Add turn-scoped environment selections (#18416)

## Summary
- add experimental turn/start.environments params for per-turn
environment id + cwd selections
- pass selections through core protocol ops and resolve them with
EnvironmentManager before TurnContext creation
- treat omitted selections as default behavior, empty selections as no
environment, and non-empty selections as first environment/cwd as the
turn primary

## Testing
- ran `just fmt`
- ran `just write-app-server-schema`
- not run: unit tests for this stacked PR

---------

Co-authored-by: Codex <noreply@openai.com>

codex-rs/core/tests/suite/sqlite_state.rs

@@ -399,6 +399,7 @@ async fn mcp_call_marks_thread_memory_mode_polluted_when_configured() -> Result<
 
     test.codex
         .submit(Op::UserTurn {
+            environments: None,
             items: vec![UserInput::Text {
                 text: "call the rmcp echo tool".to_string(),
                 text_elements: Vec::new(),