feat: add local date/timezone to turn environment context (#12947)

## Summary

This PR includes the session's local date and timezone in the
model-visible environment context and persists that data in
`TurnContextItem`.

  ## What changed
- captures the current local date and IANA timezone when building a turn
context, with a UTC fallback if the timezone lookup fails
- includes current_date and timezone in the serialized
<environment_context> payload
- stores those fields on TurnContextItem so they survive rollout/history
handling, subagent review threads, and resume flows
- treats date/timezone changes as environment updates, so prompt caching
and context refresh logic do not silently reuse stale time context
- updates tests to validate the new environment fields without depending
on a single hardcoded environment-context string

## test

built a local build and saw it in the rollout file:
```
{"timestamp":"2026-02-26T21:39:50.737Z","type":"response_item","payload":{"type":"message","role":"user","content":[{"type":"input_text","text":"<environment_context>\n  <shell>zsh</shell>\n  <current_date>2026-02-26</current_date>\n  <timezone>America/Los_Angeles</timezone>\n</environment_context>"}]}}
```

codex-rs/core/tests/suite/resume_warning.rs

@@ -28,6 +28,8 @@ fn resume_history(
     let turn_ctx = TurnContextItem {
         turn_id: Some(turn_id.clone()),
         cwd: config.cwd.clone(),
+        current_date: None,
+        timezone: None,
         approval_policy: config.permissions.approval_policy.value(),
         sandbox_policy: config.permissions.sandbox_policy.get().clone(),
         network: None,