diff --git a/codex-rs/exec-server/src/client.rs b/codex-rs/exec-server/src/client.rs
index a7680e73e8..6a5bbbf7a2 100644
--- a/codex-rs/exec-server/src/client.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/exec-server/src/client.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 use std::sync::Arc;
 use std::time::Duration;
 
+use async_trait::async_trait;
 use codex_app_server_protocol::FsCopyParams;
 use codex_app_server_protocol::FsCopyResponse;
 use codex_app_server_protocol::FsCreateDirectoryParams;
@@ -26,6 +27,7 @@ use tracing::warn;
 
 use crate::client_api::ExecServerClientConnectOptions;
 use crate::client_api::ExecServerEvent;
+use crate::client_api::ExecProcess;
 use crate::client_api::RemoteExecServerConnectArgs;
 use crate::connection::JsonRpcConnection;
 use crate::protocol::EXEC_EXITED_METHOD;
@@ -504,6 +506,33 @@ impl ExecServerClient {
     }
 }
 
+#[async_trait]
+impl ExecProcess for ExecServerClient {
+    async fn start(&self, params: ExecParams) -> Result<ExecResponse, ExecServerError> {
+        self.exec(params).await
+    }
+
+    async fn read(&self, params: ReadParams) -> Result<ReadResponse, ExecServerError> {
+        self.read(params).await
+    }
+
+    async fn write(
+        &self,
+        process_id: &str,
+        chunk: Vec<u8>,
+    ) -> Result<WriteResponse, ExecServerError> {
+        self.write(process_id, chunk).await
+    }
+
+    async fn terminate(&self, process_id: &str) -> Result<TerminateResponse, ExecServerError> {
+        self.terminate(process_id).await
+    }
+
+    fn subscribe_events(&self) -> broadcast::Receiver<ExecServerEvent> {
+        self.event_receiver()
+    }
+}
+
 impl From<RpcCallError> for ExecServerError {
     fn from(value: RpcCallError) -> Self {
         match value {
diff --git a/codex-rs/exec-server/src/client_api.rs b/codex-rs/exec-server/src/client_api.rs
index 962d3ba364..852ade566a 100644
--- a/codex-rs/exec-server/src/client_api.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/exec-server/src/client_api.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,17 @@
 use std::time::Duration;
 
+use async_trait::async_trait;
+use tokio::sync::broadcast;
+
+use crate::client::ExecServerError;
 use crate::protocol::ExecExitedNotification;
 use crate::protocol::ExecOutputDeltaNotification;
+use crate::protocol::ExecParams;
+use crate::protocol::ExecResponse;
+use crate::protocol::ReadParams;
+use crate::protocol::ReadResponse;
+use crate::protocol::TerminateResponse;
+use crate::protocol::WriteResponse;
 
 /// Connection options for any exec-server client transport.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
@@ -25,3 +35,26 @@ pub enum ExecServerEvent {
     OutputDelta(ExecOutputDeltaNotification),
     Exited(ExecExitedNotification),
 }
+
+/// Process lifecycle capability for an execution environment.
+#[async_trait]
+pub trait ExecProcess: Send + Sync {
+    async fn start(&self, params: ExecParams) -> Result<ExecResponse, ExecServerError>;
+
+    async fn read(&self, params: ReadParams) -> Result<ReadResponse, ExecServerError>;
+
+    async fn write(
+        &self,
+        process_id: &str,
+        chunk: Vec<u8>,
+    ) -> Result<WriteResponse, ExecServerError>;
+
+    async fn terminate(&self, process_id: &str) -> Result<TerminateResponse, ExecServerError>;
+
+    fn subscribe_events(&self) -> broadcast::Receiver<ExecServerEvent>;
+}
+
+/// Capability bundle exposed by an execution environment.
+pub trait ExecutorEnvironment: Send + Sync {
+    fn process(&self) -> &(dyn ExecProcess + '_);
+}
diff --git a/codex-rs/exec-server/src/environment.rs b/codex-rs/exec-server/src/environment.rs
index c8635ec03a..a91c355fff 100644
--- a/codex-rs/exec-server/src/environment.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/exec-server/src/environment.rs
@@ -1,8 +1,24 @@
 use crate::ExecServerClient;
 use crate::ExecServerError;
+use crate::ExecServerEvent;
+use crate::ExecProcess;
+use crate::ExecutorEnvironment;
 use crate::RemoteExecServerConnectArgs;
+use crate::protocol::ExecParams;
+use crate::protocol::ExecResponse;
+use crate::protocol::ReadParams;
+use crate::protocol::ReadResponse;
+use crate::protocol::TerminateResponse;
+use crate::protocol::WriteResponse;
 use crate::fs;
 use crate::fs::ExecutorFileSystem;
+use async_trait::async_trait;
+use tokio::sync::broadcast;
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+struct UnavailableExecProcess;
+
+static UNAVAILABLE_EXEC_PROCESS: UnavailableExecProcess = UnavailableExecProcess;
 
 #[derive(Clone, Default)]
 pub struct Environment {
@@ -56,11 +72,57 @@ impl Environment {
         self.remote_exec_server_client.as_ref()
     }
 
+    pub fn process(&self) -> &(dyn ExecProcess + '_) {
+        self.remote_exec_server_client
+            .as_ref()
+            .map_or(&UNAVAILABLE_EXEC_PROCESS as &dyn ExecProcess, |client| client)
+    }
+
     pub fn get_filesystem(&self) -> impl ExecutorFileSystem + use<> {
         fs::LocalFileSystem
     }
 }
 
+impl ExecutorEnvironment for Environment {
+    fn process(&self) -> &(dyn ExecProcess + '_) {
+        self.process()
+    }
+}
+
+#[async_trait]
+impl ExecProcess for UnavailableExecProcess {
+    async fn start(&self, _params: ExecParams) -> Result<ExecResponse, ExecServerError> {
+        Err(unavailable_exec_process_error())
+    }
+
+    async fn read(&self, _params: ReadParams) -> Result<ReadResponse, ExecServerError> {
+        Err(unavailable_exec_process_error())
+    }
+
+    async fn write(
+        &self,
+        _process_id: &str,
+        _chunk: Vec<u8>,
+    ) -> Result<WriteResponse, ExecServerError> {
+        Err(unavailable_exec_process_error())
+    }
+
+    async fn terminate(&self, _process_id: &str) -> Result<TerminateResponse, ExecServerError> {
+        Err(unavailable_exec_process_error())
+    }
+
+    fn subscribe_events(&self) -> broadcast::Receiver<ExecServerEvent> {
+        let (_tx, rx) = broadcast::channel(1);
+        rx
+    }
+}
+
+fn unavailable_exec_process_error() -> ExecServerError {
+    ExecServerError::Protocol(
+        "exec process capability is unavailable for a local default Environment".to_string(),
+    )
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::Environment;
diff --git a/codex-rs/exec-server/src/lib.rs b/codex-rs/exec-server/src/lib.rs
index 3c50d0ec59..19f0642ad0 100644
--- a/codex-rs/exec-server/src/lib.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/exec-server/src/lib.rs
@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@ pub use client::ExecServerClient;
 pub use client::ExecServerError;
 pub use client_api::ExecServerClientConnectOptions;
 pub use client_api::ExecServerEvent;
+pub use client_api::ExecProcess;
+pub use client_api::ExecutorEnvironment;
 pub use client_api::RemoteExecServerConnectArgs;
 pub use codex_app_server_protocol::FsCopyParams;
 pub use codex_app_server_protocol::FsCopyResponse;