Refactor network approvals to host/protocol/port scope (#12140)

## Summary
Simplify network approvals by removing per-attempt proxy correlation and
moving to session-level approval dedupe keyed by (host, protocol, port).
Instead of encoding attempt IDs into proxy credentials/URLs, we now
treat approvals as a destination policy decision.

- Concurrent calls to the same destination share one approval prompt.
- Different destinations (or same host on different ports) get separate
prompts.
- Allow once approves the current queued request group only.
- Allow for session caches that (host, protocol, port) and auto-allows
future matching requests.
- Never policy continues to deny without prompting.

Example:
- 3 calls: 
  - a.com (line 443)
  - b.com (line 443)
  - a.com (line 443)
=> 2 prompts total (a, b), second a waits on the first decision.
- a.com:80 is treated separately from a.com line 443

## Testing
- `just fmt` (in `codex-rs`)
- `cargo test -p codex-core tools::network_approval::tests`
- `cargo test -p codex-core` (unit tests pass; existing
integration-suite failures remain in this environment)

codex-rs/app-server-protocol/schema/json/CommandExecutionRequestApprovalParams.json

@@ -110,6 +110,30 @@
           "type": "object"
         }
       ]
+    },
+    "NetworkApprovalContext": {
+      "properties": {
+        "host": {
+          "type": "string"
+        },
+        "protocol": {
+          "$ref": "#/definitions/NetworkApprovalProtocol"
+        }
+      },
+      "required": [
+        "host",
+        "protocol"
+      ],
+      "type": "object"
+    },
+    "NetworkApprovalProtocol": {
+      "enum": [
+        "http",
+        "https",
+        "socks5Tcp",
+        "socks5Udp"
+      ],
+      "type": "string"
     }
   },
   "properties": {
@@ -147,6 +171,17 @@
     "itemId": {
       "type": "string"
     },
+    "networkApprovalContext": {
+      "anyOf": [
+        {
+          "$ref": "#/definitions/NetworkApprovalContext"
+        },
+        {
+          "type": "null"
+        }
+      ],
+      "description": "Optional context for managed-network approval prompts."
+    },
     "proposedExecpolicyAmendment": {
       "description": "Optional proposed execpolicy amendment to allow similar commands without prompting.",
       "items": {