Took over the work that @aaronl-openai started here:
https://github.com/openai/codex/pull/10397
Now that app-server clients are able to set up custom tools (called
`dynamic_tools` in app-server), we should expose a way for clients to
pass in not just text, but also image outputs. This is something the
Responses API already supports for function call outputs, where you can
pass in either a string or an array of content outputs (text, image,
file):
https://platform.openai.com/docs/api-reference/responses/create#responses_create-input-input_item_list-item-function_tool_call_output-output-array-input_image
So let's just plumb it through in Codex (with the caveat that we only
support text and image for now). This is implemented end-to-end across
app-server v2 protocol types and core tool handling.
## Breaking API change
NOTE: This introduces a breaking change with dynamic tools, but I think
it's ok since this concept was only recently introduced
(https://github.com/openai/codex/pull/9539) and it's better to get the
API contract correct. I don't think there are any real consumers of this
yet (not even the Codex App).
Old shape:
`{ "output": "dynamic-ok", "success": true }`
New shape:
```
{
"contentItems": [
{ "type": "inputText", "text": "dynamic-ok" },
{ "type": "inputImage", "imageUrl": "data:image/png;base64,AAA" }
]
"success": true
}
```
## Summary
This PR introduces a gated Bubblewrap (bwrap) Linux sandbox path. The
curent Linux sandbox path relies on in-process restrictions (including
Landlock). Bubblewrap gives us a more uniform filesystem isolation
model, especially explicit writable roots with the option to make some
directories read-only and granular network controls.
This is behind a feature flag so we can validate behavior safely before
making it the default.
- Added temporary rollout flag:
- `features.use_linux_sandbox_bwrap`
- Preserved existing default path when the flag is off.
- In Bubblewrap mode:
- Added internal retry without /proc when /proc mount is not permitted
by the host/container.
## Summary
This PR updates `request_user_input` behavior and Default-mode guidance
to match current collaboration-mode semantics and reduce model
confusion.
## Why
- `request_user_input` should be explicitly documented as **Plan-only**.
- Tool description and runtime availability checks should be driven by
the **same centralized mode policy**.
- Default mode prompt needed stronger execution guidance and explicit
instruction that `request_user_input` is unavailable.
- Error messages should report the **actual mode name** (not aliases
that can read as misleading).
## What changed
- Centralized `request_user_input` mode policy in `core` handler logic:
- Added a single allowed-modes config (`Plan` only).
- Reused that policy for:
- runtime rejection messaging
- tool description text
- Updated tool description to include availability constraint:
- `"This tool is only available in Plan mode."`
- Updated runtime rejection behavior:
- `Default` -> `"request_user_input is unavailable in Default mode"`
- `Execute` -> `"request_user_input is unavailable in Execute mode"`
- `PairProgramming` -> `"request_user_input is unavailable in Pair
Programming mode"`
- Strengthened Default collaboration prompt:
- Added explicit execution-first behavior
- Added assumptions-first guidance
- Added explicit `request_user_input` unavailability instruction
- Added concise progress-reporting expectations
- Simplified formatting implementation:
- Inlined allowed-mode name collection into `format_allowed_modes()`
- Kept `format_allowed_modes()` output for 3+ modes as CSV style
(`modes: a,b,c`)
Summary
- mark the shell-related tools as supporting parallel tool calls so
exec_command, shell_command, etc. can run concurrently
- update expectations in tool parallelism tests to reflect the new
parallel behavior
- drop the unused serial duration helper from the suite
Testing
- Not run (not requested)
## Summary
This PR simplifies collaboration modes to the visible set `default |
plan`, while preserving backward compatibility for older partners that
may still send legacy mode
names.
Specifically:
- Renames the old Code behavior to **Default**.
- Keeps **Plan** as-is.
- Removes **Custom** mode behavior (fallbacks now resolve to Default).
- Keeps `PairProgramming` and `Execute` internally for compatibility
plumbing, while removing them from schema/API and UI visibility.
- Adds legacy input aliasing so older clients can still send old mode
names.
## What Changed
1. Mode enum and compatibility
- `ModeKind` now uses `Plan` + `Default` as active/public modes.
- `ModeKind::Default` deserialization accepts legacy values:
- `code`
- `pair_programming`
- `execute`
- `custom`
- `PairProgramming` and `Execute` variants remain in code but are hidden
from protocol/schema generation.
- `Custom` variant is removed; previous custom fallbacks now map to
`Default`.
2. Collaboration presets and templates
- Built-in presets now return only:
- `Plan`
- `Default`
- Template rename:
- `core/templates/collaboration_mode/code.md` -> `default.md`
- `execute.md` and `pair_programming.md` remain on disk but are not
surfaced in visible preset lists.
3. TUI updates
- Updated user-facing naming and prompts from “Code” to “Default”.
- Updated mode-cycle and indicator behavior to reflect only visible
`Plan` and `Default`.
- Updated corresponding tests and snapshots.
4. request_user_input behavior
- `request_user_input` remains allowed only in `Plan` mode.
- Rejection messaging now consistently treats non-plan modes as
`Default`.
5. Schemas
- Regenerated config and app-server schemas.
- Public schema types now advertise mode values as:
- `plan`
- `default`
## Backward Compatibility Notes
- Incoming legacy mode names (`code`, `pair_programming`, `execute`,
`custom`) are accepted and coerced to `default`.
- Outgoing/public schema surfaces intentionally expose only `plan |
default`.
- This allows tolerant ingestion of older partner payloads while
standardizing new integrations on the reduced mode set.
## Codex author
`codex fork 019c1fae-693b-7840-b16e-9ad38ea0bd00`
We started working with MCP in Codex before
https://crates.io/crates/rmcp was mature, so we had our own crate for
MCP types that was generated from the MCP schema:
8b95d3e082/codex-rs/mcp-types/README.md
Now that `rmcp` is more mature, it makes more sense to use their MCP
types in Rust, as they handle details (like the `_meta` field) that our
custom version ignored. Though one advantage that our custom types had
is that our generated types implemented `JsonSchema` and `ts_rs::TS`,
whereas the types in `rmcp` do not. As such, part of the work of this PR
is leveraging the adapters between `rmcp` types and the serializable
types that are API for us (app server and MCP) introduced in #10356.
Note this PR results in a number of changes to
`codex-rs/app-server-protocol/schema`, which merit special attention
during review. We must ensure that these changes are still
backwards-compatible, which is possible because we have:
```diff
- export type CallToolResult = { content: Array<ContentBlock>, isError?: boolean, structuredContent?: JsonValue, };
+ export type CallToolResult = { content: Array<JsonValue>, structuredContent?: JsonValue, isError?: boolean, _meta?: JsonValue, };
```
so `ContentBlock` has been replaced with the more general `JsonValue`.
Note that `ContentBlock` was defined as:
```typescript
export type ContentBlock = TextContent | ImageContent | AudioContent | ResourceLink | EmbeddedResource;
```
so the deletion of those individual variants should not be a cause of
great concern.
Similarly, we have the following change in
`codex-rs/app-server-protocol/schema/typescript/Tool.ts`:
```
- export type Tool = { annotations?: ToolAnnotations, description?: string, inputSchema: ToolInputSchema, name: string, outputSchema?: ToolOutputSchema, title?: string, };
+ export type Tool = { name: string, title?: string, description?: string, inputSchema: JsonValue, outputSchema?: JsonValue, annotations?: JsonValue, icons?: Array<JsonValue>, _meta?: JsonValue, };
```
so:
- `annotations?: ToolAnnotations` ➡️ `JsonValue`
- `inputSchema: ToolInputSchema` ➡️ `JsonValue`
- `outputSchema?: ToolOutputSchema` ➡️ `JsonValue`
and two new fields: `icons?: Array<JsonValue>, _meta?: JsonValue`
---
[//]: # (BEGIN SAPLING FOOTER)
Stack created with [Sapling](https://sapling-scm.com). Best reviewed
with [ReviewStack](https://reviewstack.dev/openai/codex/pull/10349).
* #10357
* __->__ #10349
* #10356
## Summary
- Stream proposed plans in Plan Mode using `<proposed_plan>` tags parsed
in core, emitting plan deltas plus a plan `ThreadItem`, while stripping
tags from normal assistant output.
- Persist plan items and rebuild them on resume so proposed plans show
in thread history.
- Wire plan items/deltas through app-server protocol v2 and render a
dedicated proposed-plan view in the TUI, including the “Implement this
plan?” prompt only when a plan item is present.
## Changes
### Core (`codex-rs/core`)
- Added a generic, line-based tag parser that buffers each line until it
can disprove a tag prefix; implements auto-close on `finish()` for
unterminated tags. `codex-rs/core/src/tagged_block_parser.rs`
- Refactored proposed plan parsing to wrap the generic parser.
`codex-rs/core/src/proposed_plan_parser.rs`
- In plan mode, stream assistant deltas as:
- **Normal text** → `AgentMessageContentDelta`
- **Plan text** → `PlanDelta` + `TurnItem::Plan` start/completion
(`codex-rs/core/src/codex.rs`)
- Final plan item content is derived from the completed assistant
message (authoritative), not necessarily the concatenated deltas.
- Strips `<proposed_plan>` blocks from assistant text in plan mode so
tags don’t appear in normal messages.
(`codex-rs/core/src/stream_events_utils.rs`)
- Persist `ItemCompleted` events only for plan items for rollout replay.
(`codex-rs/core/src/rollout/policy.rs`)
- Guard `update_plan` tool in Plan Mode with a clear error message.
(`codex-rs/core/src/tools/handlers/plan.rs`)
- Updated Plan Mode prompt to:
- keep `<proposed_plan>` out of non-final reasoning/preambles
- require exact tag formatting
- allow only one `<proposed_plan>` block per turn
(`codex-rs/core/templates/collaboration_mode/plan.md`)
### Protocol / App-server protocol
- Added `TurnItem::Plan` and `PlanDeltaEvent` to core protocol items.
(`codex-rs/protocol/src/items.rs`, `codex-rs/protocol/src/protocol.rs`)
- Added v2 `ThreadItem::Plan` and `PlanDeltaNotification` with
EXPERIMENTAL markers and note that deltas may not match the final plan
item. (`codex-rs/app-server-protocol/src/protocol/v2.rs`)
- Added plan delta route in app-server protocol common mapping.
(`codex-rs/app-server-protocol/src/protocol/common.rs`)
- Rebuild plan items from persisted `ItemCompleted` events on resume.
(`codex-rs/app-server-protocol/src/protocol/thread_history.rs`)
### App-server
- Forward plan deltas to v2 clients and map core plan items to v2 plan
items. (`codex-rs/app-server/src/bespoke_event_handling.rs`,
`codex-rs/app-server/src/codex_message_processor.rs`)
- Added v2 plan item tests.
(`codex-rs/app-server/tests/suite/v2/plan_item.rs`)
### TUI
- Added a dedicated proposed plan history cell with special background
and padding, and moved “• Proposed Plan” outside the highlighted block.
(`codex-rs/tui/src/history_cell.rs`, `codex-rs/tui/src/style.rs`)
- Only show “Implement this plan?” when a plan item exists.
(`codex-rs/tui/src/chatwidget.rs`,
`codex-rs/tui/src/chatwidget/tests.rs`)
<img width="831" height="847" alt="Screenshot 2026-01-29 at 7 06 24 PM"
src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/69794c8c-f96b-4d36-92ef-c1f5c3a8f286"
/>
### Docs / Misc
- Updated protocol docs to mention plan deltas.
(`codex-rs/docs/protocol_v1.md`)
- Minor plumbing updates in exec/debug clients to tolerate plan deltas.
(`codex-rs/debug-client/src/reader.rs`, `codex-rs/exec/...`)
## Tests
- Added core integration tests:
- Plan mode strips plan from agent messages.
- Missing `</proposed_plan>` closes at end-of-message.
(`codex-rs/core/tests/suite/items.rs`)
- Added unit tests for generic tag parser (prefix buffering, non-tag
lines, auto-close). (`codex-rs/core/src/tagged_block_parser.rs`)
- Existing app-server plan item tests in v2.
(`codex-rs/app-server/tests/suite/v2/plan_item.rs`)
## Notes / Behavior
- Plan output no longer appears in standard assistant text in Plan Mode;
it streams via `PlanDelta` and completes as a `TurnItem::Plan`.
- The final plan item content is authoritative and may diverge from
streamed deltas (documented as experimental).
- Reasoning summaries are not filtered; prompt instructs the model not
to include `<proposed_plan>` outside the final plan message.
## Codex Author
`codex fork 019bec2d-b09d-7450-b292-d7bcdddcdbfb`
An experimental flow for env var skill dependencies. Skills can now
declare required env vars in SKILL.md; if missing, the CLI prompts the
user to get the value, and Core will store it in memory (eventually to a
local persistent store)
<img width="790" height="169" alt="image"
src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/cd928918-9403-43cb-a7e7-b8d59bcccd9a"
/>
web_search can now be updated per-turn, for things like changes to
sandbox policy.
`SandboxPolicy::DangerFullAccess` now sets web_search to `live`, and the
default is still `cached`.
Added integration tests.
## Context
Previous work in https://github.com/openai/codex/pull/9560 only rejected
`request_user_input` in Execute and Custom modes. Since then, additional
modes
(e.g., Code) were added, so the guard should be mode-agnostic.
## What changed
- Switch the handler to an allowlist: only Plan and PairProgramming are
allowed
- Return the same error for any other mode (including Code)
- Add a Code-mode rejection test alongside the existing Execute/Custom
tests
## Why
This prevents `request_user_input` from being used in modes where it is
not
intended, even as new modes are introduced.
Reproduce with a prompt like this with collab enabled:
```
Examine the code at <some subdirectory with a deeply nested project>. Find the most urgent issue to resolve and describe it to me.
```
Existing behavior causes the top-level agent to busy wait on subagents.
### Summary
Add `isOther` to question object from request_user_input tool input and
remove `other` option from the tool prompt to better handle tool input.
## Summary
Add dynamic tool injection to thread startup in API v2, wire dynamic
tool calls through the app server to clients, and plumb responses back
into the model tool pipeline.
### Flow (high level)
- Thread start injects `dynamic_tools` into the model tool list for that
thread (validation is done here).
- When the model emits a tool call for one of those names, core raises a
`DynamicToolCallRequest` event.
- The app server forwards it to the client as `item/tool/call`, waits
for the client’s response, then submits a `DynamicToolResponse` back to
core.
- Core turns that into a `function_call_output` in the next model
request so the model can continue.
### What changed
- Added dynamic tool specs to v2 thread start params and protocol types;
introduced `item/tool/call` (request/response) for dynamic tool
execution.
- Core now registers dynamic tool specs at request time and routes those
calls via a new dynamic tool handler.
- App server validates tool names/schemas, forwards dynamic tool call
requests to clients, and publishes tool outputs back into the session.
- Integration tests
## Summary
- Keep `request_user_input` in the tool list but reject it at runtime in
Execute/Custom modes with a clear model-facing error.
- Add a session accessor for current collaboration mode and enforce the
gate in the request_user_input handler.
- Update core/app-server tests to use Plan mode for success and add
Execute/Custom rejection coverage.
## Summary
This PR consolidates base_instructions onto SessionMeta /
SessionConfiguration, so we ensure `base_instructions` is set once per
session and should be (mostly) immutable, unless:
- overridden by config on resume / fork
- sub-agent tasks, like review or collab
In a future PR, we should convert all references to `base_instructions`
to consistently used the typed struct, so it's less likely that we put
other strings there. See #9423. However, this PR is already quite
complex, so I'm deferring that to a follow-up.
## Testing
- [x] Added a resume test to assert that instructions are preserved. In
particular, `resume_switches_models_preserves_base_instructions` fails
against main.
Existing test coverage thats assert base instructions are preserved
across multiple requests in a session:
- Manual compact keeps baseline instructions:
core/tests/suite/compact.rs:199
- Auto-compact keeps baseline instructions:
core/tests/suite/compact.rs:1142
- Prompt caching reuses the same instructions across two requests:
core/tests/suite/prompt_caching.rs:150 and
core/tests/suite/prompt_caching.rs:157
- Prompt caching with explicit expected string across two requests:
core/tests/suite/prompt_caching.rs:213 and
core/tests/suite/prompt_caching.rs:222
- Resume with model switch keeps original instructions:
core/tests/suite/resume.rs:136
- Compact/resume/fork uses request 0 instructions for later expected
payloads: core/tests/suite/compact_resume_fork.rs:215
moving `web_search` rollout serverside, so need a way to explicitly
disable search + signal eligibility from the client.
- Add `x‑oai‑web‑search‑eligible` header that signifies whether the
request can have web search.
- Only attach the `web_search` tool when the resolved `WebSearchMode` is
`Live` or `Cached`.
### What
Add `WebSearchMode` enum (disabled, cached live, defaults to cached) to
config + V2 protocol. This enum takes precedence over legacy flags:
`web_search_cached`, `web_search_request`, and `tools.web_search`.
Keep `--search` as live.
### Tests
Added tests
Emit the following events around the collab tools. On the `app-server`
this will be under `item/started` and `item/completed`
```
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize, Serialize, PartialEq, JsonSchema, TS)]
pub struct CollabAgentSpawnBeginEvent {
/// Identifier for the collab tool call.
pub call_id: String,
/// Thread ID of the sender.
pub sender_thread_id: ThreadId,
/// Initial prompt sent to the agent. Can be empty to prevent CoT leaking at the
/// beginning.
pub prompt: String,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize, Serialize, PartialEq, JsonSchema, TS)]
pub struct CollabAgentSpawnEndEvent {
/// Identifier for the collab tool call.
pub call_id: String,
/// Thread ID of the sender.
pub sender_thread_id: ThreadId,
/// Thread ID of the newly spawned agent, if it was created.
pub new_thread_id: Option<ThreadId>,
/// Initial prompt sent to the agent. Can be empty to prevent CoT leaking at the
/// beginning.
pub prompt: String,
/// Last known status of the new agent reported to the sender agent.
pub status: AgentStatus,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize, Serialize, PartialEq, JsonSchema, TS)]
pub struct CollabAgentInteractionBeginEvent {
/// Identifier for the collab tool call.
pub call_id: String,
/// Thread ID of the sender.
pub sender_thread_id: ThreadId,
/// Thread ID of the receiver.
pub receiver_thread_id: ThreadId,
/// Prompt sent from the sender to the receiver. Can be empty to prevent CoT
/// leaking at the beginning.
pub prompt: String,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize, Serialize, PartialEq, JsonSchema, TS)]
pub struct CollabAgentInteractionEndEvent {
/// Identifier for the collab tool call.
pub call_id: String,
/// Thread ID of the sender.
pub sender_thread_id: ThreadId,
/// Thread ID of the receiver.
pub receiver_thread_id: ThreadId,
/// Prompt sent from the sender to the receiver. Can be empty to prevent CoT
/// leaking at the beginning.
pub prompt: String,
/// Last known status of the receiver agent reported to the sender agent.
pub status: AgentStatus,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize, Serialize, PartialEq, JsonSchema, TS)]
pub struct CollabWaitingBeginEvent {
/// Thread ID of the sender.
pub sender_thread_id: ThreadId,
/// Thread ID of the receiver.
pub receiver_thread_id: ThreadId,
/// ID of the waiting call.
pub call_id: String,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize, Serialize, PartialEq, JsonSchema, TS)]
pub struct CollabWaitingEndEvent {
/// Thread ID of the sender.
pub sender_thread_id: ThreadId,
/// Thread ID of the receiver.
pub receiver_thread_id: ThreadId,
/// ID of the waiting call.
pub call_id: String,
/// Last known status of the receiver agent reported to the sender agent.
pub status: AgentStatus,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize, Serialize, PartialEq, JsonSchema, TS)]
pub struct CollabCloseBeginEvent {
/// Identifier for the collab tool call.
pub call_id: String,
/// Thread ID of the sender.
pub sender_thread_id: ThreadId,
/// Thread ID of the receiver.
pub receiver_thread_id: ThreadId,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize, Serialize, PartialEq, JsonSchema, TS)]
pub struct CollabCloseEndEvent {
/// Identifier for the collab tool call.
pub call_id: String,
/// Thread ID of the sender.
pub sender_thread_id: ThreadId,
/// Thread ID of the receiver.
pub receiver_thread_id: ThreadId,
/// Last known status of the receiver agent reported to the sender agent before
/// the close.
pub status: AgentStatus,
}
```
This PR is in the scope of multi-agent work.
An agent (=thread) can now spawn other agents. Those other agents are
not attached to any clients. We need a way to make sure that the clients
are aware of the new threads to look at (for approval for example). This
PR adds a channel to the `ThreadManager` that pushes the ID of those
newly created agents such that the client (here the app-server) can also
subscribe to those ones.
The description of the `shell` arg for `exec_command` states the default
is `/bin/bash`, but AFAICT it's the user's default shell.
Default logic
[here](2a06d64bc9/codex-rs/core/src/tools/handlers/unified_exec.rs (L123)).
EDIT: #9004 has an alternative where we inform the model of the default
shell itself.
