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<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#docker-compose-备忘清单"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>docker-compose 备忘清单</h1><div class="wrap-body">
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<p>这是 <a href="https://docs.docker.com/compose/">docker-compose</a> 的官方文档。 你可以在这里找到最常见的 docker-compose 使用方式。</p>
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</div></header><div class="menu-tocs"><div class="menu-btn"><svg aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" height="1em" width="1em" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" data-view-component="true">
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</svg></div><div class="menu-modal"><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve2 tocs-link" data-num="2" href="#入门">入门</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" data-num="4" href="#安装-docker-compose--需要安装docker-desktop">安装 docker-compose 需要安装（docker desktop）</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve2 tocs-link" data-num="2" href="#介绍">介绍</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve2 tocs-link" data-num="2" href="#命令">命令</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve2 tocs-link" data-num="2" href="#配置模板">配置模板</a></div></div><div class="h1wrap-body"><div class="wrap h2body-exist"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="入门"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#入门"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>入门</h2><div class="wrap-body">
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<!--rehype:body-class=cols-2-->
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</div></div><div class="h2wrap-body cols-2"><h4 id="安装-docker-compose--需要安装docker-desktop"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#安装-docker-compose--需要安装docker-desktop"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>安装 docker-compose 需要安装（docker desktop）</h4>
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<ul>
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<li>
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<p>windows 安装</p>
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<ul>
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<li>官网地址:<a href="https://docs.docker.com/desktop/install/windows-install/">https://docs.docker.com/desktop/install/windows-install/</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>linux 版本安装</p>
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<ul>
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<li>官网地址:<a href="https://docs.docker.com/desktop/install/linux-install/">https://docs.docker.com/desktop/install/linux-install/</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>mac 版本安装</p>
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<ul>
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<li>官网地址:<a href="https://docs.docker.com/desktop/install/mac-install/">https://docs.docker.com/desktop/install/mac-install/</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>可以通过 releases 下载安装 releases 地址：<a href="https://github.com/docker/compose/releases">https://github.com/docker/compose/releases</a></p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>安装成功</p>
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<pre class="language-sh"><code class="language-sh code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">docker</span> compose version
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</span><span class="code-line">Docker Compose version v2.17.3
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</span><span class="code-line">
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</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">docker</span> <span class="token parameter variable">--version</span>
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</span><span class="code-line">Docker version <span class="token number">23.0</span>.5, build bc4487a
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</span><span class="code-line">
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</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">docker</span> version
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</span><span class="code-line">Client: Docker Engine - Community
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</span><span class="code-line">Cloud integration: v1.0.31
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</span><span class="code-line">Version: <span class="token number">23.0</span>.5
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</span><span class="code-line">API version: <span class="token number">1.42</span>
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</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span>.<span class="token operator">></span>
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</span></code></pre>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</div></div><div class="wrap h2body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="介绍"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#介绍"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>介绍</h2><div class="wrap-body">
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<p><strong>Docker-Compose 是什么？</strong></p>
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<ul>
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<p><code>Docker-compsoe</code> 是一个开源项目，用于定义和运行多容器 <code>Docker</code> 应用程序的工具。由 <code>Docker</code> 社区维护。</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>通过一个 <code>YAML</code> 文件来配置应用程序的服务，以便可以使用一个命令启动、停止和重启整个应用程序。</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>开源地址：<a href="https://github.com/docker/compose">https://github.com/docker/compose</a></p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>releases 地址：<a href="https://github.com/docker/compose/releases">https://github.com/docker/compose/releases</a></p>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<p><strong>基本概念：</strong></p>
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<ul>
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<li>
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<p><strong>服务 (services):</strong> 一个服务指的是一个容器，即一个应用程序的一个实例。</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p><strong>容器 (container):</strong> <code>Docker</code> 容器，其中运行着应用程序的一个实例。</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p><strong>镜像 (image):</strong> <code>Docker</code> 镜像，用于创建容器的模板。</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p><strong>Docker-Compose 文件：</strong> 一个 <code>YAML</code> 文件，描述了应用程序的各个服务以及它们之间的关系、配置等信息。</p>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<p><strong>Docker-Compose 文件结构：</strong></p>
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<ul>
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<li>
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<p><code>version</code>: <code>Docker-Compose</code> 文件的版本。</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p><code>services</code>: 定义了各个服务，每个服务都有自己的配置项，如镜像、端口映射、依赖等。</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p><code>networks</code>: 定义了应用程序使用的网络，可以自定义网络以控制服务之间的通信。</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p><code>volumes</code>: 定义了应用程序使用的卷，用于持久化数据或与主机共享文件。</p>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</div></div><div class="h2wrap-body"></div></div><div class="wrap h2body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="命令"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#命令"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>命令</h2><div class="wrap-body">
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<p><strong>常用命令：</strong></p>
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<table><thead><tr><th>docker compose命令</th><th>说明</th><th>常见参数说明</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>docker compose up</code></td><td>启动容器</td><td><code>-d</code> 后台运行容器</td></tr><tr><td><code>docker compose down</code></td><td>停止容器</td><td><code>-v</code> 删除容器和卷</td></tr><tr><td><code>docker compose ps</code></td><td>查看容器状态</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><code>docker compose logs</code></td><td>查看容器日志</td><td><code>-f</code> 跟随日志输出</td></tr><tr><td><code>docker compose exec</code></td><td>进入容器</td><td><code>-it</code> 启动交互式终端</td></tr><tr><td><code>docker compose build</code></td><td>构建镜像</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><code>docker compose rm</code></td><td>删除容器</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><code>docker compose stop</code></td><td>停止容器</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><code>docker compose start</code></td><td>启动容器</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><code>docker compose restart</code></td><td>重启容器</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><code>docker compose pull</code></td><td>拉取镜像</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><code>docker compose run</code></td><td>运行一个临时容器</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><code>docker compose config</code></td><td>显示配置信息</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><code>docker compose images</code></td><td>列出镜像</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><code>docker compose push</code></td><td>推送镜像</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><code>docker compose version</code></td><td>查看版本信息</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>
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</div></div><div class="h2wrap-body"></div></div><div class="wrap h2body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="配置模板"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#配置模板"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>配置模板</h2><div class="wrap-body">
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<p><strong>示例 Docker-Compose 文件：</strong></p>
|
||
<p><code>docker-compsoe</code> 的配置文件是一个 <code>YAML</code> 文件，用于定义和运行多容器 Docker 应用程序。它使用 一个单一的 YAML 文件（通常命名为 <code>docker-compose.yml</code>）来定义多个容器的集合，以及它们之间的依赖关系和服务。</p>
|
||
<p>以下是一份 <code>docker-compose.yml</code> 文件的配置模板，包含了常用配置项和解释：</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-yaml"><code class="language-yaml code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token key atrule">version</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">'3'</span> <span class="token comment"># 指定使用的Docker Compose文件格式版本，目前推荐使用3.x或更高</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token key atrule">services</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token comment"># 定义一个或多个服务</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token key atrule">service1</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token comment"># 服务名称</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token key atrule">image</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> nginx<span class="token punctuation">:</span>latest <span class="token comment"># 使用的Docker镜像，这里是Nginx的最新版本</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token comment"># 或者使用构建指令来从Dockerfile构建镜像</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token key atrule">build</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token key atrule">context</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> ./path/to/Dockerfile <span class="token comment"># Dockerfile所在的目录</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token key atrule">dockerfile</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> Dockerfile<span class="token punctuation">-</span>alternative <span class="token comment"># 可选的Dockerfile名称，默认是Dockerfile</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token comment"># 容器启动时执行的命令，覆盖默认的命令</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token key atrule">command</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"nginx"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"-g"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"daemon off;"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token comment"># 以数组形式指定，防止shell解析</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token key atrule">ports</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token comment"># 容器端口与主机端口映射</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token punctuation">-</span> <span class="token string">"80:80"</span> <span class="token comment"># 主机80端口映射到容器的80端口</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token key atrule">volumes</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token comment"># 数据卷挂载</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token punctuation">-</span> ./nginx.conf<span class="token punctuation">:</span>/etc/nginx/nginx.conf<span class="token punctuation">:</span>ro <span class="token comment"># 将主机上的nginx.conf挂载到容器的/etc/nginx/nginx.conf，只读</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token punctuation">-</span> ./logs<span class="token punctuation">:</span>/var/log/nginx <span class="token comment"># 将logs目录挂载到容器的/var/log/nginx</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token key atrule">environment</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token comment"># 设置环境变量</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token punctuation">-</span> MYSQL_HOST=database <span class="token comment"># 可以引用其他服务，这里假设有一个名为database的服务</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token punctuation">-</span> MYSQL_PORT=3306
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token key atrule">depends_on</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token comment"># 服务启动顺序，这里表明service1依赖于database服务</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token punctuation">-</span> database
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token key atrule">networks</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token comment"># 定义网络</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token punctuation">-</span> my_network <span class="token comment"># 参与名为my_network的网络</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token key atrule">service2</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token comment"># 另一个服务示例</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token comment"># ... 类似地定义其他服务</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token key atrule">networks</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token comment"># 定义网络</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token key atrule">my_network</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token comment"># 网络名称</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token key atrule">driver</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> bridge <span class="token comment"># 网络驱动，通常是bridge模式</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token key atrule">volumes</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token comment"># 定义数据卷</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token key atrule">nginx_logs</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token comment"># 卷名称</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p><strong>备忘录事项</strong></p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>配置文件中的缩进必须使用空格，不能使用制表符。</li>
|
||
<li>可以使用环境变量来动态设置配置项，如数据库密码。</li>
|
||
<li>使用 <code>Docker-Compose</code> 可以简化多容器应用程序的部署和管理，但需要注意容器之间的依赖关系和通信。</li>
|
||
<li>当你修改了 <code>docker-compose.yml</code> 文件后，需要重新运行 <code>docker-compose up</code> 来使改动生效。</li>
|
||
<li>使用 <code>docker-compose build</code> 仅重建镜像，而不启动容器。</li>
|
||
<li>使用 <code>docker-compose restart</code> 重启容器。</li>
|
||
<li>记得清理不再需要的容器和镜像，以避免磁盘空间不足。</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
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