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&#x26; huawei-devices cheatsheet &#x26; Quick Reference</title>
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</svg></div><div class="menu-modal"><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve2 tocs-link" data-num="2" href="#基本知识">基本知识</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#vrp">VRP</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#视图">视图</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve2 tocs-link" data-num="2" href="#基本操作">基本操作</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#系统信息">系统信息</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" data-num="4" href="#查看信息">查看信息</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" data-num="4" href="#重命名设备">重命名设备</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" data-num="4" href="#切换语言">切换语言</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" data-num="4" href="#设置标题">设置标题</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" data-num="4" href="#取消调试信息">取消调试信息</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#撤销操作">撤销操作</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" data-num="4" href="#恢复出厂设置">恢复出厂设置</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#历史命令">历史命令</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" data-num="4" href="#显示历史命令">显示历史命令</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#设置系统时钟">设置系统时钟</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#mac-地址">mac 地址</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#退出">退出</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#保存配置">保存配置</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#重启">重启</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve2 tocs-link" data-num="2" href="#登录管理">登录管理</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#stelnet-方式">STelnet 方式</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" data-num="4" href="#aaa-登录">AAA 登录</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" data-num="4" href="#命令级别">命令级别</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#console-接口登录">Console 接口登录</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" data-num="4" href="#永不超时">永不超时</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" data-num="4" href="#密码认证">密码认证</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" data-num="4" href="#aaa认证">AAA认证</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#telnet-方式">Telnet 方式</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" data-num="4" href="#password-登录">password 登录</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" data-num="4" href="#aaa-登录-1">AAA 登录</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#远程-ip">远程 IP</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve2 tocs-link" data-num="2" href="#接口配置">接口配置</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#接口组">接口组</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" data-num="4" href="#接口模式">接口模式</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" data-num="4" href="#接口带宽">接口带宽</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" data-num="4" href="#接口双工模式">接口双工模式</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" data-num="4" href="#配置-trunk">配置 trunk</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#vlan-配置">vlan 配置</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" data-num="4" href="#查看-vlan">查看 vlan</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" data-num="4" href="#创建-vlan">创建 vlan</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" data-num="4" href="#分配-vlan">分配 vlan</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve2 tocs-link" data-num="2" href="#交换机配置">交换机配置</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#stp-spanning-tree-protocol">STP (Spanning Tree Protocol)</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#链路聚合">链路聚合</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#rstprapid-spanning-tree-protocol">RSTP（Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol）</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#dhcpdynamic-host-configuration-protocol">DHCP（Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol）</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve2 tocs-link" data-num="2" href="#路由配置">路由配置</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#查看路由">查看路由</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#vrrp-virtual-router-redundancy-protocol">VRRP (Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol)</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#单臂路由">单臂路由</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#静态路由">静态路由</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#默认路由">默认路由</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#浮动路由">浮动路由</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#ospf">OSPF</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" data-num="4" href="#单域">单域</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" data-num="4" href="#多域">多域</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#动态路由-rip">动态路由 RIP</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#路由重分发">路由重分发</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve2 tocs-link" data-num="2" href="#网络安全">网络安全</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#接口安全">接口安全</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#访问控制列表access-control-list">访问控制列表（Access Control List）</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#基本访问控制列表">基本访问控制列表</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#高级访问控制列表">高级访问控制列表</a></div></div><div class="h1wrap-body"><div class="wrap h2body-exist"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="基本知识"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#基本知识"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>基本知识</h2><div class="wrap-body">
</div></div><div class="h2wrap-body"><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="vrp"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#vrp"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>VRP</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<ul>
<li>华为数据通信产品的通用网络操作平台，可用于设备管理和配置</li>
<li>支持命令简写，输入命令时可通过提示获取完整写法</li>
<li>例如：<code>undo in en</code> 取消系统信息显示，完整命令为 <code>undo info-center enable</code></li>
<li>如果简写存在歧义，则需要输入更完整的命令</li>
</ul>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist col-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="视图"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#视图"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>视图</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2-->
<p>视图（View）是指命令行界面（CLI）的操作层级，不同视图可执行不同范围的命令。</p>
<table class="show-header"><thead><tr><th align="center">视图</th><th align="left">进入方式</th><th align="left">说明</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="center">用户视图</td><td align="left">登录设备后默认进入</td><td align="left">可执行监控、查看信息等命令（如 <code>display version</code>）</td></tr><tr><td align="center">系统视图</td><td align="left"><code>system-view</code></td><td align="left">可执行全局配置命令</td></tr><tr><td align="center">接口视图</td><td align="left"><code>interface 接口名</code>（如 <code>interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1</code>）</td><td align="left">用于配置接口相关参数（IP、速率、VLAN等）</td></tr><tr><td align="center">ACL 视图</td><td align="left"><code>acl 编号</code>（如 <code>acl 3000</code>）</td><td align="left">用于定义访问控制规则</td></tr><tr><td align="center">VLAN 视图</td><td align="left"><code>vlan VLAN_ID</code>（如 <code>vlan 10</code>）</td><td align="left">用于创建、修改或删除 VLAN</td></tr><tr><td align="center">OSPF 视图</td><td align="left"><code>ospf 进程号</code>（如 <code>ospf 1</code>）</td><td align="left">用于配置 OSPF 动态路由</td></tr><tr><td align="center">AAA 视图</td><td align="left"><code>aaa</code></td><td align="left">用于配置认证、授权与计费</td></tr></tbody></table>
<!--rehype:className=show-header-->
<hr>
<pre class="language-txt"><code class="language-txt code-highlight"><span class="code-line">用户视图
</span><span class="code-line"> └── system-view （系统视图）
</span><span class="code-line"> ├── interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 （接口视图）
</span><span class="code-line"> ├── vlan 10 （VLAN视图）
</span><span class="code-line"> ├── acl 3000 （ACL视图）
</span><span class="code-line"> ├── ospf 1 （OSPF视图）
</span><span class="code-line"> └── aaa （AAA视图）
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div></div></div><div class="wrap h2body-exist"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="基本操作"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#基本操作"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>基本操作</h2><div class="wrap-body">
</div></div><div class="h2wrap-body"><div class="wrap h3body-exist row-span-3"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="系统信息"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#系统信息"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>系统信息</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-3-->
<h4 id="查看信息"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#查看信息"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>查看信息</h4>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">display version <span class="token comment"># 查看版本信息</span>
</span><span class="code-line">display current-configuration <span class="token comment"># 查看当前配置</span>
</span><span class="code-line">display mac-address <span class="token comment"># 查看 mac 地址</span>
</span></code></pre>
<h4 id="重命名设备"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#重命名设备"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>重命名设备</h4>
<p>在系统视图下：<code>sysname RENAME</code></p>
<h4 id="切换语言"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#切换语言"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>切换语言</h4>
<pre class="language-sh"><code class="language-sh code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 用户视图下</span>
</span><span class="code-line">language-mode <span class="token punctuation">[</span>English, Chinese<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
</span></code></pre>
<h4 id="设置标题"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#设置标题"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>设置标题</h4>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">header login information 信息 <span class="token comment"># 载入时信息</span>
</span><span class="code-line">header shell information 信息 <span class="token comment"># 远程时信息</span>
</span></code></pre>
<h4 id="取消调试信息"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#取消调试信息"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>取消调试信息</h4>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">undo terminal monitor
</span></code></pre>
<p> </p>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-exist row-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="撤销操作"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#撤销操作"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>撤销操作</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
<ul>
<li>可用于恢复默认配置</li>
<li>可用于禁用某些功能</li>
<li>可用于删除某些配置</li>
</ul>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 恢复默认名称</span>
</span><span class="code-line">undo sysname
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 禁用信息显示</span>
</span><span class="code-line">undo <span class="token keyword">in</span> en
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 删除接口配置</span>
</span><span class="code-line">undo <span class="token function">ip</span> address
</span></code></pre>
<h4 id="恢复出厂设置"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#恢复出厂设置"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>恢复出厂设置</h4>
<p><code>reset saved-configuration</code></p>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-exist row-span-1"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="历史命令"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#历史命令"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>历史命令</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-1-->
<p>使用上箭头或 ctrl+p 可访问上一命令</p>
<p>使用下箭头或 ctrl+n 可访问下一命令</p>
<p>默认保存10条命令</p>
<h4 id="显示历史命令"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#显示历史命令"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>显示历史命令</h4>
<p><code>display history-command</code></p>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="设置系统时钟"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#设置系统时钟"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>设置系统时钟</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 在用户视图下</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 为保证与其他设备协调工作需要配置系统时钟</span>
</span><span class="code-line">clock datetime <span class="token number">12</span>:00:00 <span class="token number">2020</span>-02-02 <span class="token comment"># 时间</span>
</span><span class="code-line">clock timezone BJ <span class="token function">add</span> 08:00:00 <span class="token comment"># 时区</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist col-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="mac-地址"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#mac-地址"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>mac 地址</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2-->
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 添加 mac 地址</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># MAC-Address mac 地址</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># e0/0/0 自定义接口</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># VlanID 自定义 vlanid</span>
</span><span class="code-line">mac-address static MAC-Address e0/0/0 vlan VlanID
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 清除</span>
</span><span class="code-line">reset arp all
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="退出"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#退出"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>退出</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<p><code>quit</code> 命令用于从任意视图退回上一个视图</p>
<p><code>return</code> 这是立刻退回至用户视图</p>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="保存配置"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#保存配置"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>保存配置</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<p><code>save</code></p>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="重启"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#重启"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>重启</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">reboot</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div></div></div><div class="wrap h2body-exist"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="登录管理"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#登录管理"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>登录管理</h2><div class="wrap-body">
</div></div><div class="h2wrap-body"><div class="wrap h3body-exist col-span-2 row-span-3"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="stelnet-方式"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#stelnet-方式"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>STelnet 方式</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2 row-span-3-->
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 开启 ssh 服务</span>
</span><span class="code-line">stelnet server <span class="token builtin class-name">enable</span>
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 配置远程管理ip</span>
</span><span class="code-line">int vlanif <span class="token number">1</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">ip</span> <span class="token function">add</span> <span class="token number">192.168</span>.1.254 <span class="token number">24</span>
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 生成本地 rsa 秘钥对</span>
</span><span class="code-line">rsa local-key-pair create
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># ssh 首次认证</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">ssh</span> cl <span class="token keyword">fi</span> en
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># ssh 用户验证类型 password</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">ssh</span> user admin authentication-type password
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># ssh 用户服务类型 stelnet</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">ssh</span> user admin service-type stelnet
</span></code></pre>
<h4 id="aaa-登录"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#aaa-登录"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>AAA 登录</h4>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">aaa
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 本地用户 admin 密码密文 123456 等级 2</span>
</span><span class="code-line">local-user admin password cipher <span class="token number">123456</span> privilege level <span class="token number">2</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 本地用户 admin 登录方式 ssh</span>
</span><span class="code-line">local-user admin service-type <span class="token function">ssh</span>
</span><span class="code-line">quit
</span><span class="code-line">user-interface vty <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token number">4</span>
</span><span class="code-line">authentication-mode aaa <span class="token comment"># 认证模式 aaa</span>
</span><span class="code-line">protocol inbound <span class="token function">ssh</span> <span class="token comment"># 仅支持 ssh 协议</span>
</span><span class="code-line">quit
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># ssh用户端首次认证</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">ssh</span> client first-time <span class="token builtin class-name">enable</span>
</span></code></pre>
<h4 id="命令级别"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#命令级别"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>命令级别</h4>
<ul>
<li>0 参观级 只能进行如诊断工具命令（ping，tracert），部分 display 命令</li>
<li>1 监控级 主要用于系统维护，业务故障诊断，包括部分display，debugging命令</li>
<li>2 配置级 主要用于业务配置，包括路由，各个网络层次命令，可向用户提供直接网络服务</li>
<li>3 - 15 为管理级，涉及系统基本运行，系统支撑模块等</li>
</ul>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="console-接口登录"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#console-接口登录"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>Console 接口登录</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<h4 id="永不超时"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#永不超时"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>永不超时</h4>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">user-interface console <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token comment"># 进入 console 接口</span>
</span><span class="code-line">idle-timeout <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token comment"># 超时时间为 0 即 永不超时</span>
</span></code></pre>
<h4 id="密码认证"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#密码认证"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>密码认证</h4>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">user-interface console <span class="token number">0</span>
</span><span class="code-line">authentication-mode password <span class="token comment"># 验证模式 密码认证</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token builtin class-name">set</span> authentication password simple <span class="token number">123456</span> <span class="token comment"># 设置验证密码 简单密码 123456</span>
</span></code></pre>
<h4 id="aaa认证"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#aaa认证"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>AAA认证</h4>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">user-interface console <span class="token number">0</span>
</span><span class="code-line">authentication-mode aaa <span class="token comment"># 验证模式 AAA认证</span>
</span><span class="code-line">quit
</span><span class="code-line">aaa <span class="token comment"># 进入 aaa 模式</span>
</span><span class="code-line">local-user admin password simple <span class="token number">123456</span> <span class="token comment"># 本地用户 admin 密码 简单密码 123456</span>
</span><span class="code-line">local-user admin password cipher <span class="token number">123456</span> <span class="token comment"># 本地用户 admin 密码 密文密码 123456</span>
</span><span class="code-line">local-user admin service-type terminal <span class="token comment"># 本地用户 admin 服务类型 终端</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="telnet-方式"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#telnet-方式"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>Telnet 方式</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 开启 Telnet</span>
</span><span class="code-line">telnet server <span class="token builtin class-name">enable</span>
</span></code></pre>
<h4 id="password-登录"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#password-登录"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>password 登录</h4>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">user-interface vty <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token number">4</span>
</span><span class="code-line">authentication-mode password <span class="token comment"># 认证模式 password</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token builtin class-name">set</span> authentication password simple <span class="token number">123456</span> <span class="token comment"># 设置 认证 密码 简单密码 123456</span>
</span><span class="code-line">user privilege level <span class="token number">2</span> <span class="token comment"># 用户等级 2</span>
</span><span class="code-line">idle-timeout <span class="token number">15</span> <span class="token comment"># 断连时间 15 分</span>
</span></code></pre>
<h4 id="aaa-登录-1"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#aaa-登录-1"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>AAA 登录</h4>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">aaa
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 本地用户 admin 密码密文 123456 等级 2</span>
</span><span class="code-line">local-user admin password cipher <span class="token number">123456</span> privilege level <span class="token number">2</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 本地用户 admin 登录方式 telnet</span>
</span><span class="code-line">local-user admin service-type telnet
</span><span class="code-line">quit
</span><span class="code-line">user-interface vty <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token number">4</span>
</span><span class="code-line">authentication-mode aaa <span class="token comment"># 认证模式 aaa</span>
</span><span class="code-line">quit
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="远程-ip"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#远程-ip"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>远程 IP</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 远程管理 ip</span>
</span><span class="code-line">int vlanif <span class="token number">1</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">ip</span> <span class="token function">add</span> <span class="token number">192.168</span>.1.254 <span class="token number">24</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># pc</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token number">192.168</span>.1.1 <span class="token number">24</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div></div></div><div class="wrap h2body-exist"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="接口配置"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#接口配置"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>接口配置</h2><div class="wrap-body">
</div></div><div class="h2wrap-body"><div class="wrap h3body-exist col-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="接口组"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#接口组"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>接口组</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2-->
<pre class="language-sh"><code class="language-sh code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 组内配置会自动为组成员配置</span>
</span><span class="code-line">port-group <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token comment"># 创建接口组 1</span>
</span><span class="code-line">group-member e0/0/2 to e0/0/8 <span class="token comment"># 划分组成员为 e0/0/2 - e0/0/8 即 2,3,4,5,6,7,8 接口</span>
</span></code></pre>
<h4 id="接口模式"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#接口模式"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>接口模式</h4>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># access 普通模式 只能在某个 vlan 中通信</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># trunk 中继器模式 可在任意 vlan 中通信</span>
</span><span class="code-line">int e0/0/1
</span><span class="code-line">port link-type access <span class="token comment"># 接口模式为 access</span>
</span><span class="code-line">port link-type trunk <span class="token comment"># 接口模式为 trunk</span>
</span></code></pre>
<h4 id="接口带宽"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#接口带宽"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>接口带宽</h4>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 接口每秒传输数据量</span>
</span><span class="code-line">int e0/0/1
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 10Mbit/s</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 100Mbit/s</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># Auto 自协商</span>
</span><span class="code-line">speed <span class="token number">10</span> <span class="token operator">|</span> <span class="token number">100</span> <span class="token operator">|</span> Auto
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 关闭自协商</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 先关闭自协商再手动指定接口速率</span>
</span><span class="code-line">undo negotiation auto
</span></code></pre>
<h4 id="接口双工模式"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#接口双工模式"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>接口双工模式</h4>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 接口协商模式不一致会导致异常</span>
</span><span class="code-line">int e0/0/1
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># full 全双工 同时收发数据</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># half 半双工 同时只能接收或发送数据一个操作</span>
</span><span class="code-line">duplex full <span class="token operator">|</span> half
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 先关闭自协商再手动指定</span>
</span></code></pre>
<h4 id="配置-trunk"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#配置-trunk"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>配置 trunk</h4>
<pre class="language-sh"><code class="language-sh code-highlight"><span class="code-line">interface g0/0/1 <span class="token comment"># 进入接口</span>
</span><span class="code-line">port link-type trunk <span class="token comment"># 接口模式为 trunk</span>
</span></code></pre>
<p><code>all</code> 为通过所有 <code>vlan</code>, VlanId 为指定 vlan，多个vlan以空格隔开</p>
<pre class="language-sh"><code class="language-sh code-highlight"><span class="code-line">port trunk allow-pass vlan VlanId <span class="token operator">|</span> all
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="vlan-配置"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#vlan-配置"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>vlan 配置</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<h4 id="查看-vlan"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#查看-vlan"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>查看 vlan</h4>
<p><code>display vlan</code></p>
<h4 id="创建-vlan"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#创建-vlan"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>创建 vlan</h4>
<pre class="language-sh"><code class="language-sh code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># VlanId 自定义vlanid 1 ~ 4094</span>
</span><span class="code-line">vlan VlanId
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># VLANNAME 自定义的 vlan 名称</span>
</span><span class="code-line">description VLANNAME
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 删除vlan</span>
</span><span class="code-line">undo vlan VlanId
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 创建 10,20,30 vlan</span>
</span><span class="code-line">vlan batch <span class="token number">10</span> <span class="token number">20</span> <span class="token number">30</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 创建 10 ~ 30 vlan</span>
</span><span class="code-line">vlan batch <span class="token number">10</span> to <span class="token number">30</span>
</span></code></pre>
<h4 id="分配-vlan"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#分配-vlan"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>分配 vlan</h4>
<pre class="language-sh"><code class="language-sh code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 进入接口</span>
</span><span class="code-line">interface E0/0/1
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 接口模式设为 access</span>
</span><span class="code-line">port link-type access
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 划分到 vlan 10 中</span>
</span><span class="code-line">port default vlan <span class="token number">10</span>
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 创建接口组 1</span>
</span><span class="code-line">port-group <span class="token number">1</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 组成员为 e0/0/5 - e0/0/8 .... 5,6,7,8</span>
</span><span class="code-line">group-member e0/0/5 to e0/0/8
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 组成员接口模式设为 access</span>
</span><span class="code-line">port link-type access
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 组成员划分到 vlan 10 中</span>
</span><span class="code-line">port default vlan <span class="token number">10</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div></div></div><div class="wrap h2body-exist"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="交换机配置"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#交换机配置"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>交换机配置</h2><div class="wrap-body">
</div></div><div class="h2wrap-body"><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist col-span-2 row-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="stp-spanning-tree-protocol"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#stp-spanning-tree-protocol"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>STP (Spanning Tree Protocol)</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2 row-span-2-->
<p>即生成树协议</p>
<p>可将有环路的物理拓扑变为无环路的逻辑拓扑，从而为网络提供安全机制，使得冗余拓扑中不会产生交换环路问题</p>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 三层交换机</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 首先需要创建 vlan</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 划分接口给 vlan</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 所有与其他交换机相连接口需要做 trunk 放通划分 vlan</span>
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 二层交换机</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 建立 vlan</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 客户机接口划分默认 vlan</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 与三层交换机相连接口做 trunk 放通 vlan</span>
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 开启 STP</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 系统视图下</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 交换机都要配置</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># stp 开启</span>
</span><span class="code-line">stp <span class="token builtin class-name">enable</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># stp 模式 stp</span>
</span><span class="code-line">stp mode stp
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># # 指定根交换机</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 配置优先级</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 系统视图下</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 优先级为 0</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 优先级值在 0 ~ 65535 默认 32768</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 要求设为 4096 倍数</span>
</span><span class="code-line">stp priority <span class="token number">0</span>
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 使用命令</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 系统视图下</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 需要先删除配置优先级</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 根交换机</span>
</span><span class="code-line">stp root primary
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 备用根交换机</span>
</span><span class="code-line">stp root secondary
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="链路聚合"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#链路聚合"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>链路聚合</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 创建 id 为 1 的 eth-trunk 聚合接口</span>
</span><span class="code-line">interface eth-trunk <span class="token number">1</span>
</span><span class="code-line">quit
</span><span class="code-line">interface g0/0/1
</span><span class="code-line">eth-trunk <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token comment"># 加入 g/0/01 到 eth-trunk 1 中</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 添加完毕成员后</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># eth-trunk 接口下</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 设置接口链路类型为 trunk</span>
</span><span class="code-line">port link-type trunk
</span></code></pre>
<p>在聚合接口下添加成员</p>
<pre class="language-sh"><code class="language-sh code-highlight"><span class="code-line">trunkport g0/0/1
</span><span class="code-line">trunkport g0/0/1 to g0/0/2
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 删除用 undo</span>
</span></code></pre>
<p><code>接口汇聚</code>是将交换机间的多条物理链路合并为一条逻辑链路，以提升带宽并实现链路冗余备份。</p>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="rstprapid-spanning-tree-protocol"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#rstprapid-spanning-tree-protocol"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>RSTP（Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol）</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<ul>
<li>RSTP（快速生成树协议）是对 STP 的改进版</li>
<li>当网络故障发生时，STP 的拓扑结构需要较长时间收敛，而 RSTP 可在 1 秒内完成</li>
<li>配置方式与 STP 基本一致</li>
</ul>
<p>不同点：</p>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 系统视图下</span>
</span><span class="code-line">stp <span class="token builtin class-name">enable</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># stp mode stp 变更</span>
</span><span class="code-line">stp mode rstp
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 配置边缘接口</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 接口视图下</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 将该接口设置为边缘接口</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 节省接口从初始启动到转发状态的时间间隔</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 默认不参与生成树计算</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 不经历转发延迟</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 关闭或激活不触发 RSTP 拓扑变更</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 通常将与终端设备连接的接口设置</span>
</span><span class="code-line">stp edged-port <span class="token builtin class-name">enable</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist col-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="dhcpdynamic-host-configuration-protocol"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#dhcpdynamic-host-configuration-protocol"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>DHCP（Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol）</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2-->
<p>即动态主机配置协议</p>
<p>可有规划的划分 IP 地址，也可避免用户私设 IP 引起的地址冲突</p>
<p>三层交换机可充当 DHCP 服务器，能动态分配 IP 地址及 DNS 服务地址等网络参数</p>
<p>可以使得用户零配置上网</p>
<pre class="language-sh"><code class="language-sh code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 二层交换机</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 首先创建 vlan</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 一个 vlan 代表一个地址池范围</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 然后划分接口配置默认 vlan</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 进入与三层交换机相连的接口做 trunk 并放通 vlan</span>
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># # 三层交换机</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 创建 vlan</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 进入与二层交换机相连的接口做 trunk 并放通 vlan</span>
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 开启 DHCP</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 系统视图下</span>
</span><span class="code-line">dhcp <span class="token builtin class-name">enable</span>
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 系统视图下</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 建立地址池 V10 V10 为自定义的合法地址池名称</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">ip</span> pool V10
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 发布网段 10.10.10</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 掩码 255.0.0.0</span>
</span><span class="code-line">network <span class="token number">10.10</span>.10.0 mask <span class="token number">255.0</span>.0.0
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 配置网关</span>
</span><span class="code-line">gateway-list <span class="token number">10.10</span>.10.254
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 设置租期为 8 天</span>
</span><span class="code-line">lease <span class="token number">8</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># dns 服务器 5.5.5.5</span>
</span><span class="code-line">dns-list <span class="token number">5.5</span>.5.5
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 进入 vlan 视图</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 为 vlan 配置对应的网关地址及掩码</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 配置设备指定接口采取全局地址</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># vlan 视图下</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># dhcp 配置选择 全局配置</span>
</span><span class="code-line">dhcp <span class="token keyword">select</span> global
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># dhcp 配置选择 接口配置</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 接口配置与全局配置基本相同</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 此 dhcp 配置在接口中</span>
</span><span class="code-line">dhcp <span class="token keyword">select</span> interface
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># #</span>
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 保留地址</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 保留了 5 - 15 这个范围的 IP 地址</span>
</span><span class="code-line">excluded-ip-address <span class="token number">10.10</span>.10.5 <span class="token number">10.10</span>.10.15
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div></div></div><div class="wrap h2body-exist"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="路由配置"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#路由配置"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>路由配置</h2><div class="wrap-body">
</div></div><div class="h2wrap-body"><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist col-span-3"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="查看路由"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#查看路由"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>查看路由</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-3-->
<pre class="language-sh"><code class="language-sh code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 查看路由表</span>
</span><span class="code-line">display <span class="token function">ip</span> routing-table
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist col-span-2 row-span-4"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="vrrp-virtual-router-redundancy-protocol"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#vrrp-virtual-router-redundancy-protocol"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>VRRP (Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol)</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2 row-span-4-->
<p>即虚拟路由器冗余协议</p>
<p>是一种选择协议，可将虚拟路由器责任动态分配至局域网内的一台 VRRP 路由器</p>
<p>控制虚拟路由器 IP 地址的 VRRP 路由器为 Master 路由器，负责将数据包进行分发</p>
<p>一旦 Master 不可用，可提供动态的故障转移机制</p>
<p>由 Backup 路由器代替 Master路由器故障时的工作</p>
<p>允许虚拟路由器的 IP 地址作为 终端主机的默认第一跳路由</p>
<p>优势为更高的默认路由的可用性，无须在终端主机上配置动态路由或路由发现协议</p>
<pre class="language-sh"><code class="language-sh code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 二层交换机</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 创建 vlan</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 划分接口默认 vlan</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 与 三层交换机 相连的接口配置 trunk 放通 vlan</span>
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># # 三层交换机</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 创建 vlan</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 与 二层交换机 相连的接口配置 trunk 放通 vlan</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 配置 vlan 的 IP 地址</span>
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 配置 VRRP</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># vlan 视图下</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 配置虚拟接口 IP</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 与当前 vlan ip 同段</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 一台虚拟路由器可拥有多个 IP 地址</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># vrid 虚拟路由器的标识，相同的 vrid 的路由器组成一台虚拟 Master 路由器</span>
</span><span class="code-line">vrrp vrid <span class="token number">1</span> virtual-ip <span class="token number">192.168</span>.100.254
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 配置优先级</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 根据优先级确定虚拟路由器中每台路由器的地位</span>
</span><span class="code-line">vrrp vrid <span class="token number">1</span> priority <span class="token number">150</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 配置抢占模式和延迟时间</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 非抢占模式</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># Master 无故障， Backup 即使优先级比 Master 高也不会成为 Master</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 抢占模式</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># Backup 优先级比 Master 高，则代替 Master</span>
</span><span class="code-line">vrrp vrid <span class="token number">1</span> preempt-mode timer delay <span class="token number">5</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 将 g/0/23 配置为跟踪接口</span>
</span><span class="code-line">vrrp vrid <span class="token number">1</span> track interface g0/0/23
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 查看 VRRP 服务</span>
</span><span class="code-line">display vrrp brief
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 1 为 vrrp id</span>
</span><span class="code-line">display vrrp <span class="token number">1</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># #</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="单臂路由"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#单臂路由"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>单臂路由</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<p>划分 vlan 之后，vlan 是无法互通的，但是使用单臂路由可以解决此问题。</p>
<pre class="language-sh"><code class="language-sh code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 首先交换机划分 vlan</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 划分接口默认 vlan</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 与路由器相连接口进行 trunk 放通 vlan</span>
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 假设路由器与交换机连接的接口是 g0/0/0</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 创建子接口</span>
</span><span class="code-line">int g0/0/0.1
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 配置 ip 地址</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 封装 802.1Q 协议</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 假设当前接口对应的 vlan 是 vlan 10</span>
</span><span class="code-line">dot1q termination vid <span class="token number">10</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 开启 arp 广播</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 不配置会导致子接口不主动发送 arp 报文</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 以及对外转发 ip 报文</span>
</span><span class="code-line">arp broadcast <span class="token builtin class-name">enable</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="静态路由"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#静态路由"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>静态路由</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<p>适用于规模较小，不经常变动，简单的网络环境</p>
<pre class="language-sh"><code class="language-sh code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 首先配置交换机</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 创建 vlan 并划分接口默认 vlan</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 配置 vlan 的 ip 地址</span>
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 路由器配置相连接口 ip</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 添加 静态路由</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 所有不能直达的网络都需要添加静态路由</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">ip</span> route-static 目标网段 掩码 下一跳地址
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="默认路由"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#默认路由"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>默认路由</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<p>默认路由与静态路由配置基本相同。</p>
<p>唯一不同的就是路由的配置。</p>
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">ip</span> rou <span class="token number">0.0</span>.0.0 <span class="token number">0.0</span>.0.0 下一跳地址
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="浮动路由"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#浮动路由"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>浮动路由</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<p>就是路由器之间多个接口相连，并配置接口优先级。</p>
<p>配置与静态，默认路由基本相同。</p>
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">ip</span> rou 目标网段 掩码 下一跳地址
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">ip</span> rou 目标网段 掩码 下一跳地址 <span class="token function">pr</span> 权重
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-exist row-span-2 col-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="ospf"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#ospf"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>OSPF</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2 col-span-2-->
<p>首先配置完毕相关接口及IP。</p>
<h4 id="单域"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#单域"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>单域</h4>
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 系统视图下</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 1 是 ospf 进程号</span>
</span><span class="code-line">ospf <span class="token number">1</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 0 是区域号 0 是骨干区域</span>
</span><span class="code-line">area <span class="token number">0</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 发布网段</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 网段需要根据掩码</span>
</span><span class="code-line">net x.x.x.x 反码
</span></code></pre>
<h4 id="多域"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#多域"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>多域</h4>
<p>与单域配置基本相同，只是需要划分多个 OSPF 区域。</p>
<p>需要注意，路由器相连接口需要划分到一个区域。</p>
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 系统视图下</span>
</span><span class="code-line">ospf <span class="token number">1</span>
</span><span class="code-line">area <span class="token number">0</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 发布当前区域的网段</span>
</span><span class="code-line">net x.x.x.x 反码
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 切换区域</span>
</span><span class="code-line">area <span class="token number">1</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 发布当前区域的网段</span>
</span><span class="code-line">net x.x.x.x 反码
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="动态路由-rip"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#动态路由-rip"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>动态路由 RIP</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<p>配置基本相同。</p>
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 系统视图下</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 进入 rip 视图</span>
</span><span class="code-line">rip
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 切换版本 2</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">v</span> <span class="token number">2</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 自动汇总</span>
</span><span class="code-line">summary always
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 发布网段 (需要根据掩码)</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 如 掩码 255.0.0.0</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 则 发布 x.0.0.0</span>
</span><span class="code-line">net x.x.x.x
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="路由重分发"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#路由重分发"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>路由重分发</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<p>大型网络中，有时有多种路由协议共存，此时需要进行路由重分发。</p>
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 首先完成相关路由配置</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 假设 Router 左侧为 RIP 协议</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 右侧为 OSPF 协议</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 左右路由分别是 1.1.1.1 和 2.2.2.2</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 因为 左侧为 RIP 协议</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 因此需要先配置 RIP 发布 1.1.1.0 的网段</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 右侧 OSPF 协议相同</span>
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># Router 中</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 进入 rip 中</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 导入 ospf 1 的路由</span>
</span><span class="code-line">import-route ospf <span class="token number">1</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 进入 ospf</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 导入 rip 1 的路由</span>
</span><span class="code-line">import-route rip <span class="token number">1</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div></div></div><div class="wrap h2body-exist"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="网络安全"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#网络安全"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>网络安全</h2><div class="wrap-body">
</div></div><div class="h2wrap-body"><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist col-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="接口安全"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#接口安全"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>接口安全</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2-->
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 接口视图下</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 开启接口安全</span>
</span><span class="code-line">port-security <span class="token builtin class-name">enable</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 设置当前接口只能由 MAC 地址 MAC-ADDRESS 的设备访问</span>
</span><span class="code-line">port-security mac-address sticky MAC-ADDRESS
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 设置安全 MAC 地址最大数为 1</span>
</span><span class="code-line">port-security max-mac-num <span class="token number">1</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 设置其他非安全 MAC 地址数据帧处理动作为 关闭接口</span>
</span><span class="code-line">port-security protect-action <span class="token function">shutdown</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 设置安全 MAC 地址老化时间为 300s</span>
</span><span class="code-line">port-security aging-time <span class="token number">300</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="访问控制列表access-control-list"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#访问控制列表access-control-list"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>访问控制列表（Access Control List）</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<ul>
<li>由一系列规则组成的集合，通过规则对报文分类处理。</li>
<li>通常由若干条 <red>deny</red>（拒绝） | <code>permit</code>（允许） 语句组成。</li>
</ul>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="基本访问控制列表"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#基本访问控制列表"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>基本访问控制列表</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<p>范围只能在 2000 - 2999。</p>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 系统视图下</span>
</span><span class="code-line">acl <span class="token number">2000</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 规则 拒绝 源 IP地址 反码</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># deny 拒绝 permit 允许</span>
</span><span class="code-line">rule deny <span class="token builtin class-name">source</span> IP-ADDRESS MASK
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 接口视图下</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 传输过滤 输出 规则 2000</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># outbound 输出</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># inbound 输入</span>
</span><span class="code-line">traffic-filter outbound acl <span class="token number">2000</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist col-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="高级访问控制列表"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#高级访问控制列表"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>高级访问控制列表</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2-->
<p>范围 3000 - 3999。</p>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 系统视图下</span>
</span><span class="code-line">acl <span class="token number">3000</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 规则 id5 拒绝 tcp 源 IP-ADDRESS 反码 访问目标 IP-ADDRESS 反码 目标端口 范围 20 21</span>
</span><span class="code-line">rule <span class="token number">5</span> deny tcp <span class="token builtin class-name">source</span> IP-ADDRESS MASK destination IP-ADDRESS MASK destination-port range <span class="token number">20</span> <span class="token number">21</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">#规则 id10 允许 tcp 源 IP-ADDRESS 反码 访问目标 IP-ADDRESS 反码 目标端口 等于 80</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># gt 大于</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># lt 小于</span>
</span><span class="code-line">rule <span class="token number">10</span> permit tcp <span class="token builtin class-name">source</span> IP-ADDRESS MASK destination IP-ADDRESS MASK destination-port eq <span class="token number">80</span>
</span></code></pre>
<p>应尽量在靠近源地址的接口上应用；允许某个网段后，应拒绝其他网段。对于 FTP，需要同时指定 FTP（21）和 FTP-DATA（20）端口。</p>
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