fix: attempting to resume an existing conversation in ConversationManager should reuse it

Added model summary and risk assessment for commands that violate sandbox policy (#5536 )
This PR adds support for a model-based summary and risk assessment for commands that violate the sandbox policy and require user approval. This aids the user in evaluating whether the command should be approved. The feature works by taking a failed command and passing it back to the model and asking it to summarize the command, give it a risk level (low, medium, high) and a risk category (e.g. "data deletion" or "data exfiltration"). It uses a new conversation thread so the context in the existing thread doesn't influence the answer. If the call to the model fails or takes longer than 5 seconds, it falls back to the current behavior. For now, this is an experimental feature and is gated by a config key `experimental_sandbox_command_assessment`. Here is a screen shot of the approval prompt showing the risk assessment and summary. <img width="723" height="282" alt="image" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/4597dd7c-d5a0-4e9f-9d13-414bd082fd6b" />
2026-02-11 03:13:45 +00:00 · 2025-10-24 16:12:43 -07:00 · 2025-10-24 15:23:44 -07:00
33 changed files with 774 additions and 44 deletions
--- a/codex-rs/app-server-protocol/src/protocol.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/app-server-protocol/src/protocol.rs
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ use codex_protocol::protocol::EventMsg;
 use codex_protocol::protocol::FileChange;
 use codex_protocol::protocol::RateLimitSnapshot;
 use codex_protocol::protocol::ReviewDecision;
+use codex_protocol::protocol::SandboxCommandAssessment;
 use codex_protocol::protocol::SandboxPolicy;
 use codex_protocol::protocol::TurnAbortReason;
 use paste::paste;
@@ -847,6 +848,8 @@ pub struct ExecCommandApprovalParams {
    pub cwd: PathBuf,
    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
    pub reason: Option<String>,
+    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+    pub risk: Option<SandboxCommandAssessment>,
    pub parsed_cmd: Vec<ParsedCommand>,
 }

@@ -1063,6 +1066,7 @@ mod tests {
            command: vec!["echo".to_string(), "hello".to_string()],
            cwd: PathBuf::from("/tmp"),
            reason: Some("because tests".to_string()),
+            risk: None,
            parsed_cmd: vec![ParsedCommand::Unknown {
                cmd: "echo hello".to_string(),
            }],
--- a/codex-rs/app-server/src/codex_message_processor.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/app-server/src/codex_message_processor.rs
@@ -1447,6 +1447,7 @@ async fn apply_bespoke_event_handling(
            command,
            cwd,
            reason,
+            risk,
            parsed_cmd,
        }) => {
            let params = ExecCommandApprovalParams {
@@ -1455,6 +1456,7 @@ async fn apply_bespoke_event_handling(
                command,
                cwd,
                reason,
+                risk,
                parsed_cmd,
            };
            let rx = outgoing
@@ -1523,6 +1525,7 @@ async fn derive_config_from_params(
        include_view_image_tool: None,
        show_raw_agent_reasoning: None,
        tools_web_search_request: None,
+        experimental_sandbox_command_assessment: None,
        additional_writable_roots: Vec::new(),
    };

--- a/codex-rs/app-server/tests/suite/codex_message_processor_flow.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/app-server/tests/suite/codex_message_processor_flow.rs
@@ -311,6 +311,7 @@ async fn test_send_user_turn_changes_approval_policy_behavior() {
            ],
            cwd: working_directory.clone(),
            reason: None,
+            risk: None,
            parsed_cmd: vec![ParsedCommand::Unknown {
                cmd: "python3 -c 'print(42)'".to_string()
            }],
--- a/codex-rs/core/src/client.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/core/src/client.rs
@@ -134,6 +134,14 @@ impl ModelClient {
        self.stream_with_task_kind(prompt, TaskKind::Regular).await
    }

+    pub fn config(&self) -> Arc<Config> {
+        Arc::clone(&self.config)
+    }
+
+    pub fn provider(&self) -> &ModelProviderInfo {
+        &self.provider
+    }
+
    pub(crate) async fn stream_with_task_kind(
        &self,
        prompt: &Prompt,
--- a/codex-rs/core/src/codex.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/core/src/codex.rs
@@ -88,6 +88,7 @@ use crate::protocol::Op;
 use crate::protocol::RateLimitSnapshot;
 use crate::protocol::ReviewDecision;
 use crate::protocol::ReviewOutputEvent;
+use crate::protocol::SandboxCommandAssessment;
 use crate::protocol::SandboxPolicy;
 use crate::protocol::SessionConfiguredEvent;
 use crate::protocol::StreamErrorEvent;
@@ -755,6 +756,32 @@ impl Session {
        }
    }

+    pub(crate) async fn assess_sandbox_command(
+        &self,
+        turn_context: &TurnContext,
+        call_id: &str,
+        command: &[String],
+        failure_message: Option<&str>,
+    ) -> Option<SandboxCommandAssessment> {
+        let config = turn_context.client.config();
+        let provider = turn_context.client.provider().clone();
+        let auth_manager = Arc::clone(&self.services.auth_manager);
+        let otel = self.services.otel_event_manager.clone();
+        crate::sandboxing::assessment::assess_command(
+            config,
+            provider,
+            auth_manager,
+            &otel,
+            self.conversation_id,
+            call_id,
+            command,
+            &turn_context.sandbox_policy,
+            &turn_context.cwd,
+            failure_message,
+        )
+        .await
+    }
+
    /// Emit an exec approval request event and await the user's decision.
    ///
    /// The request is keyed by `sub_id`/`call_id` so matching responses are delivered
@@ -767,6 +794,7 @@ impl Session {
        command: Vec<String>,
        cwd: PathBuf,
        reason: Option<String>,
+        risk: Option<SandboxCommandAssessment>,
    ) -> ReviewDecision {
        let sub_id = turn_context.sub_id.clone();
        // Add the tx_approve callback to the map before sending the request.
@@ -792,6 +820,7 @@ impl Session {
            command,
            cwd,
            reason,
+            risk,
            parsed_cmd,
        });
        self.send_event(turn_context, event).await;
--- a/codex-rs/core/src/config.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/core/src/config.rs
@@ -223,6 +223,9 @@ pub struct Config {

    pub tools_web_search_request: bool,

+    /// When `true`, run a model-based assessment for commands denied by the sandbox.
+    pub experimental_sandbox_command_assessment: bool,
+
    pub use_experimental_streamable_shell_tool: bool,

    /// If set to `true`, used only the experimental unified exec tool.
@@ -958,6 +961,7 @@ pub struct ConfigToml {
    pub experimental_use_unified_exec_tool: Option<bool>,
    pub experimental_use_rmcp_client: Option<bool>,
    pub experimental_use_freeform_apply_patch: Option<bool>,
+    pub experimental_sandbox_command_assessment: Option<bool>,
 }

 impl From<ConfigToml> for UserSavedConfig {
@@ -1118,6 +1122,7 @@ pub struct ConfigOverrides {
    pub include_view_image_tool: Option<bool>,
    pub show_raw_agent_reasoning: Option<bool>,
    pub tools_web_search_request: Option<bool>,
+    pub experimental_sandbox_command_assessment: Option<bool>,
    /// Additional directories that should be treated as writable roots for this session.
    pub additional_writable_roots: Vec<PathBuf>,
 }
@@ -1147,6 +1152,7 @@ impl Config {
            include_view_image_tool: include_view_image_tool_override,
            show_raw_agent_reasoning,
            tools_web_search_request: override_tools_web_search_request,
+            experimental_sandbox_command_assessment: sandbox_command_assessment_override,
            additional_writable_roots,
        } = overrides;

@@ -1172,6 +1178,7 @@ impl Config {
            include_apply_patch_tool: include_apply_patch_tool_override,
            include_view_image_tool: include_view_image_tool_override,
            web_search_request: override_tools_web_search_request,
+            experimental_sandbox_command_assessment: sandbox_command_assessment_override,
        };

        let features = Features::from_config(&cfg, &config_profile, feature_overrides);
@@ -1269,6 +1276,8 @@ impl Config {
        let use_experimental_streamable_shell_tool = features.enabled(Feature::StreamableShell);
        let use_experimental_unified_exec_tool = features.enabled(Feature::UnifiedExec);
        let use_experimental_use_rmcp_client = features.enabled(Feature::RmcpClient);
+        let experimental_sandbox_command_assessment =
+            features.enabled(Feature::SandboxCommandAssessment);

        let forced_chatgpt_workspace_id =
            cfg.forced_chatgpt_workspace_id.as_ref().and_then(|value| {
@@ -1390,6 +1399,7 @@ impl Config {
            forced_login_method,
            include_apply_patch_tool: include_apply_patch_tool_flag,
            tools_web_search_request,
+            experimental_sandbox_command_assessment,
            use_experimental_streamable_shell_tool,
            use_experimental_unified_exec_tool,
            use_experimental_use_rmcp_client,
@@ -2873,6 +2883,7 @@ model_verbosity = "high"
                forced_login_method: None,
                include_apply_patch_tool: false,
                tools_web_search_request: false,
+                experimental_sandbox_command_assessment: false,
                use_experimental_streamable_shell_tool: false,
                use_experimental_unified_exec_tool: false,
                use_experimental_use_rmcp_client: false,
@@ -2941,6 +2952,7 @@ model_verbosity = "high"
            forced_login_method: None,
            include_apply_patch_tool: false,
            tools_web_search_request: false,
+            experimental_sandbox_command_assessment: false,
            use_experimental_streamable_shell_tool: false,
            use_experimental_unified_exec_tool: false,
            use_experimental_use_rmcp_client: false,
@@ -3024,6 +3036,7 @@ model_verbosity = "high"
            forced_login_method: None,
            include_apply_patch_tool: false,
            tools_web_search_request: false,
+            experimental_sandbox_command_assessment: false,
            use_experimental_streamable_shell_tool: false,
            use_experimental_unified_exec_tool: false,
            use_experimental_use_rmcp_client: false,
@@ -3093,6 +3106,7 @@ model_verbosity = "high"
            forced_login_method: None,
            include_apply_patch_tool: false,
            tools_web_search_request: false,
+            experimental_sandbox_command_assessment: false,
            use_experimental_streamable_shell_tool: false,
            use_experimental_unified_exec_tool: false,
            use_experimental_use_rmcp_client: false,
--- a/codex-rs/core/src/config_profile.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/core/src/config_profile.rs
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ pub struct ConfigProfile {
    pub experimental_use_exec_command_tool: Option<bool>,
    pub experimental_use_rmcp_client: Option<bool>,
    pub experimental_use_freeform_apply_patch: Option<bool>,
+    pub experimental_sandbox_command_assessment: Option<bool>,
    pub tools_web_search: Option<bool>,
    pub tools_view_image: Option<bool>,
    /// Optional feature toggles scoped to this profile.
--- a/codex-rs/core/src/conversation_manager.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/core/src/conversation_manager.rs
@@ -32,8 +32,34 @@ pub struct NewConversation {

 /// [`ConversationManager`] is responsible for creating conversations and
 /// maintaining them in memory.
+#[derive(Clone)]
+struct ConversationEntry {
+    conversation: Arc<CodexConversation>,
+    session_configured: SessionConfiguredEvent,
+}
+
+impl ConversationEntry {
+    fn new(
+        conversation: Arc<CodexConversation>,
+        session_configured: SessionConfiguredEvent,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            conversation,
+            session_configured,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn to_new_conversation(&self, conversation_id: ConversationId) -> NewConversation {
+        NewConversation {
+            conversation_id,
+            conversation: self.conversation.clone(),
+            session_configured: self.session_configured.clone(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 pub struct ConversationManager {
-    conversations: Arc<RwLock<HashMap<ConversationId, Arc<CodexConversation>>>>,
+    conversations: Arc<RwLock<HashMap<ConversationId, ConversationEntry>>>,
    auth_manager: Arc<AuthManager>,
    session_source: SessionSource,
 }
@@ -99,10 +125,11 @@ impl ConversationManager {
        };

        let conversation = Arc::new(CodexConversation::new(codex));
+        let entry = ConversationEntry::new(conversation.clone(), session_configured.clone());
        self.conversations
            .write()
            .await
-            .insert(conversation_id, conversation.clone());
+            .insert(conversation_id, entry);

        Ok(NewConversation {
            conversation_id,
@@ -118,7 +145,7 @@ impl ConversationManager {
        let conversations = self.conversations.read().await;
        conversations
            .get(&conversation_id)
-            .cloned()
+            .map(|entry| entry.conversation.clone())
            .ok_or_else(|| CodexErr::ConversationNotFound(conversation_id))
    }

@@ -129,11 +156,22 @@ impl ConversationManager {
        auth_manager: Arc<AuthManager>,
    ) -> CodexResult<NewConversation> {
        let initial_history = RolloutRecorder::get_rollout_history(&rollout_path).await?;
-        let CodexSpawnOk {
-            codex,
-            conversation_id,
-        } = Codex::spawn(config, auth_manager, initial_history, self.session_source).await?;
-        self.finalize_spawn(codex, conversation_id).await
+        if let InitialHistory::Resumed(resumed) = &initial_history
+            && let Some(existing) = self
+                .conversations
+                .read()
+                .await
+                .get(&resumed.conversation_id)
+                .cloned()
+        {
+            Ok(existing.to_new_conversation(resumed.conversation_id))
+        } else {
+            let CodexSpawnOk {
+                codex,
+                conversation_id,
+            } = Codex::spawn(config, auth_manager, initial_history, self.session_source).await?;
+            self.finalize_spawn(codex, conversation_id).await
+        }
    }

    /// Removes the conversation from the manager's internal map, though the
@@ -144,7 +182,11 @@ impl ConversationManager {
        &self,
        conversation_id: &ConversationId,
    ) -> Option<Arc<CodexConversation>> {
-        self.conversations.write().await.remove(conversation_id)
+        self.conversations
+            .write()
+            .await
+            .remove(conversation_id)
+            .map(|entry| entry.conversation)
    }

    /// Fork an existing conversation by taking messages up to the given position
--- a/codex-rs/core/src/features.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/core/src/features.rs
@@ -39,6 +39,8 @@ pub enum Feature {
    ViewImageTool,
    /// Allow the model to request web searches.
    WebSearchRequest,
+    /// Enable the model-based risk assessments for sandboxed commands.
+    SandboxCommandAssessment,
 }

 impl Feature {
@@ -73,6 +75,7 @@ pub struct FeatureOverrides {
    pub include_apply_patch_tool: Option<bool>,
    pub include_view_image_tool: Option<bool>,
    pub web_search_request: Option<bool>,
+    pub experimental_sandbox_command_assessment: Option<bool>,
 }

 impl FeatureOverrides {
@@ -137,6 +140,7 @@ impl Features {
        let mut features = Features::with_defaults();

        let base_legacy = LegacyFeatureToggles {
+            experimental_sandbox_command_assessment: cfg.experimental_sandbox_command_assessment,
            experimental_use_freeform_apply_patch: cfg.experimental_use_freeform_apply_patch,
            experimental_use_exec_command_tool: cfg.experimental_use_exec_command_tool,
            experimental_use_unified_exec_tool: cfg.experimental_use_unified_exec_tool,
@@ -154,6 +158,8 @@ impl Features {
        let profile_legacy = LegacyFeatureToggles {
            include_apply_patch_tool: config_profile.include_apply_patch_tool,
            include_view_image_tool: config_profile.include_view_image_tool,
+            experimental_sandbox_command_assessment: config_profile
+                .experimental_sandbox_command_assessment,
            experimental_use_freeform_apply_patch: config_profile
                .experimental_use_freeform_apply_patch,
            experimental_use_exec_command_tool: config_profile.experimental_use_exec_command_tool,
@@ -236,4 +242,10 @@ pub const FEATURES: &[FeatureSpec] = &[
        stage: Stage::Stable,
        default_enabled: false,
    },
+    FeatureSpec {
+        id: Feature::SandboxCommandAssessment,
+        key: "experimental_sandbox_command_assessment",
+        stage: Stage::Experimental,
+        default_enabled: false,
+    },
 ];
--- a/codex-rs/core/src/features/legacy.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/core/src/features/legacy.rs
@@ -9,6 +9,10 @@ struct Alias {
 }

 const ALIASES: &[Alias] = &[
+    Alias {
+        legacy_key: "experimental_sandbox_command_assessment",
+        feature: Feature::SandboxCommandAssessment,
+    },
    Alias {
        legacy_key: "experimental_use_unified_exec_tool",
        feature: Feature::UnifiedExec,
@@ -53,6 +57,7 @@ pub(crate) fn feature_for_key(key: &str) -> Option<Feature> {
 pub struct LegacyFeatureToggles {
    pub include_apply_patch_tool: Option<bool>,
    pub include_view_image_tool: Option<bool>,
+    pub experimental_sandbox_command_assessment: Option<bool>,
    pub experimental_use_freeform_apply_patch: Option<bool>,
    pub experimental_use_exec_command_tool: Option<bool>,
    pub experimental_use_unified_exec_tool: Option<bool>,
@@ -69,6 +74,12 @@ impl LegacyFeatureToggles {
            self.include_apply_patch_tool,
            "include_apply_patch_tool",
        );
+        set_if_some(
+            features,
+            Feature::SandboxCommandAssessment,
+            self.experimental_sandbox_command_assessment,
+            "experimental_sandbox_command_assessment",
+        );
        set_if_some(
            features,
            Feature::ApplyPatchFreeform,
--- a/codex-rs/core/src/sandboxing/assessment.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/core/src/sandboxing/assessment.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,275 @@
+use std::path::Path;
+use std::path::PathBuf;
+use std::sync::Arc;
+use std::time::Duration;
+use std::time::Instant;
+
+use crate::AuthManager;
+use crate::ModelProviderInfo;
+use crate::client::ModelClient;
+use crate::client_common::Prompt;
+use crate::client_common::ResponseEvent;
+use crate::config::Config;
+use crate::protocol::SandboxPolicy;
+use askama::Template;
+use codex_otel::otel_event_manager::OtelEventManager;
+use codex_protocol::ConversationId;
+use codex_protocol::models::ContentItem;
+use codex_protocol::models::ResponseItem;
+use codex_protocol::protocol::SandboxCommandAssessment;
+use futures::StreamExt;
+use serde_json::json;
+use tokio::time::timeout;
+use tracing::warn;
+
+const SANDBOX_ASSESSMENT_TIMEOUT: Duration = Duration::from_secs(5);
+
+const SANDBOX_RISK_CATEGORY_VALUES: &[&str] = &[
+    "data_deletion",
+    "data_exfiltration",
+    "privilege_escalation",
+    "system_modification",
+    "network_access",
+    "resource_exhaustion",
+    "compliance",
+];
+
+#[derive(Template)]
+#[template(path = "sandboxing/assessment_prompt.md", escape = "none")]
+struct SandboxAssessmentPromptTemplate<'a> {
+    platform: &'a str,
+    sandbox_policy: &'a str,
+    filesystem_roots: Option<&'a str>,
+    working_directory: &'a str,
+    command_argv: &'a str,
+    command_joined: &'a str,
+    sandbox_failure_message: Option<&'a str>,
+}
+
+#[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
+pub(crate) async fn assess_command(
+    config: Arc<Config>,
+    provider: ModelProviderInfo,
+    auth_manager: Arc<AuthManager>,
+    parent_otel: &OtelEventManager,
+    conversation_id: ConversationId,
+    call_id: &str,
+    command: &[String],
+    sandbox_policy: &SandboxPolicy,
+    cwd: &Path,
+    failure_message: Option<&str>,
+) -> Option<SandboxCommandAssessment> {
+    if !config.experimental_sandbox_command_assessment || command.is_empty() {
+        return None;
+    }
+
+    let command_json = serde_json::to_string(command).unwrap_or_else(|_| "[]".to_string());
+    let command_joined =
+        shlex::try_join(command.iter().map(String::as_str)).unwrap_or_else(|_| command.join(" "));
+    let failure = failure_message
+        .map(str::trim)
+        .filter(|msg| !msg.is_empty())
+        .map(str::to_string);
+
+    let cwd_str = cwd.to_string_lossy().to_string();
+    let sandbox_summary = summarize_sandbox_policy(sandbox_policy);
+    let mut roots = sandbox_roots_for_prompt(sandbox_policy, cwd);
+    roots.sort();
+    roots.dedup();
+
+    let platform = std::env::consts::OS;
+    let roots_formatted = roots.iter().map(|root| root.to_string_lossy().to_string());
+    let filesystem_roots = match roots_formatted.collect::<Vec<_>>() {
+        collected if collected.is_empty() => None,
+        collected => Some(collected.join(", ")),
+    };
+
+    let prompt_template = SandboxAssessmentPromptTemplate {
+        platform,
+        sandbox_policy: sandbox_summary.as_str(),
+        filesystem_roots: filesystem_roots.as_deref(),
+        working_directory: cwd_str.as_str(),
+        command_argv: command_json.as_str(),
+        command_joined: command_joined.as_str(),
+        sandbox_failure_message: failure.as_deref(),
+    };
+    let rendered_prompt = match prompt_template.render() {
+        Ok(rendered) => rendered,
+        Err(err) => {
+            warn!("failed to render sandbox assessment prompt: {err}");
+            return None;
+        }
+    };
+    let (system_prompt_section, user_prompt_section) = match rendered_prompt.split_once("\n---\n") {
+        Some(split) => split,
+        None => {
+            warn!("rendered sandbox assessment prompt missing separator");
+            return None;
+        }
+    };
+    let system_prompt = system_prompt_section
+        .strip_prefix("System Prompt:\n")
+        .unwrap_or(system_prompt_section)
+        .trim()
+        .to_string();
+    let user_prompt = user_prompt_section
+        .strip_prefix("User Prompt:\n")
+        .unwrap_or(user_prompt_section)
+        .trim()
+        .to_string();
+
+    let prompt = Prompt {
+        input: vec![ResponseItem::Message {
+            id: None,
+            role: "user".to_string(),
+            content: vec![ContentItem::InputText { text: user_prompt }],
+        }],
+        tools: Vec::new(),
+        parallel_tool_calls: false,
+        base_instructions_override: Some(system_prompt),
+        output_schema: Some(sandbox_assessment_schema()),
+    };
+
+    let child_otel =
+        parent_otel.with_model(config.model.as_str(), config.model_family.slug.as_str());
+
+    let client = ModelClient::new(
+        Arc::clone(&config),
+        Some(auth_manager),
+        child_otel,
+        provider,
+        config.model_reasoning_effort,
+        config.model_reasoning_summary,
+        conversation_id,
+    );
+
+    let start = Instant::now();
+    let assessment_result = timeout(SANDBOX_ASSESSMENT_TIMEOUT, async move {
+        let mut stream = client.stream(&prompt).await?;
+        let mut last_json: Option<String> = None;
+        while let Some(event) = stream.next().await {
+            match event {
+                Ok(ResponseEvent::OutputItemDone(item)) => {
+                    if let Some(text) = response_item_text(&item) {
+                        last_json = Some(text);
+                    }
+                }
+                Ok(ResponseEvent::RateLimits(_)) => {}
+                Ok(ResponseEvent::Completed { .. }) => break,
+                Ok(_) => continue,
+                Err(err) => return Err(err),
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(last_json)
+    })
+    .await;
+    let duration = start.elapsed();
+    parent_otel.sandbox_assessment_latency(call_id, duration);
+
+    match assessment_result {
+        Ok(Ok(Some(raw))) => match serde_json::from_str::<SandboxCommandAssessment>(raw.trim()) {
+            Ok(assessment) => {
+                parent_otel.sandbox_assessment(
+                    call_id,
+                    "success",
+                    Some(assessment.risk_level),
+                    &assessment.risk_categories,
+                    duration,
+                );
+                return Some(assessment);
+            }
+            Err(err) => {
+                warn!("failed to parse sandbox assessment JSON: {err}");
+                parent_otel.sandbox_assessment(call_id, "parse_error", None, &[], duration);
+            }
+        },
+        Ok(Ok(None)) => {
+            warn!("sandbox assessment response did not include any message");
+            parent_otel.sandbox_assessment(call_id, "no_output", None, &[], duration);
+        }
+        Ok(Err(err)) => {
+            warn!("sandbox assessment failed: {err}");
+            parent_otel.sandbox_assessment(call_id, "model_error", None, &[], duration);
+        }
+        Err(_) => {
+            warn!("sandbox assessment timed out");
+            parent_otel.sandbox_assessment(call_id, "timeout", None, &[], duration);
+        }
+    }
+
+    None
+}
+
+fn summarize_sandbox_policy(policy: &SandboxPolicy) -> String {
+    match policy {
+        SandboxPolicy::DangerFullAccess => "danger-full-access".to_string(),
+        SandboxPolicy::ReadOnly => "read-only".to_string(),
+        SandboxPolicy::WorkspaceWrite { network_access, .. } => {
+            let network = if *network_access {
+                "network"
+            } else {
+                "no-network"
+            };
+            format!("workspace-write (network_access={network})")
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn sandbox_roots_for_prompt(policy: &SandboxPolicy, cwd: &Path) -> Vec<PathBuf> {
+    let mut roots = vec![cwd.to_path_buf()];
+    if let SandboxPolicy::WorkspaceWrite { writable_roots, .. } = policy {
+        roots.extend(writable_roots.iter().cloned());
+    }
+    roots
+}
+
+fn sandbox_assessment_schema() -> serde_json::Value {
+    json!({
+        "type": "object",
+        "required": ["description", "risk_level", "risk_categories"],
+        "properties": {
+            "description": {
+                "type": "string",
+                "minLength": 1,
+                "maxLength": 500
+            },
+            "risk_level": {
+                "type": "string",
+                "enum": ["low", "medium", "high"]
+            },
+            "risk_categories": {
+                "type": "array",
+                "items": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "enum": SANDBOX_RISK_CATEGORY_VALUES
+                }
+            }
+        },
+        "additionalProperties": false
+    })
+}
+
+fn response_item_text(item: &ResponseItem) -> Option<String> {
+    match item {
+        ResponseItem::Message { content, .. } => {
+            let mut buffers: Vec<&str> = Vec::new();
+            for segment in content {
+                match segment {
+                    ContentItem::InputText { text } | ContentItem::OutputText { text } => {
+                        if !text.is_empty() {
+                            buffers.push(text);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    ContentItem::InputImage { .. } => {}
+                }
+            }
+            if buffers.is_empty() {
+                None
+            } else {
+                Some(buffers.join("\n"))
+            }
+        }
+        ResponseItem::FunctionCallOutput { output, .. } => Some(output.content.clone()),
+        _ => None,
+    }
+}
--- a/codex-rs/core/src/sandboxing/mod.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/core/src/sandboxing/mod.rs
@@ -5,6 +5,9 @@ Build platform wrappers and produce ExecEnv for execution. Owns low‑level
 sandbox placement and transformation of portable CommandSpec into a
 ready‑to‑spawn environment.
 */
+
+pub mod assessment;
+
 use crate::exec::ExecToolCallOutput;
 use crate::exec::SandboxType;
 use crate::exec::StdoutStream;
--- a/codex-rs/core/src/tools/orchestrator.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/core/src/tools/orchestrator.rs
@@ -7,9 +7,11 @@ retry without sandbox on denial (no re‑approval thanks to caching).
 */
 use crate::error::CodexErr;
 use crate::error::SandboxErr;
+use crate::error::get_error_message_ui;
 use crate::exec::ExecToolCallOutput;
 use crate::sandboxing::SandboxManager;
 use crate::tools::sandboxing::ApprovalCtx;
+use crate::tools::sandboxing::ProvidesSandboxRetryData;
 use crate::tools::sandboxing::SandboxAttempt;
 use crate::tools::sandboxing::ToolCtx;
 use crate::tools::sandboxing::ToolError;
@@ -38,6 +40,7 @@ impl ToolOrchestrator {
    ) -> Result<Out, ToolError>
    where
        T: ToolRuntime<Rq, Out>,
+        Rq: ProvidesSandboxRetryData,
    {
        let otel = turn_ctx.client.get_otel_event_manager();
        let otel_tn = &tool_ctx.tool_name;
@@ -56,6 +59,7 @@ impl ToolOrchestrator {
                turn: turn_ctx,
                call_id: &tool_ctx.call_id,
                retry_reason: None,
+                risk: None,
            };
            let decision = tool.start_approval_async(req, approval_ctx).await;

@@ -107,12 +111,33 @@ impl ToolOrchestrator {

                // Ask for approval before retrying without sandbox.
                if !tool.should_bypass_approval(approval_policy, already_approved) {
+                    let mut risk = None;
+
+                    if let Some(metadata) = req.sandbox_retry_data() {
+                        let err = SandboxErr::Denied {
+                            output: output.clone(),
+                        };
+                        let friendly = get_error_message_ui(&CodexErr::Sandbox(err));
+                        let failure_summary = format!("failed in sandbox: {friendly}");
+
+                        risk = tool_ctx
+                            .session
+                            .assess_sandbox_command(
+                                turn_ctx,
+                                &tool_ctx.call_id,
+                                &metadata.command,
+                                Some(failure_summary.as_str()),
+                            )
+                            .await;
+                    }
+
                    let reason_msg = build_denial_reason_from_output(output.as_ref());
                    let approval_ctx = ApprovalCtx {
                        session: tool_ctx.session,
                        turn: turn_ctx,
                        call_id: &tool_ctx.call_id,
                        retry_reason: Some(reason_msg),
+                        risk,
                    };

                    let decision = tool.start_approval_async(req, approval_ctx).await;
--- a/codex-rs/core/src/tools/runtimes/apply_patch.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/core/src/tools/runtimes/apply_patch.rs
@@ -10,7 +10,9 @@ use crate::sandboxing::CommandSpec;
 use crate::sandboxing::execute_env;
 use crate::tools::sandboxing::Approvable;
 use crate::tools::sandboxing::ApprovalCtx;
+use crate::tools::sandboxing::ProvidesSandboxRetryData;
 use crate::tools::sandboxing::SandboxAttempt;
+use crate::tools::sandboxing::SandboxRetryData;
 use crate::tools::sandboxing::Sandboxable;
 use crate::tools::sandboxing::SandboxablePreference;
 use crate::tools::sandboxing::ToolCtx;
@@ -32,6 +34,12 @@ pub struct ApplyPatchRequest {
    pub codex_exe: Option<PathBuf>,
 }

+impl ProvidesSandboxRetryData for ApplyPatchRequest {
+    fn sandbox_retry_data(&self) -> Option<SandboxRetryData> {
+        None
+    }
+}
+
 #[derive(Default)]
 pub struct ApplyPatchRuntime;

@@ -106,9 +114,10 @@ impl Approvable<ApplyPatchRequest> for ApplyPatchRuntime {
        let call_id = ctx.call_id.to_string();
        let cwd = req.cwd.clone();
        let retry_reason = ctx.retry_reason.clone();
+        let risk = ctx.risk.clone();
        let user_explicitly_approved = req.user_explicitly_approved;
        Box::pin(async move {
-            with_cached_approval(&session.services, key, || async move {
+            with_cached_approval(&session.services, key, move || async move {
                if let Some(reason) = retry_reason {
                    session
                        .request_command_approval(
@@ -117,6 +126,7 @@ impl Approvable<ApplyPatchRequest> for ApplyPatchRuntime {
                            vec!["apply_patch".to_string()],
                            cwd,
                            Some(reason),
+                            risk,
                        )
                        .await
                } else if user_explicitly_approved {
--- a/codex-rs/core/src/tools/runtimes/shell.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/core/src/tools/runtimes/shell.rs
@@ -12,7 +12,9 @@ use crate::sandboxing::execute_env;
 use crate::tools::runtimes::build_command_spec;
 use crate::tools::sandboxing::Approvable;
 use crate::tools::sandboxing::ApprovalCtx;
+use crate::tools::sandboxing::ProvidesSandboxRetryData;
 use crate::tools::sandboxing::SandboxAttempt;
+use crate::tools::sandboxing::SandboxRetryData;
 use crate::tools::sandboxing::Sandboxable;
 use crate::tools::sandboxing::SandboxablePreference;
 use crate::tools::sandboxing::ToolCtx;
@@ -34,6 +36,15 @@ pub struct ShellRequest {
    pub justification: Option<String>,
 }

+impl ProvidesSandboxRetryData for ShellRequest {
+    fn sandbox_retry_data(&self) -> Option<SandboxRetryData> {
+        Some(SandboxRetryData {
+            command: self.command.clone(),
+            cwd: self.cwd.clone(),
+        })
+    }
+}
+
 #[derive(Default)]
 pub struct ShellRuntime;

@@ -90,13 +101,14 @@ impl Approvable<ShellRequest> for ShellRuntime {
            .retry_reason
            .clone()
            .or_else(|| req.justification.clone());
+        let risk = ctx.risk.clone();
        let session = ctx.session;
        let turn = ctx.turn;
        let call_id = ctx.call_id.to_string();
        Box::pin(async move {
-            with_cached_approval(&session.services, key, || async move {
+            with_cached_approval(&session.services, key, move || async move {
                session
-                    .request_command_approval(turn, call_id, command, cwd, reason)
+                    .request_command_approval(turn, call_id, command, cwd, reason, risk)
                    .await
            })
            .await
--- a/codex-rs/core/src/tools/runtimes/unified_exec.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/core/src/tools/runtimes/unified_exec.rs
@@ -9,7 +9,9 @@ use crate::error::SandboxErr;
 use crate::tools::runtimes::build_command_spec;
 use crate::tools::sandboxing::Approvable;
 use crate::tools::sandboxing::ApprovalCtx;
+use crate::tools::sandboxing::ProvidesSandboxRetryData;
 use crate::tools::sandboxing::SandboxAttempt;
+use crate::tools::sandboxing::SandboxRetryData;
 use crate::tools::sandboxing::Sandboxable;
 use crate::tools::sandboxing::SandboxablePreference;
 use crate::tools::sandboxing::ToolCtx;
@@ -31,6 +33,15 @@ pub struct UnifiedExecRequest {
    pub env: HashMap<String, String>,
 }

+impl ProvidesSandboxRetryData for UnifiedExecRequest {
+    fn sandbox_retry_data(&self) -> Option<SandboxRetryData> {
+        Some(SandboxRetryData {
+            command: self.command.clone(),
+            cwd: self.cwd.clone(),
+        })
+    }
+}
+
 #[derive(serde::Serialize, Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
 pub struct UnifiedExecApprovalKey {
    pub command: Vec<String>,
@@ -85,10 +96,11 @@ impl Approvable<UnifiedExecRequest> for UnifiedExecRuntime<'_> {
        let command = req.command.clone();
        let cwd = req.cwd.clone();
        let reason = ctx.retry_reason.clone();
+        let risk = ctx.risk.clone();
        Box::pin(async move {
            with_cached_approval(&session.services, key, || async move {
                session
-                    .request_command_approval(turn, call_id, command, cwd, reason)
+                    .request_command_approval(turn, call_id, command, cwd, reason, risk)
                    .await
            })
            .await
--- a/codex-rs/core/src/tools/sandboxing.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/core/src/tools/sandboxing.rs
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 use crate::codex::Session;
 use crate::codex::TurnContext;
 use crate::error::CodexErr;
+use crate::protocol::SandboxCommandAssessment;
 use crate::protocol::SandboxPolicy;
 use crate::sandboxing::CommandSpec;
 use crate::sandboxing::SandboxManager;
@@ -18,6 +19,7 @@ use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::fmt::Debug;
 use std::hash::Hash;
 use std::path::Path;
+use std::path::PathBuf;

 use futures::Future;
 use futures::future::BoxFuture;
@@ -81,6 +83,7 @@ pub(crate) struct ApprovalCtx<'a> {
    pub turn: &'a TurnContext,
    pub call_id: &'a str,
    pub retry_reason: Option<String>,
+    pub risk: Option<SandboxCommandAssessment>,
 }

 pub(crate) trait Approvable<Req> {
@@ -156,6 +159,17 @@ pub(crate) struct ToolCtx<'a> {
    pub tool_name: String,
 }

+/// Captures the command metadata needed to re-run a tool request without sandboxing.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub(crate) struct SandboxRetryData {
+    pub command: Vec<String>,
+    pub cwd: PathBuf,
+}
+
+pub(crate) trait ProvidesSandboxRetryData {
+    fn sandbox_retry_data(&self) -> Option<SandboxRetryData>;
+}
+
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub(crate) enum ToolError {
    Rejected(String),
--- a/codex-rs/core/templates/sandboxing/assessment_prompt.md
+++ b/codex-rs/core/templates/sandboxing/assessment_prompt.md
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+You are a security analyst evaluating shell commands that were blocked by a sandbox. Given the provided metadata, summarize the command's likely intent and assess the risk. Return strictly valid JSON with the keys:
+- description (concise summary, at most two sentences)
+- risk_level ("low", "medium", or "high")
+- risk_categories (optional array of zero or more category strings)
+Risk level examples:
+- low: read-only inspections, listing files, printing configuration
+- medium: modifying project files, installing dependencies, fetching artifacts from trusted sources
+- high: deleting or overwriting data, exfiltrating secrets, escalating privileges, or disabling security controls
+Recognized risk_categories: data_deletion, data_exfiltration, privilege_escalation, system_modification, network_access, resource_exhaustion, compliance.
+Use multiple categories when appropriate.
+If information is insufficient, choose the most cautious risk level supported by the evidence.
+Respond with JSON only, without markdown code fences or extra commentary.
+
+---
+
+Command metadata:
+Platform: {{ platform }}
+Sandbox policy: {{ sandbox_policy }}
+{% if let Some(roots) = filesystem_roots %}
+Filesystem roots: {{ roots }}
+{% endif %}
+Working directory: {{ working_directory }}
+Command argv: {{ command_argv }}
+Command (joined): {{ command_joined }}
+{% if let Some(message) = sandbox_failure_message %}
+Sandbox failure message: {{ message }}
+{% endif %}
--- a/codex-rs/core/tests/suite/client.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/core/tests/suite/client.rs
@@ -247,7 +247,11 @@ async fn resume_includes_initial_messages_and_sends_prior_items() {
        session_configured,
        ..
    } = conversation_manager
-        .resume_conversation_from_rollout(config, session_path.clone(), auth_manager)
+        .resume_conversation_from_rollout(
+            config.clone(),
+            session_path.clone(),
+            auth_manager.clone(),
+        )
        .await
        .expect("resume conversation");

@@ -260,6 +264,23 @@ async fn resume_includes_initial_messages_and_sends_prior_items() {
    let expected_initial_json = json!([]);
    assert_eq!(initial_json, expected_initial_json);

+    let NewConversation {
+        conversation: codex_again,
+        session_configured: session_configured_again,
+        ..
+    } = conversation_manager
+        .resume_conversation_from_rollout(
+            config.clone(),
+            session_path.clone(),
+            auth_manager.clone(),
+        )
+        .await
+        .expect("resume existing conversation");
+    assert!(Arc::ptr_eq(&codex, &codex_again));
+    let session_configured_json = serde_json::to_value(&session_configured).unwrap();
+    let session_configured_again_json = serde_json::to_value(&session_configured_again).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(session_configured_json, session_configured_again_json);
+
    // 2) Submit new input; the request body must include the prior item followed by the new user input.
    codex
        .submit(Op::UserInput {
--- a/codex-rs/exec/src/lib.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/exec/src/lib.rs
@@ -179,6 +179,7 @@ pub async fn run_main(cli: Cli, codex_linux_sandbox_exe: Option<PathBuf>) -> any
        include_view_image_tool: None,
        show_raw_agent_reasoning: oss.then_some(true),
        tools_web_search_request: None,
+        experimental_sandbox_command_assessment: None,
        additional_writable_roots: Vec::new(),
    };
    // Parse `-c` overrides.
--- a/codex-rs/mcp-server/src/codex_tool_config.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/mcp-server/src/codex_tool_config.rs
@@ -158,6 +158,7 @@ impl CodexToolCallParam {
            include_view_image_tool: None,
            show_raw_agent_reasoning: None,
            tools_web_search_request: None,
+            experimental_sandbox_command_assessment: None,
            additional_writable_roots: Vec::new(),
        };

--- a/codex-rs/mcp-server/src/codex_tool_runner.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/mcp-server/src/codex_tool_runner.rs
@@ -178,6 +178,7 @@ async fn run_codex_tool_session_inner(
                        cwd,
                        call_id,
                        reason: _,
+                        risk,
                        parsed_cmd,
                    }) => {
                        handle_exec_approval_request(
@@ -190,6 +191,7 @@ async fn run_codex_tool_session_inner(
                            event.id.clone(),
                            call_id,
                            parsed_cmd,
+                            risk,
                        )
                        .await;
                        continue;
--- a/codex-rs/mcp-server/src/exec_approval.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/mcp-server/src/exec_approval.rs
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 use codex_core::CodexConversation;
 use codex_core::protocol::Op;
 use codex_core::protocol::ReviewDecision;
+use codex_core::protocol::SandboxCommandAssessment;
 use codex_protocol::parse_command::ParsedCommand;
 use mcp_types::ElicitRequest;
 use mcp_types::ElicitRequestParamsRequestedSchema;
@@ -37,6 +38,8 @@ pub struct ExecApprovalElicitRequestParams {
    pub codex_command: Vec<String>,
    pub codex_cwd: PathBuf,
    pub codex_parsed_cmd: Vec<ParsedCommand>,
+    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+    pub codex_risk: Option<SandboxCommandAssessment>,
 }

 // TODO(mbolin): ExecApprovalResponse does not conform to ElicitResult. See:
@@ -59,6 +62,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn handle_exec_approval_request(
    event_id: String,
    call_id: String,
    codex_parsed_cmd: Vec<ParsedCommand>,
+    codex_risk: Option<SandboxCommandAssessment>,
 ) {
    let escaped_command =
        shlex::try_join(command.iter().map(String::as_str)).unwrap_or_else(|_| command.join(" "));
@@ -81,6 +85,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn handle_exec_approval_request(
        codex_command: command,
        codex_cwd: cwd,
        codex_parsed_cmd,
+        codex_risk,
    };
    let params_json = match serde_json::to_value(&params) {
        Ok(value) => value,
--- a/codex-rs/mcp-server/tests/suite/codex_tool.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/mcp-server/tests/suite/codex_tool.rs
@@ -196,6 +196,7 @@ fn create_expected_elicitation_request(
            codex_cwd: workdir.to_path_buf(),
            codex_call_id: "call1234".to_string(),
            codex_parsed_cmd,
+            codex_risk: None,
        })?),
    })
 }
--- a/codex-rs/otel/src/otel_event_manager.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/otel/src/otel_event_manager.rs
@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ use codex_protocol::models::ResponseItem;
 use codex_protocol::protocol::AskForApproval;
 use codex_protocol::protocol::ReviewDecision;
 use codex_protocol::protocol::SandboxPolicy;
+use codex_protocol::protocol::SandboxRiskCategory;
+use codex_protocol::protocol::SandboxRiskLevel;
 use codex_protocol::user_input::UserInput;
 use eventsource_stream::Event as StreamEvent;
 use eventsource_stream::EventStreamError as StreamError;
@@ -366,6 +368,63 @@ impl OtelEventManager {
        );
    }

+    pub fn sandbox_assessment(
+        &self,
+        call_id: &str,
+        status: &str,
+        risk_level: Option<SandboxRiskLevel>,
+        risk_categories: &[SandboxRiskCategory],
+        duration: Duration,
+    ) {
+        let level = risk_level.map(|level| level.as_str());
+        let categories = if risk_categories.is_empty() {
+            String::new()
+        } else {
+            risk_categories
+                .iter()
+                .map(SandboxRiskCategory::as_str)
+                .collect::<Vec<_>>()
+                .join(", ")
+        };
+
+        tracing::event!(
+            tracing::Level::INFO,
+            event.name = "codex.sandbox_assessment",
+            event.timestamp = %timestamp(),
+            conversation.id = %self.metadata.conversation_id,
+            app.version = %self.metadata.app_version,
+            auth_mode = self.metadata.auth_mode,
+            user.account_id = self.metadata.account_id,
+            user.email = self.metadata.account_email,
+            terminal.type = %self.metadata.terminal_type,
+            model = %self.metadata.model,
+            slug = %self.metadata.slug,
+            call_id = %call_id,
+            status = %status,
+            risk_level = level,
+            risk_categories = categories,
+            duration_ms = %duration.as_millis(),
+        );
+    }
+
+    pub fn sandbox_assessment_latency(&self, call_id: &str, duration: Duration) {
+        tracing::event!(
+            tracing::Level::INFO,
+            event.name = "codex.sandbox_assessment_latency",
+            event.timestamp = %timestamp(),
+            conversation.id = %self.metadata.conversation_id,
+            app.version = %self.metadata.app_version,
+            auth_mode = self.metadata.auth_mode,
+            user.account_id = self.metadata.account_id,
+            user.email = self.metadata.account_email,
+            terminal.type = %self.metadata.terminal_type,
+            model = %self.metadata.model,
+            slug = %self.metadata.slug,
+            call_id = %call_id,
+            duration_ms = %duration.as_millis(),
+        );
+    }
+
    pub async fn log_tool_result<F, Fut, E>(
        &self,
        tool_name: &str,
--- a/codex-rs/protocol/src/approvals.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/protocol/src/approvals.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::path::PathBuf;
+
+use crate::parse_command::ParsedCommand;
+use crate::protocol::FileChange;
+use schemars::JsonSchema;
+use serde::Deserialize;
+use serde::Serialize;
+use ts_rs::TS;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Deserialize, Serialize, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, JsonSchema, TS)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "snake_case")]
+pub enum SandboxRiskLevel {
+    Low,
+    Medium,
+    High,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Deserialize, Serialize, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, JsonSchema, TS)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "snake_case")]
+pub enum SandboxRiskCategory {
+    DataDeletion,
+    DataExfiltration,
+    PrivilegeEscalation,
+    SystemModification,
+    NetworkAccess,
+    ResourceExhaustion,
+    Compliance,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize, Serialize, PartialEq, Eq, JsonSchema, TS)]
+pub struct SandboxCommandAssessment {
+    pub description: String,
+    pub risk_level: SandboxRiskLevel,
+    #[serde(default, skip_serializing_if = "Vec::is_empty")]
+    pub risk_categories: Vec<SandboxRiskCategory>,
+}
+
+impl SandboxRiskLevel {
+    pub fn as_str(&self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            Self::Low => "low",
+            Self::Medium => "medium",
+            Self::High => "high",
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl SandboxRiskCategory {
+    pub fn as_str(&self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            Self::DataDeletion => "data_deletion",
+            Self::DataExfiltration => "data_exfiltration",
+            Self::PrivilegeEscalation => "privilege_escalation",
+            Self::SystemModification => "system_modification",
+            Self::NetworkAccess => "network_access",
+            Self::ResourceExhaustion => "resource_exhaustion",
+            Self::Compliance => "compliance",
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize, Serialize, JsonSchema, TS)]
+pub struct ExecApprovalRequestEvent {
+    /// Identifier for the associated exec call, if available.
+    pub call_id: String,
+    /// The command to be executed.
+    pub command: Vec<String>,
+    /// The command's working directory.
+    pub cwd: PathBuf,
+    /// Optional human-readable reason for the approval (e.g. retry without sandbox).
+    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+    pub reason: Option<String>,
+    /// Optional model-provided risk assessment describing the blocked command.
+    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+    pub risk: Option<SandboxCommandAssessment>,
+    pub parsed_cmd: Vec<ParsedCommand>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize, Serialize, JsonSchema, TS)]
+pub struct ApplyPatchApprovalRequestEvent {
+    /// Responses API call id for the associated patch apply call, if available.
+    pub call_id: String,
+    pub changes: HashMap<PathBuf, FileChange>,
+    /// Optional explanatory reason (e.g. request for extra write access).
+    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+    pub reason: Option<String>,
+    /// When set, the agent is asking the user to allow writes under this root for the remainder of the session.
+    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+    pub grant_root: Option<PathBuf>,
+}
--- a/codex-rs/protocol/src/lib.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/protocol/src/lib.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 pub mod account;
 mod conversation_id;
 pub use conversation_id::ConversationId;
+pub mod approvals;
 pub mod config_types;
 pub mod custom_prompts;
 pub mod items;
--- a/codex-rs/protocol/src/protocol.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/protocol/src/protocol.rs
@@ -34,6 +34,12 @@ use serde_with::serde_as;
 use strum_macros::Display;
 use ts_rs::TS;

+pub use crate::approvals::ApplyPatchApprovalRequestEvent;
+pub use crate::approvals::ExecApprovalRequestEvent;
+pub use crate::approvals::SandboxCommandAssessment;
+pub use crate::approvals::SandboxRiskCategory;
+pub use crate::approvals::SandboxRiskLevel;
+
 /// Open/close tags for special user-input blocks. Used across crates to avoid
 /// duplicated hardcoded strings.
 pub const USER_INSTRUCTIONS_OPEN_TAG: &str = "<user_instructions>";
@@ -1126,33 +1132,6 @@ pub struct ExecCommandOutputDeltaEvent {
    pub chunk: Vec<u8>,
 }

-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize, Serialize, JsonSchema, TS)]
-pub struct ExecApprovalRequestEvent {
-    /// Identifier for the associated exec call, if available.
-    pub call_id: String,
-    /// The command to be executed.
-    pub command: Vec<String>,
-    /// The command's working directory.
-    pub cwd: PathBuf,
-    /// Optional human-readable reason for the approval (e.g. retry without sandbox).
-    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
-    pub reason: Option<String>,
-    pub parsed_cmd: Vec<ParsedCommand>,
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize, Serialize, JsonSchema, TS)]
-pub struct ApplyPatchApprovalRequestEvent {
-    /// Responses API call id for the associated patch apply call, if available.
-    pub call_id: String,
-    pub changes: HashMap<PathBuf, FileChange>,
-    /// Optional explanatory reason (e.g. request for extra write access).
-    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
-    pub reason: Option<String>,
-    /// When set, the agent is asking the user to allow writes under this root for the remainder of the session.
-    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
-    pub grant_root: Option<PathBuf>,
-}
-
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize, Serialize, JsonSchema, TS)]
 pub struct BackgroundEventEvent {
    pub message: String,
--- a/codex-rs/tui/src/bottom_pane/approval_overlay.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/tui/src/bottom_pane/approval_overlay.rs
@@ -19,6 +19,9 @@ use crate::render::renderable::Renderable;
 use codex_core::protocol::FileChange;
 use codex_core::protocol::Op;
 use codex_core::protocol::ReviewDecision;
+use codex_core::protocol::SandboxCommandAssessment;
+use codex_core::protocol::SandboxRiskCategory;
+use codex_core::protocol::SandboxRiskLevel;
 use crossterm::event::KeyCode;
 use crossterm::event::KeyEvent;
 use crossterm::event::KeyEventKind;
@@ -38,6 +41,7 @@ pub(crate) enum ApprovalRequest {
        id: String,
        command: Vec<String>,
        reason: Option<String>,
+        risk: Option<SandboxCommandAssessment>,
    },
    ApplyPatch {
        id: String,
@@ -285,12 +289,17 @@ impl From<ApprovalRequest> for ApprovalRequestState {
                id,
                command,
                reason,
+                risk,
            } => {
+                let reason = reason.filter(|item| !item.is_empty());
+                let has_reason = reason.is_some();
                let mut header: Vec<Line<'static>> = Vec::new();
-                if let Some(reason) = reason
-                    && !reason.is_empty()
-                {
+                if let Some(reason) = reason {
                    header.push(Line::from(vec!["Reason: ".into(), reason.italic()]));
+                }
+                if let Some(risk) = risk.as_ref() {
+                    header.extend(render_risk_lines(risk));
+                } else if has_reason {
                    header.push(Line::from(""));
                }
                let full_cmd = strip_bash_lc_and_escape(&command);
@@ -330,6 +339,52 @@ impl From<ApprovalRequest> for ApprovalRequestState {
    }
 }

+fn render_risk_lines(risk: &SandboxCommandAssessment) -> Vec<Line<'static>> {
+    let level_span = match risk.risk_level {
+        SandboxRiskLevel::Low => "LOW".green().bold(),
+        SandboxRiskLevel::Medium => "MEDIUM".cyan().bold(),
+        SandboxRiskLevel::High => "HIGH".red().bold(),
+    };
+
+    let mut lines = Vec::new();
+
+    let description = risk.description.trim();
+    if !description.is_empty() {
+        lines.push(Line::from(vec![
+            "Summary: ".into(),
+            description.to_string().into(),
+        ]));
+    }
+
+    let mut spans: Vec<Span<'static>> = vec!["Risk: ".into(), level_span];
+    if !risk.risk_categories.is_empty() {
+        spans.push(" (".into());
+        for (idx, category) in risk.risk_categories.iter().enumerate() {
+            if idx > 0 {
+                spans.push(", ".into());
+            }
+            spans.push(risk_category_label(*category).into());
+        }
+        spans.push(")".into());
+    }
+
+    lines.push(Line::from(spans));
+    lines.push(Line::from(""));
+    lines
+}
+
+fn risk_category_label(category: SandboxRiskCategory) -> &'static str {
+    match category {
+        SandboxRiskCategory::DataDeletion => "data deletion",
+        SandboxRiskCategory::DataExfiltration => "data exfiltration",
+        SandboxRiskCategory::PrivilegeEscalation => "privilege escalation",
+        SandboxRiskCategory::SystemModification => "system modification",
+        SandboxRiskCategory::NetworkAccess => "network access",
+        SandboxRiskCategory::ResourceExhaustion => "resource exhaustion",
+        SandboxRiskCategory::Compliance => "compliance",
+    }
+}
+
 #[derive(Clone)]
 enum ApprovalVariant {
    Exec { id: String, command: Vec<String> },
@@ -404,6 +459,7 @@ mod tests {
            id: "test".to_string(),
            command: vec!["echo".to_string(), "hi".to_string()],
            reason: Some("reason".to_string()),
+            risk: None,
        }
    }

@@ -445,6 +501,7 @@ mod tests {
            id: "test".into(),
            command,
            reason: None,
+            risk: None,
        };

        let view = ApprovalOverlay::new(exec_request, tx);
--- a/codex-rs/tui/src/bottom_pane/mod.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/tui/src/bottom_pane/mod.rs
@@ -557,6 +557,7 @@ mod tests {
            id: "1".to_string(),
            command: vec!["echo".into(), "ok".into()],
            reason: None,
+            risk: None,
        }
    }

--- a/codex-rs/tui/src/chatwidget.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/tui/src/chatwidget.rs
@@ -777,6 +777,7 @@ impl ChatWidget {
            id,
            command: ev.command,
            reason: ev.reason,
+            risk: ev.risk,
        };
        self.bottom_pane.push_approval_request(request);
        self.request_redraw();
--- a/codex-rs/tui/src/chatwidget/tests.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/tui/src/chatwidget/tests.rs
@@ -402,6 +402,7 @@ fn exec_approval_emits_proposed_command_and_decision_history() {
        reason: Some(
            "this is a test reason such as one that would be produced by the model".into(),
        ),
+        risk: None,
        parsed_cmd: vec![],
    };
    chat.handle_codex_event(Event {
@@ -444,6 +445,7 @@ fn exec_approval_decision_truncates_multiline_and_long_commands() {
        reason: Some(
            "this is a test reason such as one that would be produced by the model".into(),
        ),
+        risk: None,
        parsed_cmd: vec![],
    };
    chat.handle_codex_event(Event {
@@ -492,6 +494,7 @@ fn exec_approval_decision_truncates_multiline_and_long_commands() {
        command: vec!["bash".into(), "-lc".into(), long],
        cwd: std::env::current_dir().unwrap_or_else(|_| PathBuf::from(".")),
        reason: None,
+        risk: None,
        parsed_cmd: vec![],
    };
    chat.handle_codex_event(Event {
@@ -1421,6 +1424,7 @@ fn approval_modal_exec_snapshot() {
        reason: Some(
            "this is a test reason such as one that would be produced by the model".into(),
        ),
+        risk: None,
        parsed_cmd: vec![],
    };
    chat.handle_codex_event(Event {
@@ -1465,6 +1469,7 @@ fn approval_modal_exec_without_reason_snapshot() {
        command: vec!["bash".into(), "-lc".into(), "echo hello world".into()],
        cwd: std::env::current_dir().unwrap_or_else(|_| PathBuf::from(".")),
        reason: None,
+        risk: None,
        parsed_cmd: vec![],
    };
    chat.handle_codex_event(Event {
@@ -1675,6 +1680,7 @@ fn status_widget_and_approval_modal_snapshot() {
        reason: Some(
            "this is a test reason such as one that would be produced by the model".into(),
        ),
+        risk: None,
        parsed_cmd: vec![],
    };
    chat.handle_codex_event(Event {
--- a/codex-rs/tui/src/lib.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/tui/src/lib.rs
@@ -148,6 +148,7 @@ pub async fn run_main(
        include_view_image_tool: None,
        show_raw_agent_reasoning: cli.oss.then_some(true),
        tools_web_search_request: cli.web_search.then_some(true),
+        experimental_sandbox_command_assessment: None,
        additional_writable_roots: additional_dirs,
    };
    let raw_overrides = cli.config_overrides.raw_overrides.clone();