Correct the lablels to set

This pull request improves the VS Code issue template.

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/5-vs-code-extension.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+name: 🧑‍💻 VS Code Extension
+description: Report an issue with the VS Code extension
+labels:
+  - codex-ide
+body:
+  - type: markdown
+    attributes:
+      value: |
+        Before submitting a new issue, please search for existing issues to see if your issue has already been reported.
+        If it has, please add a 👍 reaction (no need to leave a comment) to the existing issue instead of creating a new one.
+
+  - type: input
+    id: version
+    attributes:
+      label: What version of the VS Code extension are you using?
+  - type: input
+    id: ide
+    attributes:
+      label: Which IDE are you using?
+      description: Like `VS Code`, `Cursor`, `Windsurf`, etc.
+  - type: input
+    id: platform
+    attributes:
+      label: What platform is your computer?
+      description: |
+        For MacOS and Linux: copy the output of `uname -mprs`
+        For Windows: copy the output of `"$([Environment]::OSVersion | ForEach-Object VersionString) $(if ([Environment]::Is64BitOperatingSystem) { "x64" } else { "x86" })"` in the PowerShell console
+  - type: textarea
+    id: steps
+    attributes:
+      label: What steps can reproduce the bug?
+      description: Explain the bug and provide a code snippet that can reproduce it.
+    validations:
+      required: true
+  - type: textarea
+    id: expected
+    attributes:
+      label: What is the expected behavior?
+      description: If possible, please provide text instead of a screenshot.
+  - type: textarea
+    id: actual
+    attributes:
+      label: What do you see instead?
+      description: If possible, please provide text instead of a screenshot.
+  - type: textarea
+    id: notes
+    attributes:
+      label: Additional information
+      description: Is there anything else you think we should know?

.github/actions/codex/.gitignore

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-/node_modules/

.github/actions/codex/.prettierrc.toml

@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-printWidth = 80
-quoteProps = "consistent"
-semi = true
-tabWidth = 2
-trailingComma = "all"
-
-# Preserve existing behavior for markdown/text wrapping.
-proseWrap = "preserve"

.github/actions/codex/README.md

@@ -1,140 +0,0 @@
-# openai/codex-action
-
-`openai/codex-action` is a GitHub Action that facilitates the use of [Codex](https://github.com/openai/codex) on GitHub issues and pull requests. Using the action, associate **labels** to run Codex with the appropriate prompt for the given context. Codex will respond by posting comments or creating PRs, whichever you specify!
-
-Here is a sample workflow that uses `openai/codex-action`:
-
-```yaml
-name: Codex
-
-on:
-  issues:
-    types: [opened, labeled]
-  pull_request:
-    branches: [main]
-    types: [labeled]
-
-jobs:
-  codex:
-    if: ... # optional, but can be effective in conserving CI resources
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    # TODO(mbolin): Need to verify if/when `write` is necessary.
-    permissions:
-      contents: write
-      issues: write
-      pull-requests: write
-    steps:
-      # By default, Codex runs network disabled using --full-auto, so perform
-      # any setup that requires network (such as installing dependencies)
-      # before openai/codex-action.
-      - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
-
-      - name: Run Codex
-        uses: openai/codex-action@latest
-        with:
-          openai_api_key: ${{ secrets.CODEX_OPENAI_API_KEY }}
-          github_token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-```
-
-See sample usage in [`codex.yml`](../../workflows/codex.yml).
-
-## Triggering the Action
-
-Using the sample workflow above, we have:
-
-```yaml
-on:
-  issues:
-    types: [opened, labeled]
-  pull_request:
-    branches: [main]
-    types: [labeled]
-```
-
-which means our workflow will be triggered when any of the following events occur:
-
-- a label is added to an issue
-- a label is added to a pull request against the `main` branch
-
-### Label-Based Triggers
-
-To define a GitHub label that should trigger Codex, create a file named `.github/codex/labels/LABEL-NAME.md` in your repository where `LABEL-NAME` is the name of the label. The content of the file is the prompt template to use when the label is added (see more on [Prompt Template Variables](#prompt-template-variables) below).
-
-For example, if the file `.github/codex/labels/codex-review.md` exists, then:
-
-- Adding the `codex-review` label will trigger the workflow containing the `openai/codex-action` GitHub Action.
-- When `openai/codex-action` starts, it will replace the `codex-review` label with `codex-review-in-progress`.
-- When `openai/codex-action` is finished, it will replace the `codex-review-in-progress` label with `codex-review-completed`.
-
-If Codex sees that either `codex-review-in-progress` or `codex-review-completed` is already present, it will not perform the action.
-
-As determined by the [default config](./src/default-label-config.ts), Codex will act on the following labels by default:
-
-- Adding the `codex-review` label to a pull request will have Codex review the PR and add it to the PR as a comment.
-- Adding the `codex-triage` label to an issue will have Codex investigate the issue and report its findings as a comment.
-- Adding the `codex-issue-fix` label to an issue will have Codex attempt to fix the issue and create a PR wit the fix, if any.
-
-## Action Inputs
-
-The `openai/codex-action` GitHub Action takes the following inputs
-
-### `openai_api_key` (required)
-
-Set your `OPENAI_API_KEY` as a [repository secret](https://docs.github.com/en/actions/security-for-github-actions/security-guides/using-secrets-in-github-actions). See **Secrets and varaibles** then **Actions** in the settings for your GitHub repo.
-
-Note that the secret name does not have to be `OPENAI_API_KEY`. For example, you might want to name it `CODEX_OPENAI_API_KEY` and then configure it on `openai/codex-action` as follows:
-
-```yaml
-openai_api_key: ${{ secrets.CODEX_OPENAI_API_KEY }}
-```
-
-### `github_token` (required)
-
-This is required so that Codex can post a comment or create a PR. Set this value on the action as follows:
-
-```yaml
-github_token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-```
-
-### `codex_args`
-
-A whitespace-delimited list of arguments to pass to Codex. Defaults to `--full-auto`, but if you want to override the default model to use `o3`:
-
-```yaml
-codex_args: "--full-auto --model o3"
-```
-
-For more complex configurations, use the `codex_home` input.
-
-### `codex_home`
-
-If set, the value to use for the `$CODEX_HOME` environment variable when running Codex. As explained [in the docs](https://github.com/openai/codex/tree/main/codex-rs#readme), this folder can contain the `config.toml` to configure Codex, custom instructions, and log files.
-
-This should be a relative path within your repo.
-
-## Prompt Template Variables
-
-As shown above, `"prompt"` and `"promptPath"` are used to define prompt templates that will be populated and passed to Codex in response to certain events. All template variables are of the form `{CODEX_ACTION_...}` and the supported values are defined below.
-
-### `CODEX_ACTION_ISSUE_TITLE`
-
-If the action was triggered on a GitHub issue, this is the issue title.
-
-Specifically it is read as the `.issue.title` from the `$GITHUB_EVENT_PATH`.
-
-### `CODEX_ACTION_ISSUE_BODY`
-
-If the action was triggered on a GitHub issue, this is the issue body.
-
-Specifically it is read as the `.issue.body` from the `$GITHUB_EVENT_PATH`.
-
-### `CODEX_ACTION_GITHUB_EVENT_PATH`
-
-The value of the `$GITHUB_EVENT_PATH` environment variable, which is the path to the file that contains the JSON payload for the event that triggered the workflow. Codex can use `jq` to read only the fields of interest from this file.
-
-### `CODEX_ACTION_PR_DIFF`
-
-If the action was triggered on a pull request, this is the diff between the base and head commits of the PR. It is the output from `git diff`.
-
-Note that the content of the diff could be quite large, so is generally safer to point Codex at `CODEX_ACTION_GITHUB_EVENT_PATH` and let it decide how it wants to explore the change.

.github/actions/codex/action.yml

@@ -1,125 +0,0 @@
-name: "Codex [reusable action]"
-description: "A reusable action that runs a Codex model."
-
-inputs:
-  openai_api_key:
-    description: "The value to use as the OPENAI_API_KEY environment variable when running Codex."
-    required: true
-  trigger_phrase:
-    description: "Text to trigger Codex from a PR/issue body or comment."
-    required: false
-    default: ""
-  github_token:
-    description: "Token so Codex can comment on the PR or issue."
-    required: true
-  codex_args:
-    description: "A whitespace-delimited list of arguments to pass to Codex. Due to limitations in YAML, arguments with spaces are not supported. For more complex configurations, use the `codex_home` input."
-    required: false
-    default: "--config hide_agent_reasoning=true --full-auto"
-  codex_home:
-    description: "Value to use as the CODEX_HOME environment variable when running Codex."
-    required: false
-  codex_release_tag:
-    description: "The release tag of the Codex model to run, e.g., 'rust-v0.3.0'. Defaults to the latest release."
-    required: false
-    default: ""
-
-runs:
-  using: "composite"
-  steps:
-    # Do this in Bash so we do not even bother to install Bun if the sender does
-    # not have write access to the repo.
-    - name: Verify user has write access to the repo.
-      env:
-        GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
-      shell: bash
-      run: |
-        set -euo pipefail
-
-        PERMISSION=$(gh api \
-          "/repos/${GITHUB_REPOSITORY}/collaborators/${{ github.event.sender.login }}/permission" \
-          | jq -r '.permission')
-
-        if [[ "$PERMISSION" != "admin" && "$PERMISSION" != "write" ]]; then
-          exit 1
-        fi
-
-    - name: Download Codex
-      env:
-        GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
-      shell: bash
-      run: |
-        set -euo pipefail
-
-        # Determine OS/arch and corresponding Codex artifact name.
-        uname_s=$(uname -s)
-        uname_m=$(uname -m)
-
-        case "$uname_s" in
-          Linux*)   os="linux" ;;
-          Darwin*)  os="apple-darwin" ;;
-          *) echo "Unsupported operating system: $uname_s"; exit 1 ;;
-        esac
-
-        case "$uname_m" in
-          x86_64*) arch="x86_64" ;;
-          arm64*|aarch64*) arch="aarch64" ;;
-          *) echo "Unsupported architecture: $uname_m"; exit 1 ;;
-        esac
-
-        # linux builds differentiate between musl and gnu.
-        if [[ "$os" == "linux" ]]; then
-          if [[ "$arch" == "x86_64" ]]; then
-            triple="${arch}-unknown-linux-musl"
-          else
-            # Only other supported linux build is aarch64 gnu.
-            triple="${arch}-unknown-linux-gnu"
-          fi
-        else
-          # macOS
-          triple="${arch}-apple-darwin"
-        fi
-
-        # Note that if we start baking version numbers into the artifact name,
-        # we will need to update this action.yml file to match.
-        artifact="codex-${triple}.tar.gz"
-
-        TAG_ARG="${{ inputs.codex_release_tag }}"
-        # The usage is `gh release download [<tag>] [flags]`, so if TAG_ARG
-        # is empty, we do not pass it so we can default to the latest release.
-        gh release download ${TAG_ARG:+$TAG_ARG} --repo openai/codex \
-          --pattern "$artifact" --output - \
-        | tar xzO > /usr/local/bin/codex
-        chmod +x /usr/local/bin/codex
-
-        # Display Codex version to confirm binary integrity.
-        codex --version
-
-    - name: Install Bun
-      uses: oven-sh/setup-bun@v2
-      with:
-        bun-version: 1.2.11
-
-    - name: Install dependencies
-      shell: bash
-      run: |
-        cd ${{ github.action_path }}
-        bun install --production
-
-    - name: Run Codex
-      shell: bash
-      run: bun run ${{ github.action_path }}/src/main.ts
-      # Process args plus environment variables often have a max of 128 KiB,
-      # so we should fit within that limit?
-      env:
-        INPUT_CODEX_ARGS: ${{ inputs.codex_args || '' }}
-        INPUT_CODEX_HOME: ${{ inputs.codex_home || ''}}
-        INPUT_TRIGGER_PHRASE: ${{ inputs.trigger_phrase || '' }}
-        OPENAI_API_KEY: ${{ inputs.openai_api_key }}
-        GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ inputs.github_token }}
-        GITHUB_EVENT_ACTION: ${{ github.event.action || '' }}
-        GITHUB_EVENT_LABEL_NAME: ${{ github.event.label.name || '' }}
-        GITHUB_EVENT_ISSUE_NUMBER: ${{ github.event.issue.number || '' }}
-        GITHUB_EVENT_ISSUE_BODY: ${{ github.event.issue.body || '' }}
-        GITHUB_EVENT_REVIEW_BODY: ${{ github.event.review.body || '' }}
-        GITHUB_EVENT_COMMENT_BODY: ${{ github.event.comment.body || '' }}

.github/actions/codex/bun.lock

@@ -1,91 +0,0 @@
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-
-    "undici-types": ["undici-types@7.10.0", "", {}, "sha512-t5Fy/nfn+14LuOc2KNYg75vZqClpAiqscVvMygNnlsHBFpSXdJaYtXMcdNLpl/Qvc3P2cB3s6lOV51nqsFq4ag=="],
-
-    "universal-user-agent": ["universal-user-agent@6.0.1", "", {}, "sha512-yCzhz6FN2wU1NiiQRogkTQszlQSlpWaw8SvVegAc+bDxbzHgh1vX8uIe8OYyMH6DwH+sdTJsgMl36+mSMdRJIQ=="],
-
-    "wrappy": ["wrappy@1.0.2", "", {}, "sha512-l4Sp/DRseor9wL6EvV2+TuQn63dMkPjZ/sp9XkghTEbV9KlPS1xUsZ3u7/IQO4wxtcFB4bgpQPRcR3QCvezPcQ=="],
-
-    "@octokit/plugin-paginate-rest/@octokit/types": ["@octokit/types@12.6.0", "", { "dependencies": { "@octokit/openapi-types": "^20.0.0" } }, "sha512-1rhSOfRa6H9w4YwK0yrf5faDaDTb+yLyBUKOCV4xtCDB5VmIPqd/v9yr9o6SAzOAlRxMiRiCic6JVM1/kunVkw=="],
-
-    "@octokit/plugin-rest-endpoint-methods/@octokit/types": ["@octokit/types@12.6.0", "", { "dependencies": { "@octokit/openapi-types": "^20.0.0" } }, "sha512-1rhSOfRa6H9w4YwK0yrf5faDaDTb+yLyBUKOCV4xtCDB5VmIPqd/v9yr9o6SAzOAlRxMiRiCic6JVM1/kunVkw=="],
-
-    "bun-types/@types/node": ["@types/node@24.2.1", "", { "dependencies": { "undici-types": "~7.10.0" } }, "sha512-DRh5K+ka5eJic8CjH7td8QpYEV6Zo10gfRkjHCO3weqZHWDtAaSTFtl4+VMqOJ4N5jcuhZ9/l+yy8rVgw7BQeQ=="],
-
-    "@octokit/plugin-paginate-rest/@octokit/types/@octokit/openapi-types": ["@octokit/openapi-types@20.0.0", "", {}, "sha512-EtqRBEjp1dL/15V7WiX5LJMIxxkdiGJnabzYx5Apx4FkQIFgAfKumXeYAqqJCj1s+BMX4cPFIFC4OLCR6stlnA=="],
-
-    "@octokit/plugin-rest-endpoint-methods/@octokit/types/@octokit/openapi-types": ["@octokit/openapi-types@20.0.0", "", {}, "sha512-EtqRBEjp1dL/15V7WiX5LJMIxxkdiGJnabzYx5Apx4FkQIFgAfKumXeYAqqJCj1s+BMX4cPFIFC4OLCR6stlnA=="],
-  }
-}

.github/actions/codex/package.json

@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-{
-    "name": "codex-action",
-    "version": "0.0.0",
-    "private": true,
-    "scripts": {
-        "format": "prettier --check src",
-        "format:fix": "prettier --write src",
-        "test": "bun test",
-        "typecheck": "tsc"
-    },
-    "dependencies": {
-        "@actions/core": "^1.11.1",
-        "@actions/github": "^6.0.1"
-    },
-    "devDependencies": {
-        "@types/bun": "^1.2.20",
-        "@types/node": "^24.3.0",
-        "prettier": "^3.6.2",
-        "typescript": "^5.9.2"
-    }
-}

.github/actions/codex/src/add-reaction.ts

@@ -1,85 +0,0 @@
-import * as github from "@actions/github";
-import type { EnvContext } from "./env-context";
-
-/**
- * Add an "eyes" reaction to the entity (issue, issue comment, or pull request
- * review comment) that triggered the current Codex invocation.
- *
- * The purpose is to provide immediate feedback to the user – similar to the
- * *-in-progress label flow – indicating that the bot has acknowledged the
- * request and is working on it.
- *
- * We attempt to add the reaction best suited for the current GitHub event:
- *
- *   • issues              → POST /repos/{owner}/{repo}/issues/{issue_number}/reactions
- *   • issue_comment       → POST /repos/{owner}/{repo}/issues/comments/{comment_id}/reactions
- *   • pull_request_review_comment → POST /repos/{owner}/{repo}/pulls/comments/{comment_id}/reactions
- *
- * If the specific target is unavailable (e.g. unexpected payload shape) we
- * silently skip instead of failing the whole action because the reaction is
- * merely cosmetic.
- */
-export async function addEyesReaction(ctx: EnvContext): Promise<void> {
-  const octokit = ctx.getOctokit();
-  const { owner, repo } = github.context.repo;
-  const eventName = github.context.eventName;
-
-  try {
-    switch (eventName) {
-      case "issue_comment": {
-        const commentId = (github.context.payload as any)?.comment?.id;
-        if (commentId) {
-          await octokit.rest.reactions.createForIssueComment({
-            owner,
-            repo,
-            comment_id: commentId,
-            content: "eyes",
-          });
-          return;
-        }
-        break;
-      }
-      case "pull_request_review_comment": {
-        const commentId = (github.context.payload as any)?.comment?.id;
-        if (commentId) {
-          await octokit.rest.reactions.createForPullRequestReviewComment({
-            owner,
-            repo,
-            comment_id: commentId,
-            content: "eyes",
-          });
-          return;
-        }
-        break;
-      }
-      case "issues": {
-        const issueNumber = github.context.issue.number;
-        if (issueNumber) {
-          await octokit.rest.reactions.createForIssue({
-            owner,
-            repo,
-            issue_number: issueNumber,
-            content: "eyes",
-          });
-          return;
-        }
-        break;
-      }
-      default: {
-        // Fallback: try to react to the issue/PR if we have a number.
-        const issueNumber = github.context.issue.number;
-        if (issueNumber) {
-          await octokit.rest.reactions.createForIssue({
-            owner,
-            repo,
-            issue_number: issueNumber,
-            content: "eyes",
-          });
-        }
-      }
-    }
-  } catch (error) {
-    // Do not fail the action if reaction creation fails – log and continue.
-    console.warn(`Failed to add \"eyes\" reaction: ${error}`);
-  }
-}

.github/actions/codex/src/comment.ts

@@ -1,53 +0,0 @@
-import type { EnvContext } from "./env-context";
-import { runCodex } from "./run-codex";
-import { postComment } from "./post-comment";
-import { addEyesReaction } from "./add-reaction";
-
-/**
- * Handle `issue_comment` and `pull_request_review_comment` events once we know
- * the action is supported.
- */
-export async function onComment(ctx: EnvContext): Promise<void> {
-  const triggerPhrase = ctx.tryGet("INPUT_TRIGGER_PHRASE");
-  if (!triggerPhrase) {
-    console.warn("Empty trigger phrase: skipping.");
-    return;
-  }
-
-  // Attempt to get the body of the comment from the environment. Depending on
-  // the event type either `GITHUB_EVENT_COMMENT_BODY` (issue & PR comments) or
-  // `GITHUB_EVENT_REVIEW_BODY` (PR reviews) is set.
-  const commentBody =
-    ctx.tryGetNonEmpty("GITHUB_EVENT_COMMENT_BODY") ??
-    ctx.tryGetNonEmpty("GITHUB_EVENT_REVIEW_BODY") ??
-    ctx.tryGetNonEmpty("GITHUB_EVENT_ISSUE_BODY");
-
-  if (!commentBody) {
-    console.warn("Comment body not found in environment: skipping.");
-    return;
-  }
-
-  // Check if the trigger phrase is present.
-  if (!commentBody.includes(triggerPhrase)) {
-    console.log(
-      `Trigger phrase '${triggerPhrase}' not found: nothing to do for this comment.`,
-    );
-    return;
-  }
-
-  // Derive the prompt by removing the trigger phrase. Remove only the first
-  // occurrence to keep any additional occurrences that might be meaningful.
-  const prompt = commentBody.replace(triggerPhrase, "").trim();
-
-  if (prompt.length === 0) {
-    console.warn("Prompt is empty after removing trigger phrase: skipping");
-    return;
-  }
-
-  // Provide immediate feedback that we are working on the request.
-  await addEyesReaction(ctx);
-
-  // Run Codex and post the response as a new comment.
-  const lastMessage = await runCodex(prompt, ctx);
-  await postComment(lastMessage, ctx);
-}

.github/actions/codex/src/config.ts

@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-import { readdirSync, statSync } from "fs";
-import * as path from "path";
-
-export interface Config {
-  labels: Record<string, LabelConfig>;
-}
-
-export interface LabelConfig {
-  /** Returns the prompt template. */
-  getPromptTemplate(): string;
-}

.github/actions/codex/src/default-label-config.ts

@@ -1,44 +0,0 @@
-import type { Config } from "./config";
-
-export function getDefaultConfig(): Config {
-  return {
-    labels: {
-      "codex-investigate-issue": {
-        getPromptTemplate: () =>
-          `
-Troubleshoot whether the reported issue is valid.
-
-Provide a concise and respectful comment summarizing the findings.
-
-### {CODEX_ACTION_ISSUE_TITLE}
-
-{CODEX_ACTION_ISSUE_BODY}
-`.trim(),
-      },
-      "codex-code-review": {
-        getPromptTemplate: () =>
-          `
-Review this PR and respond with a very concise final message, formatted in Markdown.
-
-There should be a summary of the changes (1-2 sentences) and a few bullet points if necessary.
-
-Then provide the **review** (1-2 sentences plus bullet points, friendly tone).
-
-{CODEX_ACTION_GITHUB_EVENT_PATH} contains the JSON that triggered this GitHub workflow. It contains the \`base\` and \`head\` refs that define this PR. Both refs are available locally.
-`.trim(),
-      },
-      "codex-attempt-fix": {
-        getPromptTemplate: () =>
-          `
-Attempt to solve the reported issue.
-
-If a code change is required, create a new branch, commit the fix, and open a pull-request that resolves the problem.
-
-### {CODEX_ACTION_ISSUE_TITLE}
-
-{CODEX_ACTION_ISSUE_BODY}
-`.trim(),
-      },
-    },
-  };
-}

.github/actions/codex/src/env-context.ts

@@ -1,116 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Centralised access to environment variables used by the Codex GitHub
- * Action.
- *
- * To enable proper unit-testing we avoid reading from `process.env` at module
- * initialisation time.  Instead a `EnvContext` object is created (usually from
- * the real `process.env`) and passed around explicitly or – where that is not
- * yet practical – imported as the shared `defaultContext` singleton. Tests can
- * create their own context backed by a stubbed map of variables without having
- * to mutate global state.
- */
-
-import { fail } from "./fail";
-import * as github from "@actions/github";
-
-export interface EnvContext {
-  /**
-   * Return the value for a given environment variable or terminate the action
-   * via `fail` if it is missing / empty.
-   */
-  get(name: string): string;
-
-  /**
-   * Attempt to read an environment variable. Returns the value when present;
-   * otherwise returns undefined (does not call `fail`).
-   */
-  tryGet(name: string): string | undefined;
-
-  /**
-   * Attempt to read an environment variable. Returns non-empty string value or
-   * null if unset or empty string.
-   */
-  tryGetNonEmpty(name: string): string | null;
-
-  /**
-   * Return a memoised Octokit instance authenticated via the token resolved
-   * from the provided argument (when defined) or the environment variables
-   * `GITHUB_TOKEN`/`GH_TOKEN`.
-   *
-   * Subsequent calls return the same cached instance to avoid spawning
-   * multiple REST clients within a single action run.
-   */
-  getOctokit(token?: string): ReturnType<typeof github.getOctokit>;
-}
-
-/** Internal helper – *not* exported. */
-function _getRequiredEnv(
-  name: string,
-  env: Record<string, string | undefined>,
-): string | undefined {
-  const value = env[name];
-
-  // Avoid leaking secrets into logs while still logging non-secret variables.
-  if (name.endsWith("KEY") || name.endsWith("TOKEN")) {
-    if (value) {
-      console.log(`value for ${name} was found`);
-    }
-  } else {
-    console.log(`${name}=${value}`);
-  }
-
-  return value;
-}
-
-/** Create a context backed by the supplied environment map (defaults to `process.env`). */
-export function createEnvContext(
-  env: Record<string, string | undefined> = process.env,
-): EnvContext {
-  // Lazily instantiated Octokit client – shared across this context.
-  let cachedOctokit: ReturnType<typeof github.getOctokit> | null = null;
-
-  return {
-    get(name: string): string {
-      const value = _getRequiredEnv(name, env);
-      if (value == null) {
-        fail(`Missing required environment variable: ${name}`);
-      }
-      return value;
-    },
-
-    tryGet(name: string): string | undefined {
-      return _getRequiredEnv(name, env);
-    },
-
-    tryGetNonEmpty(name: string): string | null {
-      const value = _getRequiredEnv(name, env);
-      return value == null || value === "" ? null : value;
-    },
-
-    getOctokit(token?: string) {
-      if (cachedOctokit) {
-        return cachedOctokit;
-      }
-
-      // Determine the token to authenticate with.
-      const githubToken = token ?? env["GITHUB_TOKEN"] ?? env["GH_TOKEN"];
-
-      if (!githubToken) {
-        fail(
-          "Unable to locate a GitHub token. `github_token` should have been set on the action.",
-        );
-      }
-
-      cachedOctokit = github.getOctokit(githubToken!);
-      return cachedOctokit;
-    },
-  };
-}
-
-/**
- * Shared context built from the actual `process.env`.  Production code that is
- * not yet refactored to receive a context explicitly may import and use this
- * singleton.  Tests should avoid the singleton and instead pass their own
- * context to the functions they exercise.
- */
-export const defaultContext: EnvContext = createEnvContext();

.github/actions/codex/src/fail.ts

@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-export function fail(message: string): never {
-  console.error(message);
-  process.exit(1);
-}

.github/actions/codex/src/git-helpers.ts

@@ -1,149 +0,0 @@
-import { spawnSync } from "child_process";
-import * as github from "@actions/github";
-import { EnvContext } from "./env-context";
-
-function runGit(args: string[], silent = true): string {
-  console.info(`Running git ${args.join(" ")}`);
-  const res = spawnSync("git", args, {
-    encoding: "utf8",
-    stdio: silent ? ["ignore", "pipe", "pipe"] : "inherit",
-  });
-  if (res.error) {
-    throw res.error;
-  }
-  if (res.status !== 0) {
-    // Return stderr so caller may handle; else throw.
-    throw new Error(
-      `git ${args.join(" ")} failed with code ${res.status}: ${res.stderr}`,
-    );
-  }
-  return res.stdout.trim();
-}
-
-function stageAllChanges() {
-  runGit(["add", "-A"]);
-}
-
-function hasStagedChanges(): boolean {
-  const res = spawnSync("git", ["diff", "--cached", "--quiet", "--exit-code"]);
-  return res.status !== 0;
-}
-
-function ensureOnBranch(
-  issueNumber: number,
-  protectedBranches: string[],
-  suggestedSlug?: string,
-): string {
-  let branch = "";
-  try {
-    branch = runGit(["symbolic-ref", "--short", "-q", "HEAD"]);
-  } catch {
-    branch = "";
-  }
-
-  // If detached HEAD or on a protected branch, create a new branch.
-  if (!branch || protectedBranches.includes(branch)) {
-    if (suggestedSlug) {
-      const safeSlug = suggestedSlug
-        .toLowerCase()
-        .replace(/[^\w\s-]/g, "")
-        .trim()
-        .replace(/\s+/g, "-");
-      branch = `codex-fix-${issueNumber}-${safeSlug}`;
-    } else {
-      branch = `codex-fix-${issueNumber}-${Date.now()}`;
-    }
-    runGit(["switch", "-c", branch]);
-  }
-  return branch;
-}
-
-function commitIfNeeded(issueNumber: number) {
-  if (hasStagedChanges()) {
-    runGit([
-      "commit",
-      "-m",
-      `fix: automated fix for #${issueNumber} via Codex`,
-    ]);
-  }
-}
-
-function pushBranch(branch: string, githubToken: string, ctx: EnvContext) {
-  const repoSlug = ctx.get("GITHUB_REPOSITORY"); // owner/repo
-  const remoteUrl = `https://x-access-token:${githubToken}@github.com/${repoSlug}.git`;
-
-  runGit(["push", "--force-with-lease", "-u", remoteUrl, `HEAD:${branch}`]);
-}
-
-/**
- * If this returns a string, it is the URL of the created PR.
- */
-export async function maybePublishPRForIssue(
-  issueNumber: number,
-  lastMessage: string,
-  ctx: EnvContext,
-): Promise<string | undefined> {
-  // Only proceed if GITHUB_TOKEN available.
-  const githubToken =
-    ctx.tryGetNonEmpty("GITHUB_TOKEN") ?? ctx.tryGetNonEmpty("GH_TOKEN");
-  if (!githubToken) {
-    console.warn("No GitHub token - skipping PR creation.");
-    return undefined;
-  }
-
-  // Print `git status` for debugging.
-  runGit(["status"]);
-
-  // Stage any remaining changes so they can be committed and pushed.
-  stageAllChanges();
-
-  const octokit = ctx.getOctokit(githubToken);
-
-  const { owner, repo } = github.context.repo;
-
-  // Determine default branch to treat as protected.
-  let defaultBranch = "main";
-  try {
-    const repoInfo = await octokit.rest.repos.get({ owner, repo });
-    defaultBranch = repoInfo.data.default_branch ?? "main";
-  } catch (e) {
-    console.warn(`Failed to get default branch, assuming 'main': ${e}`);
-  }
-
-  const sanitizedMessage = lastMessage.replace(/\u2022/g, "-");
-  const [summaryLine] = sanitizedMessage.split(/\r?\n/);
-  const branch = ensureOnBranch(issueNumber, [defaultBranch, "master"], summaryLine);
-  commitIfNeeded(issueNumber);
-  pushBranch(branch, githubToken, ctx);
-
-  // Try to find existing PR for this branch
-  const headParam = `${owner}:${branch}`;
-  const existing = await octokit.rest.pulls.list({
-    owner,
-    repo,
-    head: headParam,
-    state: "open",
-  });
-  if (existing.data.length > 0) {
-    return existing.data[0].html_url;
-  }
-
-  // Determine base branch (default to main)
-  let baseBranch = "main";
-  try {
-    const repoInfo = await octokit.rest.repos.get({ owner, repo });
-    baseBranch = repoInfo.data.default_branch ?? "main";
-  } catch (e) {
-    console.warn(`Failed to get default branch, assuming 'main': ${e}`);
-  }
-
-  const pr = await octokit.rest.pulls.create({
-    owner,
-    repo,
-    title: summaryLine,
-    head: branch,
-    base: baseBranch,
-    body: sanitizedMessage,
-  });
-  return pr.data.html_url;
-}

.github/actions/codex/src/git-user.ts

@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-export function setGitHubActionsUser(): void {
-  const commands = [
-    ["git", "config", "--global", "user.name", "github-actions[bot]"],
-    [
-      "git",
-      "config",
-      "--global",
-      "user.email",
-      "41898282+github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com",
-    ],
-  ];
-
-  for (const command of commands) {
-    Bun.spawnSync(command);
-  }
-}

.github/actions/codex/src/github-workspace.ts

@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-import * as pathMod from "path";
-import { EnvContext } from "./env-context";
-
-export function resolveWorkspacePath(path: string, ctx: EnvContext): string {
-  if (pathMod.isAbsolute(path)) {
-    return path;
-  } else {
-    const workspace = ctx.get("GITHUB_WORKSPACE");
-    return pathMod.join(workspace, path);
-  }
-}

.github/actions/codex/src/load-config.ts

@@ -1,56 +0,0 @@
-import type { Config, LabelConfig } from "./config";
-
-import { getDefaultConfig } from "./default-label-config";
-import { readFileSync, readdirSync, statSync } from "fs";
-import * as path from "path";
-
-/**
- * Build an in-memory configuration object by scanning the repository for
- * Markdown templates located in `.github/codex/labels`.
- *
- * Each `*.md` file in that directory represents a label that can trigger the
- * Codex GitHub Action. The filename **without** the extension is interpreted
- * as the label name, e.g. `codex-review.md` ➜ `codex-review`.
- *
- * For every such label we derive the corresponding `doneLabel` by appending
- * the suffix `-completed`.
- */
-export function loadConfig(workspace: string): Config {
-  const labelsDir = path.join(workspace, ".github", "codex", "labels");
-
-  let entries: string[];
-  try {
-    entries = readdirSync(labelsDir);
-  } catch {
-    // If the directory is missing, return the default configuration.
-    return getDefaultConfig();
-  }
-
-  const labels: Record<string, LabelConfig> = {};
-
-  for (const entry of entries) {
-    if (!entry.endsWith(".md")) {
-      continue;
-    }
-
-    const fullPath = path.join(labelsDir, entry);
-
-    if (!statSync(fullPath).isFile()) {
-      continue;
-    }
-
-    const labelName = entry.slice(0, -3); // trim ".md"
-
-    labels[labelName] = new FileLabelConfig(fullPath);
-  }
-
-  return { labels };
-}
-
-class FileLabelConfig implements LabelConfig {
-  constructor(private readonly promptPath: string) {}
-
-  getPromptTemplate(): string {
-    return readFileSync(this.promptPath, "utf8");
-  }
-}

.github/actions/codex/src/main.ts

@@ -1,80 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env bun
-
-import type { Config } from "./config";
-
-import { defaultContext, EnvContext } from "./env-context";
-import { loadConfig } from "./load-config";
-import { setGitHubActionsUser } from "./git-user";
-import { onLabeled } from "./process-label";
-import { ensureBaseAndHeadCommitsForPRAreAvailable } from "./prompt-template";
-import { performAdditionalValidation } from "./verify-inputs";
-import { onComment } from "./comment";
-import { onReview } from "./review";
-
-async function main(): Promise<void> {
-  const ctx: EnvContext = defaultContext;
-
-  // Build the configuration dynamically by scanning `.github/codex/labels`.
-  const GITHUB_WORKSPACE = ctx.get("GITHUB_WORKSPACE");
-  const config: Config = loadConfig(GITHUB_WORKSPACE);
-
-  // Optionally perform additional validation of prompt template files.
-  performAdditionalValidation(config, GITHUB_WORKSPACE);
-
-  const GITHUB_EVENT_NAME = ctx.get("GITHUB_EVENT_NAME");
-  const GITHUB_EVENT_ACTION = ctx.get("GITHUB_EVENT_ACTION");
-
-  // Set user.name and user.email to a bot before Codex runs, just in case it
-  // creates a commit.
-  setGitHubActionsUser();
-
-  switch (GITHUB_EVENT_NAME) {
-    case "issues": {
-      if (GITHUB_EVENT_ACTION === "labeled") {
-        await onLabeled(config, ctx);
-        return;
-      } else if (GITHUB_EVENT_ACTION === "opened") {
-        await onComment(ctx);
-        return;
-      }
-      break;
-    }
-    case "issue_comment": {
-      if (GITHUB_EVENT_ACTION === "created") {
-        await onComment(ctx);
-        return;
-      }
-      break;
-    }
-    case "pull_request": {
-      if (GITHUB_EVENT_ACTION === "labeled") {
-        await ensureBaseAndHeadCommitsForPRAreAvailable(ctx);
-        await onLabeled(config, ctx);
-        return;
-      }
-      break;
-    }
-    case "pull_request_review": {
-      await ensureBaseAndHeadCommitsForPRAreAvailable(ctx);
-      if (GITHUB_EVENT_ACTION === "submitted") {
-        await onReview(ctx);
-        return;
-      }
-      break;
-    }
-    case "pull_request_review_comment": {
-      await ensureBaseAndHeadCommitsForPRAreAvailable(ctx);
-      if (GITHUB_EVENT_ACTION === "created") {
-        await onComment(ctx);
-        return;
-      }
-      break;
-    }
-  }
-
-  console.warn(
-    `Unsupported action '${GITHUB_EVENT_ACTION}' for event '${GITHUB_EVENT_NAME}'.`,
-  );
-}
-
-main();

.github/actions/codex/src/post-comment.ts

@@ -1,62 +0,0 @@
-import { fail } from "./fail";
-import * as github from "@actions/github";
-import { EnvContext } from "./env-context";
-
-/**
- * Post a comment to the issue / pull request currently in scope.
- *
- * Provide the environment context so that token lookup (inside getOctokit) does
- * not rely on global state.
- */
-export async function postComment(
-  commentBody: string,
-  ctx: EnvContext,
-): Promise<void> {
-  // Append a footer with a link back to the workflow run, if available.
-  const footer = buildWorkflowRunFooter(ctx);
-  const bodyWithFooter = footer ? `${commentBody}${footer}` : commentBody;
-
-  const octokit = ctx.getOctokit();
-  console.info("Got Octokit instance for posting comment");
-  const { owner, repo } = github.context.repo;
-  const issueNumber = github.context.issue.number;
-
-  if (!issueNumber) {
-    console.warn(
-      "No issue or pull_request number found in GitHub context; skipping comment creation.",
-    );
-    return;
-  }
-
-  try {
-    console.info("Calling octokit.rest.issues.createComment()");
-    await octokit.rest.issues.createComment({
-      owner,
-      repo,
-      issue_number: issueNumber,
-      body: bodyWithFooter,
-    });
-  } catch (error) {
-    fail(`Failed to create comment via GitHub API: ${error}`);
-  }
-}
-
-/**
- * Helper to build a Markdown fragment linking back to the workflow run that
- * generated the current comment. Returns `undefined` if required environment
- * variables are missing – e.g. when running outside of GitHub Actions – so we
- * can gracefully skip the footer in those cases.
- */
-function buildWorkflowRunFooter(ctx: EnvContext): string | undefined {
-  const serverUrl =
-    ctx.tryGetNonEmpty("GITHUB_SERVER_URL") ?? "https://github.com";
-  const repository = ctx.tryGetNonEmpty("GITHUB_REPOSITORY");
-  const runId = ctx.tryGetNonEmpty("GITHUB_RUN_ID");
-
-  if (!repository || !runId) {
-    return undefined;
-  }
-
-  const url = `${serverUrl}/${repository}/actions/runs/${runId}`;
-  return `\n\n---\n*[_View workflow run_](${url})*`;
-}

.github/actions/codex/src/process-label.ts

@@ -1,226 +0,0 @@
-import { fail } from "./fail";
-import { EnvContext } from "./env-context";
-import { renderPromptTemplate } from "./prompt-template";
-
-import { postComment } from "./post-comment";
-import { runCodex } from "./run-codex";
-
-import * as github from "@actions/github";
-import { Config, LabelConfig } from "./config";
-import { maybePublishPRForIssue } from "./git-helpers";
-
-export async function onLabeled(
-  config: Config,
-  ctx: EnvContext,
-): Promise<void> {
-  const GITHUB_EVENT_LABEL_NAME = ctx.get("GITHUB_EVENT_LABEL_NAME");
-  const labelConfig = config.labels[GITHUB_EVENT_LABEL_NAME] as
-    | LabelConfig
-    | undefined;
-  if (!labelConfig) {
-    fail(
-      `Label \`${GITHUB_EVENT_LABEL_NAME}\` not found in config: ${JSON.stringify(config)}`,
-    );
-  }
-
-  await processLabelConfig(ctx, GITHUB_EVENT_LABEL_NAME, labelConfig);
-}
-
-/**
- * Wrapper that handles `-in-progress` and `-completed` semantics around the core lint/fix/review
- * processing. It will:
- *
- * - Skip execution if the `-in-progress` or `-completed` label is already present.
- * - Mark the PR/issue as `-in-progress`.
- * - After successful execution, mark the PR/issue as `-completed`.
- */
-async function processLabelConfig(
-  ctx: EnvContext,
-  label: string,
-  labelConfig: LabelConfig,
-): Promise<void> {
-  const octokit = ctx.getOctokit();
-  const { owner, repo, issueNumber, labelNames } =
-    await getCurrentLabels(octokit);
-
-  const inProgressLabel = `${label}-in-progress`;
-  const completedLabel = `${label}-completed`;
-  for (const markerLabel of [inProgressLabel, completedLabel]) {
-    if (labelNames.includes(markerLabel)) {
-      console.log(
-        `Label '${markerLabel}' already present on issue/PR #${issueNumber}. Skipping Codex action.`,
-      );
-
-      // Clean up: remove the triggering label to avoid confusion and re-runs.
-      await addAndRemoveLabels(octokit, {
-        owner,
-        repo,
-        issueNumber,
-        remove: markerLabel,
-      });
-
-      return;
-    }
-  }
-
-  // Mark the PR/issue as in progress.
-  await addAndRemoveLabels(octokit, {
-    owner,
-    repo,
-    issueNumber,
-    add: inProgressLabel,
-    remove: label,
-  });
-
-  // Run the core Codex processing.
-  await processLabel(ctx, label, labelConfig);
-
-  // Mark the PR/issue as completed.
-  await addAndRemoveLabels(octokit, {
-    owner,
-    repo,
-    issueNumber,
-    add: completedLabel,
-    remove: inProgressLabel,
-  });
-}
-
-async function processLabel(
-  ctx: EnvContext,
-  label: string,
-  labelConfig: LabelConfig,
-): Promise<void> {
-  const template = labelConfig.getPromptTemplate();
-
-  // If this is a review label, prepend explicit PR-diff scoping guidance to
-  // reduce out-of-scope feedback. Do this before rendering so placeholders in
-  // the guidance (e.g., {CODEX_ACTION_GITHUB_EVENT_PATH}) are substituted.
-  const isReview = label.toLowerCase().includes("review");
-  const reviewScopeGuidance = `
-PR Diff Scope
-- Only review changes between the PR's merge-base and head; do not comment on commits or files outside this range.
-- Derive the base/head SHAs from the event JSON at {CODEX_ACTION_GITHUB_EVENT_PATH}, then compute and use the PR diff for all analysis and comments.
-
-Commands to determine scope
-- Resolve SHAs:
-  - BASE_SHA=$(jq -r '.pull_request.base.sha // .pull_request.base.ref' "{CODEX_ACTION_GITHUB_EVENT_PATH}")
-  - HEAD_SHA=$(jq -r '.pull_request.head.sha // .pull_request.head.ref' "{CODEX_ACTION_GITHUB_EVENT_PATH}")
-  - BASE_SHA=$(git rev-parse "$BASE_SHA")
-  - HEAD_SHA=$(git rev-parse "$HEAD_SHA")
-- Prefer triple-dot (merge-base) semantics for PR diffs:
-  - Changed commits: git log --oneline "$BASE_SHA...$HEAD_SHA"
-  - Changed files: git diff --name-status "$BASE_SHA...$HEAD_SHA"
-  - Review hunks: git diff -U0 "$BASE_SHA...$HEAD_SHA"
-
-Review rules
-- Anchor every comment to a file and hunk present in git diff "$BASE_SHA...$HEAD_SHA".
-- If you mention context outside the diff, label it as "Follow-up (outside this PR scope)" and keep it brief (<=2 bullets).
-- Do not critique commits or files not reachable in the PR range (merge-base(base, head) → head).
-`.trim();
-
-  const effectiveTemplate = isReview
-    ? `${reviewScopeGuidance}\n\n${template}`
-    : template;
-
-  const populatedTemplate = await renderPromptTemplate(effectiveTemplate, ctx);
-
-  // Always run Codex and post the resulting message as a comment.
-  let commentBody = await runCodex(populatedTemplate, ctx);
-
-  // Current heuristic: only try to create a PR if "attempt" or "fix" is in the
-  // label name. (Yes, we plan to evolve this.)
-  if (label.indexOf("fix") !== -1 || label.indexOf("attempt") !== -1) {
-    console.info(`label ${label} indicates we should attempt to create a PR`);
-    const prUrl = await maybeFixIssue(ctx, commentBody);
-    if (prUrl) {
-      commentBody += `\n\n---\nOpened pull request: ${prUrl}`;
-    }
-  } else {
-    console.info(
-      `label ${label} does not indicate we should attempt to create a PR`,
-    );
-  }
-
-  await postComment(commentBody, ctx);
-}
-
-async function maybeFixIssue(
-  ctx: EnvContext,
-  lastMessage: string,
-): Promise<string | undefined> {
-  // Attempt to create a PR out of any changes Codex produced.
-  const issueNumber = github.context.issue.number!; // exists for issues triggering this path
-  try {
-    return await maybePublishPRForIssue(issueNumber, lastMessage, ctx);
-  } catch (e) {
-    console.warn(`Failed to publish PR: ${e}`);
-  }
-}
-
-async function getCurrentLabels(
-  octokit: ReturnType<typeof github.getOctokit>,
-): Promise<{
-  owner: string;
-  repo: string;
-  issueNumber: number;
-  labelNames: Array<string>;
-}> {
-  const { owner, repo } = github.context.repo;
-  const issueNumber = github.context.issue.number;
-
-  if (!issueNumber) {
-    fail("No issue or pull_request number found in GitHub context.");
-  }
-
-  const { data: issueData } = await octokit.rest.issues.get({
-    owner,
-    repo,
-    issue_number: issueNumber,
-  });
-
-  const labelNames =
-    issueData.labels?.map((label: any) =>
-      typeof label === "string" ? label : label.name,
-    ) ?? [];
-
-  return { owner, repo, issueNumber, labelNames };
-}
-
-async function addAndRemoveLabels(
-  octokit: ReturnType<typeof github.getOctokit>,
-  opts: {
-    owner: string;
-    repo: string;
-    issueNumber: number;
-    add?: string;
-    remove?: string;
-  },
-): Promise<void> {
-  const { owner, repo, issueNumber, add, remove } = opts;
-
-  if (add) {
-    try {
-      await octokit.rest.issues.addLabels({
-        owner,
-        repo,
-        issue_number: issueNumber,
-        labels: [add],
-      });
-    } catch (error) {
-      console.warn(`Failed to add label '${add}': ${error}`);
-    }
-  }
-
-  if (remove) {
-    try {
-      await octokit.rest.issues.removeLabel({
-        owner,
-        repo,
-        issue_number: issueNumber,
-        name: remove,
-      });
-    } catch (error) {
-      console.warn(`Failed to remove label '${remove}': ${error}`);
-    }
-  }
-}

.github/actions/codex/src/prompt-template.ts

@@ -1,284 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Utilities to render Codex prompt templates.
- *
- * A template is a Markdown (or plain-text) file that may contain one or more
- * placeholders of the form `{CODEX_ACTION_<NAME>}`. At runtime these
- * placeholders are substituted with dynamically generated content. Each
- * placeholder is resolved **exactly once** even if it appears multiple times
- * in the same template.
- */
-
-import { readFile } from "fs/promises";
-
-import { EnvContext } from "./env-context";
-
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// Helpers
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-/**
- * Lazily caches parsed `$GITHUB_EVENT_PATH` contents keyed by the file path so
- * we only hit the filesystem once per unique event payload.
- */
-const githubEventDataCache: Map<string, Promise<any>> = new Map();
-
-function getGitHubEventData(ctx: EnvContext): Promise<any> {
-  const eventPath = ctx.get("GITHUB_EVENT_PATH");
-  let cached = githubEventDataCache.get(eventPath);
-  if (!cached) {
-    cached = readFile(eventPath, "utf8").then((raw) => JSON.parse(raw));
-    githubEventDataCache.set(eventPath, cached);
-  }
-  return cached;
-}
-
-async function runCommand(args: Array<string>): Promise<string> {
-  const result = Bun.spawnSync(args, {
-    stdout: "pipe",
-    stderr: "pipe",
-  });
-
-  if (result.success) {
-    return result.stdout.toString();
-  }
-
-  console.error(`Error running ${JSON.stringify(args)}: ${result.stderr}`);
-  return "";
-}
-
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// Public API
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-// Regex that captures the variable name without the surrounding { } braces.
-const VAR_REGEX = /\{(CODEX_ACTION_[A-Z0-9_]+)\}/g;
-
-// Cache individual placeholder values so each one is resolved at most once per
-// process even if many templates reference it.
-const placeholderCache: Map<string, Promise<string>> = new Map();
-
-/**
- * Parse a template string, resolve all placeholders and return the rendered
- * result.
- */
-export async function renderPromptTemplate(
-  template: string,
-  ctx: EnvContext,
-): Promise<string> {
-  // ---------------------------------------------------------------------
-  // 1) Gather all *unique* placeholders present in the template.
-  // ---------------------------------------------------------------------
-  const variables = new Set<string>();
-  for (const match of template.matchAll(VAR_REGEX)) {
-    variables.add(match[1]);
-  }
-
-  // ---------------------------------------------------------------------
-  // 2) Kick off (or reuse) async resolution for each variable.
-  // ---------------------------------------------------------------------
-  for (const variable of variables) {
-    if (!placeholderCache.has(variable)) {
-      placeholderCache.set(variable, resolveVariable(variable, ctx));
-    }
-  }
-
-  // ---------------------------------------------------------------------
-  // 3) Await completion so we can perform a simple synchronous replace below.
-  // ---------------------------------------------------------------------
-  const resolvedEntries: [string, string][] = [];
-  for (const [key, promise] of placeholderCache.entries()) {
-    resolvedEntries.push([key, await promise]);
-  }
-  const resolvedMap = new Map<string, string>(resolvedEntries);
-
-  // ---------------------------------------------------------------------
-  // 4) Replace each occurrence.  We use replace with a callback to ensure
-  //    correct substitution even if variable names overlap (they shouldn't,
-  //    but better safe than sorry).
-  // ---------------------------------------------------------------------
-  return template.replace(VAR_REGEX, (_, varName: string) => {
-    return resolvedMap.get(varName) ?? "";
-  });
-}
-
-export async function ensureBaseAndHeadCommitsForPRAreAvailable(
-  ctx: EnvContext,
-): Promise<{ baseSha: string; headSha: string } | null> {
-  const prShas = await getPrShas(ctx);
-  if (prShas == null) {
-    console.warn("Unable to resolve PR branches");
-    return null;
-  }
-
-  const event = await getGitHubEventData(ctx);
-  const pr = event.pull_request;
-  if (!pr) {
-    console.warn("event.pull_request is not defined - unexpected");
-    return null;
-  }
-
-  const workspace = ctx.get("GITHUB_WORKSPACE");
-
-  // Refs (branch names)
-  const baseRef: string | undefined = pr.base?.ref;
-  const headRef: string | undefined = pr.head?.ref;
-
-  // Clone URLs
-  const baseRemoteUrl: string | undefined = pr.base?.repo?.clone_url;
-  const headRemoteUrl: string | undefined = pr.head?.repo?.clone_url;
-
-  if (!baseRef || !headRef || !baseRemoteUrl || !headRemoteUrl) {
-    console.warn(
-      "Missing PR ref or remote URL information - cannot fetch commits",
-    );
-    return null;
-  }
-
-  // Ensure we have the base branch.
-  await runCommand([
-    "git",
-    "-C",
-    workspace,
-    "fetch",
-    "--no-tags",
-    "origin",
-    baseRef,
-  ]);
-
-  // Ensure we have the head branch.
-  if (headRemoteUrl === baseRemoteUrl) {
-    // Same repository – the commit is available from `origin`.
-    await runCommand([
-      "git",
-      "-C",
-      workspace,
-      "fetch",
-      "--no-tags",
-      "origin",
-      headRef,
-    ]);
-  } else {
-    // Fork – make sure a `pr` remote exists that points at the fork. Attempting
-    // to add a remote that already exists causes git to error, so we swallow
-    // any non-zero exit codes from that specific command.
-    await runCommand([
-      "git",
-      "-C",
-      workspace,
-      "remote",
-      "add",
-      "pr",
-      headRemoteUrl,
-    ]);
-
-    // Whether adding succeeded or the remote already existed, attempt to fetch
-    // the head ref from the `pr` remote.
-    await runCommand([
-      "git",
-      "-C",
-      workspace,
-      "fetch",
-      "--no-tags",
-      "pr",
-      headRef,
-    ]);
-  }
-
-  return prShas;
-}
-
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// Internal helpers – still exported for use by other modules.
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-export async function resolvePrDiff(ctx: EnvContext): Promise<string> {
-  const prShas = await ensureBaseAndHeadCommitsForPRAreAvailable(ctx);
-  if (prShas == null) {
-    console.warn("Unable to resolve PR branches");
-    return "";
-  }
-
-  const workspace = ctx.get("GITHUB_WORKSPACE");
-  const { baseSha, headSha } = prShas;
-  return runCommand([
-    "git",
-    "-C",
-    workspace,
-    "diff",
-    "--color=never",
-    `${baseSha}..${headSha}`,
-  ]);
-}
-
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// Placeholder resolution
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-async function resolveVariable(name: string, ctx: EnvContext): Promise<string> {
-  switch (name) {
-    case "CODEX_ACTION_ISSUE_TITLE": {
-      const event = await getGitHubEventData(ctx);
-      const issue = event.issue ?? event.pull_request;
-      return issue?.title ?? "";
-    }
-
-    case "CODEX_ACTION_ISSUE_BODY": {
-      const event = await getGitHubEventData(ctx);
-      const issue = event.issue ?? event.pull_request;
-      return issue?.body ?? "";
-    }
-
-    case "CODEX_ACTION_GITHUB_EVENT_PATH": {
-      return ctx.get("GITHUB_EVENT_PATH");
-    }
-
-    case "CODEX_ACTION_BASE_REF": {
-      const event = await getGitHubEventData(ctx);
-      return event?.pull_request?.base?.ref ?? "";
-    }
-
-    case "CODEX_ACTION_HEAD_REF": {
-      const event = await getGitHubEventData(ctx);
-      return event?.pull_request?.head?.ref ?? "";
-    }
-
-    case "CODEX_ACTION_PR_DIFF": {
-      return resolvePrDiff(ctx);
-    }
-
-    // -------------------------------------------------------------------
-    // Add new template variables here.
-    // -------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-    default: {
-      // Unknown variable – leave it blank to avoid leaking placeholders to the
-      // final prompt.  The alternative would be to `fail()` here, but silently
-      // ignoring unknown placeholders is more forgiving and better matches the
-      // behaviour of typical template engines.
-      console.warn(`Unknown template variable: ${name}`);
-      return "";
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-async function getPrShas(
-  ctx: EnvContext,
-): Promise<{ baseSha: string; headSha: string } | null> {
-  const event = await getGitHubEventData(ctx);
-  const pr = event.pull_request;
-  if (!pr) {
-    console.warn("event.pull_request is not defined");
-    return null;
-  }
-
-  // Prefer explicit SHAs if available to avoid relying on local branch names.
-  const baseSha: string | undefined = pr.base?.sha;
-  const headSha: string | undefined = pr.head?.sha;
-
-  if (!baseSha || !headSha) {
-    console.warn("one of base or head is not defined on event.pull_request");
-    return null;
-  }
-
-  return { baseSha, headSha };
-}

.github/actions/codex/src/review.ts

@@ -1,42 +0,0 @@
-import type { EnvContext } from "./env-context";
-import { runCodex } from "./run-codex";
-import { postComment } from "./post-comment";
-import { addEyesReaction } from "./add-reaction";
-
-/**
- * Handle `pull_request_review` events. We treat the review body the same way
- * as a normal comment.
- */
-export async function onReview(ctx: EnvContext): Promise<void> {
-  const triggerPhrase = ctx.tryGet("INPUT_TRIGGER_PHRASE");
-  if (!triggerPhrase) {
-    console.warn("Empty trigger phrase: skipping.");
-    return;
-  }
-
-  const reviewBody = ctx.tryGet("GITHUB_EVENT_REVIEW_BODY");
-
-  if (!reviewBody) {
-    console.warn("Review body not found in environment: skipping.");
-    return;
-  }
-
-  if (!reviewBody.includes(triggerPhrase)) {
-    console.log(
-      `Trigger phrase '${triggerPhrase}' not found: nothing to do for this review.`,
-    );
-    return;
-  }
-
-  const prompt = reviewBody.replace(triggerPhrase, "").trim();
-
-  if (prompt.length === 0) {
-    console.warn("Prompt is empty after removing trigger phrase: skipping.");
-    return;
-  }
-
-  await addEyesReaction(ctx);
-
-  const lastMessage = await runCodex(prompt, ctx);
-  await postComment(lastMessage, ctx);
-}

.github/actions/codex/src/run-codex.ts

@@ -1,58 +0,0 @@
-import { fail } from "./fail";
-import { EnvContext } from "./env-context";
-import { tmpdir } from "os";
-import { join } from "node:path";
-import { readFile, mkdtemp } from "fs/promises";
-import { resolveWorkspacePath } from "./github-workspace";
-
-/**
- * Runs the Codex CLI with the provided prompt and returns the output written
- * to the "last message" file.
- */
-export async function runCodex(
-  prompt: string,
-  ctx: EnvContext,
-): Promise<string> {
-  const OPENAI_API_KEY = ctx.get("OPENAI_API_KEY");
-
-  const tempDirPath = await mkdtemp(join(tmpdir(), "codex-"));
-  const lastMessageOutput = join(tempDirPath, "codex-prompt.md");
-
-  // Use the unified CLI and its `exec` subcommand instead of the old
-  // standalone `codex-exec` binary.
-  const args = ["/usr/local/bin/codex", "exec"];
-
-  const inputCodexArgs = ctx.tryGet("INPUT_CODEX_ARGS")?.trim();
-  if (inputCodexArgs) {
-    args.push(...inputCodexArgs.split(/\s+/));
-  }
-
-  args.push("--output-last-message", lastMessageOutput, prompt);
-
-  const env: Record<string, string> = { ...process.env, OPENAI_API_KEY };
-  const INPUT_CODEX_HOME = ctx.tryGet("INPUT_CODEX_HOME");
-  if (INPUT_CODEX_HOME) {
-    env.CODEX_HOME = resolveWorkspacePath(INPUT_CODEX_HOME, ctx);
-  }
-
-  console.log(`Running Codex: ${JSON.stringify(args)}`);
-  const result = Bun.spawnSync(args, {
-    stdout: "inherit",
-    stderr: "inherit",
-    env,
-  });
-
-  if (!result.success) {
-    fail(`Codex failed: see above for details.`);
-  }
-
-  // Read the output generated by Codex.
-  let lastMessage: string;
-  try {
-    lastMessage = await readFile(lastMessageOutput, "utf8");
-  } catch (err) {
-    fail(`Failed to read Codex output at '${lastMessageOutput}': ${err}`);
-  }
-
-  return lastMessage;
-}

.github/actions/codex/src/verify-inputs.ts

@@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
-// Validate the inputs passed to the composite action.
-// The script currently ensures that the provided configuration file exists and
-// matches the expected schema.
-
-import type { Config } from "./config";
-
-import { existsSync } from "fs";
-import * as path from "path";
-import { fail } from "./fail";
-
-export function performAdditionalValidation(config: Config, workspace: string) {
-  // Additional validation: ensure referenced prompt files exist and are Markdown.
-  for (const [label, details] of Object.entries(config.labels)) {
-    // Determine which prompt key is present (the schema guarantees exactly one).
-    const promptPathStr =
-      (details as any).prompt ?? (details as any).promptPath;
-
-    if (promptPathStr) {
-      const promptPath = path.isAbsolute(promptPathStr)
-        ? promptPathStr
-        : path.join(workspace, promptPathStr);
-
-      if (!existsSync(promptPath)) {
-        fail(`Prompt file for label '${label}' not found: ${promptPath}`);
-      }
-      if (!promptPath.endsWith(".md")) {
-        fail(
-          `Prompt file for label '${label}' must be a .md file (got ${promptPathStr}).`,
-        );
-      }
-    }
-  }
-}

.github/actions/codex/tsconfig.json

@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-{
-  "compilerOptions": {
-    "lib": ["ESNext"],
-    "target": "ESNext",
-    "module": "ESNext",
-    "moduleDetection": "force",
-    "moduleResolution": "bundler",
-
-    "noEmit": true,
-    "strict": true,
-    "skipLibCheck": true
-  },
-
-  "include": ["src"]
-}

.github/workflows/codex.yml

@@ -1,64 +0,0 @@
-name: Codex
-
-on:
-  issues:
-    types: [opened, labeled]
-  pull_request:
-    branches: [main]
-    types: [labeled]
-
-jobs:
-  codex:
-    # This `if` check provides complex filtering logic to avoid running Codex
-    # on every PR. Admittedly, one thing this does not verify is whether the
-    # sender has write access to the repo: that must be done as part of a
-    # runtime step.
-    #
-    # Note the label values should match the ones in the .github/codex/labels
-    # folder.
-    if: |
-      (github.event_name == 'issues' && (
-        (github.event.action == 'labeled' && (github.event.label.name == 'codex-attempt' || github.event.label.name == 'codex-triage'))
-      )) ||
-      (github.event_name == 'pull_request' && github.event.action == 'labeled' && (github.event.label.name == 'codex-review' || github.event.label.name == 'codex-rust-review'))
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    permissions:
-      contents: write # can push or create branches
-      issues: write # for comments + labels on issues/PRs
-      pull-requests: write # for PR comments/labels
-    steps:
-      # TODO: Consider adding an optional mode (--dry-run?) to actions/codex
-      # that verifies whether Codex should actually be run for this event.
-      # (For example, it may be rejected because the sender does not have
-      # write access to the repo.) The benefit would be two-fold:
-      # 1. As the first step of this job, it gives us a chance to add a reaction
-      #    or comment to the PR/issue ASAP to "ack" the request.
-      # 2. It saves resources by skipping the clone and setup steps below if
-      #    Codex is not going to run.
-
-      - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@v5
-
-      - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@1.89
-        with:
-          targets: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
-          components: clippy
-
-      - uses: actions/cache@v4
-        with:
-          path: |
-            ~/.cargo/bin/
-            ~/.cargo/registry/index/
-            ~/.cargo/registry/cache/
-            ~/.cargo/git/db/
-            ${{ github.workspace }}/codex-rs/target/
-          key: cargo-ubuntu-24.04-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu-dev-${{ hashFiles('**/Cargo.lock') }}
-
-      # Note it is possible that the `verify` step internal to Run Codex will
-      # fail, in which case the work to setup the repo was worthless :(
-      - name: Run Codex
-        uses: ./.github/actions/codex
-        with:
-          openai_api_key: ${{ secrets.CODEX_OPENAI_API_KEY }}
-          github_token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          codex_home: ./.github/codex/home

AGENTS.md

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ In the codex-rs folder where the rust code lives:
 Before finalizing a change to `codex-rs`, run `just fmt` (in `codex-rs` directory) to format the code and `just fix -p <project>` (in `codex-rs` directory) to fix any linter issues in the code. Additionally, run the tests:
 1. Run the test for the specific project that was changed. For example, if changes were made in `codex-rs/tui`, run `cargo test -p codex-tui`.
 2. Once those pass, if any changes were made in common, core, or protocol, run the complete test suite with `cargo test --all-features`.
+When running interactively, ask the user before running these commands to finalize.
 
 ## TUI style conventions
 

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,211 +1 @@
-# Changelog
-
-You can install any of these versions: `npm install -g codex@version`
-
-## `0.1.2505172129`
-
-### 🪲 Bug Fixes
-
-- Add node version check (#1007)
-- Persist token after refresh (#1006)
-
-## `0.1.2505171619`
-
-- `codex --login` + `codex --free` (#998)
-
-## `0.1.2505161800`
-
-- Sign in with chatgpt credits (#974)
-- Add support for OpenAI tool type, local_shell (#961)
-
-## `0.1.2505161243`
-
-- Sign in with chatgpt (#963)
-- Session history viewer (#912)
-- Apply patch issue when using different cwd (#942)
-- Diff command for filenames with special characters (#954)
-
-## `0.1.2505160811`
-
-- `codex-mini-latest` (#951)
-
-## `0.1.2505140839`
-
-### 🪲 Bug Fixes
-
-- Gpt-4.1 apply_patch handling (#930)
-- Add support for fileOpener in config.json (#911)
-- Patch in #366 and #367 for marked-terminal (#916)
-- Remember to set lastIndex = 0 on shared RegExp (#918)
-- Always load version from package.json at runtime (#909)
-- Tweak the label for citations for better rendering (#919)
-- Tighten up some logic around session timestamps and ids (#922)
-- Change EventMsg enum so every variant takes a single struct (#925)
-- Reasoning default to medium, show workdir when supplied (#931)
-- Test_dev_null_write() was not using echo as intended (#923)
-
-## `0.1.2504301751`
-
-### 🚀 Features
-
-- User config api key (#569)
-- `@mention` files in codex (#701)
-- Add `--reasoning` CLI flag (#314)
-- Lower default retry wait time and increase number of tries (#720)
-- Add common package registries domains to allowed-domains list (#414)
-
-### 🪲 Bug Fixes
-
-- Insufficient quota message (#758)
-- Input keyboard shortcut opt+delete (#685)
-- `/diff` should include untracked files (#686)
-- Only allow running without sandbox if explicitly marked in safe container (#699)
-- Tighten up check for /usr/bin/sandbox-exec (#710)
-- Check if sandbox-exec is available (#696)
-- Duplicate messages in quiet mode (#680)
-
-## `0.1.2504251709`
-
-### 🚀 Features
-
-- Add openai model info configuration (#551)
-- Added provider to run quiet mode function (#571)
-- Create parent directories when creating new files (#552)
-- Print bug report URL in terminal instead of opening browser (#510) (#528)
-- Add support for custom provider configuration in the user config (#537)
-- Add support for OpenAI-Organization and OpenAI-Project headers (#626)
-- Add specific instructions for creating API keys in error msg (#581)
-- Enhance toCodePoints to prevent potential unicode 14 errors (#615)
-- More native keyboard navigation in multiline editor (#655)
-- Display error on selection of invalid model (#594)
-
-### 🪲 Bug Fixes
-
-- Model selection (#643)
-- Nits in apply patch (#640)
-- Input keyboard shortcuts (#676)
-- `apply_patch` unicode characters (#625)
-- Don't clear turn input before retries (#611)
-- More loosely match context for apply_patch (#610)
-- Update bug report template - there is no --revision flag (#614)
-- Remove outdated copy of text input and external editor feature (#670)
-- Remove unreachable "disableResponseStorage" logic flow introduced in #543 (#573)
-- Non-openai mode - fix for gemini content: null, fix 429 to throw before stream (#563)
-- Only allow going up in history when not already in history if input is empty (#654)
-- Do not grant "node" user sudo access when using run_in_container.sh (#627)
-- Update scripts/build_container.sh to use pnpm instead of npm (#631)
-- Update lint-staged config to use pnpm --filter (#582)
-- Non-openai mode - don't default temp and top_p (#572)
-- Fix error catching when checking for updates (#597)
-- Close stdin when running an exec tool call (#636)
-
-## `0.1.2504221401`
-
-### 🚀 Features
-
-- Show actionable errors when api keys are missing (#523)
-- Add CLI `--version` flag (#492)
-
-### 🪲 Bug Fixes
-
-- Agent loop for ZDR (`disableResponseStorage`) (#543)
-- Fix relative `workdir` check for `apply_patch` (#556)
-- Minimal mid-stream #429 retry loop using existing back-off (#506)
-- Inconsistent usage of base URL and API key (#507)
-- Remove requirement for api key for ollama (#546)
-- Support `[provider]_BASE_URL` (#542)
-
-## `0.1.2504220136`
-
-### 🚀 Features
-
-- Add support for ZDR orgs (#481)
-- Include fractional portion of chunk that exceeds stdout/stderr limit (#497)
-
-## `0.1.2504211509`
-
-### 🚀 Features
-
-- Support multiple providers via Responses-Completion transformation (#247)
-- Add user-defined safe commands configuration and approval logic #380 (#386)
-- Allow switching approval modes when prompted to approve an edit/command (#400)
-- Add support for `/diff` command autocomplete in TerminalChatInput (#431)
-- Auto-open model selector if user selects deprecated model (#427)
-- Read approvalMode from config file (#298)
-- `/diff` command to view git diff (#426)
-- Tab completions for file paths (#279)
-- Add /command autocomplete (#317)
-- Allow multi-line input (#438)
-
-### 🪲 Bug Fixes
-
-- `full-auto` support in quiet mode (#374)
-- Enable shell option for child process execution (#391)
-- Configure husky and lint-staged for pnpm monorepo (#384)
-- Command pipe execution by improving shell detection (#437)
-- Name of the file not matching the name of the component (#354)
-- Allow proper exit from new Switch approval mode dialog (#453)
-- Ensure /clear resets context and exclude system messages from approximateTokenUsed count (#443)
-- `/clear` now clears terminal screen and resets context left indicator (#425)
-- Correct fish completion function name in CLI script (#485)
-- Auto-open model-selector when model is not found (#448)
-- Remove unnecessary isLoggingEnabled() checks (#420)
-- Improve test reliability for `raw-exec` (#434)
-- Unintended tear down of agent loop (#483)
-- Remove extraneous type casts (#462)
-
-## `0.1.2504181820`
-
-### 🚀 Features
-
-- Add `/bug` report command (#312)
-- Notify when a newer version is available (#333)
-
-### 🪲 Bug Fixes
-
-- Update context left display logic in TerminalChatInput component (#307)
-- Improper spawn of sh on Windows Powershell (#318)
-- `/bug` report command, thinking indicator (#381)
-- Include pnpm lock file (#377)
-
-## `0.1.2504172351`
-
-### 🚀 Features
-
-- Add Nix flake for reproducible development environments (#225)
-
-### 🪲 Bug Fixes
-
-- Handle invalid commands (#304)
-- Raw-exec-process-group.test improve reliability and error handling (#280)
-- Canonicalize the writeable paths used in seatbelt policy (#275)
-
-## `0.1.2504172304`
-
-### 🚀 Features
-
-- Add shell completion subcommand (#138)
-- Add command history persistence (#152)
-- Shell command explanation option (#173)
-- Support bun fallback runtime for codex CLI (#282)
-- Add notifications for MacOS using Applescript (#160)
-- Enhance image path detection in input processing (#189)
-- `--config`/`-c` flag to open global instructions in nvim (#158)
-- Update position of cursor when navigating input history with arrow keys to the end of the text (#255)
-
-### 🪲 Bug Fixes
-
-- Correct word deletion logic for trailing spaces (Ctrl+Backspace) (#131)
-- Improve Windows compatibility for CLI commands and sandbox (#261)
-- Correct typos in thinking texts (transcendent & parroting) (#108)
-- Add empty vite config file to prevent resolving to parent (#273)
-- Update regex to better match the retry error messages (#266)
-- Add missing "as" in prompt prefix in agent loop (#186)
-- Allow continuing after interrupting assistant (#178)
-- Standardize filename to kebab-case 🐍➡️🥙 (#302)
-- Small update to bug report template (#288)
-- Duplicated message on model change (#276)
-- Typos in prompts and comments (#195)
-- Check workdir before spawn (#221)
-
-<!-- generated - do not edit -->
+The changelog can be found on the [releases page](https://github.com/openai/codex/releases)

README.md

@@ -5,65 +5,11 @@
 <p align="center"><strong>Codex CLI</strong> is a coding agent from OpenAI that runs locally on your computer.</br>If you are looking for the <em>cloud-based agent</em> from OpenAI, <strong>Codex Web</strong>, see <a href="https://chatgpt.com/codex">chatgpt.com/codex</a>.</p>
 
 <p align="center">
-  <img src="./.github/codex-cli-splash.png" alt="Codex CLI splash" width="50%" />
+  <img src="./.github/codex-cli-splash.png" alt="Codex CLI splash" width="80%" />
   </p>
 
 ---
 
-<details>
-<summary><strong>Table of contents</strong></summary>
-
-<!-- Begin ToC -->
-
-- [Quickstart](#quickstart)
-  - [Installing and running Codex CLI](#installing-and-running-codex-cli)
-  - [Using Codex with your ChatGPT plan](#using-codex-with-your-chatgpt-plan)
-  - [Connecting on a "Headless" Machine](#connecting-on-a-headless-machine)
-    - [Authenticate locally and copy your credentials to the "headless" machine](#authenticate-locally-and-copy-your-credentials-to-the-headless-machine)
-    - [Connecting through VPS or remote](#connecting-through-vps-or-remote)
-  - [Usage-based billing alternative: Use an OpenAI API key](#usage-based-billing-alternative-use-an-openai-api-key)
-    - [Forcing a specific auth method (advanced)](#forcing-a-specific-auth-method-advanced)
-  - [Choosing Codex's level of autonomy](#choosing-codexs-level-of-autonomy)
-    - [**1. Read/write**](#1-readwrite)
-    - [**2. Read-only**](#2-read-only)
-    - [**3. Advanced configuration**](#3-advanced-configuration)
-    - [Can I run without ANY approvals?](#can-i-run-without-any-approvals)
-    - [Fine-tuning in `config.toml`](#fine-tuning-in-configtoml)
-  - [Example prompts](#example-prompts)
-- [Running with a prompt as input](#running-with-a-prompt-as-input)
-- [Using Open Source Models](#using-open-source-models)
-  - [Platform sandboxing details](#platform-sandboxing-details)
-- [Experimental technology disclaimer](#experimental-technology-disclaimer)
-- [System requirements](#system-requirements)
-- [CLI reference](#cli-reference)
-- [Memory & project docs](#memory--project-docs)
-- [Non-interactive / CI mode](#non-interactive--ci-mode)
-- [Model Context Protocol (MCP)](#model-context-protocol-mcp)
-- [Tracing / verbose logging](#tracing--verbose-logging)
-  - [DotSlash](#dotslash)
-- [Configuration](#configuration)
-- [FAQ](#faq)
-- [Zero data retention (ZDR) usage](#zero-data-retention-zdr-usage)
-- [Codex open source fund](#codex-open-source-fund)
-- [Contributing](#contributing)
-  - [Development workflow](#development-workflow)
-  - [Writing high-impact code changes](#writing-high-impact-code-changes)
-  - [Opening a pull request](#opening-a-pull-request)
-  - [Review process](#review-process)
-  - [Community values](#community-values)
-  - [Getting help](#getting-help)
-  - [Contributor license agreement (CLA)](#contributor-license-agreement-cla)
-    - [Quick fixes](#quick-fixes)
-  - [Releasing `codex`](#releasing-codex)
-- [Security & responsible AI](#security--responsible-ai)
-- [License](#license)
-
-<!-- End ToC -->
-
-</details>
-
----
-
 ## Quickstart
 
 ### Installing and running Codex CLI
@@ -99,607 +45,52 @@ Each archive contains a single entry with the platform baked into the name (e.g.
 ### Using Codex with your ChatGPT plan
 
 <p align="center">
-  <img src="./.github/codex-cli-login.png" alt="Codex CLI login" width="50%" />
+  <img src="./.github/codex-cli-login.png" alt="Codex CLI login" width="80%" />
   </p>
 
-Run `codex` and select **Sign in with ChatGPT**. You'll need a Plus, Pro, or Team ChatGPT account, and will get access to our latest models, including `gpt-5`, at no extra cost to your plan. (Enterprise is coming soon.)
+Run `codex` and select **Sign in with ChatGPT**. We recommend signing into your ChatGPT account to use Codex as part of your Plus, Pro, Team, Edu, or Enterprise plan. [Learn more about what's included in your ChatGPT plan](https://help.openai.com/en/articles/11369540-codex-in-chatgpt).
 
-> Important: If you've used the Codex CLI before, follow these steps to migrate from usage-based billing with your API key:
->
-> 1. Update the CLI and ensure `codex --version` is `0.20.0` or later
-> 2. Delete `~/.codex/auth.json` (this should be `C:\Users\USERNAME\.codex\auth.json` on Windows)
-> 3. Run `codex login` again
+You can also use Codex with an API key, but this requires [additional setup](./docs/authentication.md#usage-based-billing-alternative-use-an-openai-api-key). If you previously used an API key for usage-based billing, see the [migration steps](./docs/authentication.md#migrating-from-usage-based-billing-api-key). If you're having trouble with login, please comment on [this issue](https://github.com/openai/codex/issues/1243).
 
-If you encounter problems with the login flow, please comment on [this issue](https://github.com/openai/codex/issues/1243).
+### Model Context Protocol (MCP)
 
-### Connecting on a "Headless" Machine
+Codex CLI supports [MCP servers](./docs/advanced.md#model-context-protocol-mcp). Enable by adding an `mcp_servers` section to your `~/.codex/config.toml`.
 
-Today, the login process entails running a server on `localhost:1455`. If you are on a "headless" server, such as a Docker container or are `ssh`'d into a remote machine, loading `localhost:1455` in the browser on your local machine will not automatically connect to the webserver running on the _headless_ machine, so you must use one of the following workarounds:
 
-#### Authenticate locally and copy your credentials to the "headless" machine
+### Configuration
 
-The easiest solution is likely to run through the `codex login` process on your local machine such that `localhost:1455` _is_ accessible in your web browser. When you complete the authentication process, an `auth.json` file should be available at `$CODEX_HOME/auth.json` (on Mac/Linux, `$CODEX_HOME` defaults to `~/.codex` whereas on Windows, it defaults to `%USERPROFILE%\.codex`).
-
-Because the `auth.json` file is not tied to a specific host, once you complete the authentication flow locally, you can copy the `$CODEX_HOME/auth.json` file to the headless machine and then `codex` should "just work" on that machine. Note to copy a file to a Docker container, you can do:
-
-```shell
-# substitute MY_CONTAINER with the name or id of your Docker container:
-CONTAINER_HOME=$(docker exec MY_CONTAINER printenv HOME)
-docker exec MY_CONTAINER mkdir -p "$CONTAINER_HOME/.codex"
-docker cp auth.json MY_CONTAINER:"$CONTAINER_HOME/.codex/auth.json"
-```
-
-whereas if you are `ssh`'d into a remote machine, you likely want to use [`scp`](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secure_copy_protocol):
-
-```shell
-ssh user@remote 'mkdir -p ~/.codex'
-scp ~/.codex/auth.json user@remote:~/.codex/auth.json
-```
-
-or try this one-liner:
-
-```shell
-ssh user@remote 'mkdir -p ~/.codex && cat > ~/.codex/auth.json' < ~/.codex/auth.json
-```
-
-#### Connecting through VPS or remote
-
-If you run Codex on a remote machine (VPS/server) without a local browser, the login helper starts a server on `localhost:1455` on the remote host. To complete login in your local browser, forward that port to your machine before starting the login flow:
-
-```bash
-# From your local machine
-ssh -L 1455:localhost:1455 <user>@<remote-host>
-```
-
-Then, in that SSH session, run `codex` and select "Sign in with ChatGPT". When prompted, open the printed URL (it will be `http://localhost:1455/...`) in your local browser. The traffic will be tunneled to the remote server.
-
-### Usage-based billing alternative: Use an OpenAI API key
-
-If you prefer to pay-as-you-go, you can still authenticate with your OpenAI API key by setting it as an environment variable:
-
-```shell
-export OPENAI_API_KEY="your-api-key-here"
-```
-
-Notes:
-
-- This command only sets the key for your current terminal session, which we recommend. To set it for all future sessions, you can also add the `export` line to your shell's configuration file (e.g., `~/.zshrc`).
-- If you have signed in with ChatGPT, Codex will default to using your ChatGPT credits. If you wish to use your API key, use the `/logout` command to clear your ChatGPT authentication.
-
-#### Forcing a specific auth method (advanced)
-
-You can explicitly choose which authentication Codex should prefer when both are available.
-
-- To always use your API key (even when ChatGPT auth exists), set:
-
-```toml
-# ~/.codex/config.toml
-preferred_auth_method = "apikey"
-```
-
-Or override ad-hoc via CLI:
-
-```bash
-codex --config preferred_auth_method="apikey"
-```
-
-- To prefer ChatGPT auth (default), set:
-
-```toml
-# ~/.codex/config.toml
-preferred_auth_method = "chatgpt"
-```
-
-Notes:
-
-- When `preferred_auth_method = "apikey"` and an API key is available, the login screen is skipped.
-- When `preferred_auth_method = "chatgpt"` (default), Codex prefers ChatGPT auth if present; if only an API key is present, it will use the API key. Certain account types may also require API-key mode.
-
-### Choosing Codex's level of autonomy
-
-We always recommend running Codex in its default sandbox that gives you strong guardrails around what the agent can do. The default sandbox prevents it from editing files outside its workspace, or from accessing the network.
-
-When you launch Codex in a new folder, it detects whether the folder is version controlled and recommends one of two levels of autonomy:
-
-#### **1. Read/write**
-
-- Codex can run commands and write files in the workspace without approval.
-- To write files in other folders, access network, update git or perform other actions protected by the sandbox, Codex will need your permission.
-- By default, the workspace includes the current directory, as well as temporary directories like `/tmp`. You can see what directories are in the workspace with the `/status` command. See the docs for how to customize this behavior.
-- Advanced: You can manually specify this configuration by running `codex --sandbox workspace-write --ask-for-approval on-request`
-- This is the recommended default for version-controlled folders.
-
-#### **2. Read-only**
-
-- Codex can run read-only commands without approval.
-- To edit files, access network, or perform other actions protected by the sandbox, Codex will need your permission.
-- Advanced: You can manually specify this configuration by running `codex --sandbox read-only --ask-for-approval on-request`
-- This is the recommended default non-version-controlled folders.
-
-#### **3. Advanced configuration**
-
-Codex gives you fine-grained control over the sandbox with the `--sandbox` option, and over when it requests approval with the `--ask-for-approval` option. Run `codex help` for more on these options.
-
-#### Can I run without ANY approvals?
-
-Yes, run codex non-interactively with `--ask-for-approval never`. This option works with all `--sandbox` options, so you still have full control over Codex's level of autonomy. It will make its best attempt with whatever contrainsts you provide. For example:
-
-- Use `codex --ask-for-approval never --sandbox read-only` when you are running many agents to answer questions in parallel in the same workspace.
-- Use `codex --ask-for-approval never --sandbox workspace-write` when you want the agent to non-interactively take time to produce the best outcome, with strong guardrails around its behavior.
-- Use `codex --ask-for-approval never --sandbox danger-full-access` to dangerously give the agent full autonomy. Because this disables important safety mechanisms, we recommend against using this unless running Codex in an isolated environment.
-
-#### Fine-tuning in `config.toml`
-
-```toml
-# approval mode
-approval_policy = "untrusted"
-sandbox_mode    = "read-only"
-
-# full-auto mode
-approval_policy = "on-request"
-sandbox_mode    = "workspace-write"
-
-# Optional: allow network in workspace-write mode
-[sandbox_workspace_write]
-network_access = true
-```
-
-You can also save presets as **profiles**:
-
-```toml
-[profiles.full_auto]
-approval_policy = "on-request"
-sandbox_mode    = "workspace-write"
-
-[profiles.readonly_quiet]
-approval_policy = "never"
-sandbox_mode    = "read-only"
-```
-
-### Example prompts
-
-Below are a few bite-size examples you can copy-paste. Replace the text in quotes with your own task. See the [prompting guide](https://github.com/openai/codex/blob/main/codex-cli/examples/prompting_guide.md) for more tips and usage patterns.
-
-| ✨  | What you type                                                                   | What happens                                                               |
-| --- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
-| 1   | `codex "Refactor the Dashboard component to React Hooks"`                       | Codex rewrites the class component, runs `npm test`, and shows the diff.   |
-| 2   | `codex "Generate SQL migrations for adding a users table"`                      | Infers your ORM, creates migration files, and runs them in a sandboxed DB. |
-| 3   | `codex "Write unit tests for utils/date.ts"`                                    | Generates tests, executes them, and iterates until they pass.              |
-| 4   | `codex "Bulk-rename *.jpeg -> *.jpg with git mv"`                               | Safely renames files and updates imports/usages.                           |
-| 5   | `codex "Explain what this regex does: ^(?=.*[A-Z]).{8,}$"`                      | Outputs a step-by-step human explanation.                                  |
-| 6   | `codex "Carefully review this repo, and propose 3 high impact well-scoped PRs"` | Suggests impactful PRs in the current codebase.                            |
-| 7   | `codex "Look for vulnerabilities and create a security review report"`          | Finds and explains security bugs.                                          |
-
-## Running with a prompt as input
-
-You can also run Codex CLI with a prompt as input:
-
-```shell
-codex "explain this codebase to me"
-```
-
-```shell
-codex --full-auto "create the fanciest todo-list app"
-```
-
-That's it - Codex will scaffold a file, run it inside a sandbox, install any
-missing dependencies, and show you the live result. Approve the changes and
-they'll be committed to your working directory.
-
-## Using Open Source Models
-
-<details>
-<summary><strong>Use <code>--profile</code> to use other models</strong></summary>
-
-Codex also allows you to use other providers that support the OpenAI Chat Completions (or Responses) API.
-
-To do so, you must first define custom [providers](./config.md#model_providers) in `~/.codex/config.toml`. For example, the provider for a standard Ollama setup would be defined as follows:
-
-```toml
-[model_providers.ollama]
-name = "Ollama"
-base_url = "http://localhost:11434/v1"
-```
-
-The `base_url` will have `/chat/completions` appended to it to build the full URL for the request.
-
-For providers that also require an `Authorization` header of the form `Bearer: SECRET`, an `env_key` can be specified, which indicates the environment variable to read to use as the value of `SECRET` when making a request:
-
-```toml
-[model_providers.openrouter]
-name = "OpenRouter"
-base_url = "https://openrouter.ai/api/v1"
-env_key = "OPENROUTER_API_KEY"
-```
-
-Providers that speak the Responses API are also supported by adding `wire_api = "responses"` as part of the definition. Accessing OpenAI models via Azure is an example of such a provider, though it also requires specifying additional `query_params` that need to be appended to the request URL:
-
-```toml
-[model_providers.azure]
-name = "Azure"
-# Make sure you set the appropriate subdomain for this URL.
-base_url = "https://YOUR_PROJECT_NAME.openai.azure.com/openai"
-env_key = "AZURE_OPENAI_API_KEY"  # Or "OPENAI_API_KEY", whichever you use.
-# Newer versions appear to support the responses API, see https://github.com/openai/codex/pull/1321
-query_params = { api-version = "2025-04-01-preview" }
-wire_api = "responses"
-```
-
-Once you have defined a provider you wish to use, you can configure it as your default provider as follows:
-
-```toml
-model_provider = "azure"
-```
-
-> [!TIP]
-> If you find yourself experimenting with a variety of models and providers, then you likely want to invest in defining a _profile_ for each configuration like so:
-
-```toml
-[profiles.o3]
-model_provider = "azure"
-model = "o3"
-
-[profiles.mistral]
-model_provider = "ollama"
-model = "mistral"
-```
-
-This way, you can specify one command-line argument (.e.g., `--profile o3`, `--profile mistral`) to override multiple settings together.
-
-</details>
-
-Codex can run fully locally against an OpenAI-compatible OSS host (like Ollama) using the `--oss` flag:
-
-- Interactive UI:
-  - codex --oss
-- Non-interactive (programmatic) mode:
-  - echo "Refactor utils" | codex exec --oss
-
-Model selection when using `--oss`:
-
-- If you omit `-m/--model`, Codex defaults to -m gpt-oss:20b and will verify it exists locally (downloading if needed).
-- To pick a different size, pass one of:
-  - -m "gpt-oss:20b"
-  - -m "gpt-oss:120b"
-
-Point Codex at your own OSS host:
-
-- By default, `--oss` talks to http://localhost:11434/v1.
-- To use a different host, set one of these environment variables before running Codex:
-  - CODEX_OSS_BASE_URL, for example:
-    - CODEX_OSS_BASE_URL="http://my-ollama.example.com:11434/v1" codex --oss -m gpt-oss:20b
-  - or CODEX_OSS_PORT (when the host is localhost):
-    - CODEX_OSS_PORT=11434 codex --oss
-
-Advanced: you can persist this in your config instead of environment variables by overriding the built-in `oss` provider in `~/.codex/config.toml`:
-
-```toml
-[model_providers.oss]
-name = "Open Source"
-base_url = "http://my-ollama.example.com:11434/v1"
-```
+Codex CLI supports a rich set of configuration options, with preferences stored in `~/.codex/config.toml`. For full configuration options, see [Configuration](./docs/config.md).
 
 ---
 
-### Platform sandboxing details
-
-By default, Codex CLI runs code and shell commands inside a restricted sandbox to protect your system.  
-
-> [!IMPORTANT]
-> Not all tool calls are sandboxed. Specifically, **trusted Model Context Protocol (MCP) tool calls** are executed outside of the sandbox.  
-> This is intentional: MCP tools are explicitly configured and trusted by you, and they often need to connect to **external applications or services** (e.g. issue trackers, databases, messaging systems).  
-> Running them outside the sandbox allows Codex to integrate with these external systems without being blocked by sandbox restrictions.
-
-The mechanism Codex uses to implement the sandbox policy depends on your OS:
-
-- **macOS 12+** uses **Apple Seatbelt** and runs commands using `sandbox-exec` with a profile (`-p`) that corresponds to the `--sandbox` that was specified.
-- **Linux** uses a combination of Landlock/seccomp APIs to enforce the `sandbox` configuration.
-
-Note that when running Linux in a containerized environment such as Docker, sandboxing may not work if the host/container configuration does not support the necessary Landlock/seccomp APIs. In such cases, we recommend configuring your Docker container so that it provides the sandbox guarantees you are looking for and then running `codex` with `--sandbox danger-full-access` (or, more simply, the `--dangerously-bypass-approvals-and-sandbox` flag) within your container.
-
----
-
-## Experimental technology disclaimer
-
-Codex CLI is an experimental project under active development. It is not yet stable, may contain bugs, incomplete features, or undergo breaking changes. We're building it in the open with the community and welcome:
-
-- Bug reports
-- Feature requests
-- Pull requests
-- Good vibes
-
-Help us improve by filing issues or submitting PRs (see the section below for how to contribute)!
-
----
-
-## System requirements
-
-| Requirement                 | Details                                                         |
-| --------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------- |
-| Operating systems           | macOS 12+, Ubuntu 20.04+/Debian 10+, or Windows 11 **via WSL2** |
-| Git (optional, recommended) | 2.23+ for built-in PR helpers                                   |
-| RAM                         | 4-GB minimum (8-GB recommended)                                 |
-
----
-
-## CLI reference
-
-| Command            | Purpose                            | Example                         |
-| ------------------ | ---------------------------------- | ------------------------------- |
-| `codex`            | Interactive TUI                    | `codex`                         |
-| `codex "..."`      | Initial prompt for interactive TUI | `codex "fix lint errors"`       |
-| `codex exec "..."` | Non-interactive "automation mode"  | `codex exec "explain utils.ts"` |
-
-Key flags: `--model/-m`, `--ask-for-approval/-a`.
-
----
-
-## Memory & project docs
-
-You can give Codex extra instructions and guidance using `AGENTS.md` files. Codex looks for `AGENTS.md` files in the following places, and merges them top-down:
-
-1. `~/.codex/AGENTS.md` - personal global guidance
-2. `AGENTS.md` at repo root - shared project notes
-3. `AGENTS.md` in the current working directory - sub-folder/feature specifics
-
----
-
-## Non-interactive / CI mode
-
-Run Codex head-less in pipelines. Example GitHub Action step:
-
-```yaml
-- name: Update changelog via Codex
-  run: |
-    npm install -g @openai/codex
-    export OPENAI_API_KEY="${{ secrets.OPENAI_KEY }}"
-    codex exec --full-auto "update CHANGELOG for next release"
-```
-
-## Model Context Protocol (MCP)
-
-The Codex CLI can be configured to leverage MCP servers by defining an [`mcp_servers`](./codex-rs/config.md#mcp_servers) section in `~/.codex/config.toml`. It is intended to mirror how tools such as Claude and Cursor define `mcpServers` in their respective JSON config files, though the Codex format is slightly different since it uses TOML rather than JSON, e.g.:
-
-```toml
-# IMPORTANT: the top-level key is `mcp_servers` rather than `mcpServers`.
-[mcp_servers.server-name]
-command = "npx"
-args = ["-y", "mcp-server"]
-env = { "API_KEY" = "value" }
-```
-
-> [!TIP]
-> It is somewhat experimental, but the Codex CLI can also be run as an MCP _server_ via `codex mcp`. If you launch it with an MCP client such as `npx @modelcontextprotocol/inspector codex mcp` and send it a `tools/list` request, you will see that there is only one tool, `codex`, that accepts a grab-bag of inputs, including a catch-all `config` map for anything you might want to override. Feel free to play around with it and provide feedback via GitHub issues.
-
-## Tracing / verbose logging
-
-Because Codex is written in Rust, it honors the `RUST_LOG` environment variable to configure its logging behavior.
-
-The TUI defaults to `RUST_LOG=codex_core=info,codex_tui=info` and log messages are written to `~/.codex/log/codex-tui.log`, so you can leave the following running in a separate terminal to monitor log messages as they are written:
-
-```
-tail -F ~/.codex/log/codex-tui.log
-```
-
-By comparison, the non-interactive mode (`codex exec`) defaults to `RUST_LOG=error`, but messages are printed inline, so there is no need to monitor a separate file.
-
-See the Rust documentation on [`RUST_LOG`](https://docs.rs/env_logger/latest/env_logger/#enabling-logging) for more information on the configuration options.
-
----
-
-### DotSlash
-
-The GitHub Release also contains a [DotSlash](https://dotslash-cli.com/) file for the Codex CLI named `codex`. Using a DotSlash file makes it possible to make a lightweight commit to source control to ensure all contributors use the same version of an executable, regardless of what platform they use for development.
-
-</details>
-
-<details>
-<summary><strong>Build from source</strong></summary>
-
-```bash
-# Clone the repository and navigate to the root of the Cargo workspace.
-git clone https://github.com/openai/codex.git
-cd codex/codex-rs
-
-# Install the Rust toolchain, if necessary.
-curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs | sh -s -- -y
-source "$HOME/.cargo/env"
-rustup component add rustfmt
-rustup component add clippy
-
-# Build Codex.
-cargo build
-
-# Launch the TUI with a sample prompt.
-cargo run --bin codex -- "explain this codebase to me"
-
-# After making changes, ensure the code is clean.
-cargo fmt -- --config imports_granularity=Item
-cargo clippy --tests
-
-# Run the tests.
-cargo test
-```
-
-</details>
-
----
-
-## Configuration
-
-Codex supports a rich set of configuration options documented in [`codex-rs/config.md`](./codex-rs/config.md).
-
-By default, Codex loads its configuration from `~/.codex/config.toml`.
-
-Though `--config` can be used to set/override ad-hoc config values for individual invocations of `codex`.
-
----
-
-## FAQ
-
-<details>
-<summary>OpenAI released a model called Codex in 2021 - is this related?</summary>
-
-In 2021, OpenAI released Codex, an AI system designed to generate code from natural language prompts. That original Codex model was deprecated as of March 2023 and is separate from the CLI tool.
-
-</details>
-
-<details>
-<summary>Which models are supported?</summary>
-
-Any model available with [Responses API](https://platform.openai.com/docs/api-reference/responses). The default is `o4-mini`, but pass `--model gpt-4.1` or set `model: gpt-4.1` in your config file to override.
-
-</details>
-<details>
-<summary>Why does <code>o3</code> or <code>o4-mini</code> not work for me?</summary>
-
-It's possible that your [API account needs to be verified](https://help.openai.com/en/articles/10910291-api-organization-verification) in order to start streaming responses and seeing chain of thought summaries from the API. If you're still running into issues, please let us know!
-
-</details>
-
-<details>
-<summary>How do I stop Codex from editing my files?</summary>
-
-Codex runs model-generated commands in a sandbox. If a proposed command or file change doesn't look right, you can simply type **n** to deny the command or give the model feedback.
-
-</details>
-<details>
-<summary>Does it work on Windows?</summary>
-
-Not directly. It requires [Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL2)](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/install) - Codex has been tested on macOS and Linux with Node 22.
-
-</details>
-
----
-
-## Zero data retention (ZDR) usage
-
-Codex CLI **does** support OpenAI organizations with [Zero Data Retention (ZDR)](https://platform.openai.com/docs/guides/your-data#zero-data-retention) enabled. If your OpenAI organization has Zero Data Retention enabled and you still encounter errors such as:
-
-```
-OpenAI rejected the request. Error details: Status: 400, Code: unsupported_parameter, Type: invalid_request_error, Message: 400 Previous response cannot be used for this organization due to Zero Data Retention.
-```
-
-Ensure you are running `codex` with `--config disable_response_storage=true` or add this line to `~/.codex/config.toml` to avoid specifying the command line option each time:
-
-```toml
-disable_response_storage = true
-```
-
-See [the configuration documentation on `disable_response_storage`](./codex-rs/config.md#disable_response_storage) for details.
-
----
-
-## Codex open source fund
-
-We're excited to launch a **$1 million initiative** supporting open source projects that use Codex CLI and other OpenAI models.
-
-- Grants are awarded up to **$25,000** API credits.
-- Applications are reviewed **on a rolling basis**.
-
-**Interested? [Apply here](https://openai.com/form/codex-open-source-fund/).**
-
----
-
-## Contributing
-
-This project is under active development and the code will likely change pretty significantly.
-
-**At the moment, we only plan to prioritize reviewing external contributions for bugs or security fixes.**
-
-If you want to add a new feature or change the behavior of an existing one, please open an issue proposing the feature and get approval from an OpenAI team member before spending time building it.
-
-**New contributions that don't go through this process may be closed** if they aren't aligned with our current roadmap or conflict with other priorities/upcoming features.
-
-### Development workflow
-
-- Create a _topic branch_ from `main` - e.g. `feat/interactive-prompt`.
-- Keep your changes focused. Multiple unrelated fixes should be opened as separate PRs.
-- Following the [development setup](#development-workflow) instructions above, ensure your change is free of lint warnings and test failures.
-
-### Writing high-impact code changes
-
-1. **Start with an issue.** Open a new one or comment on an existing discussion so we can agree on the solution before code is written.
-2. **Add or update tests.** Every new feature or bug-fix should come with test coverage that fails before your change and passes afterwards. 100% coverage is not required, but aim for meaningful assertions.
-3. **Document behaviour.** If your change affects user-facing behaviour, update the README, inline help (`codex --help`), or relevant example projects.
-4. **Keep commits atomic.** Each commit should compile and the tests should pass. This makes reviews and potential rollbacks easier.
-
-### Opening a pull request
-
-- Fill in the PR template (or include similar information) - **What? Why? How?**
-- Run **all** checks locally (`cargo test && cargo clippy --tests && cargo fmt -- --config imports_granularity=Item`). CI failures that could have been caught locally slow down the process.
-- Make sure your branch is up-to-date with `main` and that you have resolved merge conflicts.
-- Mark the PR as **Ready for review** only when you believe it is in a merge-able state.
-
-### Review process
-
-1. One maintainer will be assigned as a primary reviewer.
-2. If your PR adds a new feature that was not previously discussed and approved, we may choose to close your PR (see [Contributing](#contributing)).
-3. We may ask for changes - please do not take this personally. We value the work, but we also value consistency and long-term maintainability.
-5. When there is consensus that the PR meets the bar, a maintainer will squash-and-merge.
-
-### Community values
-
-- **Be kind and inclusive.** Treat others with respect; we follow the [Contributor Covenant](https://www.contributor-covenant.org/).
-- **Assume good intent.** Written communication is hard - err on the side of generosity.
-- **Teach & learn.** If you spot something confusing, open an issue or PR with improvements.
-
-### Getting help
-
-If you run into problems setting up the project, would like feedback on an idea, or just want to say _hi_ - please open a Discussion or jump into the relevant issue. We are happy to help.
-
-Together we can make Codex CLI an incredible tool. **Happy hacking!** :rocket:
-
-### Contributor license agreement (CLA)
-
-All contributors **must** accept the CLA. The process is lightweight:
-
-1. Open your pull request.
-2. Paste the following comment (or reply `recheck` if you've signed before):
-
-   ```text
-   I have read the CLA Document and I hereby sign the CLA
-   ```
-
-3. The CLA-Assistant bot records your signature in the repo and marks the status check as passed.
-
-No special Git commands, email attachments, or commit footers required.
-
-#### Quick fixes
-
-| Scenario          | Command                                          |
-| ----------------- | ------------------------------------------------ |
-| Amend last commit | `git commit --amend -s --no-edit && git push -f` |
-
-The **DCO check** blocks merges until every commit in the PR carries the footer (with squash this is just the one).
-
-### Releasing `codex`
-
-_For admins only._
-
-Make sure you are on `main` and have no local changes. Then run:
-
-```shell
-VERSION=0.2.0  # Can also be 0.2.0-alpha.1 or any valid Rust version.
-./codex-rs/scripts/create_github_release.sh "$VERSION"
-```
-
-This will make a local commit on top of `main` with `version` set to `$VERSION` in `codex-rs/Cargo.toml` (note that on `main`, we leave the version as `version = "0.0.0"`).
-
-This will push the commit using the tag `rust-v${VERSION}`, which in turn kicks off [the release workflow](.github/workflows/rust-release.yml). This will create a new GitHub Release named `$VERSION`.
-
-If everything looks good in the generated GitHub Release, uncheck the **pre-release** box so it is the latest release.
-
-Create a PR to update [`Formula/c/codex.rb`](https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew-core/blob/main/Formula/c/codex.rb) on Homebrew.
-
----
-
-## Security & responsible AI
-
-Have you discovered a vulnerability or have concerns about model output? Please e-mail **security@openai.com** and we will respond promptly.
+### Docs & FAQ
+
+- [**Getting started**](./docs/getting-started.md)
+  - [CLI usage](./docs/getting-started.md#cli-usage)
+  - [Running with a prompt as input](./docs/getting-started.md#running-with-a-prompt-as-input)
+  - [Example prompts](./docs/getting-started.md#example-prompts)
+  - [Memory with AGENTS.md](./docs/getting-started.md#memory--project-docs)
+  - [Configuration](./docs/config.md)
+- [**Sandbox & approvals**](./docs/sandbox.md)
+- [**Authentication**](./docs/authentication.md)
+  - [Auth methods](./docs/authentication.md#forcing-a-specific-auth-method-advanced)
+  - [Login on a "Headless" machine](./docs/authentication.md#connecting-on-a-headless-machine)
+- [**Advanced**](./docs/advanced.md)
+  - [Non-interactive / CI mode](./docs/advanced.md#non-interactive--ci-mode)
+  - [Tracing / verbose logging](./docs/advanced.md#tracing--verbose-logging)
+  - [Model Context Protocol (MCP)](./docs/advanced.md#model-context-protocol-mcp)
+- [**Zero data retention (ZDR)**](./docs/zdr.md)
+- [**Contributing**](./docs/contributing.md)
+- [**Install & build**](./docs/install.md)
+  - [System Requirements](./docs/install.md#system-requirements)
+  - [DotSlash](./docs/install.md#dotslash)
+  - [Build from source](./docs/install.md#build-from-source)
+- [**FAQ**](./docs/faq.md)
+- [**Open source fund**](./docs/open-source-fund.md)
 
 ---
 
 ## License
 
 This repository is licensed under the [Apache-2.0 License](LICENSE).
+

codex-rs/Cargo.lock

@@ -1001,6 +1001,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "tui-markdown",
  "unicode-segmentation",
  "unicode-width 0.1.14",
+ "url",
  "uuid",
  "vt100",
 ]

codex-rs/Cargo.toml

@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ rust = {}
 
 [workspace.lints.clippy]
 expect_used = "deny"
+uninlined_format_args = "deny"
 unwrap_used = "deny"
 
 [profile.release]

codex-rs/README.md

@@ -19,11 +19,11 @@ While we are [working to close the gap between the TypeScript and Rust implement
 
 ### Config
 
-Codex supports a rich set of configuration options. Note that the Rust CLI uses `config.toml` instead of `config.json`. See [`config.md`](./config.md) for details.
+Codex supports a rich set of configuration options. Note that the Rust CLI uses `config.toml` instead of `config.json`. See [`docs/config.md`](../docs/config.md) for details.
 
 ### Model Context Protocol Support
 
-Codex CLI functions as an MCP client that can connect to MCP servers on startup. See the [`mcp_servers`](./config.md#mcp_servers) section in the configuration documentation for details.
+Codex CLI functions as an MCP client that can connect to MCP servers on startup. See the [`mcp_servers`](../docs/config.md#mcp_servers) section in the configuration documentation for details.
 
 It is still experimental, but you can also launch Codex as an MCP _server_ by running `codex mcp`. Use the [`@modelcontextprotocol/inspector`](https://github.com/modelcontextprotocol/inspector) to try it out:
 
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ npx @modelcontextprotocol/inspector codex mcp
 
 ### Notifications
 
-You can enable notifications by configuring a script that is run whenever the agent finishes a turn. The [notify documentation](./config.md#notify) includes a detailed example that explains how to get desktop notifications via [terminal-notifier](https://github.com/julienXX/terminal-notifier) on macOS.
+You can enable notifications by configuring a script that is run whenever the agent finishes a turn. The [notify documentation](../docs/config.md#notify) includes a detailed example that explains how to get desktop notifications via [terminal-notifier](https://github.com/julienXX/terminal-notifier) on macOS.
 
 ### `codex exec` to run Codex programmatially/non-interactively
 

codex-rs/config.md

@@ -1,564 +1,6 @@
-# Config
+# Configuration docs moved
 
-Codex supports several mechanisms for setting config values:
+This file has moved. Please see the latest configuration documentation here:
 
-- Config-specific command-line flags, such as `--model o3` (highest precedence).
-- A generic `-c`/`--config` flag that takes a `key=value` pair, such as `--config model="o3"`.
-  - The key can contain dots to set a value deeper than the root, e.g. `--config model_providers.openai.wire_api="chat"`.
-  - Values can contain objects, such as `--config shell_environment_policy.include_only=["PATH", "HOME", "USER"]`.
-  - For consistency with `config.toml`, values are in TOML format rather than JSON format, so use `{a = 1, b = 2}` rather than `{"a": 1, "b": 2}`.
-  - If `value` cannot be parsed as a valid TOML value, it is treated as a string value. This means that both `-c model="o3"` and `-c model=o3` are equivalent.
-- The `$CODEX_HOME/config.toml` configuration file where the `CODEX_HOME` environment value defaults to `~/.codex`. (Note `CODEX_HOME` will also be where logs and other Codex-related information are stored.)
-
-Both the `--config` flag and the `config.toml` file support the following options:
-
-## model
-
-The model that Codex should use.
-
-```toml
-model = "o3"  # overrides the default of "gpt-5"
-```
-
-## model_providers
-
-This option lets you override and amend the default set of model providers bundled with Codex. This value is a map where the key is the value to use with `model_provider` to select the corresponding provider.
-
-For example, if you wanted to add a provider that uses the OpenAI 4o model via the chat completions API, then you could add the following configuration:
-
-```toml
-# Recall that in TOML, root keys must be listed before tables.
-model = "gpt-4o"
-model_provider = "openai-chat-completions"
-
-[model_providers.openai-chat-completions]
-# Name of the provider that will be displayed in the Codex UI.
-name = "OpenAI using Chat Completions"
-# The path `/chat/completions` will be amended to this URL to make the POST
-# request for the chat completions.
-base_url = "https://api.openai.com/v1"
-# If `env_key` is set, identifies an environment variable that must be set when
-# using Codex with this provider. The value of the environment variable must be
-# non-empty and will be used in the `Bearer TOKEN` HTTP header for the POST request.
-env_key = "OPENAI_API_KEY"
-# Valid values for wire_api are "chat" and "responses". Defaults to "chat" if omitted.
-wire_api = "chat"
-# If necessary, extra query params that need to be added to the URL.
-# See the Azure example below.
-query_params = {}
-```
-
-Note this makes it possible to use Codex CLI with non-OpenAI models, so long as they use a wire API that is compatible with the OpenAI chat completions API. For example, you could define the following provider to use Codex CLI with Ollama running locally:
-
-```toml
-[model_providers.ollama]
-name = "Ollama"
-base_url = "http://localhost:11434/v1"
-```
-
-Or a third-party provider (using a distinct environment variable for the API key):
-
-```toml
-[model_providers.mistral]
-name = "Mistral"
-base_url = "https://api.mistral.ai/v1"
-env_key = "MISTRAL_API_KEY"
-```
-
-Note that Azure requires `api-version` to be passed as a query parameter, so be sure to specify it as part of `query_params` when defining the Azure provider:
-
-```toml
-[model_providers.azure]
-name = "Azure"
-# Make sure you set the appropriate subdomain for this URL.
-base_url = "https://YOUR_PROJECT_NAME.openai.azure.com/openai"
-env_key = "AZURE_OPENAI_API_KEY"  # Or "OPENAI_API_KEY", whichever you use.
-query_params = { api-version = "2025-04-01-preview" }
-```
-
-It is also possible to configure a provider to include extra HTTP headers with a request. These can be hardcoded values (`http_headers`) or values read from environment variables (`env_http_headers`):
-
-```toml
-[model_providers.example]
-# name, base_url, ...
-
-# This will add the HTTP header `X-Example-Header` with value `example-value`
-# to each request to the model provider.
-http_headers = { "X-Example-Header" = "example-value" }
-
-# This will add the HTTP header `X-Example-Features` with the value of the
-# `EXAMPLE_FEATURES` environment variable to each request to the model provider
-# _if_ the environment variable is set and its value is non-empty.
-env_http_headers = { "X-Example-Features": "EXAMPLE_FEATURES" }
-```
-
-### Per-provider network tuning
-
-The following optional settings control retry behaviour and streaming idle timeouts **per model provider**. They must be specified inside the corresponding `[model_providers.<id>]` block in `config.toml`. (Older releases accepted top‑level keys; those are now ignored.)
-
-Example:
-
-```toml
-[model_providers.openai]
-name = "OpenAI"
-base_url = "https://api.openai.com/v1"
-env_key = "OPENAI_API_KEY"
-# network tuning overrides (all optional; falls back to built‑in defaults)
-request_max_retries = 4            # retry failed HTTP requests
-stream_max_retries = 10            # retry dropped SSE streams
-stream_idle_timeout_ms = 300000    # 5m idle timeout
-```
-
-#### request_max_retries
-
-How many times Codex will retry a failed HTTP request to the model provider. Defaults to `4`.
-
-#### stream_max_retries
-
-Number of times Codex will attempt to reconnect when a streaming response is interrupted. Defaults to `10`.
-
-#### stream_idle_timeout_ms
-
-How long Codex will wait for activity on a streaming response before treating the connection as lost. Defaults to `300_000` (5 minutes).
-
-## model_provider
-
-Identifies which provider to use from the `model_providers` map. Defaults to `"openai"`. You can override the `base_url` for the built-in `openai` provider via the `OPENAI_BASE_URL` environment variable.
-
-Note that if you override `model_provider`, then you likely want to override
-`model`, as well. For example, if you are running ollama with Mistral locally,
-then you would need to add the following to your config in addition to the new entry in the `model_providers` map:
-
-```toml
-model_provider = "ollama"
-model = "mistral"
-```
-
-## approval_policy
-
-Determines when the user should be prompted to approve whether Codex can execute a command:
-
-```toml
-# Codex has hardcoded logic that defines a set of "trusted" commands.
-# Setting the approval_policy to `untrusted` means that Codex will prompt the
-# user before running a command not in the "trusted" set.
-#
-# See https://github.com/openai/codex/issues/1260 for the plan to enable
-# end-users to define their own trusted commands.
-approval_policy = "untrusted"
-```
-
-If you want to be notified whenever a command fails, use "on-failure":
-
-```toml
-# If the command fails when run in the sandbox, Codex asks for permission to
-# retry the command outside the sandbox.
-approval_policy = "on-failure"
-```
-
-If you want the model to run until it decides that it needs to ask you for escalated permissions, use "on-request":
-
-```toml
-# The model decides when to escalate
-approval_policy = "on-request"
-```
-
-Alternatively, you can have the model run until it is done, and never ask to run a command with escalated permissions:
-
-```toml
-# User is never prompted: if the command fails, Codex will automatically try
-# something out. Note the `exec` subcommand always uses this mode.
-approval_policy = "never"
-```
-
-## profiles
-
-A _profile_ is a collection of configuration values that can be set together. Multiple profiles can be defined in `config.toml` and you can specify the one you
-want to use at runtime via the `--profile` flag.
-
-Here is an example of a `config.toml` that defines multiple profiles:
-
-```toml
-model = "o3"
-approval_policy = "unless-allow-listed"
-disable_response_storage = false
-
-# Setting `profile` is equivalent to specifying `--profile o3` on the command
-# line, though the `--profile` flag can still be used to override this value.
-profile = "o3"
-
-[model_providers.openai-chat-completions]
-name = "OpenAI using Chat Completions"
-base_url = "https://api.openai.com/v1"
-env_key = "OPENAI_API_KEY"
-wire_api = "chat"
-
-[profiles.o3]
-model = "o3"
-model_provider = "openai"
-approval_policy = "never"
-model_reasoning_effort = "high"
-model_reasoning_summary = "detailed"
-
-[profiles.gpt3]
-model = "gpt-3.5-turbo"
-model_provider = "openai-chat-completions"
-
-[profiles.zdr]
-model = "o3"
-model_provider = "openai"
-approval_policy = "on-failure"
-disable_response_storage = true
-```
-
-Users can specify config values at multiple levels. Order of precedence is as follows:
-
-1. custom command-line argument, e.g., `--model o3`
-2. as part of a profile, where the `--profile` is specified via a CLI (or in the config file itself)
-3. as an entry in `config.toml`, e.g., `model = "o3"`
-4. the default value that comes with Codex CLI (i.e., Codex CLI defaults to `gpt-5`)
-
-## model_reasoning_effort
-
-If the selected model is known to support reasoning (for example: `o3`, `o4-mini`, `codex-*`, `gpt-5`), reasoning is enabled by default when using the Responses API. As explained in the [OpenAI Platform documentation](https://platform.openai.com/docs/guides/reasoning?api-mode=responses#get-started-with-reasoning), this can be set to:
-
-- `"minimal"`
-- `"low"`
-- `"medium"` (default)
-- `"high"`
-
-Note: to minimize reasoning, choose `"minimal"`.
-
-## model_reasoning_summary
-
-If the model name starts with `"o"` (as in `"o3"` or `"o4-mini"`) or `"codex"`, reasoning is enabled by default when using the Responses API. As explained in the [OpenAI Platform documentation](https://platform.openai.com/docs/guides/reasoning?api-mode=responses#reasoning-summaries), this can be set to:
-
-- `"auto"` (default)
-- `"concise"`
-- `"detailed"`
-
-To disable reasoning summaries, set `model_reasoning_summary` to `"none"` in your config:
-
-```toml
-model_reasoning_summary = "none"  # disable reasoning summaries
-```
-
-## model_verbosity
-
-Controls output length/detail on GPT‑5 family models when using the Responses API. Supported values:
-
-- `"low"`
-- `"medium"` (default when omitted)
-- `"high"`
-
-When set, Codex includes a `text` object in the request payload with the configured verbosity, for example: `"text": { "verbosity": "low" }`.
-
-Example:
-
-```toml
-model = "gpt-5"
-model_verbosity = "low"
-```
-
-Note: This applies only to providers using the Responses API. Chat Completions providers are unaffected.
-
-## model_supports_reasoning_summaries
-
-By default, `reasoning` is only set on requests to OpenAI models that are known to support them. To force `reasoning` to set on requests to the current model, you can force this behavior by setting the following in `config.toml`:
-
-```toml
-model_supports_reasoning_summaries = true
-```
-
-## sandbox_mode
-
-Codex executes model-generated shell commands inside an OS-level sandbox.
-
-In most cases you can pick the desired behaviour with a single option:
-
-```toml
-# same as `--sandbox read-only`
-sandbox_mode = "read-only"
-```
-
-The default policy is `read-only`, which means commands can read any file on
-disk, but attempts to write a file or access the network will be blocked.
-
-A more relaxed policy is `workspace-write`. When specified, the current working directory for the Codex task will be writable (as well as `$TMPDIR` on macOS). Note that the CLI defaults to using the directory where it was spawned as `cwd`, though this can be overridden using `--cwd/-C`.
-
-On macOS (and soon Linux), all writable roots (including `cwd`) that contain a `.git/` folder _as an immediate child_ will configure the `.git/` folder to be read-only while the rest of the Git repository will be writable. This means that commands like `git commit` will fail, by default (as it entails writing to `.git/`), and will require Codex to ask for permission.
-
-```toml
-# same as `--sandbox workspace-write`
-sandbox_mode = "workspace-write"
-
-# Extra settings that only apply when `sandbox = "workspace-write"`.
-[sandbox_workspace_write]
-# By default, the cwd for the Codex session will be writable as well as $TMPDIR
-# (if set) and /tmp (if it exists). Setting the respective options to `true`
-# will override those defaults.
-exclude_tmpdir_env_var = false
-exclude_slash_tmp = false
-
-# Optional list of _additional_ writable roots beyond $TMPDIR and /tmp.
-writable_roots = ["/Users/YOU/.pyenv/shims"]
-
-# Allow the command being run inside the sandbox to make outbound network
-# requests. Disabled by default.
-network_access = false
-```
-
-To disable sandboxing altogether, specify `danger-full-access` like so:
-
-```toml
-# same as `--sandbox danger-full-access`
-sandbox_mode = "danger-full-access"
-```
-
-This is reasonable to use if Codex is running in an environment that provides its own sandboxing (such as a Docker container) such that further sandboxing is unnecessary.
-
-Though using this option may also be necessary if you try to use Codex in environments where its native sandboxing mechanisms are unsupported, such as older Linux kernels or on Windows.
-
-## Approval presets
-
-Codex provides three main Approval Presets:
-
-- Read Only: Codex can read files and answer questions; edits, running commands, and network access require approval.
-- Auto: Codex can read files, make edits, and run commands in the workspace without approval; asks for approval outside the workspace or for network access.
-- Full Access: Full disk and network access without prompts; extremely risky.
-
-You can further customize how Codex runs at the command line using the `--ask-for-approval` and `--sandbox` options.
-
-## mcp_servers
-
-Defines the list of MCP servers that Codex can consult for tool use. Currently, only servers that are launched by executing a program that communicate over stdio are supported. For servers that use the SSE transport, consider an adapter like [mcp-proxy](https://github.com/sparfenyuk/mcp-proxy).
-
-**Note:** Codex may cache the list of tools and resources from an MCP server so that Codex can include this information in context at startup without spawning all the servers. This is designed to save resources by loading MCP servers lazily.
-
-This config option is comparable to how Claude and Cursor define `mcpServers` in their respective JSON config files, though because Codex uses TOML for its config language, the format is slightly different. For example, the following config in JSON:
-
-```json
-{
-  "mcpServers": {
-    "server-name": {
-      "command": "npx",
-      "args": ["-y", "mcp-server"],
-      "env": {
-        "API_KEY": "value"
-      }
-    }
-  }
-}
-```
-
-Should be represented as follows in `~/.codex/config.toml`:
-
-```toml
-# IMPORTANT: the top-level key is `mcp_servers` rather than `mcpServers`.
-[mcp_servers.server-name]
-command = "npx"
-args = ["-y", "mcp-server"]
-env = { "API_KEY" = "value" }
-```
-
-## disable_response_storage
-
-Currently, customers whose accounts are set to use Zero Data Retention (ZDR) must set `disable_response_storage` to `true` so that Codex uses an alternative to the Responses API that works with ZDR:
-
-```toml
-disable_response_storage = true
-```
-
-## shell_environment_policy
-
-Codex spawns subprocesses (e.g. when executing a `local_shell` tool-call suggested by the assistant). By default it now passes **your full environment** to those subprocesses. You can tune this behavior via the **`shell_environment_policy`** block in `config.toml`:
-
-```toml
-[shell_environment_policy]
-# inherit can be "all" (default), "core", or "none"
-inherit = "core"
-# set to true to *skip* the filter for `"*KEY*"` and `"*TOKEN*"`
-ignore_default_excludes = false
-# exclude patterns (case-insensitive globs)
-exclude = ["AWS_*", "AZURE_*"]
-# force-set / override values
-set = { CI = "1" }
-# if provided, *only* vars matching these patterns are kept
-include_only = ["PATH", "HOME"]
-```
-
-| Field                     | Type                       | Default | Description                                                                                                                                     |
-| ------------------------- | -------------------------- | ------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
-| `inherit`                 | string                     | `all`   | Starting template for the environment:<br>`all` (clone full parent env), `core` (`HOME`, `PATH`, `USER`, …), or `none` (start empty).           |
-| `ignore_default_excludes` | boolean                    | `false` | When `false`, Codex removes any var whose **name** contains `KEY`, `SECRET`, or `TOKEN` (case-insensitive) before other rules run.              |
-| `exclude`                 | array&lt;string&gt;        | `[]`    | Case-insensitive glob patterns to drop after the default filter.<br>Examples: `"AWS_*"`, `"AZURE_*"`.                                           |
-| `set`                     | table&lt;string,string&gt; | `{}`    | Explicit key/value overrides or additions – always win over inherited values.                                                                   |
-| `include_only`            | array&lt;string&gt;        | `[]`    | If non-empty, a whitelist of patterns; only variables that match _one_ pattern survive the final step. (Generally used with `inherit = "all"`.) |
-
-The patterns are **glob style**, not full regular expressions: `*` matches any
-number of characters, `?` matches exactly one, and character classes like
-`[A-Z]`/`[^0-9]` are supported. Matching is always **case-insensitive**. This
-syntax is documented in code as `EnvironmentVariablePattern` (see
-`core/src/config_types.rs`).
-
-If you just need a clean slate with a few custom entries you can write:
-
-```toml
-[shell_environment_policy]
-inherit = "none"
-set = { PATH = "/usr/bin", MY_FLAG = "1" }
-```
-
-Currently, `CODEX_SANDBOX_NETWORK_DISABLED=1` is also added to the environment, assuming network is disabled. This is not configurable.
-
-## notify
-
-Specify a program that will be executed to get notified about events generated by Codex. Note that the program will receive the notification argument as a string of JSON, e.g.:
-
-```json
-{
-  "type": "agent-turn-complete",
-  "turn-id": "12345",
-  "input-messages": ["Rename `foo` to `bar` and update the callsites."],
-  "last-assistant-message": "Rename complete and verified `cargo build` succeeds."
-}
-```
-
-The `"type"` property will always be set. Currently, `"agent-turn-complete"` is the only notification type that is supported.
-
-As an example, here is a Python script that parses the JSON and decides whether to show a desktop push notification using [terminal-notifier](https://github.com/julienXX/terminal-notifier) on macOS:
-
-```python
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
-
-import json
-import subprocess
-import sys
-
-
-def main() -> int:
-    if len(sys.argv) != 2:
-        print("Usage: notify.py <NOTIFICATION_JSON>")
-        return 1
-
-    try:
-        notification = json.loads(sys.argv[1])
-    except json.JSONDecodeError:
-        return 1
-
-    match notification_type := notification.get("type"):
-        case "agent-turn-complete":
-            assistant_message = notification.get("last-assistant-message")
-            if assistant_message:
-                title = f"Codex: {assistant_message}"
-            else:
-                title = "Codex: Turn Complete!"
-            input_messages = notification.get("input_messages", [])
-            message = " ".join(input_messages)
-            title += message
-        case _:
-            print(f"not sending a push notification for: {notification_type}")
-            return 0
-
-    subprocess.check_output(
-        [
-            "terminal-notifier",
-            "-title",
-            title,
-            "-message",
-            message,
-            "-group",
-            "codex",
-            "-ignoreDnD",
-            "-activate",
-            "com.googlecode.iterm2",
-        ]
-    )
-
-    return 0
-
-
-if __name__ == "__main__":
-    sys.exit(main())
-```
-
-To have Codex use this script for notifications, you would configure it via `notify` in `~/.codex/config.toml` using the appropriate path to `notify.py` on your computer:
-
-```toml
-notify = ["python3", "/Users/mbolin/.codex/notify.py"]
-```
-
-## history
-
-By default, Codex CLI records messages sent to the model in `$CODEX_HOME/history.jsonl`. Note that on UNIX, the file permissions are set to `o600`, so it should only be readable and writable by the owner.
-
-To disable this behavior, configure `[history]` as follows:
-
-```toml
-[history]
-persistence = "none"  # "save-all" is the default value
-```
-
-## file_opener
-
-Identifies the editor/URI scheme to use for hyperlinking citations in model output. If set, citations to files in the model output will be hyperlinked using the specified URI scheme so they can be ctrl/cmd-clicked from the terminal to open them.
-
-For example, if the model output includes a reference such as `【F:/home/user/project/main.py†L42-L50】`, then this would be rewritten to link to the URI `vscode://file/home/user/project/main.py:42`.
-
-Note this is **not** a general editor setting (like `$EDITOR`), as it only accepts a fixed set of values:
-
-- `"vscode"` (default)
-- `"vscode-insiders"`
-- `"windsurf"`
-- `"cursor"`
-- `"none"` to explicitly disable this feature
-
-Currently, `"vscode"` is the default, though Codex does not verify VS Code is installed. As such, `file_opener` may default to `"none"` or something else in the future.
-
-## hide_agent_reasoning
-
-Codex intermittently emits "reasoning" events that show the model's internal "thinking" before it produces a final answer. Some users may find these events distracting, especially in CI logs or minimal terminal output.
-
-Setting `hide_agent_reasoning` to `true` suppresses these events in **both** the TUI as well as the headless `exec` sub-command:
-
-```toml
-hide_agent_reasoning = true   # defaults to false
-```
-
-## show_raw_agent_reasoning
-
-Surfaces the model’s raw chain-of-thought ("raw reasoning content") when available.
-
-Notes:
-
-- Only takes effect if the selected model/provider actually emits raw reasoning content. Many models do not. When unsupported, this option has no visible effect.
-- Raw reasoning may include intermediate thoughts or sensitive context. Enable only if acceptable for your workflow.
-
-Example:
-
-```toml
-show_raw_agent_reasoning = true  # defaults to false
-```
-
-## model_context_window
-
-The size of the context window for the model, in tokens.
-
-In general, Codex knows the context window for the most common OpenAI models, but if you are using a new model with an old version of the Codex CLI, then you can use `model_context_window` to tell Codex what value to use to determine how much context is left during a conversation.
-
-## model_max_output_tokens
-
-This is analogous to `model_context_window`, but for the maximum number of output tokens for the model.
-
-## project_doc_max_bytes
-
-Maximum number of bytes to read from an `AGENTS.md` file to include in the instructions sent with the first turn of a session. Defaults to 32 KiB.
-
-## tui
-
-Options that are specific to the TUI.
-
-```toml
-[tui]
-# More to come here
-```
+- Full config docs: [docs/config.md](../docs/config.md)
+- MCP servers section: [docs/config.md#mcp_servers](../docs/config.md#mcp_servers) 

codex-rs/core/prompt.md

@@ -134,14 +134,6 @@ If completing the user's task requires writing or modifying files, your code and
 - Do not use one-letter variable names unless explicitly requested.
 - NEVER output inline citations like "【F:README.md†L5-L14】" in your outputs. The CLI is not able to render these so they will just be broken in the UI. Instead, if you output valid filepaths, users will be able to click on them to open the files in their editor.
 
-## Testing your work
-
-If the codebase has tests or the ability to build or run, you should use them to verify that your work is complete. Generally, your testing philosophy should be to start as specific as possible to the code you changed so that you can catch issues efficiently, then make your way to broader tests as you build confidence. If there's no test for the code you changed, and if the adjacent patterns in the codebases show that there's a logical place for you to add a test, you may do so. However, do not add tests to codebases with no tests, or where the patterns don't indicate so.
-
-Once you're confident in correctness, use formatting commands to ensure that your code is well formatted. These commands can take time so you should run them on as precise a target as possible. If there are issues you can iterate up to 3 times to get formatting right, but if you still can't manage it's better to save the user time and present them a correct solution where you call out the formatting in your final message. If the codebase does not have a formatter configured, do not add one.
-
-For all of testing, running, building, and formatting, do not attempt to fix unrelated bugs. It is not your responsibility to fix them. (You may mention them to the user in your final message though.)
-
 ## Sandbox and approvals
 
 The Codex CLI harness supports several different sandboxing, and approval configurations that the user can choose from.
@@ -177,6 +169,22 @@ Note that when sandboxing is set to read-only, you'll need to request approval f
 
 You will be told what filesystem sandboxing, network sandboxing, and approval mode are active in a developer or user message. If you are not told about this, assume that you are running with workspace-write, network sandboxing ON, and approval on-failure.
 
+## Validating your work
+
+If the codebase has tests or the ability to build or run, consider using them to verify that your work is complete. 
+
+When testing, your philosophy should be to start as specific as possible to the code you changed so that you can catch issues efficiently, then make your way to broader tests as you build confidence. If there's no test for the code you changed, and if the adjacent patterns in the codebases show that there's a logical place for you to add a test, you may do so. However, do not add tests to codebases with no tests.
+
+Similarly, once you're confident in correctness, you can suggest or use formatting commands to ensure that your code is well formatted. If there are issues you can iterate up to 3 times to get formatting right, but if you still can't manage it's better to save the user time and present them a correct solution where you call out the formatting in your final message. If the codebase does not have a formatter configured, do not add one.
+
+For all of testing, running, building, and formatting, do not attempt to fix unrelated bugs. It is not your responsibility to fix them. (You may mention them to the user in your final message though.)
+
+Be mindful of whether to run validation commands proactively. In the absence of behavioral guidance:
+
+- When running in non-interactive approval modes like **never** or **on-failure**, proactively run tests, lint and do whatever you need to ensure you've completed the task.
+- When working in interactive approval modes like **untrusted**, or **on-request**, hold off on running tests or lint commands until the user is ready for you to finalize your output, because these commands take time to run and slow down iteration. Instead suggest what you want to do next, and let the user confirm first.
+- When working on test-related tasks, such as adding tests, fixing tests, or reproducing a bug to verify behavior, you may proactively run tests regardless of approval mode. Use your judgement to decide whether this is a test-related task.
+
 ## Ambition vs. precision
 
 For tasks that have no prior context (i.e. the user is starting something brand new), you should feel free to be ambitious and demonstrate creativity with your implementation.

codex-rs/core/src/client.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 use std::io::BufRead;
 use std::path::Path;
-use std::sync::OnceLock;
 use std::time::Duration;
 
 use bytes::Bytes;
@@ -8,7 +7,6 @@ use codex_login::AuthManager;
 use codex_login::AuthMode;
 use eventsource_stream::Eventsource;
 use futures::prelude::*;
-use regex_lite::Regex;
 use reqwest::StatusCode;
 use serde::Deserialize;
 use serde::Serialize;
@@ -37,6 +35,7 @@ use crate::flags::CODEX_RS_SSE_FIXTURE;
 use crate::model_family::ModelFamily;
 use crate::model_provider_info::ModelProviderInfo;
 use crate::model_provider_info::WireApi;
+use crate::openai_model_info::get_model_info;
 use crate::openai_tools::create_tools_json_for_responses_api;
 use crate::protocol::TokenUsage;
 use crate::user_agent::get_codex_user_agent;
@@ -54,8 +53,11 @@ struct ErrorResponse {
 #[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
 struct Error {
     r#type: Option<String>,
-    code: Option<String>,
     message: Option<String>,
+
+    // Optional fields available on "usage_limit_reached" and "usage_not_included" errors
+    plan_type: Option<String>,
+    resets_in_seconds: Option<u64>,
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
@@ -89,6 +91,12 @@ impl ModelClient {
         }
     }
 
+    pub fn get_model_context_window(&self) -> Option<u64> {
+        self.config
+            .model_context_window
+            .or_else(|| get_model_info(&self.config.model_family).map(|info| info.context_window))
+    }
+
     /// Dispatches to either the Responses or Chat implementation depending on
     /// the provider config.  Public callers always invoke `stream()` – the
     /// specialised helpers are private to avoid accidental misuse.
@@ -142,9 +150,12 @@ impl ModelClient {
         }
 
         let auth_manager = self.auth_manager.clone();
-        let auth = auth_manager.as_ref().and_then(|m| m.auth());
 
-        let auth_mode = auth.as_ref().map(|a| a.mode);
+        let auth_mode = auth_manager
+            .as_ref()
+            .and_then(|m| m.auth())
+            .as_ref()
+            .map(|a| a.mode);
 
         let store = prompt.store && auth_mode != Some(AuthMode::ChatGPT);
 
@@ -211,15 +222,18 @@ impl ModelClient {
         let mut attempt = 0;
         let max_retries = self.provider.request_max_retries();
 
-        trace!(
-            "POST to {}: {}",
-            self.provider.get_full_url(&auth),
-            serde_json::to_string(&payload)?
-        );
-
         loop {
             attempt += 1;
 
+            // Always fetch the latest auth in case a prior attempt refreshed the token.
+            let auth = auth_manager.as_ref().and_then(|m| m.auth());
+
+            trace!(
+                "POST to {}: {}",
+                self.provider.get_full_url(&auth),
+                serde_json::to_string(&payload)?
+            );
+
             let mut req_builder = self
                 .provider
                 .create_request_builder(&self.client, &auth)
@@ -303,19 +317,20 @@ impl ModelClient {
 
                     if status == StatusCode::TOO_MANY_REQUESTS {
                         let body = res.json::<ErrorResponse>().await.ok();
-                        if let Some(ErrorResponse {
-                            error:
-                                Error {
-                                    r#type: Some(error_type),
-                                    ..
-                                },
-                        }) = body
-                        {
-                            if error_type == "usage_limit_reached" {
+                        if let Some(ErrorResponse { error }) = body {
+                            if error.r#type.as_deref() == Some("usage_limit_reached") {
+                                // Prefer the plan_type provided in the error message if present
+                                // because it's more up to date than the one encoded in the auth
+                                // token.
+                                let plan_type = error
+                                    .plan_type
+                                    .or_else(|| auth.and_then(|a| a.get_plan_type()));
+                                let resets_in_seconds = error.resets_in_seconds;
                                 return Err(CodexErr::UsageLimitReached(UsageLimitReachedError {
-                                    plan_type: auth.and_then(|a| a.get_plan_type()),
+                                    plan_type,
+                                    resets_in_seconds,
                                 }));
-                            } else if error_type == "usage_not_included" {
+                            } else if error.r#type.as_deref() == Some("usage_not_included") {
                                 return Err(CodexErr::UsageNotIncluded);
                             }
                         }
@@ -563,9 +578,8 @@ async fn process_sse<S>(
                     if let Some(error) = error {
                         match serde_json::from_value::<Error>(error.clone()) {
                             Ok(error) => {
-                                let delay = try_parse_retry_after(&error);
                                 let message = error.message.unwrap_or_default();
-                                response_error = Some(CodexErr::Stream(message, delay));
+                                response_error = Some(CodexErr::Stream(message, None));
                             }
                             Err(e) => {
                                 debug!("failed to parse ErrorResponse: {e}");
@@ -653,40 +667,6 @@ async fn stream_from_fixture(
     Ok(ResponseStream { rx_event })
 }
 
-fn rate_limit_regex() -> &'static Regex {
-    static RE: OnceLock<Regex> = OnceLock::new();
-
-    #[expect(clippy::unwrap_used)]
-    RE.get_or_init(|| Regex::new(r"Please try again in (\d+(?:\.\d+)?)(s|ms)").unwrap())
-}
-
-fn try_parse_retry_after(err: &Error) -> Option<Duration> {
-    if err.code != Some("rate_limit_exceeded".to_string()) {
-        return None;
-    }
-
-    // parse the Please try again in 1.898s format using regex
-    let re = rate_limit_regex();
-    if let Some(message) = &err.message
-        && let Some(captures) = re.captures(message)
-    {
-        let seconds = captures.get(1);
-        let unit = captures.get(2);
-
-        if let (Some(value), Some(unit)) = (seconds, unit) {
-            let value = value.as_str().parse::<f64>().ok()?;
-            let unit = unit.as_str();
-
-            if unit == "s" {
-                return Some(Duration::from_secs_f64(value));
-            } else if unit == "ms" {
-                return Some(Duration::from_millis(value as u64));
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    None
-}
-
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
@@ -907,7 +887,7 @@ mod tests {
                     msg,
                     "Rate limit reached for gpt-5 in organization org-AAA on tokens per min (TPM): Limit 30000, Used 22999, Requested 12528. Please try again in 11.054s. Visit https://platform.openai.com/account/rate-limits to learn more."
                 );
-                assert_eq!(*delay, Some(Duration::from_secs_f64(11.054)));
+                assert_eq!(*delay, None);
             }
             other => panic!("unexpected second event: {other:?}"),
         }
@@ -1011,27 +991,4 @@ mod tests {
             );
         }
     }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_try_parse_retry_after() {
-        let err = Error {
-            r#type: None,
-            message: Some("Rate limit reached for gpt-5 in organization org- on tokens per min (TPM): Limit 1, Used 1, Requested 19304. Please try again in 28ms. Visit https://platform.openai.com/account/rate-limits to learn more.".to_string()),
-            code: Some("rate_limit_exceeded".to_string()),
-        };
-
-        let delay = try_parse_retry_after(&err);
-        assert_eq!(delay, Some(Duration::from_millis(28)));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_try_parse_retry_after_no_delay() {
-        let err = Error {
-            r#type: None,
-            message: Some("Rate limit reached for gpt-5 in organization <ORG> on tokens per min (TPM): Limit 30000, Used 6899, Requested 24050. Please try again in 1.898s. Visit https://platform.openai.com/account/rate-limits to learn more.".to_string()),
-            code: Some("rate_limit_exceeded".to_string()),
-        };
-        let delay = try_parse_retry_after(&err);
-        assert_eq!(delay, Some(Duration::from_secs_f64(1.898)));
-    }
 }

codex-rs/core/src/codex.rs

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ use codex_apply_patch::MaybeApplyPatchVerified;
 use codex_apply_patch::maybe_parse_apply_patch_verified;
 use codex_login::AuthManager;
 use codex_protocol::protocol::ConversationHistoryResponseEvent;
+use codex_protocol::protocol::TaskStartedEvent;
 use codex_protocol::protocol::TurnAbortReason;
 use codex_protocol::protocol::TurnAbortedEvent;
 use futures::prelude::*;
@@ -62,6 +63,7 @@ use crate::exec_env::create_env;
 use crate::mcp_connection_manager::McpConnectionManager;
 use crate::mcp_tool_call::handle_mcp_tool_call;
 use crate::model_family::find_family_for_model;
+use crate::openai_model_info::get_model_info;
 use crate::openai_tools::ApplyPatchToolArgs;
 use crate::openai_tools::ToolsConfig;
 use crate::openai_tools::ToolsConfigParams;
@@ -516,6 +518,7 @@ impl Session {
                 include_apply_patch_tool: config.include_apply_patch_tool,
                 include_web_search_request: config.tools_web_search_request,
                 use_streamable_shell_tool: config.use_experimental_streamable_shell_tool,
+                include_view_image_tool: config.include_view_image_tool,
             }),
             user_instructions,
             base_instructions,
@@ -1079,6 +1082,9 @@ async fn submission_loop(
                 let mut updated_config = (*config).clone();
                 updated_config.model = effective_model.clone();
                 updated_config.model_family = effective_family.clone();
+                if let Some(model_info) = get_model_info(&effective_family) {
+                    updated_config.model_context_window = Some(model_info.context_window);
+                }
 
                 let client = ModelClient::new(
                     Arc::new(updated_config),
@@ -1103,6 +1109,7 @@ async fn submission_loop(
                     include_apply_patch_tool: config.include_apply_patch_tool,
                     include_web_search_request: config.tools_web_search_request,
                     use_streamable_shell_tool: config.use_experimental_streamable_shell_tool,
+                    include_view_image_tool: config.include_view_image_tool,
                 });
 
                 let new_turn_context = TurnContext {
@@ -1152,6 +1159,7 @@ async fn submission_loop(
                 if let Err(items) = sess.inject_input(items) {
                     // Derive a fresh TurnContext for this turn using the provided overrides.
                     let provider = turn_context.client.get_provider();
+                    let auth_manager = turn_context.client.get_auth_manager();
 
                     // Derive a model family for the requested model; fall back to the session's.
                     let model_family = find_family_for_model(&model)
@@ -1161,12 +1169,15 @@ async fn submission_loop(
                     let mut per_turn_config = (*config).clone();
                     per_turn_config.model = model.clone();
                     per_turn_config.model_family = model_family.clone();
+                    if let Some(model_info) = get_model_info(&model_family) {
+                        per_turn_config.model_context_window = Some(model_info.context_window);
+                    }
 
                     // Build a new client with per‑turn reasoning settings.
                     // Reuse the same provider and session id; auth defaults to env/API key.
                     let client = ModelClient::new(
                         Arc::new(per_turn_config),
-                        None,
+                        auth_manager,
                         provider,
                         effort,
                         summary,
@@ -1184,6 +1195,7 @@ async fn submission_loop(
                             include_web_search_request: config.tools_web_search_request,
                             use_streamable_shell_tool: config
                                 .use_experimental_streamable_shell_tool,
+                            include_view_image_tool: config.include_view_image_tool,
                         }),
                         user_instructions: turn_context.user_instructions.clone(),
                         base_instructions: turn_context.base_instructions.clone(),
@@ -1369,7 +1381,9 @@ async fn run_task(
     }
     let event = Event {
         id: sub_id.clone(),
-        msg: EventMsg::TaskStarted,
+        msg: EventMsg::TaskStarted(TaskStartedEvent {
+            model_context_window: turn_context.client.get_model_context_window(),
+        }),
     };
     if sess.tx_event.send(event).await.is_err() {
         return;
@@ -1769,11 +1783,6 @@ async fn try_run_turn(
                 return Ok(output);
             }
             ResponseEvent::OutputTextDelta(delta) => {
-                {
-                    let mut st = sess.state.lock_unchecked();
-                    st.history.append_assistant_text(&delta);
-                }
-
                 let event = Event {
                     id: sub_id.to_string(),
                     msg: EventMsg::AgentMessageDelta(AgentMessageDeltaEvent { delta }),
@@ -1816,9 +1825,12 @@ async fn run_compact_task(
     input: Vec<InputItem>,
     compact_instructions: String,
 ) {
+    let model_context_window = turn_context.client.get_model_context_window();
     let start_event = Event {
         id: sub_id.clone(),
-        msg: EventMsg::TaskStarted,
+        msg: EventMsg::TaskStarted(TaskStartedEvent {
+            model_context_window,
+        }),
     };
     if sess.tx_event.send(start_event).await.is_err() {
         return;
@@ -1872,6 +1884,12 @@ async fn run_compact_task(
     }
 
     sess.remove_task(&sub_id);
+
+    {
+        let mut state = sess.state.lock_unchecked();
+        state.history.keep_last_messages(1);
+    }
+
     let event = Event {
         id: sub_id.clone(),
         msg: EventMsg::AgentMessage(AgentMessageEvent {
@@ -1886,9 +1904,6 @@ async fn run_compact_task(
         }),
     };
     sess.send_event(event).await;
-
-    let mut state = sess.state.lock_unchecked();
-    state.history.keep_last_messages(1);
 }
 
 async fn handle_response_item(
@@ -2068,6 +2083,36 @@ async fn handle_function_call(
             )
             .await
         }
+        "view_image" => {
+            #[derive(serde::Deserialize)]
+            struct SeeImageArgs {
+                path: String,
+            }
+            let args = match serde_json::from_str::<SeeImageArgs>(&arguments) {
+                Ok(a) => a,
+                Err(e) => {
+                    return ResponseInputItem::FunctionCallOutput {
+                        call_id,
+                        output: FunctionCallOutputPayload {
+                            content: format!("failed to parse function arguments: {e}"),
+                            success: Some(false),
+                        },
+                    };
+                }
+            };
+            let abs = turn_context.resolve_path(Some(args.path));
+            let output = match sess.inject_input(vec![InputItem::LocalImage { path: abs }]) {
+                Ok(()) => FunctionCallOutputPayload {
+                    content: "attached local image path".to_string(),
+                    success: Some(true),
+                },
+                Err(_) => FunctionCallOutputPayload {
+                    content: "unable to attach image (no active task)".to_string(),
+                    success: Some(false),
+                },
+            };
+            ResponseInputItem::FunctionCallOutput { call_id, output }
+        }
         "apply_patch" => {
             let args = match serde_json::from_str::<ApplyPatchToolArgs>(&arguments) {
                 Ok(a) => a,
@@ -2454,11 +2499,15 @@ async fn handle_container_exec_with_params(
                 sandbox_type,
                 sandbox_policy: &turn_context.sandbox_policy,
                 codex_linux_sandbox_exe: &sess.codex_linux_sandbox_exe,
-                stdout_stream: Some(StdoutStream {
-                    sub_id: sub_id.clone(),
-                    call_id: call_id.clone(),
-                    tx_event: sess.tx_event.clone(),
-                }),
+                stdout_stream: if exec_command_context.apply_patch.is_some() {
+                    None
+                } else {
+                    Some(StdoutStream {
+                        sub_id: sub_id.clone(),
+                        call_id: call_id.clone(),
+                        tx_event: sess.tx_event.clone(),
+                    })
+                },
             },
         )
         .await;
@@ -2587,11 +2636,15 @@ async fn handle_sandbox_error(
                         sandbox_type: SandboxType::None,
                         sandbox_policy: &turn_context.sandbox_policy,
                         codex_linux_sandbox_exe: &sess.codex_linux_sandbox_exe,
-                        stdout_stream: Some(StdoutStream {
-                            sub_id: sub_id.clone(),
-                            call_id: call_id.clone(),
-                            tx_event: sess.tx_event.clone(),
-                        }),
+                        stdout_stream: if exec_command_context.apply_patch.is_some() {
+                            None
+                        } else {
+                            Some(StdoutStream {
+                                sub_id: sub_id.clone(),
+                                call_id: call_id.clone(),
+                                tx_event: sess.tx_event.clone(),
+                            })
+                        },
                     },
                 )
                 .await;

codex-rs/core/src/config.rs

@@ -178,6 +178,13 @@ pub struct Config {
     pub preferred_auth_method: AuthMode,
 
     pub use_experimental_streamable_shell_tool: bool,
+
+    /// Include the `view_image` tool that lets the agent attach a local image path to context.
+    pub include_view_image_tool: bool,
+    /// When true, disables burst-paste detection for typed input entirely.
+    /// All characters are inserted as they are received, and no buffering
+    /// or placeholder replacement will occur for fast keypress bursts.
+    pub disable_paste_burst: bool,
 }
 
 impl Config {
@@ -485,6 +492,11 @@ pub struct ConfigToml {
 
     /// Nested tools section for feature toggles
     pub tools: Option<ToolsToml>,
+
+    /// When true, disables burst-paste detection for typed input entirely.
+    /// All characters are inserted as they are received, and no buffering
+    /// or placeholder replacement will occur for fast keypress bursts.
+    pub disable_paste_burst: Option<bool>,
 }
 
 #[derive(Deserialize, Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
@@ -497,6 +509,10 @@ pub struct ToolsToml {
     // Renamed from `web_search_request`; keep alias for backwards compatibility.
     #[serde(default, alias = "web_search_request")]
     pub web_search: Option<bool>,
+
+    /// Enable the `view_image` tool that lets the agent attach local images.
+    #[serde(default)]
+    pub view_image: Option<bool>,
 }
 
 impl ConfigToml {
@@ -586,6 +602,7 @@ pub struct ConfigOverrides {
     pub base_instructions: Option<String>,
     pub include_plan_tool: Option<bool>,
     pub include_apply_patch_tool: Option<bool>,
+    pub include_view_image_tool: Option<bool>,
     pub disable_response_storage: Option<bool>,
     pub show_raw_agent_reasoning: Option<bool>,
     pub tools_web_search_request: Option<bool>,
@@ -613,6 +630,7 @@ impl Config {
             base_instructions,
             include_plan_tool,
             include_apply_patch_tool,
+            include_view_image_tool,
             disable_response_storage,
             show_raw_agent_reasoning,
             tools_web_search_request: override_tools_web_search_request,
@@ -681,6 +699,10 @@ impl Config {
             .or(cfg.tools.as_ref().and_then(|t| t.web_search))
             .unwrap_or(false);
 
+        let include_view_image_tool = include_view_image_tool
+            .or(cfg.tools.as_ref().and_then(|t| t.view_image))
+            .unwrap_or(true);
+
         let model = model
             .or(config_profile.model)
             .or(cfg.model)
@@ -784,6 +806,8 @@ impl Config {
             use_experimental_streamable_shell_tool: cfg
                 .experimental_use_exec_command_tool
                 .unwrap_or(false),
+            include_view_image_tool,
+            disable_paste_burst: cfg.disable_paste_burst.unwrap_or(false),
         };
         Ok(config)
     }
@@ -1152,6 +1176,8 @@ disable_response_storage = true
                 responses_originator_header: "codex_cli_rs".to_string(),
                 preferred_auth_method: AuthMode::ChatGPT,
                 use_experimental_streamable_shell_tool: false,
+                include_view_image_tool: true,
+                disable_paste_burst: false,
             },
             o3_profile_config
         );
@@ -1208,6 +1234,8 @@ disable_response_storage = true
             responses_originator_header: "codex_cli_rs".to_string(),
             preferred_auth_method: AuthMode::ChatGPT,
             use_experimental_streamable_shell_tool: false,
+            include_view_image_tool: true,
+            disable_paste_burst: false,
         };
 
         assert_eq!(expected_gpt3_profile_config, gpt3_profile_config);
@@ -1279,6 +1307,8 @@ disable_response_storage = true
             responses_originator_header: "codex_cli_rs".to_string(),
             preferred_auth_method: AuthMode::ChatGPT,
             use_experimental_streamable_shell_tool: false,
+            include_view_image_tool: true,
+            disable_paste_burst: false,
         };
 
         assert_eq!(expected_zdr_profile_config, zdr_profile_config);
@@ -1300,9 +1330,9 @@ disable_response_storage = true
 
         let raw_path = project_dir.path().to_string_lossy();
         let path_str = if raw_path.contains('\\') {
-            format!("'{}'", raw_path)
+            format!("'{raw_path}'")
         } else {
-            format!("\"{}\"", raw_path)
+            format!("\"{raw_path}\"")
         };
         let expected = format!(
             r#"[projects.{path_str}]
@@ -1323,9 +1353,9 @@ trust_level = "trusted"
         let config_path = codex_home.path().join(CONFIG_TOML_FILE);
         let raw_path = project_dir.path().to_string_lossy();
         let path_str = if raw_path.contains('\\') {
-            format!("'{}'", raw_path)
+            format!("'{raw_path}'")
         } else {
-            format!("\"{}\"", raw_path)
+            format!("\"{raw_path}\"")
         };
         // Use a quoted key so backslashes don't require escaping on Windows
         let initial = format!(

codex-rs/core/src/conversation_history.rs

@@ -28,49 +28,7 @@ impl ConversationHistory {
                 continue;
             }
 
-            // Merge adjacent assistant messages into a single history entry.
-            // This prevents duplicates when a partial assistant message was
-            // streamed into history earlier in the turn and the final full
-            // message is recorded at turn end.
-            match (&*item, self.items.last_mut()) {
-                (
-                    ResponseItem::Message {
-                        role: new_role,
-                        content: new_content,
-                        ..
-                    },
-                    Some(ResponseItem::Message {
-                        role: last_role,
-                        content: last_content,
-                        ..
-                    }),
-                ) if new_role == "assistant" && last_role == "assistant" => {
-                    append_text_content(last_content, new_content);
-                }
-                _ => {
-                    self.items.push(item.clone());
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Append a text `delta` to the latest assistant message, creating a new
-    /// assistant entry if none exists yet (e.g. first delta for this turn).
-    pub(crate) fn append_assistant_text(&mut self, delta: &str) {
-        match self.items.last_mut() {
-            Some(ResponseItem::Message { role, content, .. }) if role == "assistant" => {
-                append_text_delta(content, delta);
-            }
-            _ => {
-                // Start a new assistant message with the delta.
-                self.items.push(ResponseItem::Message {
-                    id: None,
-                    role: "assistant".to_string(),
-                    content: vec![codex_protocol::models::ContentItem::OutputText {
-                        text: delta.to_string(),
-                    }],
-                });
-            }
+            self.items.push(item.clone());
         }
     }
 
@@ -118,34 +76,6 @@ fn is_api_message(message: &ResponseItem) -> bool {
     }
 }
 
-/// Helper to append the textual content from `src` into `dst` in place.
-fn append_text_content(
-    dst: &mut Vec<codex_protocol::models::ContentItem>,
-    src: &Vec<codex_protocol::models::ContentItem>,
-) {
-    for c in src {
-        if let codex_protocol::models::ContentItem::OutputText { text } = c {
-            append_text_delta(dst, text);
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// Append a single text delta to the last OutputText item in `content`, or
-/// push a new OutputText item if none exists.
-fn append_text_delta(content: &mut Vec<codex_protocol::models::ContentItem>, delta: &str) {
-    if let Some(codex_protocol::models::ContentItem::OutputText { text }) = content
-        .iter_mut()
-        .rev()
-        .find(|c| matches!(c, codex_protocol::models::ContentItem::OutputText { .. }))
-    {
-        text.push_str(delta);
-    } else {
-        content.push(codex_protocol::models::ContentItem::OutputText {
-            text: delta.to_string(),
-        });
-    }
-}
-
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
@@ -171,49 +101,6 @@ mod tests {
         }
     }
 
-    #[test]
-    fn merges_adjacent_assistant_messages() {
-        let mut h = ConversationHistory::default();
-        let a1 = assistant_msg("Hello");
-        let a2 = assistant_msg(", world!");
-        h.record_items([&a1, &a2]);
-
-        let items = h.contents();
-        assert_eq!(
-            items,
-            vec![ResponseItem::Message {
-                id: None,
-                role: "assistant".to_string(),
-                content: vec![ContentItem::OutputText {
-                    text: "Hello, world!".to_string()
-                }]
-            }]
-        );
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn append_assistant_text_creates_and_appends() {
-        let mut h = ConversationHistory::default();
-        h.append_assistant_text("Hello");
-        h.append_assistant_text(", world");
-
-        // Now record a final full assistant message and verify it merges.
-        let final_msg = assistant_msg("!");
-        h.record_items([&final_msg]);
-
-        let items = h.contents();
-        assert_eq!(
-            items,
-            vec![ResponseItem::Message {
-                id: None,
-                role: "assistant".to_string(),
-                content: vec![ContentItem::OutputText {
-                    text: "Hello, world!".to_string()
-                }]
-            }]
-        );
-    }
-
     #[test]
     fn filters_non_api_messages() {
         let mut h = ConversationHistory::default();

codex-rs/core/src/conversation_manager.rs

@@ -110,6 +110,10 @@ impl ConversationManager {
             .ok_or_else(|| CodexErr::ConversationNotFound(conversation_id))
     }
 
+    pub async fn remove_conversation(&self, conversation_id: Uuid) {
+        self.conversations.write().await.remove(&conversation_id);
+    }
+
     /// Fork an existing conversation by dropping the last `drop_last_messages`
     /// user/assistant messages from its transcript and starting a new
     /// conversation with identical configuration (unless overridden by the

codex-rs/core/src/environment_context.rs

@@ -85,23 +85,21 @@ impl EnvironmentContext {
         }
         if let Some(approval_policy) = self.approval_policy {
             lines.push(format!(
-                "  <approval_policy>{}</approval_policy>",
-                approval_policy
+                "  <approval_policy>{approval_policy}</approval_policy>"
             ));
         }
         if let Some(sandbox_mode) = self.sandbox_mode {
-            lines.push(format!("  <sandbox_mode>{}</sandbox_mode>", sandbox_mode));
+            lines.push(format!("  <sandbox_mode>{sandbox_mode}</sandbox_mode>"));
         }
         if let Some(network_access) = self.network_access {
             lines.push(format!(
-                "  <network_access>{}</network_access>",
-                network_access
+                "  <network_access>{network_access}</network_access>"
             ));
         }
         if let Some(shell) = self.shell
             && let Some(shell_name) = shell.name()
         {
-            lines.push(format!("  <shell>{}</shell>", shell_name));
+            lines.push(format!("  <shell>{shell_name}</shell>"));
         }
         lines.push(ENVIRONMENT_CONTEXT_END.to_string());
         lines.join("\n")

codex-rs/core/src/error.rs

@@ -128,27 +128,70 @@ pub enum CodexErr {
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct UsageLimitReachedError {
     pub plan_type: Option<String>,
+    pub resets_in_seconds: Option<u64>,
 }
 
 impl std::fmt::Display for UsageLimitReachedError {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        // Base message differs slightly for legacy ChatGPT Plus plan users.
         if let Some(plan_type) = &self.plan_type
             && plan_type == "plus"
         {
             write!(
                 f,
-                "You've hit your usage limit. Upgrade to Pro (https://openai.com/chatgpt/pricing), or wait for limits to reset (every 5h and every week.)."
+                "You've hit your usage limit. Upgrade to Pro (https://openai.com/chatgpt/pricing) or try again"
             )?;
+            if let Some(secs) = self.resets_in_seconds {
+                let reset_duration = format_reset_duration(secs);
+                write!(f, " in {reset_duration}.")?;
+            } else {
+                write!(f, " later.")?;
+            }
         } else {
-            write!(
-                f,
-                "You've hit your usage limit. Limits reset every 5h and every week."
-            )?;
+            write!(f, "You've hit your usage limit.")?;
+
+            if let Some(secs) = self.resets_in_seconds {
+                let reset_duration = format_reset_duration(secs);
+                write!(f, " Try again in {reset_duration}.")?;
+            } else {
+                write!(f, " Try again later.")?;
+            }
         }
+
         Ok(())
     }
 }
 
+fn format_reset_duration(total_secs: u64) -> String {
+    let days = total_secs / 86_400;
+    let hours = (total_secs % 86_400) / 3_600;
+    let minutes = (total_secs % 3_600) / 60;
+
+    let mut parts: Vec<String> = Vec::new();
+    if days > 0 {
+        let unit = if days == 1 { "day" } else { "days" };
+        parts.push(format!("{days} {unit}"));
+    }
+    if hours > 0 {
+        let unit = if hours == 1 { "hour" } else { "hours" };
+        parts.push(format!("{hours} {unit}"));
+    }
+    if minutes > 0 {
+        let unit = if minutes == 1 { "minute" } else { "minutes" };
+        parts.push(format!("{minutes} {unit}"));
+    }
+
+    if parts.is_empty() {
+        return "less than a minute".to_string();
+    }
+
+    match parts.len() {
+        1 => parts[0].clone(),
+        2 => format!("{} {}", parts[0], parts[1]),
+        _ => format!("{} {} {}", parts[0], parts[1], parts[2]),
+    }
+}
+
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct EnvVarError {
     /// Name of the environment variable that is missing.
@@ -181,6 +224,8 @@ impl CodexErr {
 pub fn get_error_message_ui(e: &CodexErr) -> String {
     match e {
         CodexErr::Sandbox(SandboxErr::Denied(_, _, stderr)) => stderr.to_string(),
+        // Timeouts are not sandbox errors from a UX perspective; present them plainly
+        CodexErr::Sandbox(SandboxErr::Timeout) => "error: command timed out".to_string(),
         _ => e.to_string(),
     }
 }
@@ -193,19 +238,23 @@ mod tests {
     fn usage_limit_reached_error_formats_plus_plan() {
         let err = UsageLimitReachedError {
             plan_type: Some("plus".to_string()),
+            resets_in_seconds: None,
         };
         assert_eq!(
             err.to_string(),
-            "You've hit your usage limit. Upgrade to Pro (https://openai.com/chatgpt/pricing), or wait for limits to reset (every 5h and every week.)."
+            "You've hit your usage limit. Upgrade to Pro (https://openai.com/chatgpt/pricing) or try again later."
         );
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn usage_limit_reached_error_formats_default_when_none() {
-        let err = UsageLimitReachedError { plan_type: None };
+        let err = UsageLimitReachedError {
+            plan_type: None,
+            resets_in_seconds: None,
+        };
         assert_eq!(
             err.to_string(),
-            "You've hit your usage limit. Limits reset every 5h and every week."
+            "You've hit your usage limit. Try again later."
         );
     }
 
@@ -213,10 +262,59 @@ mod tests {
     fn usage_limit_reached_error_formats_default_for_other_plans() {
         let err = UsageLimitReachedError {
             plan_type: Some("pro".to_string()),
+            resets_in_seconds: None,
         };
         assert_eq!(
             err.to_string(),
-            "You've hit your usage limit. Limits reset every 5h and every week."
+            "You've hit your usage limit. Try again later."
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn usage_limit_reached_includes_minutes_when_available() {
+        let err = UsageLimitReachedError {
+            plan_type: None,
+            resets_in_seconds: Some(5 * 60),
+        };
+        assert_eq!(
+            err.to_string(),
+            "You've hit your usage limit. Try again in 5 minutes."
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn usage_limit_reached_includes_hours_and_minutes() {
+        let err = UsageLimitReachedError {
+            plan_type: Some("plus".to_string()),
+            resets_in_seconds: Some(3 * 3600 + 32 * 60),
+        };
+        assert_eq!(
+            err.to_string(),
+            "You've hit your usage limit. Upgrade to Pro (https://openai.com/chatgpt/pricing) or try again in 3 hours 32 minutes."
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn usage_limit_reached_includes_days_hours_minutes() {
+        let err = UsageLimitReachedError {
+            plan_type: None,
+            resets_in_seconds: Some(2 * 86_400 + 3 * 3600 + 5 * 60),
+        };
+        assert_eq!(
+            err.to_string(),
+            "You've hit your usage limit. Try again in 2 days 3 hours 5 minutes."
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn usage_limit_reached_less_than_minute() {
+        let err = UsageLimitReachedError {
+            plan_type: None,
+            resets_in_seconds: Some(30),
+        };
+        assert_eq!(
+            err.to_string(),
+            "You've hit your usage limit. Try again in less than a minute."
         );
     }
 }

codex-rs/core/src/exec.rs

@@ -40,6 +40,10 @@ const EXIT_CODE_SIGNAL_BASE: i32 = 128; // conventional shell: 128 + signal
 const READ_CHUNK_SIZE: usize = 8192; // bytes per read
 const AGGREGATE_BUFFER_INITIAL_CAPACITY: usize = 8 * 1024; // 8 KiB
 
+/// Limit the number of ExecCommandOutputDelta events emitted per exec call.
+/// Aggregation still collects full output; only the live event stream is capped.
+pub(crate) const MAX_EXEC_OUTPUT_DELTAS_PER_CALL: usize = 10_000;
+
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct ExecParams {
     pub command: Vec<String>,
@@ -344,6 +348,7 @@ async fn read_capped<R: AsyncRead + Unpin + Send + 'static>(
 ) -> io::Result<StreamOutput<Vec<u8>>> {
     let mut buf = Vec::with_capacity(AGGREGATE_BUFFER_INITIAL_CAPACITY);
     let mut tmp = [0u8; READ_CHUNK_SIZE];
+    let mut emitted_deltas: usize = 0;
 
     // No caps: append all bytes
 
@@ -353,7 +358,9 @@ async fn read_capped<R: AsyncRead + Unpin + Send + 'static>(
             break;
         }
 
-        if let Some(stream) = &stream {
+        if let Some(stream) = &stream
+            && emitted_deltas < MAX_EXEC_OUTPUT_DELTAS_PER_CALL
+        {
             let chunk = tmp[..n].to_vec();
             let msg = EventMsg::ExecCommandOutputDelta(ExecCommandOutputDeltaEvent {
                 call_id: stream.call_id.clone(),
@@ -370,6 +377,7 @@ async fn read_capped<R: AsyncRead + Unpin + Send + 'static>(
             };
             #[allow(clippy::let_unit_value)]
             let _ = stream.tx_event.send(event).await;
+            emitted_deltas += 1;
         }
 
         if let Some(tx) = &aggregate_tx {

codex-rs/core/src/exec_command/session_manager.rs

@@ -359,10 +359,7 @@ fn truncate_middle(s: &str, max_bytes: usize) -> (String, Option<u64>) {
     let est_tokens = (s.len() as u64).div_ceil(4);
     if max_bytes == 0 {
         // Cannot keep any content; still return a full marker (never truncated).
-        return (
-            format!("…{} tokens truncated…", est_tokens),
-            Some(est_tokens),
-        );
+        return (format!("…{est_tokens} tokens truncated…"), Some(est_tokens));
     }
 
     // Helper to truncate a string to a given byte length on a char boundary.
@@ -406,16 +403,13 @@ fn truncate_middle(s: &str, max_bytes: usize) -> (String, Option<u64>) {
     // Refine marker length and budgets until stable. Marker is never truncated.
     let mut guess_tokens = est_tokens; // worst-case: everything truncated
     for _ in 0..4 {
-        let marker = format!("…{} tokens truncated…", guess_tokens);
+        let marker = format!("…{guess_tokens} tokens truncated…");
         let marker_len = marker.len();
         let keep_budget = max_bytes.saturating_sub(marker_len);
         if keep_budget == 0 {
             // No room for any content within the cap; return a full, untruncated marker
             // that reflects the entire truncated content.
-            return (
-                format!("…{} tokens truncated…", est_tokens),
-                Some(est_tokens),
-            );
+            return (format!("…{est_tokens} tokens truncated…"), Some(est_tokens));
         }
 
         let left_budget = keep_budget / 2;
@@ -441,14 +435,11 @@ fn truncate_middle(s: &str, max_bytes: usize) -> (String, Option<u64>) {
     }
 
     // Fallback: use last guess to build output.
-    let marker = format!("…{} tokens truncated…", guess_tokens);
+    let marker = format!("…{guess_tokens} tokens truncated…");
     let marker_len = marker.len();
     let keep_budget = max_bytes.saturating_sub(marker_len);
     if keep_budget == 0 {
-        return (
-            format!("…{} tokens truncated…", est_tokens),
-            Some(est_tokens),
-        );
+        return (format!("…{est_tokens} tokens truncated…"), Some(est_tokens));
     }
     let left_budget = keep_budget / 2;
     let right_budget = keep_budget - left_budget;

codex-rs/core/src/git_info.rs

@@ -385,7 +385,9 @@ async fn find_closest_sha(cwd: &Path, branches: &[String], remotes: &[String]) -
 }
 
 async fn diff_against_sha(cwd: &Path, sha: &GitSha) -> Option<String> {
-    let output = run_git_command_with_timeout(&["diff", &sha.0], cwd).await?;
+    let output =
+        run_git_command_with_timeout(&["diff", "--no-textconv", "--no-ext-diff", &sha.0], cwd)
+            .await?;
     // 0 is success and no diff.
     // 1 is success but there is a diff.
     let exit_ok = output.status.code().is_some_and(|c| c == 0 || c == 1);
@@ -406,10 +408,21 @@ async fn diff_against_sha(cwd: &Path, sha: &GitSha) -> Option<String> {
             .collect();
 
         if !untracked.is_empty() {
+            // Use platform-appropriate null device and guard paths with `--`.
+            let null_device: &str = if cfg!(windows) { "NUL" } else { "/dev/null" };
             let futures_iter = untracked.into_iter().map(|file| async move {
                 let file_owned = file;
-                let args_vec: Vec<&str> =
-                    vec!["diff", "--binary", "--no-index", "/dev/null", &file_owned];
+                let args_vec: Vec<&str> = vec![
+                    "diff",
+                    "--no-textconv",
+                    "--no-ext-diff",
+                    "--binary",
+                    "--no-index",
+                    // -- ensures that filenames that start with - are not treated as options.
+                    "--",
+                    null_device,
+                    &file_owned,
+                ];
                 run_git_command_with_timeout(&args_vec, cwd).await
             });
             let results = join_all(futures_iter).await;

codex-rs/core/src/model_provider_info.rs

@@ -17,6 +17,10 @@ use crate::error::EnvVarError;
 const DEFAULT_STREAM_IDLE_TIMEOUT_MS: u64 = 300_000;
 const DEFAULT_STREAM_MAX_RETRIES: u64 = 5;
 const DEFAULT_REQUEST_MAX_RETRIES: u64 = 4;
+/// Hard cap for user-configured `stream_max_retries`.
+const MAX_STREAM_MAX_RETRIES: u64 = 100;
+/// Hard cap for user-configured `request_max_retries`.
+const MAX_REQUEST_MAX_RETRIES: u64 = 100;
 
 /// Wire protocol that the provider speaks. Most third-party services only
 /// implement the classic OpenAI Chat Completions JSON schema, whereas OpenAI
@@ -207,12 +211,14 @@ impl ModelProviderInfo {
     pub fn request_max_retries(&self) -> u64 {
         self.request_max_retries
             .unwrap_or(DEFAULT_REQUEST_MAX_RETRIES)
+            .min(MAX_REQUEST_MAX_RETRIES)
     }
 
     /// Effective maximum number of stream reconnection attempts for this provider.
     pub fn stream_max_retries(&self) -> u64 {
         self.stream_max_retries
             .unwrap_or(DEFAULT_STREAM_MAX_RETRIES)
+            .min(MAX_STREAM_MAX_RETRIES)
     }
 
     /// Effective idle timeout for streaming responses.

codex-rs/core/src/openai_tools.rs

@@ -67,6 +67,7 @@ pub(crate) struct ToolsConfig {
     pub plan_tool: bool,
     pub apply_patch_tool_type: Option<ApplyPatchToolType>,
     pub web_search_request: bool,
+    pub include_view_image_tool: bool,
 }
 
 pub(crate) struct ToolsConfigParams<'a> {
@@ -77,6 +78,7 @@ pub(crate) struct ToolsConfigParams<'a> {
     pub(crate) include_apply_patch_tool: bool,
     pub(crate) include_web_search_request: bool,
     pub(crate) use_streamable_shell_tool: bool,
+    pub(crate) include_view_image_tool: bool,
 }
 
 impl ToolsConfig {
@@ -89,6 +91,7 @@ impl ToolsConfig {
             include_apply_patch_tool,
             include_web_search_request,
             use_streamable_shell_tool,
+            include_view_image_tool,
         } = params;
         let mut shell_type = if *use_streamable_shell_tool {
             ConfigShellToolType::StreamableShell
@@ -120,6 +123,7 @@ impl ToolsConfig {
             plan_tool: *include_plan_tool,
             apply_patch_tool_type,
             web_search_request: *include_web_search_request,
+            include_view_image_tool: *include_view_image_tool,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -292,6 +296,30 @@ The shell tool is used to execute shell commands.
         },
     })
 }
+
+fn create_view_image_tool() -> OpenAiTool {
+    // Support only local filesystem path.
+    let mut properties = BTreeMap::new();
+    properties.insert(
+        "path".to_string(),
+        JsonSchema::String {
+            description: Some("Local filesystem path to an image file".to_string()),
+        },
+    );
+
+    OpenAiTool::Function(ResponsesApiTool {
+        name: "view_image".to_string(),
+        description:
+            "Attach a local image (by filesystem path) to the conversation context for this turn."
+                .to_string(),
+        strict: false,
+        parameters: JsonSchema::Object {
+            properties,
+            required: Some(vec!["path".to_string()]),
+            additional_properties: Some(false),
+        },
+    })
+}
 /// TODO(dylan): deprecate once we get rid of json tool
 #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub(crate) struct ApplyPatchToolArgs {
@@ -541,6 +569,11 @@ pub(crate) fn get_openai_tools(
         tools.push(OpenAiTool::WebSearch {});
     }
 
+    // Include the view_image tool so the agent can attach images to context.
+    if config.include_view_image_tool {
+        tools.push(create_view_image_tool());
+    }
+
     if let Some(mcp_tools) = mcp_tools {
         // Ensure deterministic ordering to maximize prompt cache hits.
         // HashMap iteration order is non-deterministic, so sort by fully-qualified tool name.
@@ -604,10 +637,14 @@ mod tests {
             include_apply_patch_tool: false,
             include_web_search_request: true,
             use_streamable_shell_tool: false,
+            include_view_image_tool: true,
         });
         let tools = get_openai_tools(&config, Some(HashMap::new()));
 
-        assert_eq_tool_names(&tools, &["local_shell", "update_plan", "web_search"]);
+        assert_eq_tool_names(
+            &tools,
+            &["local_shell", "update_plan", "web_search", "view_image"],
+        );
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -621,10 +658,14 @@ mod tests {
             include_apply_patch_tool: false,
             include_web_search_request: true,
             use_streamable_shell_tool: false,
+            include_view_image_tool: true,
         });
         let tools = get_openai_tools(&config, Some(HashMap::new()));
 
-        assert_eq_tool_names(&tools, &["shell", "update_plan", "web_search"]);
+        assert_eq_tool_names(
+            &tools,
+            &["shell", "update_plan", "web_search", "view_image"],
+        );
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -638,6 +679,7 @@ mod tests {
             include_apply_patch_tool: false,
             include_web_search_request: true,
             use_streamable_shell_tool: false,
+            include_view_image_tool: true,
         });
         let tools = get_openai_tools(
             &config,
@@ -679,11 +721,16 @@ mod tests {
 
         assert_eq_tool_names(
             &tools,
-            &["shell", "web_search", "test_server/do_something_cool"],
+            &[
+                "shell",
+                "web_search",
+                "view_image",
+                "test_server/do_something_cool",
+            ],
         );
 
         assert_eq!(
-            tools[2],
+            tools[3],
             OpenAiTool::Function(ResponsesApiTool {
                 name: "test_server/do_something_cool".to_string(),
                 parameters: JsonSchema::Object {
@@ -737,6 +784,7 @@ mod tests {
             include_apply_patch_tool: false,
             include_web_search_request: false,
             use_streamable_shell_tool: false,
+            include_view_image_tool: true,
         });
 
         // Intentionally construct a map with keys that would sort alphabetically.
@@ -794,6 +842,7 @@ mod tests {
             &tools,
             &[
                 "shell",
+                "view_image",
                 "test_server/cool",
                 "test_server/do",
                 "test_server/something",
@@ -812,6 +861,7 @@ mod tests {
             include_apply_patch_tool: false,
             include_web_search_request: true,
             use_streamable_shell_tool: false,
+            include_view_image_tool: true,
         });
 
         let tools = get_openai_tools(
@@ -837,10 +887,13 @@ mod tests {
             )])),
         );
 
-        assert_eq_tool_names(&tools, &["shell", "web_search", "dash/search"]);
+        assert_eq_tool_names(
+            &tools,
+            &["shell", "web_search", "view_image", "dash/search"],
+        );
 
         assert_eq!(
-            tools[2],
+            tools[3],
             OpenAiTool::Function(ResponsesApiTool {
                 name: "dash/search".to_string(),
                 parameters: JsonSchema::Object {
@@ -870,6 +923,7 @@ mod tests {
             include_apply_patch_tool: false,
             include_web_search_request: true,
             use_streamable_shell_tool: false,
+            include_view_image_tool: true,
         });
 
         let tools = get_openai_tools(
@@ -893,9 +947,12 @@ mod tests {
             )])),
         );
 
-        assert_eq_tool_names(&tools, &["shell", "web_search", "dash/paginate"]);
+        assert_eq_tool_names(
+            &tools,
+            &["shell", "web_search", "view_image", "dash/paginate"],
+        );
         assert_eq!(
-            tools[2],
+            tools[3],
             OpenAiTool::Function(ResponsesApiTool {
                 name: "dash/paginate".to_string(),
                 parameters: JsonSchema::Object {
@@ -923,6 +980,7 @@ mod tests {
             include_apply_patch_tool: false,
             include_web_search_request: true,
             use_streamable_shell_tool: false,
+            include_view_image_tool: true,
         });
 
         let tools = get_openai_tools(
@@ -946,9 +1004,9 @@ mod tests {
             )])),
         );
 
-        assert_eq_tool_names(&tools, &["shell", "web_search", "dash/tags"]);
+        assert_eq_tool_names(&tools, &["shell", "web_search", "view_image", "dash/tags"]);
         assert_eq!(
-            tools[2],
+            tools[3],
             OpenAiTool::Function(ResponsesApiTool {
                 name: "dash/tags".to_string(),
                 parameters: JsonSchema::Object {
@@ -979,6 +1037,7 @@ mod tests {
             include_apply_patch_tool: false,
             include_web_search_request: true,
             use_streamable_shell_tool: false,
+            include_view_image_tool: true,
         });
 
         let tools = get_openai_tools(
@@ -1002,9 +1061,9 @@ mod tests {
             )])),
         );
 
-        assert_eq_tool_names(&tools, &["shell", "web_search", "dash/value"]);
+        assert_eq_tool_names(&tools, &["shell", "web_search", "view_image", "dash/value"]);
         assert_eq!(
-            tools[2],
+            tools[3],
             OpenAiTool::Function(ResponsesApiTool {
                 name: "dash/value".to_string(),
                 parameters: JsonSchema::Object {

codex-rs/core/tests/suite/client.rs

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ use codex_login::CodexAuth;
 use core_test_support::load_default_config_for_test;
 use core_test_support::load_sse_fixture_with_id;
 use core_test_support::wait_for_event;
+use serde_json::json;
 use tempfile::TempDir;
 use wiremock::Mock;
 use wiremock::MockServer;
@@ -66,7 +67,6 @@ fn write_auth_json(
     account_id: Option<&str>,
 ) -> String {
     use base64::Engine as _;
-    use serde_json::json;
 
     let header = json!({ "alg": "none", "typ": "JWT" });
     let payload = json!({
@@ -418,7 +418,7 @@ async fn prefers_chatgpt_token_when_config_prefers_chatgpt() {
         match CodexAuth::from_codex_home(codex_home.path(), config.preferred_auth_method) {
             Ok(Some(auth)) => codex_login::AuthManager::from_auth_for_testing(auth),
             Ok(None) => panic!("No CodexAuth found in codex_home"),
-            Err(e) => panic!("Failed to load CodexAuth: {}", e),
+            Err(e) => panic!("Failed to load CodexAuth: {e}"),
         };
     let conversation_manager = ConversationManager::new(auth_manager);
     let NewConversation {
@@ -499,7 +499,7 @@ async fn prefers_apikey_when_config_prefers_apikey_even_with_chatgpt_tokens() {
         match CodexAuth::from_codex_home(codex_home.path(), config.preferred_auth_method) {
             Ok(Some(auth)) => codex_login::AuthManager::from_auth_for_testing(auth),
             Ok(None) => panic!("No CodexAuth found in codex_home"),
-            Err(e) => panic!("Failed to load CodexAuth: {}", e),
+            Err(e) => panic!("Failed to load CodexAuth: {e}"),
         };
     let conversation_manager = ConversationManager::new(auth_manager);
     let NewConversation {
@@ -746,3 +746,151 @@ async fn env_var_overrides_loaded_auth() {
 fn create_dummy_codex_auth() -> CodexAuth {
     CodexAuth::create_dummy_chatgpt_auth_for_testing()
 }
+
+/// Scenario:
+/// - Turn 1: user sends U1; model streams deltas then a final assistant message A.
+/// - Turn 2: user sends U2; model streams a delta then the same final assistant message A.
+/// - Turn 3: user sends U3; model responds (same SSE again, not important).
+///
+/// We assert that the `input` sent on each turn contains the expected conversation history
+#[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread", worker_threads = 2)]
+async fn history_dedupes_streamed_and_final_messages_across_turns() {
+    // Skip under Codex sandbox network restrictions (mirrors other tests).
+    if std::env::var(CODEX_SANDBOX_NETWORK_DISABLED_ENV_VAR).is_ok() {
+        println!(
+            "Skipping test because it cannot execute when network is disabled in a Codex sandbox."
+        );
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Mock server that will receive three sequential requests and return the same SSE stream
+    // each time: a few deltas, then a final assistant message, then completed.
+    let server = MockServer::start().await;
+
+    // Build a small SSE stream with deltas and a final assistant message.
+    // We emit the same body for all 3 turns; ids vary but are unused by assertions.
+    let sse_raw = r##"[
+        {"type":"response.output_text.delta", "delta":"Hey "},
+        {"type":"response.output_text.delta", "delta":"there"},
+        {"type":"response.output_text.delta", "delta":"!\n"},
+        {"type":"response.output_item.done", "item":{
+            "type":"message", "role":"assistant",
+            "content":[{"type":"output_text","text":"Hey there!\n"}]
+        }},
+        {"type":"response.completed", "response": {"id": "__ID__"}}
+    ]"##;
+    let sse1 = core_test_support::load_sse_fixture_with_id_from_str(sse_raw, "resp1");
+
+    Mock::given(method("POST"))
+        .and(path("/v1/responses"))
+        .respond_with(
+            ResponseTemplate::new(200)
+                .insert_header("content-type", "text/event-stream")
+                .set_body_raw(sse1.clone(), "text/event-stream"),
+        )
+        .expect(3) // respond identically to the three sequential turns
+        .mount(&server)
+        .await;
+
+    // Configure provider to point to mock server (Responses API) and use API key auth.
+    let model_provider = ModelProviderInfo {
+        base_url: Some(format!("{}/v1", server.uri())),
+        ..built_in_model_providers()["openai"].clone()
+    };
+
+    // Init session with isolated codex home.
+    let codex_home = TempDir::new().unwrap();
+    let mut config = load_default_config_for_test(&codex_home);
+    config.model_provider = model_provider;
+
+    let conversation_manager =
+        ConversationManager::with_auth(CodexAuth::from_api_key("Test API Key"));
+    let NewConversation {
+        conversation: codex,
+        ..
+    } = conversation_manager
+        .new_conversation(config)
+        .await
+        .expect("create new conversation");
+
+    // Turn 1: user sends U1; wait for completion.
+    codex
+        .submit(Op::UserInput {
+            items: vec![InputItem::Text { text: "U1".into() }],
+        })
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+    wait_for_event(&codex, |ev| matches!(ev, EventMsg::TaskComplete(_))).await;
+
+    // Turn 2: user sends U2; wait for completion.
+    codex
+        .submit(Op::UserInput {
+            items: vec![InputItem::Text { text: "U2".into() }],
+        })
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+    wait_for_event(&codex, |ev| matches!(ev, EventMsg::TaskComplete(_))).await;
+
+    // Turn 3: user sends U3; wait for completion.
+    codex
+        .submit(Op::UserInput {
+            items: vec![InputItem::Text { text: "U3".into() }],
+        })
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+    wait_for_event(&codex, |ev| matches!(ev, EventMsg::TaskComplete(_))).await;
+
+    // Inspect the three captured requests.
+    let requests = server.received_requests().await.unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(requests.len(), 3, "expected 3 requests (one per turn)");
+
+    // Replace full-array compare with tail-only raw JSON compare using a single hard-coded value.
+    let r3_tail_expected = serde_json::json!([
+        {
+            "type": "message",
+            "id": null,
+            "role": "user",
+            "content": [{"type":"input_text","text":"U1"}]
+        },
+        {
+            "type": "message",
+            "id": null,
+            "role": "assistant",
+            "content": [{"type":"output_text","text":"Hey there!\n"}]
+        },
+        {
+            "type": "message",
+            "id": null,
+            "role": "user",
+            "content": [{"type":"input_text","text":"U2"}]
+        },
+        {
+            "type": "message",
+            "id": null,
+            "role": "assistant",
+            "content": [{"type":"output_text","text":"Hey there!\n"}]
+        },
+        {
+            "type": "message",
+            "id": null,
+            "role": "user",
+            "content": [{"type":"input_text","text":"U3"}]
+        }
+    ]);
+
+    let r3_input_array = requests[2]
+        .body_json::<serde_json::Value>()
+        .unwrap()
+        .get("input")
+        .and_then(|v| v.as_array())
+        .cloned()
+        .expect("r3 missing input array");
+    // skipping earlier context and developer messages
+    let tail_len = r3_tail_expected.as_array().unwrap().len();
+    let actual_tail = &r3_input_array[r3_input_array.len() - tail_len..];
+    assert_eq!(
+        serde_json::Value::Array(actual_tail.to_vec()),
+        r3_tail_expected,
+        "request 3 tail mismatch",
+    );
+}

codex-rs/core/tests/suite/prompt_caching.rs

@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ async fn prompt_tools_are_consistent_across_requests() {
     let expected_instructions: &str = include_str!("../../prompt.md");
     // our internal implementation is responsible for keeping tools in sync
     // with the OpenAI schema, so we just verify the tool presence here
-    let expected_tools_names: &[&str] = &["shell", "update_plan", "apply_patch"];
+    let expected_tools_names: &[&str] = &["shell", "update_plan", "apply_patch", "view_image"];
     let body0 = requests[0].body_json::<serde_json::Value>().unwrap();
     assert_eq!(
         body0["instructions"],
@@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ async fn prefixes_context_and_instructions_once_and_consistently_across_requests
 {}</environment_context>"#,
         cwd.path().to_string_lossy(),
         match shell.name() {
-            Some(name) => format!("  <shell>{}</shell>\n", name),
+            Some(name) => format!("  <shell>{name}</shell>\n"),
             None => String::new(),
         }
     );

codex-rs/exec/src/event_processor_with_human_output.rs

@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ impl EventProcessor for EventProcessorWithHumanOutput {
             EventMsg::StreamError(StreamErrorEvent { message }) => {
                 ts_println!(self, "{}", message.style(self.dimmed));
             }
-            EventMsg::TaskStarted => {
+            EventMsg::TaskStarted(_) => {
                 // Ignore.
             }
             EventMsg::TaskComplete(TaskCompleteEvent { last_agent_message }) => {

codex-rs/exec/src/lib.rs

@@ -148,6 +148,7 @@ pub async fn run_main(cli: Cli, codex_linux_sandbox_exe: Option<PathBuf>) -> any
         base_instructions: None,
         include_plan_tool: None,
         include_apply_patch_tool: None,
+        include_view_image_tool: None,
         disable_response_storage: oss.then_some(true),
         show_raw_agent_reasoning: oss.then_some(true),
         tools_web_search_request: None,

codex-rs/exec/tests/suite/common.rs

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ impl Respond for SeqResponder {
             Some(body) => wiremock::ResponseTemplate::new(200)
                 .insert_header("content-type", "text/event-stream")
                 .set_body_raw(
-                    load_sse_fixture_with_id_from_str(body, &format!("request_{}", call_num)),
+                    load_sse_fixture_with_id_from_str(body, &format!("request_{call_num}")),
                     "text/event-stream",
                 ),
             None => panic!("no response for {call_num}"),
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn run_e2e_exec_test(cwd: &Path, response_streams: Vec<String>)
         .current_dir(cwd.clone())
         .env("CODEX_HOME", cwd.clone())
         .env("OPENAI_API_KEY", "dummy")
-        .env("OPENAI_BASE_URL", format!("{}/v1", uri))
+        .env("OPENAI_BASE_URL", format!("{uri}/v1"))
         .arg("--skip-git-repo-check")
         .arg("-s")
         .arg("danger-full-access")

codex-rs/login/src/assets/success.html

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 <html lang="en">
   <head>
     <meta charset="utf-8" />
-    <title>Sign into Codex CLI</title>
+    <title>Sign into Codex</title>
     <link rel="icon" href='data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 32 32"%3E%3Cpath stroke="%23000" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-width="2.484" d="M22.356 19.797H17.17M9.662 12.29l1.979 3.576a.511.511 0 0 1-.005.504l-1.974 3.409M30.758 16c0 8.15-6.607 14.758-14.758 14.758-8.15 0-14.758-6.607-14.758-14.758C1.242 7.85 7.85 1.242 16 1.242c8.15 0 14.758 6.608 14.758 14.758Z"/%3E%3C/svg%3E' type="image/svg+xml">
     <style>
       .container {
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@
           <div class="logo">
             <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path stroke="#000" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-width="2.484" d="M22.356 19.797H17.17M9.662 12.29l1.979 3.576a.511.511 0 0 1-.005.504l-1.974 3.409M30.758 16c0 8.15-6.607 14.758-14.758 14.758-8.15 0-14.758-6.607-14.758-14.758C1.242 7.85 7.85 1.242 16 1.242c8.15 0 14.758 6.608 14.758 14.758Z"></path></svg>
           </div>
-          <div class="title">Signed in to Codex CLI</div>
+          <div class="title">Signed in to Codex</div>
         </div>
         <div class="close-box" style="display: none;">
           <div class="setup-description">You may now close this page</div>

codex-rs/mcp-server/src/codex_message_processor.rs

@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ use codex_core::ConversationManager;
 use codex_core::NewConversation;
 use codex_core::config::Config;
 use codex_core::config::ConfigOverrides;
+use codex_core::config::ConfigToml;
+use codex_core::config::load_config_as_toml;
 use codex_core::git_info::git_diff_to_remote;
 use codex_core::protocol::ApplyPatchApprovalRequestEvent;
 use codex_core::protocol::Event;
@@ -46,6 +48,7 @@ use codex_protocol::mcp_protocol::ConversationId;
 use codex_protocol::mcp_protocol::EXEC_COMMAND_APPROVAL_METHOD;
 use codex_protocol::mcp_protocol::ExecCommandApprovalParams;
 use codex_protocol::mcp_protocol::ExecCommandApprovalResponse;
+use codex_protocol::mcp_protocol::GetConfigTomlResponse;
 use codex_protocol::mcp_protocol::InputItem as WireInputItem;
 use codex_protocol::mcp_protocol::InterruptConversationParams;
 use codex_protocol::mcp_protocol::InterruptConversationResponse;
@@ -146,6 +149,9 @@ impl CodexMessageProcessor {
             ClientRequest::GetAuthStatus { request_id, params } => {
                 self.get_auth_status(request_id, params).await;
             }
+            ClientRequest::GetConfigToml { request_id } => {
+                self.get_config_toml(request_id).await;
+            }
         }
     }
 
@@ -354,6 +360,62 @@ impl CodexMessageProcessor {
         self.outgoing.send_response(request_id, response).await;
     }
 
+    async fn get_config_toml(&self, request_id: RequestId) {
+        let toml_value = match load_config_as_toml(&self.config.codex_home) {
+            Ok(val) => val,
+            Err(err) => {
+                let error = JSONRPCErrorError {
+                    code: INTERNAL_ERROR_CODE,
+                    message: format!("failed to load config.toml: {err}"),
+                    data: None,
+                };
+                self.outgoing.send_error(request_id, error).await;
+                return;
+            }
+        };
+
+        let cfg: ConfigToml = match toml_value.try_into() {
+            Ok(cfg) => cfg,
+            Err(err) => {
+                let error = JSONRPCErrorError {
+                    code: INTERNAL_ERROR_CODE,
+                    message: format!("failed to parse config.toml: {err}"),
+                    data: None,
+                };
+                self.outgoing.send_error(request_id, error).await;
+                return;
+            }
+        };
+
+        let profiles: HashMap<String, codex_protocol::config_types::ConfigProfile> = cfg
+            .profiles
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|(k, v)| {
+                (
+                    k,
+                    // Define this explicitly here to avoid the need to
+                    // implement `From<codex_core::config_profile::ConfigProfile>`
+                    // for the `ConfigProfile` type and introduce a dependency on codex_core
+                    codex_protocol::config_types::ConfigProfile {
+                        model: v.model,
+                        approval_policy: v.approval_policy,
+                        model_reasoning_effort: v.model_reasoning_effort,
+                    },
+                )
+            })
+            .collect();
+
+        let response = GetConfigTomlResponse {
+            approval_policy: cfg.approval_policy,
+            sandbox_mode: cfg.sandbox_mode,
+            model_reasoning_effort: cfg.model_reasoning_effort,
+            profile: cfg.profile,
+            profiles: Some(profiles),
+        };
+
+        self.outgoing.send_response(request_id, response).await;
+    }
+
     async fn process_new_conversation(&self, request_id: RequestId, params: NewConversationParams) {
         let config = match derive_config_from_params(params, self.codex_linux_sandbox_exe.clone()) {
             Ok(config) => config,
@@ -736,6 +798,7 @@ fn derive_config_from_params(
         base_instructions,
         include_plan_tool,
         include_apply_patch_tool,
+        include_view_image_tool: None,
         disable_response_storage: None,
         show_raw_agent_reasoning: None,
         tools_web_search_request: None,

codex-rs/mcp-server/src/codex_tool_config.rs

@@ -161,6 +161,7 @@ impl CodexToolCallParam {
             base_instructions,
             include_plan_tool,
             include_apply_patch_tool: None,
+            include_view_image_tool: None,
             disable_response_storage: None,
             show_raw_agent_reasoning: None,
             tools_web_search_request: None,

codex-rs/mcp-server/src/codex_tool_runner.rs

@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ async fn run_codex_tool_session_inner(
                     }
                     EventMsg::AgentReasoningRawContent(_)
                     | EventMsg::AgentReasoningRawContentDelta(_)
-                    | EventMsg::TaskStarted
+                    | EventMsg::TaskStarted(_)
                     | EventMsg::TokenCount(_)
                     | EventMsg::AgentReasoning(_)
                     | EventMsg::AgentReasoningSectionBreak(_)

codex-rs/mcp-server/src/outgoing_message.rs

@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ impl OutgoingMessageSender {
     }
 
     pub(crate) async fn send_server_notification(&self, notification: ServerNotification) {
-        let method = format!("codex/event/{}", notification);
+        let method = format!("codex/event/{notification}");
         let params = match serde_json::to_value(&notification) {
             Ok(serde_json::Value::Object(mut map)) => map.remove("data"),
             _ => None,

codex-rs/mcp-server/tests/common/mcp_process.rs

@@ -61,6 +61,7 @@ impl McpProcess {
 
         cmd.stdin(Stdio::piped());
         cmd.stdout(Stdio::piped());
+        cmd.stderr(Stdio::piped());
         cmd.env("CODEX_HOME", codex_home);
         cmd.env("RUST_LOG", "debug");
 
@@ -77,6 +78,17 @@ impl McpProcess {
             .take()
             .ok_or_else(|| anyhow::format_err!("mcp should have stdout fd"))?;
         let stdout = BufReader::new(stdout);
+
+        // Forward child's stderr to our stderr so failures are visible even
+        // when stdout/stderr are captured by the test harness.
+        if let Some(stderr) = process.stderr.take() {
+            let mut stderr_reader = BufReader::new(stderr).lines();
+            tokio::spawn(async move {
+                while let Ok(Some(line)) = stderr_reader.next_line().await {
+                    eprintln!("[mcp stderr] {line}");
+                }
+            });
+        }
         Ok(Self {
             next_request_id: AtomicI64::new(0),
             process,
@@ -228,6 +240,11 @@ impl McpProcess {
         self.send_request("getAuthStatus", params).await
     }
 
+    /// Send a `getConfigToml` JSON-RPC request.
+    pub async fn send_get_config_toml_request(&mut self) -> anyhow::Result<i64> {
+        self.send_request("getConfigToml", None).await
+    }
+
     /// Send a `loginChatGpt` JSON-RPC request.
     pub async fn send_login_chat_gpt_request(&mut self) -> anyhow::Result<i64> {
         self.send_request("loginChatGpt", None).await
@@ -278,6 +295,7 @@ impl McpProcess {
     }
 
     async fn send_jsonrpc_message(&mut self, message: JSONRPCMessage) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+        eprintln!("writing message to stdin: {message:?}");
         let payload = serde_json::to_string(&message)?;
         self.stdin.write_all(payload.as_bytes()).await?;
         self.stdin.write_all(b"\n").await?;
@@ -289,13 +307,15 @@ impl McpProcess {
         let mut line = String::new();
         self.stdout.read_line(&mut line).await?;
         let message = serde_json::from_str::<JSONRPCMessage>(&line)?;
+        eprintln!("read message from stdout: {message:?}");
         Ok(message)
     }
 
     pub async fn read_stream_until_request_message(&mut self) -> anyhow::Result<JSONRPCRequest> {
+        eprintln!("in read_stream_until_request_message()");
+
         loop {
             let message = self.read_jsonrpc_message().await?;
-            eprint!("message: {message:?}");
 
             match message {
                 JSONRPCMessage::Notification(_) => {
@@ -318,10 +338,10 @@ impl McpProcess {
         &mut self,
         request_id: RequestId,
     ) -> anyhow::Result<JSONRPCResponse> {
+        eprintln!("in read_stream_until_response_message({request_id:?})");
+
         loop {
             let message = self.read_jsonrpc_message().await?;
-            eprint!("message: {message:?}");
-
             match message {
                 JSONRPCMessage::Notification(_) => {
                     eprintln!("notification: {message:?}");
@@ -347,8 +367,6 @@ impl McpProcess {
     ) -> anyhow::Result<mcp_types::JSONRPCError> {
         loop {
             let message = self.read_jsonrpc_message().await?;
-            eprint!("message: {message:?}");
-
             match message {
                 JSONRPCMessage::Notification(_) => {
                     eprintln!("notification: {message:?}");
@@ -372,10 +390,10 @@ impl McpProcess {
         &mut self,
         method: &str,
     ) -> anyhow::Result<JSONRPCNotification> {
+        eprintln!("in read_stream_until_notification_message({method})");
+
         loop {
             let message = self.read_jsonrpc_message().await?;
-            eprint!("message: {message:?}");
-
             match message {
                 JSONRPCMessage::Notification(notification) => {
                     if notification.method == method {
@@ -400,10 +418,10 @@ impl McpProcess {
     pub async fn read_stream_until_legacy_task_complete_notification(
         &mut self,
     ) -> anyhow::Result<JSONRPCNotification> {
+        eprintln!("in read_stream_until_legacy_task_complete_notification()");
+
         loop {
             let message = self.read_jsonrpc_message().await?;
-            eprint!("message: {message:?}");
-
             match message {
                 JSONRPCMessage::Notification(notification) => {
                     let is_match = if notification.method == "codex/event" {
@@ -422,6 +440,8 @@ impl McpProcess {
 
                     if is_match {
                         return Ok(notification);
+                    } else {
+                        eprintln!("ignoring notification: {notification:?}");
                     }
                 }
                 JSONRPCMessage::Request(_) => {

codex-rs/mcp-server/tests/suite/codex_tool.rs

@@ -30,7 +30,8 @@ use mcp_test_support::create_final_assistant_message_sse_response;
 use mcp_test_support::create_mock_chat_completions_server;
 use mcp_test_support::create_shell_sse_response;
 
-const DEFAULT_READ_TIMEOUT: std::time::Duration = std::time::Duration::from_secs(10);
+// Allow ample time on slower CI or under load to avoid flakes.
+const DEFAULT_READ_TIMEOUT: std::time::Duration = std::time::Duration::from_secs(20);
 
 /// Test that a shell command that is not on the "trusted" list triggers an
 /// elicitation request to the MCP and that sending the approval runs the
@@ -52,9 +53,22 @@ async fn test_shell_command_approval_triggers_elicitation() {
 }
 
 async fn shell_command_approval_triggers_elicitation() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
-    // We use `git init` because it will not be on the "trusted" list.
-    let shell_command = vec!["git".to_string(), "init".to_string()];
+    // Use a simple, untrusted command that creates a file so we can
+    // observe a side-effect.
+    //
+    // Cross‑platform approach: run a tiny Python snippet to touch the file
+    // using `python3 -c ...` on all platforms.
     let workdir_for_shell_function_call = TempDir::new()?;
+    let created_filename = "created_by_shell_tool.txt";
+    let created_file = workdir_for_shell_function_call
+        .path()
+        .join(created_filename);
+
+    let shell_command = vec![
+        "python3".to_string(),
+        "-c".to_string(),
+        format!("import pathlib; pathlib.Path('{created_filename}').touch()"),
+    ];
 
     let McpHandle {
         process: mut mcp_process,
@@ -67,7 +81,7 @@ async fn shell_command_approval_triggers_elicitation() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
             Some(5_000),
             "call1234",
         )?,
-        create_final_assistant_message_sse_response("Enjoy your new git repo!")?,
+        create_final_assistant_message_sse_response("File created!")?,
     ])
     .await?;
 
@@ -122,8 +136,7 @@ async fn shell_command_approval_triggers_elicitation() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
     .expect("task_complete_notification timeout")
     .expect("task_complete_notification resp");
 
-    // Verify the original `codex` tool call completes and that `git init` ran
-    // successfully.
+    // Verify the original `codex` tool call completes and that the file was created.
     let codex_response = timeout(
         DEFAULT_READ_TIMEOUT,
         mcp_process.read_stream_until_response_message(RequestId::Integer(codex_request_id)),
@@ -136,7 +149,7 @@ async fn shell_command_approval_triggers_elicitation() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
             result: json!({
                 "content": [
                     {
-                        "text": "Enjoy your new git repo!",
+                        "text": "File created!",
                         "type": "text"
                     }
                 ]
@@ -145,10 +158,7 @@ async fn shell_command_approval_triggers_elicitation() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
         codex_response
     );
 
-    assert!(
-        workdir_for_shell_function_call.path().join(".git").is_dir(),
-        ".git folder should have been created"
-    );
+    assert!(created_file.is_file(), "created file should exist");
 
     Ok(())
 }

codex-rs/mcp-server/tests/suite/config.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::path::Path;
+
+use codex_core::protocol::AskForApproval;
+use codex_protocol::config_types::ConfigProfile;
+use codex_protocol::config_types::ReasoningEffort;
+use codex_protocol::config_types::SandboxMode;
+use codex_protocol::mcp_protocol::GetConfigTomlResponse;
+use mcp_test_support::McpProcess;
+use mcp_test_support::to_response;
+use mcp_types::JSONRPCResponse;
+use mcp_types::RequestId;
+use pretty_assertions::assert_eq;
+use tempfile::TempDir;
+use tokio::time::timeout;
+
+const DEFAULT_READ_TIMEOUT: std::time::Duration = std::time::Duration::from_secs(10);
+
+fn create_config_toml(codex_home: &Path) -> std::io::Result<()> {
+    let config_toml = codex_home.join("config.toml");
+    std::fs::write(
+        config_toml,
+        r#"
+approval_policy = "on-request"
+sandbox_mode = "workspace-write"
+model_reasoning_effort = "high"
+profile = "test"
+
+[profiles.test]
+model = "gpt-4o"
+approval_policy = "on-request"
+model_reasoning_effort = "high"
+model_reasoning_summary = "detailed"
+"#,
+    )
+}
+
+#[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread", worker_threads = 2)]
+async fn get_config_toml_returns_subset() {
+    let codex_home = TempDir::new().unwrap_or_else(|e| panic!("create tempdir: {e}"));
+    create_config_toml(codex_home.path()).expect("write config.toml");
+
+    let mut mcp = McpProcess::new(codex_home.path())
+        .await
+        .expect("spawn mcp process");
+    timeout(DEFAULT_READ_TIMEOUT, mcp.initialize())
+        .await
+        .expect("init timeout")
+        .expect("init failed");
+
+    let request_id = mcp
+        .send_get_config_toml_request()
+        .await
+        .expect("send getConfigToml");
+    let resp: JSONRPCResponse = timeout(
+        DEFAULT_READ_TIMEOUT,
+        mcp.read_stream_until_response_message(RequestId::Integer(request_id)),
+    )
+    .await
+    .expect("getConfigToml timeout")
+    .expect("getConfigToml response");
+
+    let config: GetConfigTomlResponse = to_response(resp).expect("deserialize config");
+    let expected = GetConfigTomlResponse {
+        approval_policy: Some(AskForApproval::OnRequest),
+        sandbox_mode: Some(SandboxMode::WorkspaceWrite),
+        model_reasoning_effort: Some(ReasoningEffort::High),
+        profile: Some("test".to_string()),
+        profiles: Some(HashMap::from([(
+            "test".into(),
+            ConfigProfile {
+                model: Some("gpt-4o".into()),
+                approval_policy: Some(AskForApproval::OnRequest),
+                model_reasoning_effort: Some(ReasoningEffort::High),
+            },
+        )])),
+    };
+
+    assert_eq!(expected, config);
+}

codex-rs/mcp-server/tests/suite/mod.rs

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 mod auth;
 mod codex_message_processor_flow;
 mod codex_tool;
+mod config;
 mod create_conversation;
 mod interrupt;
 mod login;

codex-rs/protocol/src/config_types.rs

@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ use strum_macros::Display;
 use strum_macros::EnumIter;
 use ts_rs::TS;
 
+use crate::protocol::AskForApproval;
+
 /// See https://platform.openai.com/docs/guides/reasoning?api-mode=responses#get-started-with-reasoning
 #[derive(
     Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, Default, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Display, TS, EnumIter,
@@ -47,3 +49,13 @@ pub enum SandboxMode {
     #[serde(rename = "danger-full-access")]
     DangerFullAccess,
 }
+
+/// Collection of common configuration options that a user can define as a unit
+/// in `config.toml`. Currently only a subset of the fields are supported.
+#[derive(Deserialize, Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Serialize, TS)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct ConfigProfile {
+    pub model: Option<String>,
+    pub approval_policy: Option<AskForApproval>,
+    pub model_reasoning_effort: Option<ReasoningEffort>,
+}

codex-rs/protocol/src/mcp_protocol.rs

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::fmt::Display;
 use std::path::PathBuf;
 
+use crate::config_types::ConfigProfile;
 use crate::config_types::ReasoningEffort;
 use crate::config_types::ReasoningSummary;
 use crate::config_types::SandboxMode;
@@ -101,6 +102,10 @@ pub enum ClientRequest {
         request_id: RequestId,
         params: GetAuthStatusParams,
     },
+    GetConfigToml {
+        #[serde(rename = "id")]
+        request_id: RequestId,
+    },
 }
 
 #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Default, TS)]
@@ -223,6 +228,26 @@ pub struct GetAuthStatusResponse {
     pub auth_token: Option<String>,
 }
 
+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug, Clone, PartialEq, TS)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct GetConfigTomlResponse {
+    /// Approvals
+    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+    pub approval_policy: Option<AskForApproval>,
+    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+    pub sandbox_mode: Option<SandboxMode>,
+
+    /// Relevant model configuration
+    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+    pub model_reasoning_effort: Option<ReasoningEffort>,
+
+    /// Profiles
+    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+    pub profile: Option<String>,
+    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+    pub profiles: Option<HashMap<String, ConfigProfile>>,
+}
+
 #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug, Clone, PartialEq, TS)]
 #[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
 pub struct SendUserMessageParams {

codex-rs/protocol/src/protocol.rs

@@ -401,7 +401,7 @@ pub enum EventMsg {
     Error(ErrorEvent),
 
     /// Agent has started a task
-    TaskStarted,
+    TaskStarted(TaskStartedEvent),
 
     /// Agent has completed all actions
     TaskComplete(TaskCompleteEvent),
@@ -494,6 +494,11 @@ pub struct TaskCompleteEvent {
     pub last_agent_message: Option<String>,
 }
 
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize, Serialize)]
+pub struct TaskStartedEvent {
+    pub model_context_window: Option<u64>,
+}
+
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize, Serialize, Default)]
 pub struct TokenUsage {
     pub input_tokens: u64,

codex-rs/tui/Cargo.toml

@@ -40,7 +40,10 @@ codex-login = { path = "../login" }
 codex-ollama = { path = "../ollama" }
 codex-protocol = { path = "../protocol" }
 color-eyre = "0.6.3"
-crossterm = { version = "0.28.1", features = ["bracketed-paste", "event-stream"] }
+crossterm = { version = "0.28.1", features = [
+    "bracketed-paste",
+    "event-stream",
+] }
 diffy = "0.4.2"
 image = { version = "^0.25.6", default-features = false, features = [
     "jpeg",
@@ -82,6 +85,7 @@ tui-input = "0.14.0"
 tui-markdown = "0.3.3"
 unicode-segmentation = "1.12.0"
 unicode-width = "0.1"
+url = "2"
 uuid = "1"
 
 [target.'cfg(unix)'.dependencies]

codex-rs/tui/src/app.rs

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use crate::app_event::AppEvent;
 use crate::app_event_sender::AppEventSender;
 use crate::chatwidget::ChatWidget;
 use crate::file_search::FileSearchManager;
-use crate::transcript_app::TranscriptApp;
+use crate::pager_overlay::Overlay;
 use crate::tui;
 use crate::tui::TuiEvent;
 use codex_ansi_escape::ansi_escape_line;
@@ -40,8 +40,8 @@ pub(crate) struct App {
 
     pub(crate) transcript_lines: Vec<Line<'static>>,
 
-    // Transcript overlay state
-    pub(crate) transcript_overlay: Option<TranscriptApp>,
+    // Pager overlay state (Transcript or Static like Diff)
+    pub(crate) overlay: Option<Overlay>,
     pub(crate) deferred_history_lines: Vec<Line<'static>>,
 
     pub(crate) enhanced_keys_supported: bool,
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ impl App {
             file_search,
             enhanced_keys_supported,
             transcript_lines: Vec::new(),
-            transcript_overlay: None,
+            overlay: None,
             deferred_history_lines: Vec::new(),
             commit_anim_running: Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false)),
             backtrack: BacktrackState::default(),
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ impl App {
         tui: &mut tui::Tui,
         event: TuiEvent,
     ) -> Result<bool> {
-        if self.transcript_overlay.is_some() {
+        if self.overlay.is_some() {
             let _ = self.handle_backtrack_overlay_event(tui, event).await?;
         } else {
             match event {
@@ -133,6 +133,12 @@ impl App {
                     self.chat_widget.handle_paste(pasted);
                 }
                 TuiEvent::Draw => {
+                    if self
+                        .chat_widget
+                        .handle_paste_burst_tick(tui.frame_requester())
+                    {
+                        return Ok(true);
+                    }
                     tui.draw(
                         self.chat_widget.desired_height(tui.terminal.size()?.width),
                         |frame| {
@@ -172,26 +178,27 @@ impl App {
                 tui.frame_requester().schedule_frame();
             }
             AppEvent::InsertHistoryLines(lines) => {
-                if let Some(overlay) = &mut self.transcript_overlay {
-                    overlay.insert_lines(lines.clone());
+                if let Some(Overlay::Transcript(t)) = &mut self.overlay {
+                    t.insert_lines(lines.clone());
                     tui.frame_requester().schedule_frame();
                 }
                 self.transcript_lines.extend(lines.clone());
-                if self.transcript_overlay.is_some() {
+                if self.overlay.is_some() {
                     self.deferred_history_lines.extend(lines);
                 } else {
                     tui.insert_history_lines(lines);
                 }
             }
             AppEvent::InsertHistoryCell(cell) => {
-                if let Some(overlay) = &mut self.transcript_overlay {
-                    overlay.insert_lines(cell.transcript_lines());
+                let cell_transcript = cell.transcript_lines();
+                if let Some(Overlay::Transcript(t)) = &mut self.overlay {
+                    t.insert_lines(cell_transcript.clone());
                     tui.frame_requester().schedule_frame();
                 }
-                self.transcript_lines.extend(cell.transcript_lines());
+                self.transcript_lines.extend(cell_transcript.clone());
                 let display = cell.display_lines();
                 if !display.is_empty() {
-                    if self.transcript_overlay.is_some() {
+                    if self.overlay.is_some() {
                         self.deferred_history_lines.extend(display);
                     } else {
                         tui.insert_history_lines(display);
@@ -240,7 +247,7 @@ impl App {
                 } else {
                     text.lines().map(ansi_escape_line).collect()
                 };
-                self.transcript_overlay = Some(TranscriptApp::with_title(
+                self.overlay = Some(Overlay::new_static_with_title(
                     pager_lines,
                     "D I F F".to_string(),
                 ));
@@ -276,22 +283,6 @@ impl App {
 
     async fn handle_key_event(&mut self, tui: &mut tui::Tui, key_event: KeyEvent) {
         match key_event {
-            KeyEvent {
-                code: KeyCode::Char('c'),
-                modifiers: crossterm::event::KeyModifiers::CONTROL,
-                kind: KeyEventKind::Press,
-                ..
-            } => {
-                self.chat_widget.on_ctrl_c();
-            }
-            KeyEvent {
-                code: KeyCode::Char('d'),
-                modifiers: crossterm::event::KeyModifiers::CONTROL,
-                kind: KeyEventKind::Press,
-                ..
-            } if self.chat_widget.composer_is_empty() => {
-                self.app_event_tx.send(AppEvent::ExitRequest);
-            }
             KeyEvent {
                 code: KeyCode::Char('t'),
                 modifiers: crossterm::event::KeyModifiers::CONTROL,
@@ -300,16 +291,24 @@ impl App {
             } => {
                 // Enter alternate screen and set viewport to full size.
                 let _ = tui.enter_alt_screen();
-                self.transcript_overlay = Some(TranscriptApp::new(self.transcript_lines.clone()));
+                self.overlay = Some(Overlay::new_transcript(self.transcript_lines.clone()));
                 tui.frame_requester().schedule_frame();
             }
-            // Esc primes/advances backtracking when composer is empty.
+            // Esc primes/advances backtracking only in normal (not working) mode
+            // with an empty composer. In any other state, forward Esc so the
+            // active UI (e.g. status indicator, modals, popups) handles it.
             KeyEvent {
                 code: KeyCode::Esc,
                 kind: KeyEventKind::Press | KeyEventKind::Repeat,
                 ..
             } => {
-                self.handle_backtrack_esc_key(tui);
+                if self.chat_widget.is_normal_backtrack_mode()
+                    && self.chat_widget.composer_is_empty()
+                {
+                    self.handle_backtrack_esc_key(tui);
+                } else {
+                    self.chat_widget.handle_key_event(key_event);
+                }
             }
             // Enter confirms backtrack when primed + count > 0. Otherwise pass to widget.
             KeyEvent {

codex-rs/tui/src/app_backtrack.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use crate::app::App;
 use crate::backtrack_helpers;
-use crate::transcript_app::TranscriptApp;
+use crate::pager_overlay::Overlay;
 use crate::tui;
 use crate::tui::TuiEvent;
 use codex_core::protocol::ConversationHistoryResponseEvent;
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ impl App {
         if self.chat_widget.composer_is_empty() {
             if !self.backtrack.primed {
                 self.prime_backtrack();
-            } else if self.transcript_overlay.is_none() {
+            } else if self.overlay.is_none() {
                 self.open_backtrack_preview(tui);
             } else if self.backtrack.overlay_preview_active {
                 self.step_backtrack_and_highlight(tui);
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ impl App {
     /// Open transcript overlay (enters alternate screen and shows full transcript).
     pub(crate) fn open_transcript_overlay(&mut self, tui: &mut tui::Tui) {
         let _ = tui.enter_alt_screen();
-        self.transcript_overlay = Some(TranscriptApp::new(self.transcript_lines.clone()));
+        self.overlay = Some(Overlay::new_transcript(self.transcript_lines.clone()));
         tui.frame_requester().schedule_frame();
     }
 
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ impl App {
             let lines = std::mem::take(&mut self.deferred_history_lines);
             tui.insert_history_lines(lines);
         }
-        self.transcript_overlay = None;
+        self.overlay = None;
         self.backtrack.overlay_preview_active = false;
         if was_backtrack {
             // Ensure backtrack state is fully reset when overlay closes (e.g. via 'q').
@@ -193,23 +193,23 @@ impl App {
     ) {
         let (nth, offset, hl) = selection;
         self.backtrack.count = nth;
-        if let Some(overlay) = &mut self.transcript_overlay {
+        if let Some(Overlay::Transcript(t)) = &mut self.overlay {
             if let Some(off) = offset {
-                overlay.scroll_offset = off;
+                t.set_scroll_offset(off);
             }
-            overlay.set_highlight_range(hl);
+            t.set_highlight_range(hl);
         }
     }
 
     /// Forward any event to the overlay and close it if done.
     fn overlay_forward_event(&mut self, tui: &mut tui::Tui, event: TuiEvent) -> Result<()> {
-        if let Some(overlay) = &mut self.transcript_overlay {
+        if let Some(overlay) = &mut self.overlay {
             overlay.handle_event(tui, event)?;
-            if overlay.is_done {
+            if overlay.is_done() {
                 self.close_transcript_overlay(tui);
+                tui.frame_requester().schedule_frame();
             }
         }
-        tui.frame_requester().schedule_frame();
         Ok(())
     }
 

codex-rs/tui/src/bottom_pane/approval_modal_view.rs

@@ -100,6 +100,7 @@ mod tests {
             has_input_focus: true,
             enhanced_keys_supported: false,
             placeholder_text: "Ask Codex to do anything".to_string(),
+            disable_paste_burst: false,
         });
         assert_eq!(CancellationEvent::Handled, view.on_ctrl_c(&mut pane));
         assert!(view.queue.is_empty());

codex-rs/tui/src/bottom_pane/chat_composer.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 use codex_core::protocol::TokenUsage;
 use crossterm::event::KeyCode;
 use crossterm::event::KeyEvent;
+use crossterm::event::KeyEventKind;
 use crossterm::event::KeyModifiers;
 use ratatui::buffer::Buffer;
 use ratatui::layout::Constraint;
@@ -23,12 +24,16 @@ use ratatui::widgets::WidgetRef;
 use super::chat_composer_history::ChatComposerHistory;
 use super::command_popup::CommandPopup;
 use super::file_search_popup::FileSearchPopup;
+use super::paste_burst::CharDecision;
+use super::paste_burst::PasteBurst;
 use crate::slash_command::SlashCommand;
 
 use crate::app_event::AppEvent;
 use crate::app_event_sender::AppEventSender;
 use crate::bottom_pane::textarea::TextArea;
 use crate::bottom_pane::textarea::TextAreaState;
+use crate::clipboard_paste::normalize_pasted_path;
+use crate::clipboard_paste::pasted_image_format;
 use codex_file_search::FileMatch;
 use std::cell::RefCell;
 use std::collections::HashMap;
@@ -37,11 +42,6 @@ use std::path::PathBuf;
 use std::time::Duration;
 use std::time::Instant;
 
-// Heuristic thresholds for detecting paste-like input bursts.
-const PASTE_BURST_MIN_CHARS: u16 = 3;
-const PASTE_BURST_CHAR_INTERVAL: Duration = Duration::from_millis(8);
-const PASTE_ENTER_SUPPRESS_WINDOW: Duration = Duration::from_millis(120);
-
 /// If the pasted content exceeds this number of characters, replace it with a
 /// placeholder in the UI.
 const LARGE_PASTE_CHAR_THRESHOLD: usize = 1000;
@@ -90,13 +90,10 @@ pub(crate) struct ChatComposer {
     has_focus: bool,
     attached_images: Vec<AttachedImage>,
     placeholder_text: String,
-    // Heuristic state to detect non-bracketed paste bursts.
-    last_plain_char_time: Option<Instant>,
-    consecutive_plain_char_burst: u16,
-    paste_burst_until: Option<Instant>,
-    // Buffer to accumulate characters during a detected non-bracketed paste burst.
-    paste_burst_buffer: String,
-    in_paste_burst_mode: bool,
+    // Non-bracketed paste burst tracker.
+    paste_burst: PasteBurst,
+    // When true, disables paste-burst logic and inserts characters immediately.
+    disable_paste_burst: bool,
 }
 
 /// Popup state – at most one can be visible at any time.
@@ -112,10 +109,11 @@ impl ChatComposer {
         app_event_tx: AppEventSender,
         enhanced_keys_supported: bool,
         placeholder_text: String,
+        disable_paste_burst: bool,
     ) -> Self {
         let use_shift_enter_hint = enhanced_keys_supported;
 
-        Self {
+        let mut this = Self {
             textarea: TextArea::new(),
             textarea_state: RefCell::new(TextAreaState::default()),
             active_popup: ActivePopup::None,
@@ -131,12 +129,12 @@ impl ChatComposer {
             has_focus: has_input_focus,
             attached_images: Vec::new(),
             placeholder_text,
-            last_plain_char_time: None,
-            consecutive_plain_char_burst: 0,
-            paste_burst_until: None,
-            paste_burst_buffer: String::new(),
-            in_paste_burst_mode: false,
-        }
+            paste_burst: PasteBurst::default(),
+            disable_paste_burst: false,
+        };
+        // Apply configuration via the setter to keep side-effects centralized.
+        this.set_disable_paste_burst(disable_paste_burst);
+        this
     }
 
     pub fn desired_height(&self, width: u16) -> u16 {
@@ -220,18 +218,51 @@ impl ChatComposer {
             let placeholder = format!("[Pasted Content {char_count} chars]");
             self.textarea.insert_element(&placeholder);
             self.pending_pastes.push((placeholder, pasted));
+        } else if self.handle_paste_image_path(pasted.clone()) {
+            self.textarea.insert_str(" ");
         } else {
             self.textarea.insert_str(&pasted);
         }
         // Explicit paste events should not trigger Enter suppression.
-        self.last_plain_char_time = None;
-        self.consecutive_plain_char_burst = 0;
-        self.paste_burst_until = None;
+        self.paste_burst.clear_after_explicit_paste();
+        // Keep popup sync consistent with key handling: prefer slash popup; only
+        // sync file popup when slash popup is NOT active.
         self.sync_command_popup();
-        self.sync_file_search_popup();
+        if matches!(self.active_popup, ActivePopup::Command(_)) {
+            self.dismissed_file_popup_token = None;
+        } else {
+            self.sync_file_search_popup();
+        }
         true
     }
 
+    pub fn handle_paste_image_path(&mut self, pasted: String) -> bool {
+        let Some(path_buf) = normalize_pasted_path(&pasted) else {
+            return false;
+        };
+
+        match image::image_dimensions(&path_buf) {
+            Ok((w, h)) => {
+                tracing::info!("OK: {pasted}");
+                let format_label = pasted_image_format(&path_buf).label();
+                self.attach_image(path_buf, w, h, format_label);
+                true
+            }
+            Err(err) => {
+                tracing::info!("ERR: {err}");
+                false
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn set_disable_paste_burst(&mut self, disabled: bool) {
+        let was_disabled = self.disable_paste_burst;
+        self.disable_paste_burst = disabled;
+        if disabled && !was_disabled {
+            self.paste_burst.clear_window_after_non_char();
+        }
+    }
+
     /// Replace the entire composer content with `text` and reset cursor.
     pub(crate) fn set_text_content(&mut self, text: String) {
         self.textarea.set_text(&text);
@@ -246,6 +277,7 @@ impl ChatComposer {
         self.textarea.text().to_string()
     }
 
+    /// Attempt to start a burst by retro-capturing recent chars before the cursor.
     pub fn attach_image(&mut self, path: PathBuf, width: u32, height: u32, format_label: &str) {
         let placeholder = format!("[image {width}x{height} {format_label}]");
         // Insert as an element to match large paste placeholder behavior:
@@ -260,6 +292,23 @@ impl ChatComposer {
         images.into_iter().map(|img| img.path).collect()
     }
 
+    pub(crate) fn flush_paste_burst_if_due(&mut self) -> bool {
+        let now = Instant::now();
+        if let Some(pasted) = self.paste_burst.flush_if_due(now) {
+            let _ = self.handle_paste(pasted);
+            return true;
+        }
+        false
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn is_in_paste_burst(&self) -> bool {
+        self.paste_burst.is_active()
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn recommended_paste_flush_delay() -> Duration {
+        PasteBurst::recommended_flush_delay()
+    }
+
     /// Integrate results from an asynchronous file search.
     pub(crate) fn on_file_search_result(&mut self, query: String, matches: Vec<FileMatch>) {
         // Only apply if user is still editing a token starting with `query`.
@@ -307,6 +356,11 @@ impl ChatComposer {
         result
     }
 
+    /// Return true if either the slash-command popup or the file-search popup is active.
+    pub(crate) fn popup_active(&self) -> bool {
+        !matches!(self.active_popup, ActivePopup::None)
+    }
+
     /// Handle key event when the slash-command popup is visible.
     fn handle_key_event_with_slash_popup(&mut self, key_event: KeyEvent) -> (InputResult, bool) {
         let ActivePopup::Command(popup) = &mut self.active_popup else {
@@ -327,6 +381,13 @@ impl ChatComposer {
                 popup.move_down();
                 (InputResult::None, true)
             }
+            KeyEvent {
+                code: KeyCode::Esc, ..
+            } => {
+                // Dismiss the slash popup; keep the current input untouched.
+                self.active_popup = ActivePopup::None;
+                (InputResult::None, true)
+            }
             KeyEvent {
                 code: KeyCode::Tab, ..
             } => {
@@ -371,6 +432,31 @@ impl ChatComposer {
             input => self.handle_input_basic(input),
         }
     }
+    #[inline]
+    fn clamp_to_char_boundary(text: &str, pos: usize) -> usize {
+        let mut p = pos.min(text.len());
+        if p < text.len() && !text.is_char_boundary(p) {
+            p = text
+                .char_indices()
+                .map(|(i, _)| i)
+                .take_while(|&i| i <= p)
+                .last()
+                .unwrap_or(0);
+        }
+        p
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn handle_non_ascii_char(&mut self, input: KeyEvent) -> (InputResult, bool) {
+        if let Some(pasted) = self.paste_burst.flush_before_modified_input() {
+            self.handle_paste(pasted);
+        }
+        self.textarea.input(input);
+        let text_after = self.textarea.text();
+        self.pending_pastes
+            .retain(|(placeholder, _)| text_after.contains(placeholder));
+        (InputResult::None, true)
+    }
 
     /// Handle key events when file search popup is visible.
     fn handle_key_event_with_file_popup(&mut self, key_event: KeyEvent) -> (InputResult, bool) {
@@ -426,8 +512,10 @@ impl ChatComposer {
                         // using the flat text and byte-offset cursor API.
                         let cursor_offset = self.textarea.cursor();
                         let text = self.textarea.text();
-                        let before_cursor = &text[..cursor_offset];
-                        let after_cursor = &text[cursor_offset..];
+                        // Clamp to a valid char boundary to avoid panics when slicing.
+                        let safe_cursor = Self::clamp_to_char_boundary(text, cursor_offset);
+                        let before_cursor = &text[..safe_cursor];
+                        let after_cursor = &text[safe_cursor..];
 
                         // Determine token boundaries in the full text.
                         let start_idx = before_cursor
@@ -440,7 +528,7 @@ impl ChatComposer {
                             .find(|(_, c)| c.is_whitespace())
                             .map(|(idx, _)| idx)
                             .unwrap_or(after_cursor.len());
-                        let end_idx = cursor_offset + end_rel_idx;
+                        let end_idx = safe_cursor + end_rel_idx;
 
                         self.textarea.replace_range(start_idx..end_idx, "");
                         self.textarea.set_cursor(start_idx);
@@ -588,9 +676,11 @@ impl ChatComposer {
     fn insert_selected_path(&mut self, path: &str) {
         let cursor_offset = self.textarea.cursor();
         let text = self.textarea.text();
+        // Clamp to a valid char boundary to avoid panics when slicing.
+        let safe_cursor = Self::clamp_to_char_boundary(text, cursor_offset);
 
-        let before_cursor = &text[..cursor_offset];
-        let after_cursor = &text[cursor_offset..];
+        let before_cursor = &text[..safe_cursor];
+        let after_cursor = &text[safe_cursor..];
 
         // Determine token boundaries.
         let start_idx = before_cursor
@@ -604,7 +694,7 @@ impl ChatComposer {
             .find(|(_, c)| c.is_whitespace())
             .map(|(idx, _)| idx)
             .unwrap_or(after_cursor.len());
-        let end_idx = cursor_offset + end_rel_idx;
+        let end_idx = safe_cursor + end_rel_idx;
 
         // Replace the slice `[start_idx, end_idx)` with the chosen path and a trailing space.
         let mut new_text =
@@ -622,6 +712,15 @@ impl ChatComposer {
     /// Handle key event when no popup is visible.
     fn handle_key_event_without_popup(&mut self, key_event: KeyEvent) -> (InputResult, bool) {
         match key_event {
+            KeyEvent {
+                code: KeyCode::Char('d'),
+                modifiers: crossterm::event::KeyModifiers::CONTROL,
+                kind: KeyEventKind::Press,
+                ..
+            } if self.is_empty() => {
+                self.app_event_tx.send(AppEvent::ExitRequest);
+                (InputResult::None, true)
+            }
             // -------------------------------------------------------------
             // History navigation (Up / Down) – only when the composer is not
             // empty or when the cursor is at the correct position, to avoid
@@ -664,14 +763,11 @@ impl ChatComposer {
                         .next()
                         .unwrap_or("")
                         .starts_with('/');
-                if (self.in_paste_burst_mode || !self.paste_burst_buffer.is_empty())
-                    && !in_slash_context
-                {
-                    self.paste_burst_buffer.push('\n');
+                if self.paste_burst.is_active() && !in_slash_context {
                     let now = Instant::now();
-                    // Keep the window alive so subsequent lines are captured too.
-                    self.paste_burst_until = Some(now + PASTE_ENTER_SUPPRESS_WINDOW);
-                    return (InputResult::None, true);
+                    if self.paste_burst.append_newline_if_active(now) {
+                        return (InputResult::None, true);
+                    }
                 }
                 // If we have pending placeholder pastes, submit immediately to expand them.
                 if !self.pending_pastes.is_empty() {
@@ -692,19 +788,12 @@ impl ChatComposer {
 
                 // During a paste-like burst, treat Enter as a newline instead of submit.
                 let now = Instant::now();
-                let tight_after_char = self
-                    .last_plain_char_time
-                    .is_some_and(|t| now.duration_since(t) <= PASTE_BURST_CHAR_INTERVAL);
-                let recent_after_char = self
-                    .last_plain_char_time
-                    .is_some_and(|t| now.duration_since(t) <= PASTE_ENTER_SUPPRESS_WINDOW);
-                let burst_by_count =
-                    recent_after_char && self.consecutive_plain_char_burst >= PASTE_BURST_MIN_CHARS;
-                let in_burst_window = self.paste_burst_until.is_some_and(|until| now <= until);
-
-                if tight_after_char || burst_by_count || in_burst_window {
+                if self
+                    .paste_burst
+                    .newline_should_insert_instead_of_submit(now)
+                {
                     self.textarea.insert_str("\n");
-                    self.paste_burst_until = Some(now + PASTE_ENTER_SUPPRESS_WINDOW);
+                    self.paste_burst.extend_window(now);
                     return (InputResult::None, true);
                 }
                 let mut text = self.textarea.text().to_string();
@@ -718,13 +807,6 @@ impl ChatComposer {
                 }
                 self.pending_pastes.clear();
 
-                // Strip image placeholders from the submitted text; images are retrieved via take_recent_submission_images()
-                for img in &self.attached_images {
-                    if text.contains(&img.placeholder) {
-                        text = text.replace(&img.placeholder, "");
-                    }
-                }
-
                 text = text.trim().to_string();
                 if !text.is_empty() {
                     self.history.record_local_submission(&text);
@@ -741,22 +823,16 @@ impl ChatComposer {
         // If we have a buffered non-bracketed paste burst and enough time has
         // elapsed since the last char, flush it before handling a new input.
         let now = Instant::now();
-        let timed_out = self
-            .last_plain_char_time
-            .is_some_and(|t| now.duration_since(t) > PASTE_BURST_CHAR_INTERVAL);
-        if timed_out && (!self.paste_burst_buffer.is_empty() || self.in_paste_burst_mode) {
-            let pasted = std::mem::take(&mut self.paste_burst_buffer);
-            self.in_paste_burst_mode = false;
+        if let Some(pasted) = self.paste_burst.flush_if_due(now) {
             // Reuse normal paste path (handles large-paste placeholders).
             self.handle_paste(pasted);
         }
 
         // If we're capturing a burst and receive Enter, accumulate it instead of inserting.
         if matches!(input.code, KeyCode::Enter)
-            && (self.in_paste_burst_mode || !self.paste_burst_buffer.is_empty())
+            && self.paste_burst.is_active()
+            && self.paste_burst.append_newline_if_active(now)
         {
-            self.paste_burst_buffer.push('\n');
-            self.paste_burst_until = Some(now + PASTE_ENTER_SUPPRESS_WINDOW);
             return (InputResult::None, true);
         }
 
@@ -770,59 +846,51 @@ impl ChatComposer {
             let has_ctrl_or_alt =
                 modifiers.contains(KeyModifiers::CONTROL) || modifiers.contains(KeyModifiers::ALT);
             if !has_ctrl_or_alt {
-                // Update burst heuristics.
-                match self.last_plain_char_time {
-                    Some(prev) if now.duration_since(prev) <= PASTE_BURST_CHAR_INTERVAL => {
-                        self.consecutive_plain_char_burst =
-                            self.consecutive_plain_char_burst.saturating_add(1);
-                    }
-                    _ => {
-                        self.consecutive_plain_char_burst = 1;
-                    }
+                // Non-ASCII characters (e.g., from IMEs) can arrive in quick bursts and be
+                // misclassified by paste heuristics. Flush any active burst buffer and insert
+                // non-ASCII characters directly.
+                if !ch.is_ascii() {
+                    return self.handle_non_ascii_char(input);
                 }
-                self.last_plain_char_time = Some(now);
 
-                // If we're already buffering, capture the char into the buffer.
-                if self.in_paste_burst_mode {
-                    self.paste_burst_buffer.push(ch);
-                    // Keep the window alive while we receive the burst.
-                    self.paste_burst_until = Some(now + PASTE_ENTER_SUPPRESS_WINDOW);
-                    return (InputResult::None, true);
-                } else if self.consecutive_plain_char_burst >= PASTE_BURST_MIN_CHARS {
-                    // Do not start burst buffering while typing a slash command (first line starts with '/').
-                    let first_line = self.textarea.text().lines().next().unwrap_or("");
-                    if first_line.starts_with('/') {
-                        // Keep heuristics but do not buffer.
-                        self.paste_burst_until = Some(now + PASTE_ENTER_SUPPRESS_WINDOW);
-                        // Insert normally.
-                        self.textarea.input(input);
-                        let text_after = self.textarea.text();
-                        self.pending_pastes
-                            .retain(|(placeholder, _)| text_after.contains(placeholder));
+                match self.paste_burst.on_plain_char(ch, now) {
+                    CharDecision::BufferAppend => {
+                        self.paste_burst.append_char_to_buffer(ch, now);
+                        return (InputResult::None, true);
+                    }
+                    CharDecision::BeginBuffer { retro_chars } => {
+                        let cur = self.textarea.cursor();
+                        let txt = self.textarea.text();
+                        let safe_cur = Self::clamp_to_char_boundary(txt, cur);
+                        let before = &txt[..safe_cur];
+                        if let Some(grab) =
+                            self.paste_burst
+                                .decide_begin_buffer(now, before, retro_chars as usize)
+                        {
+                            if !grab.grabbed.is_empty() {
+                                self.textarea.replace_range(grab.start_byte..safe_cur, "");
+                            }
+                            self.paste_burst.begin_with_retro_grabbed(grab.grabbed, now);
+                            self.paste_burst.append_char_to_buffer(ch, now);
+                            return (InputResult::None, true);
+                        }
+                        // If decide_begin_buffer opted not to start buffering,
+                        // fall through to normal insertion below.
+                    }
+                    CharDecision::BeginBufferFromPending => {
+                        // First char was held; now append the current one.
+                        self.paste_burst.append_char_to_buffer(ch, now);
+                        return (InputResult::None, true);
+                    }
+                    CharDecision::RetainFirstChar => {
+                        // Keep the first fast char pending momentarily.
                         return (InputResult::None, true);
                     }
-                    // Begin buffering from this character onward.
-                    self.paste_burst_buffer.push(ch);
-                    self.in_paste_burst_mode = true;
-                    // Keep the window alive to continue capturing.
-                    self.paste_burst_until = Some(now + PASTE_ENTER_SUPPRESS_WINDOW);
-                    return (InputResult::None, true);
-                }
-
-                // Not buffering: insert normally and continue.
-                self.textarea.input(input);
-                let text_after = self.textarea.text();
-                self.pending_pastes
-                    .retain(|(placeholder, _)| text_after.contains(placeholder));
-                return (InputResult::None, true);
-            } else {
-                // Modified char ends any burst: flush buffered content before applying.
-                if !self.paste_burst_buffer.is_empty() || self.in_paste_burst_mode {
-                    let pasted = std::mem::take(&mut self.paste_burst_buffer);
-                    self.in_paste_burst_mode = false;
-                    self.handle_paste(pasted);
                 }
             }
+            if let Some(pasted) = self.paste_burst.flush_before_modified_input() {
+                self.handle_paste(pasted);
+            }
         }
 
         // For non-char inputs (or after flushing), handle normally.
@@ -849,25 +917,15 @@ impl ChatComposer {
                 let has_ctrl_or_alt = modifiers.contains(KeyModifiers::CONTROL)
                     || modifiers.contains(KeyModifiers::ALT);
                 if has_ctrl_or_alt {
-                    // Modified char: clear burst window.
-                    self.consecutive_plain_char_burst = 0;
-                    self.last_plain_char_time = None;
-                    self.paste_burst_until = None;
-                    self.in_paste_burst_mode = false;
-                    self.paste_burst_buffer.clear();
+                    self.paste_burst.clear_window_after_non_char();
                 }
-                // Plain chars handled above.
             }
             KeyCode::Enter => {
                 // Keep burst window alive (supports blank lines in paste).
             }
             _ => {
-                // Other keys: clear burst window and any buffer (after flushing earlier).
-                self.consecutive_plain_char_burst = 0;
-                self.last_plain_char_time = None;
-                self.paste_burst_until = None;
-                self.in_paste_burst_mode = false;
-                // Do not clear paste_burst_buffer here; it should have been flushed above.
+                // Other keys: clear burst window (buffer should have been flushed above if needed).
+                self.paste_burst.clear_window_after_non_char();
             }
         }
 
@@ -904,8 +962,9 @@ impl ChatComposer {
     /// Attempts to remove an image or paste placeholder if the cursor is at the end of one.
     /// Returns true if a placeholder was removed.
     fn try_remove_any_placeholder_at_cursor(&mut self) -> bool {
-        let p = self.textarea.cursor();
+        // Clamp the cursor to a valid char boundary to avoid panics when slicing.
         let text = self.textarea.text();
+        let p = Self::clamp_to_char_boundary(text, self.textarea.cursor());
 
         // Try image placeholders first
         let mut out: Option<(usize, String)> = None;
@@ -917,7 +976,7 @@ impl ChatComposer {
                 continue;
             }
             let start = p - ph.len();
-            if text[start..p] != *ph {
+            if text.get(start..p) != Some(ph.as_str()) {
                 continue;
             }
 
@@ -925,7 +984,11 @@ impl ChatComposer {
             let mut occ_before = 0usize;
             let mut search_pos = 0usize;
             while search_pos < start {
-                if let Some(found) = text[search_pos..start].find(ph) {
+                let segment = match text.get(search_pos..start) {
+                    Some(s) => s,
+                    None => break,
+                };
+                if let Some(found) = segment.find(ph) {
                     occ_before += 1;
                     search_pos += found + ph.len();
                 } else {
@@ -961,7 +1024,7 @@ impl ChatComposer {
                 if p + ph.len() > text.len() {
                     continue;
                 }
-                if &text[p..p + ph.len()] != ph {
+                if text.get(p..p + ph.len()) != Some(ph.as_str()) {
                     continue;
                 }
 
@@ -969,7 +1032,11 @@ impl ChatComposer {
                 let mut occ_before = 0usize;
                 let mut search_pos = 0usize;
                 while search_pos < p {
-                    if let Some(found) = text[search_pos..p].find(ph) {
+                    let segment = match text.get(search_pos..p) {
+                        Some(s) => s,
+                        None => break 'out None,
+                    };
+                    if let Some(found) = segment.find(ph) {
                         occ_before += 1;
                         search_pos += found + ph.len();
                     } else {
@@ -1004,7 +1071,7 @@ impl ChatComposer {
                 return None;
             }
             let start = p - ph.len();
-            if text[start..p] == *ph {
+            if text.get(start..p) == Some(ph.as_str()) {
                 Some(ph.clone())
             } else {
                 None
@@ -1020,7 +1087,7 @@ impl ChatComposer {
             if p + ph.len() > text.len() {
                 return None;
             }
-            if &text[p..p + ph.len()] == ph {
+            if text.get(p..p + ph.len()) == Some(ph.as_str()) {
                 Some(ph.clone())
             } else {
                 None
@@ -1224,7 +1291,10 @@ impl WidgetRef for ChatComposer {
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
+    use image::ImageBuffer;
+    use image::Rgba;
     use std::path::PathBuf;
+    use tempfile::tempdir;
 
     use crate::app_event::AppEvent;
     use crate::bottom_pane::AppEventSender;
@@ -1392,8 +1462,13 @@ mod tests {
 
         let (tx, _rx) = unbounded_channel::<AppEvent>();
         let sender = AppEventSender::new(tx);
-        let mut composer =
-            ChatComposer::new(true, sender, false, "Ask Codex to do anything".to_string());
+        let mut composer = ChatComposer::new(
+            true,
+            sender,
+            false,
+            "Ask Codex to do anything".to_string(),
+            false,
+        );
 
         let needs_redraw = composer.handle_paste("hello".to_string());
         assert!(needs_redraw);
@@ -1416,8 +1491,13 @@ mod tests {
 
         let (tx, _rx) = unbounded_channel::<AppEvent>();
         let sender = AppEventSender::new(tx);
-        let mut composer =
-            ChatComposer::new(true, sender, false, "Ask Codex to do anything".to_string());
+        let mut composer = ChatComposer::new(
+            true,
+            sender,
+            false,
+            "Ask Codex to do anything".to_string(),
+            false,
+        );
 
         let large = "x".repeat(LARGE_PASTE_CHAR_THRESHOLD + 10);
         let needs_redraw = composer.handle_paste(large.clone());
@@ -1446,8 +1526,13 @@ mod tests {
         let large = "y".repeat(LARGE_PASTE_CHAR_THRESHOLD + 1);
         let (tx, _rx) = unbounded_channel::<AppEvent>();
         let sender = AppEventSender::new(tx);
-        let mut composer =
-            ChatComposer::new(true, sender, false, "Ask Codex to do anything".to_string());
+        let mut composer = ChatComposer::new(
+            true,
+            sender,
+            false,
+            "Ask Codex to do anything".to_string(),
+            false,
+        );
 
         composer.handle_paste(large);
         assert_eq!(composer.pending_pastes.len(), 1);
@@ -1488,6 +1573,7 @@ mod tests {
                 sender.clone(),
                 false,
                 "Ask Codex to do anything".to_string(),
+                false,
             );
 
             if let Some(text) = input {
@@ -1517,6 +1603,18 @@ mod tests {
         }
     }
 
+    // Test helper: simulate human typing with a brief delay and flush the paste-burst buffer
+    fn type_chars_humanlike(composer: &mut ChatComposer, chars: &[char]) {
+        use crossterm::event::KeyCode;
+        use crossterm::event::KeyEvent;
+        use crossterm::event::KeyModifiers;
+        for &ch in chars {
+            let _ = composer.handle_key_event(KeyEvent::new(KeyCode::Char(ch), KeyModifiers::NONE));
+            std::thread::sleep(ChatComposer::recommended_paste_flush_delay());
+            let _ = composer.flush_paste_burst_if_due();
+        }
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn slash_init_dispatches_command_and_does_not_submit_literal_text() {
         use crossterm::event::KeyCode;
@@ -1525,15 +1623,16 @@ mod tests {
 
         let (tx, _rx) = unbounded_channel::<AppEvent>();
         let sender = AppEventSender::new(tx);
-        let mut composer =
-            ChatComposer::new(true, sender, false, "Ask Codex to do anything".to_string());
+        let mut composer = ChatComposer::new(
+            true,
+            sender,
+            false,
+            "Ask Codex to do anything".to_string(),
+            false,
+        );
 
         // Type the slash command.
-        for ch in [
-            '/', 'i', 'n', 'i', 't', // "/init"
-        ] {
-            let _ = composer.handle_key_event(KeyEvent::new(KeyCode::Char(ch), KeyModifiers::NONE));
-        }
+        type_chars_humanlike(&mut composer, &['/', 'i', 'n', 'i', 't']);
 
         // Press Enter to dispatch the selected command.
         let (result, _needs_redraw) =
@@ -1561,12 +1660,15 @@ mod tests {
 
         let (tx, _rx) = unbounded_channel::<AppEvent>();
         let sender = AppEventSender::new(tx);
-        let mut composer =
-            ChatComposer::new(true, sender, false, "Ask Codex to do anything".to_string());
+        let mut composer = ChatComposer::new(
+            true,
+            sender,
+            false,
+            "Ask Codex to do anything".to_string(),
+            false,
+        );
 
-        for ch in ['/', 'c'] {
-            let _ = composer.handle_key_event(KeyEvent::new(KeyCode::Char(ch), KeyModifiers::NONE));
-        }
+        type_chars_humanlike(&mut composer, &['/', 'c']);
 
         let (_result, _needs_redraw) =
             composer.handle_key_event(KeyEvent::new(KeyCode::Tab, KeyModifiers::NONE));
@@ -1583,12 +1685,15 @@ mod tests {
 
         let (tx, _rx) = unbounded_channel::<AppEvent>();
         let sender = AppEventSender::new(tx);
-        let mut composer =
-            ChatComposer::new(true, sender, false, "Ask Codex to do anything".to_string());
+        let mut composer = ChatComposer::new(
+            true,
+            sender,
+            false,
+            "Ask Codex to do anything".to_string(),
+            false,
+        );
 
-        for ch in ['/', 'm', 'e', 'n', 't', 'i', 'o', 'n'] {
-            let _ = composer.handle_key_event(KeyEvent::new(KeyCode::Char(ch), KeyModifiers::NONE));
-        }
+        type_chars_humanlike(&mut composer, &['/', 'm', 'e', 'n', 't', 'i', 'o', 'n']);
 
         let (result, _needs_redraw) =
             composer.handle_key_event(KeyEvent::new(KeyCode::Enter, KeyModifiers::NONE));
@@ -1615,8 +1720,13 @@ mod tests {
 
         let (tx, _rx) = unbounded_channel::<AppEvent>();
         let sender = AppEventSender::new(tx);
-        let mut composer =
-            ChatComposer::new(true, sender, false, "Ask Codex to do anything".to_string());
+        let mut composer = ChatComposer::new(
+            true,
+            sender,
+            false,
+            "Ask Codex to do anything".to_string(),
+            false,
+        );
 
         // Define test cases: (paste content, is_large)
         let test_cases = [
@@ -1689,8 +1799,13 @@ mod tests {
 
         let (tx, _rx) = unbounded_channel::<AppEvent>();
         let sender = AppEventSender::new(tx);
-        let mut composer =
-            ChatComposer::new(true, sender, false, "Ask Codex to do anything".to_string());
+        let mut composer = ChatComposer::new(
+            true,
+            sender,
+            false,
+            "Ask Codex to do anything".to_string(),
+            false,
+        );
 
         // Define test cases: (content, is_large)
         let test_cases = [
@@ -1756,8 +1871,13 @@ mod tests {
 
         let (tx, _rx) = unbounded_channel::<AppEvent>();
         let sender = AppEventSender::new(tx);
-        let mut composer =
-            ChatComposer::new(true, sender, false, "Ask Codex to do anything".to_string());
+        let mut composer = ChatComposer::new(
+            true,
+            sender,
+            false,
+            "Ask Codex to do anything".to_string(),
+            false,
+        );
 
         // Define test cases: (cursor_position_from_end, expected_pending_count)
         let test_cases = [
@@ -1799,15 +1919,20 @@ mod tests {
     fn attach_image_and_submit_includes_image_paths() {
         let (tx, _rx) = unbounded_channel::<AppEvent>();
         let sender = AppEventSender::new(tx);
-        let mut composer =
-            ChatComposer::new(true, sender, false, "Ask Codex to do anything".to_string());
+        let mut composer = ChatComposer::new(
+            true,
+            sender,
+            false,
+            "Ask Codex to do anything".to_string(),
+            false,
+        );
         let path = PathBuf::from("/tmp/image1.png");
         composer.attach_image(path.clone(), 32, 16, "PNG");
         composer.handle_paste(" hi".into());
         let (result, _) =
             composer.handle_key_event(KeyEvent::new(KeyCode::Enter, KeyModifiers::NONE));
         match result {
-            InputResult::Submitted(text) => assert_eq!(text, "hi"),
+            InputResult::Submitted(text) => assert_eq!(text, "[image 32x16 PNG] hi"),
             _ => panic!("expected Submitted"),
         }
         let imgs = composer.take_recent_submission_images();
@@ -1818,14 +1943,19 @@ mod tests {
     fn attach_image_without_text_submits_empty_text_and_images() {
         let (tx, _rx) = unbounded_channel::<AppEvent>();
         let sender = AppEventSender::new(tx);
-        let mut composer =
-            ChatComposer::new(true, sender, false, "Ask Codex to do anything".to_string());
+        let mut composer = ChatComposer::new(
+            true,
+            sender,
+            false,
+            "Ask Codex to do anything".to_string(),
+            false,
+        );
         let path = PathBuf::from("/tmp/image2.png");
         composer.attach_image(path.clone(), 10, 5, "PNG");
         let (result, _) =
             composer.handle_key_event(KeyEvent::new(KeyCode::Enter, KeyModifiers::NONE));
         match result {
-            InputResult::Submitted(text) => assert!(text.is_empty()),
+            InputResult::Submitted(text) => assert_eq!(text, "[image 10x5 PNG]"),
             _ => panic!("expected Submitted"),
         }
         let imgs = composer.take_recent_submission_images();
@@ -1838,8 +1968,13 @@ mod tests {
     fn image_placeholder_backspace_behaves_like_text_placeholder() {
         let (tx, _rx) = unbounded_channel::<AppEvent>();
         let sender = AppEventSender::new(tx);
-        let mut composer =
-            ChatComposer::new(true, sender, false, "Ask Codex to do anything".to_string());
+        let mut composer = ChatComposer::new(
+            true,
+            sender,
+            false,
+            "Ask Codex to do anything".to_string(),
+            false,
+        );
         let path = PathBuf::from("/tmp/image3.png");
         composer.attach_image(path.clone(), 20, 10, "PNG");
         let placeholder = composer.attached_images[0].placeholder.clone();
@@ -1866,12 +2001,47 @@ mod tests {
         }
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn backspace_with_multibyte_text_before_placeholder_does_not_panic() {
+        use crossterm::event::KeyCode;
+        use crossterm::event::KeyEvent;
+        use crossterm::event::KeyModifiers;
+
+        let (tx, _rx) = unbounded_channel::<AppEvent>();
+        let sender = AppEventSender::new(tx);
+        let mut composer = ChatComposer::new(
+            true,
+            sender,
+            false,
+            "Ask Codex to do anything".to_string(),
+            false,
+        );
+
+        // Insert an image placeholder at the start
+        let path = PathBuf::from("/tmp/image_multibyte.png");
+        composer.attach_image(path, 10, 5, "PNG");
+        // Add multibyte text after the placeholder
+        composer.textarea.insert_str("日本語");
+
+        // Cursor is at end; pressing backspace should delete the last character
+        // without panicking and leave the placeholder intact.
+        composer.handle_key_event(KeyEvent::new(KeyCode::Backspace, KeyModifiers::NONE));
+
+        assert_eq!(composer.attached_images.len(), 1);
+        assert!(composer.textarea.text().starts_with("[image 10x5 PNG]"));
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn deleting_one_of_duplicate_image_placeholders_removes_matching_entry() {
         let (tx, _rx) = unbounded_channel::<AppEvent>();
         let sender = AppEventSender::new(tx);
-        let mut composer =
-            ChatComposer::new(true, sender, false, "Ask Codex to do anything".to_string());
+        let mut composer = ChatComposer::new(
+            true,
+            sender,
+            false,
+            "Ask Codex to do anything".to_string(),
+            false,
+        );
 
         let path1 = PathBuf::from("/tmp/image_dup1.png");
         let path2 = PathBuf::from("/tmp/image_dup2.png");
@@ -1901,4 +2071,130 @@ mod tests {
             "one image mapping remains"
         );
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn pasting_filepath_attaches_image() {
+        let tmp = tempdir().expect("create TempDir");
+        let tmp_path: PathBuf = tmp.path().join("codex_tui_test_paste_image.png");
+        let img: ImageBuffer<Rgba<u8>, Vec<u8>> =
+            ImageBuffer::from_fn(3, 2, |_x, _y| Rgba([1, 2, 3, 255]));
+        img.save(&tmp_path).expect("failed to write temp png");
+
+        let (tx, _rx) = unbounded_channel::<AppEvent>();
+        let sender = AppEventSender::new(tx);
+        let mut composer = ChatComposer::new(
+            true,
+            sender,
+            false,
+            "Ask Codex to do anything".to_string(),
+            false,
+        );
+
+        let needs_redraw = composer.handle_paste(tmp_path.to_string_lossy().to_string());
+        assert!(needs_redraw);
+        assert!(composer.textarea.text().starts_with("[image 3x2 PNG] "));
+
+        let imgs = composer.take_recent_submission_images();
+        assert_eq!(imgs, vec![tmp_path.clone()]);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn burst_paste_fast_small_buffers_and_flushes_on_stop() {
+        use crossterm::event::KeyCode;
+        use crossterm::event::KeyEvent;
+        use crossterm::event::KeyModifiers;
+
+        let (tx, _rx) = unbounded_channel::<AppEvent>();
+        let sender = AppEventSender::new(tx);
+        let mut composer = ChatComposer::new(
+            true,
+            sender,
+            false,
+            "Ask Codex to do anything".to_string(),
+            false,
+        );
+
+        let count = 32;
+        for _ in 0..count {
+            let _ =
+                composer.handle_key_event(KeyEvent::new(KeyCode::Char('a'), KeyModifiers::NONE));
+            assert!(
+                composer.is_in_paste_burst(),
+                "expected active paste burst during fast typing"
+            );
+            assert!(
+                composer.textarea.text().is_empty(),
+                "text should not appear during burst"
+            );
+        }
+
+        assert!(
+            composer.textarea.text().is_empty(),
+            "text should remain empty until flush"
+        );
+        std::thread::sleep(ChatComposer::recommended_paste_flush_delay());
+        let flushed = composer.flush_paste_burst_if_due();
+        assert!(flushed, "expected buffered text to flush after stop");
+        assert_eq!(composer.textarea.text(), "a".repeat(count));
+        assert!(
+            composer.pending_pastes.is_empty(),
+            "no placeholder for small burst"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn burst_paste_fast_large_inserts_placeholder_on_flush() {
+        use crossterm::event::KeyCode;
+        use crossterm::event::KeyEvent;
+        use crossterm::event::KeyModifiers;
+
+        let (tx, _rx) = unbounded_channel::<AppEvent>();
+        let sender = AppEventSender::new(tx);
+        let mut composer = ChatComposer::new(
+            true,
+            sender,
+            false,
+            "Ask Codex to do anything".to_string(),
+            false,
+        );
+
+        let count = LARGE_PASTE_CHAR_THRESHOLD + 1; // > threshold to trigger placeholder
+        for _ in 0..count {
+            let _ =
+                composer.handle_key_event(KeyEvent::new(KeyCode::Char('x'), KeyModifiers::NONE));
+        }
+
+        // Nothing should appear until we stop and flush
+        assert!(composer.textarea.text().is_empty());
+        std::thread::sleep(ChatComposer::recommended_paste_flush_delay());
+        let flushed = composer.flush_paste_burst_if_due();
+        assert!(flushed, "expected flush after stopping fast input");
+
+        let expected_placeholder = format!("[Pasted Content {count} chars]");
+        assert_eq!(composer.textarea.text(), expected_placeholder);
+        assert_eq!(composer.pending_pastes.len(), 1);
+        assert_eq!(composer.pending_pastes[0].0, expected_placeholder);
+        assert_eq!(composer.pending_pastes[0].1.len(), count);
+        assert!(composer.pending_pastes[0].1.chars().all(|c| c == 'x'));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn humanlike_typing_1000_chars_appears_live_no_placeholder() {
+        let (tx, _rx) = unbounded_channel::<AppEvent>();
+        let sender = AppEventSender::new(tx);
+        let mut composer = ChatComposer::new(
+            true,
+            sender,
+            false,
+            "Ask Codex to do anything".to_string(),
+            false,
+        );
+
+        let count = LARGE_PASTE_CHAR_THRESHOLD; // 1000 in current config
+        let chars: Vec<char> = vec!['z'; count];
+        type_chars_humanlike(&mut composer, &chars);
+
+        assert_eq!(composer.textarea.text(), "z".repeat(count));
+        assert!(composer.pending_pastes.is_empty());
+    }
 }

codex-rs/tui/src/bottom_pane/mod.rs

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ use ratatui::layout::Constraint;
 use ratatui::layout::Layout;
 use ratatui::layout::Rect;
 use ratatui::widgets::WidgetRef;
+use std::time::Duration;
 
 mod approval_modal_view;
 mod bottom_pane_view;
@@ -21,6 +22,7 @@ mod chat_composer_history;
 mod command_popup;
 mod file_search_popup;
 mod list_selection_view;
+mod paste_burst;
 mod popup_consts;
 mod scroll_state;
 mod selection_popup_common;
@@ -69,10 +71,11 @@ pub(crate) struct BottomPaneParams {
     pub(crate) has_input_focus: bool,
     pub(crate) enhanced_keys_supported: bool,
     pub(crate) placeholder_text: String,
+    pub(crate) disable_paste_burst: bool,
 }
 
 impl BottomPane {
-    const BOTTOM_PAD_LINES: u16 = 2;
+    const BOTTOM_PAD_LINES: u16 = 1;
     pub fn new(params: BottomPaneParams) -> Self {
         let enhanced_keys_supported = params.enhanced_keys_supported;
         Self {
@@ -81,6 +84,7 @@ impl BottomPane {
                 params.app_event_tx.clone(),
                 enhanced_keys_supported,
                 params.placeholder_text,
+                params.disable_paste_burst,
             ),
             active_view: None,
             app_event_tx: params.app_event_tx,
@@ -182,6 +186,9 @@ impl BottomPane {
             if needs_redraw {
                 self.request_redraw();
             }
+            if self.composer.is_in_paste_burst() {
+                self.request_redraw_in(ChatComposer::recommended_paste_flush_delay());
+            }
             input_result
         }
     }
@@ -337,6 +344,13 @@ impl BottomPane {
         self.is_task_running
     }
 
+    /// Return true when the pane is in the regular composer state without any
+    /// overlays or popups and not running a task. This is the safe context to
+    /// use Esc-Esc for backtracking from the main view.
+    pub(crate) fn is_normal_backtrack_mode(&self) -> bool {
+        !self.is_task_running && self.active_view.is_none() && !self.composer.popup_active()
+    }
+
     /// Update the *context-window remaining* indicator in the composer. This
     /// is forwarded directly to the underlying `ChatComposer`.
     pub(crate) fn set_token_usage(
@@ -375,12 +389,24 @@ impl BottomPane {
         self.frame_requester.schedule_frame();
     }
 
+    pub(crate) fn request_redraw_in(&self, dur: Duration) {
+        self.frame_requester.schedule_frame_in(dur);
+    }
+
     // --- History helpers ---
 
     pub(crate) fn set_history_metadata(&mut self, log_id: u64, entry_count: usize) {
         self.composer.set_history_metadata(log_id, entry_count);
     }
 
+    pub(crate) fn flush_paste_burst_if_due(&mut self) -> bool {
+        self.composer.flush_paste_burst_if_due()
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn is_in_paste_burst(&self) -> bool {
+        self.composer.is_in_paste_burst()
+    }
+
     pub(crate) fn on_history_entry_response(
         &mut self,
         log_id: u64,
@@ -466,6 +492,7 @@ mod tests {
             has_input_focus: true,
             enhanced_keys_supported: false,
             placeholder_text: "Ask Codex to do anything".to_string(),
+            disable_paste_burst: false,
         });
         pane.push_approval_request(exec_request());
         assert_eq!(CancellationEvent::Handled, pane.on_ctrl_c());
@@ -485,6 +512,7 @@ mod tests {
             has_input_focus: true,
             enhanced_keys_supported: false,
             placeholder_text: "Ask Codex to do anything".to_string(),
+            disable_paste_burst: false,
         });
 
         // Create an approval modal (active view).
@@ -515,6 +543,7 @@ mod tests {
             has_input_focus: true,
             enhanced_keys_supported: false,
             placeholder_text: "Ask Codex to do anything".to_string(),
+            disable_paste_burst: false,
         });
 
         // Start a running task so the status indicator is active above the composer.
@@ -523,7 +552,7 @@ mod tests {
         // Push an approval modal (e.g., command approval) which should hide the status view.
         pane.push_approval_request(exec_request());
 
-        // Simulate pressing 'n' (deny) on the modal.
+        // Simulate pressing 'n' (No) on the modal.
         use crossterm::event::KeyCode;
         use crossterm::event::KeyEvent;
         use crossterm::event::KeyModifiers;
@@ -582,6 +611,7 @@ mod tests {
             has_input_focus: true,
             enhanced_keys_supported: false,
             placeholder_text: "Ask Codex to do anything".to_string(),
+            disable_paste_burst: false,
         });
 
         // Begin a task: show initial status.
@@ -612,6 +642,7 @@ mod tests {
             has_input_focus: true,
             enhanced_keys_supported: false,
             placeholder_text: "Ask Codex to do anything".to_string(),
+            disable_paste_burst: false,
         });
 
         // Activate spinner (status view replaces composer) with no live ring.
@@ -641,28 +672,15 @@ mod tests {
             "expected Working header on top row: {top:?}"
         );
 
-        // Next row (spacer) is blank, and bottom two rows are blank padding
-        let mut spacer = String::new();
+        // Last row should be blank padding; the row above should generally contain composer content.
         let mut r_last = String::new();
-        let mut r_last2 = String::new();
         for x in 0..area.width {
-            // Spacer row immediately below the status header lives at y=2.
-            spacer.push(buf[(x, 2)].symbol().chars().next().unwrap_or(' '));
             r_last.push(buf[(x, height - 1)].symbol().chars().next().unwrap_or(' '));
-            r_last2.push(buf[(x, height - 2)].symbol().chars().next().unwrap_or(' '));
         }
-        assert!(
-            spacer.trim().is_empty(),
-            "expected spacer line blank: {spacer:?}"
-        );
         assert!(
             r_last.trim().is_empty(),
             "expected last row blank: {r_last:?}"
         );
-        assert!(
-            r_last2.trim().is_empty(),
-            "expected second-to-last row blank: {r_last2:?}"
-        );
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -675,6 +693,7 @@ mod tests {
             has_input_focus: true,
             enhanced_keys_supported: false,
             placeholder_text: "Ask Codex to do anything".to_string(),
+            disable_paste_burst: false,
         });
 
         pane.set_task_running(true);

codex-rs/tui/src/bottom_pane/paste_burst.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,246 @@
+use std::time::Duration;
+use std::time::Instant;
+
+// Heuristic thresholds for detecting paste-like input bursts.
+// Detect quickly to avoid showing typed prefix before paste is recognized
+const PASTE_BURST_MIN_CHARS: u16 = 3;
+const PASTE_BURST_CHAR_INTERVAL: Duration = Duration::from_millis(8);
+const PASTE_ENTER_SUPPRESS_WINDOW: Duration = Duration::from_millis(120);
+
+#[derive(Default)]
+pub(crate) struct PasteBurst {
+    last_plain_char_time: Option<Instant>,
+    consecutive_plain_char_burst: u16,
+    burst_window_until: Option<Instant>,
+    buffer: String,
+    active: bool,
+    // Hold first fast char briefly to avoid rendering flicker
+    pending_first_char: Option<(char, Instant)>,
+}
+
+pub(crate) enum CharDecision {
+    /// Start buffering and retroactively capture some already-inserted chars.
+    BeginBuffer { retro_chars: u16 },
+    /// We are currently buffering; append the current char into the buffer.
+    BufferAppend,
+    /// Do not insert/render this char yet; temporarily save the first fast
+    /// char while we wait to see if a paste-like burst follows.
+    RetainFirstChar,
+    /// Begin buffering using the previously saved first char (no retro grab needed).
+    BeginBufferFromPending,
+}
+
+pub(crate) struct RetroGrab {
+    pub start_byte: usize,
+    pub grabbed: String,
+}
+
+impl PasteBurst {
+    /// Recommended delay to wait between simulated keypresses (or before
+    /// scheduling a UI tick) so that a pending fast keystroke is flushed
+    /// out of the burst detector as normal typed input.
+    ///
+    /// Primarily used by tests and by the TUI to reliably cross the
+    /// paste-burst timing threshold.
+    pub fn recommended_flush_delay() -> Duration {
+        PASTE_BURST_CHAR_INTERVAL + Duration::from_millis(1)
+    }
+
+    /// Entry point: decide how to treat a plain char with current timing.
+    pub fn on_plain_char(&mut self, ch: char, now: Instant) -> CharDecision {
+        match self.last_plain_char_time {
+            Some(prev) if now.duration_since(prev) <= PASTE_BURST_CHAR_INTERVAL => {
+                self.consecutive_plain_char_burst =
+                    self.consecutive_plain_char_burst.saturating_add(1)
+            }
+            _ => self.consecutive_plain_char_burst = 1,
+        }
+        self.last_plain_char_time = Some(now);
+
+        if self.active {
+            self.burst_window_until = Some(now + PASTE_ENTER_SUPPRESS_WINDOW);
+            return CharDecision::BufferAppend;
+        }
+
+        // If we already held a first char and receive a second fast char,
+        // start buffering without retro-grabbing (we never rendered the first).
+        if let Some((held, held_at)) = self.pending_first_char
+            && now.duration_since(held_at) <= PASTE_BURST_CHAR_INTERVAL
+        {
+            self.active = true;
+            // take() to clear pending; we already captured the held char above
+            let _ = self.pending_first_char.take();
+            self.buffer.push(held);
+            self.burst_window_until = Some(now + PASTE_ENTER_SUPPRESS_WINDOW);
+            return CharDecision::BeginBufferFromPending;
+        }
+
+        if self.consecutive_plain_char_burst >= PASTE_BURST_MIN_CHARS {
+            return CharDecision::BeginBuffer {
+                retro_chars: self.consecutive_plain_char_burst.saturating_sub(1),
+            };
+        }
+
+        // Save the first fast char very briefly to see if a burst follows.
+        self.pending_first_char = Some((ch, now));
+        CharDecision::RetainFirstChar
+    }
+
+    /// Flush the buffered burst if the inter-key timeout has elapsed.
+    ///
+    /// Returns Some(String) when either:
+    /// - We were actively buffering paste-like input and the buffer is now
+    ///   emitted as a single pasted string; or
+    /// - We had saved a single fast first-char with no subsequent burst and we
+    ///   now emit that char as normal typed input.
+    ///
+    /// Returns None if the timeout has not elapsed or there is nothing to flush.
+    pub fn flush_if_due(&mut self, now: Instant) -> Option<String> {
+        let timed_out = self
+            .last_plain_char_time
+            .is_some_and(|t| now.duration_since(t) > PASTE_BURST_CHAR_INTERVAL);
+        if timed_out && self.is_active_internal() {
+            self.active = false;
+            let out = std::mem::take(&mut self.buffer);
+            Some(out)
+        } else if timed_out {
+            // If we were saving a single fast char and no burst followed,
+            // flush it as normal typed input.
+            if let Some((ch, _at)) = self.pending_first_char.take() {
+                Some(ch.to_string())
+            } else {
+                None
+            }
+        } else {
+            None
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// While bursting: accumulate a newline into the buffer instead of
+    /// submitting the textarea.
+    ///
+    /// Returns true if a newline was appended (we are in a burst context),
+    /// false otherwise.
+    pub fn append_newline_if_active(&mut self, now: Instant) -> bool {
+        if self.is_active() {
+            self.buffer.push('\n');
+            self.burst_window_until = Some(now + PASTE_ENTER_SUPPRESS_WINDOW);
+            true
+        } else {
+            false
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Decide if Enter should insert a newline (burst context) vs submit.
+    pub fn newline_should_insert_instead_of_submit(&self, now: Instant) -> bool {
+        let in_burst_window = self.burst_window_until.is_some_and(|until| now <= until);
+        self.is_active() || in_burst_window
+    }
+
+    /// Keep the burst window alive.
+    pub fn extend_window(&mut self, now: Instant) {
+        self.burst_window_until = Some(now + PASTE_ENTER_SUPPRESS_WINDOW);
+    }
+
+    /// Begin buffering with retroactively grabbed text.
+    pub fn begin_with_retro_grabbed(&mut self, grabbed: String, now: Instant) {
+        if !grabbed.is_empty() {
+            self.buffer.push_str(&grabbed);
+        }
+        self.active = true;
+        self.burst_window_until = Some(now + PASTE_ENTER_SUPPRESS_WINDOW);
+    }
+
+    /// Append a char into the burst buffer.
+    pub fn append_char_to_buffer(&mut self, ch: char, now: Instant) {
+        self.buffer.push(ch);
+        self.burst_window_until = Some(now + PASTE_ENTER_SUPPRESS_WINDOW);
+    }
+
+    /// Decide whether to begin buffering by retroactively capturing recent
+    /// chars from the slice before the cursor.
+    ///
+    /// Heuristic: if the retro-grabbed slice contains any whitespace or is
+    /// sufficiently long (>= 16 characters), treat it as paste-like to avoid
+    /// rendering the typed prefix momentarily before the paste is recognized.
+    /// This favors responsiveness and prevents flicker for typical pastes
+    /// (URLs, file paths, multiline text) while not triggering on short words.
+    ///
+    /// Returns Some(RetroGrab) with the start byte and grabbed text when we
+    /// decide to buffer retroactively; otherwise None.
+    pub fn decide_begin_buffer(
+        &mut self,
+        now: Instant,
+        before: &str,
+        retro_chars: usize,
+    ) -> Option<RetroGrab> {
+        let start_byte = retro_start_index(before, retro_chars);
+        let grabbed = before[start_byte..].to_string();
+        let looks_pastey =
+            grabbed.chars().any(|c| c.is_whitespace()) || grabbed.chars().count() >= 16;
+        if looks_pastey {
+            // Note: caller is responsible for removing this slice from UI text.
+            self.begin_with_retro_grabbed(grabbed.clone(), now);
+            Some(RetroGrab {
+                start_byte,
+                grabbed,
+            })
+        } else {
+            None
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Before applying modified/non-char input: flush buffered burst immediately.
+    pub fn flush_before_modified_input(&mut self) -> Option<String> {
+        if self.is_active() {
+            self.active = false;
+            Some(std::mem::take(&mut self.buffer))
+        } else {
+            None
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Clear only the timing window and any pending first-char.
+    ///
+    /// Does not emit or clear the buffered text itself; callers should have
+    /// already flushed (if needed) via one of the flush methods above.
+    pub fn clear_window_after_non_char(&mut self) {
+        self.consecutive_plain_char_burst = 0;
+        self.last_plain_char_time = None;
+        self.burst_window_until = None;
+        self.active = false;
+        self.pending_first_char = None;
+    }
+
+    /// Returns true if we are in any paste-burst related transient state
+    /// (actively buffering, have a non-empty buffer, or have saved the first
+    /// fast char while waiting for a potential burst).
+    pub fn is_active(&self) -> bool {
+        self.is_active_internal() || self.pending_first_char.is_some()
+    }
+
+    fn is_active_internal(&self) -> bool {
+        self.active || !self.buffer.is_empty()
+    }
+
+    pub fn clear_after_explicit_paste(&mut self) {
+        self.last_plain_char_time = None;
+        self.consecutive_plain_char_burst = 0;
+        self.burst_window_until = None;
+        self.active = false;
+        self.buffer.clear();
+        self.pending_first_char = None;
+    }
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn retro_start_index(before: &str, retro_chars: usize) -> usize {
+    if retro_chars == 0 {
+        return before.len();
+    }
+    before
+        .char_indices()
+        .rev()
+        .nth(retro_chars.saturating_sub(1))
+        .map(|(idx, _)| idx)
+        .unwrap_or(0)
+}

codex-rs/tui/src/bottom_pane/textarea.rs

@@ -231,6 +231,13 @@ impl TextArea {
                 code: KeyCode::Enter,
                 ..
             } => self.insert_str("\n"),
+            KeyEvent {
+                code: KeyCode::Char('h'),
+                modifiers,
+                ..
+            } if modifiers == (KeyModifiers::CONTROL | KeyModifiers::ALT) => {
+                self.delete_backward_word()
+            },
             KeyEvent {
                 code: KeyCode::Backspace,
                 modifiers: KeyModifiers::ALT,
@@ -1138,10 +1145,6 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn control_b_and_f_move_cursor() {
-        use crossterm::event::KeyCode;
-        use crossterm::event::KeyEvent;
-        use crossterm::event::KeyModifiers;
-
         let mut t = ta_with("abcd");
         t.set_cursor(1);
 
@@ -1154,10 +1157,6 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn control_b_f_fallback_control_chars_move_cursor() {
-        use crossterm::event::KeyCode;
-        use crossterm::event::KeyEvent;
-        use crossterm::event::KeyModifiers;
-
         let mut t = ta_with("abcd");
         t.set_cursor(2);
 
@@ -1171,6 +1170,48 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(t.cursor(), 2);
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn delete_backward_word_alt_keys() {
+        // Test the custom Alt+Ctrl+h binding
+        let mut t = ta_with("hello world");
+        t.set_cursor(t.text().len()); // cursor at the end
+        t.input(KeyEvent::new(
+            KeyCode::Char('h'),
+            KeyModifiers::CONTROL | KeyModifiers::ALT,
+        ));
+        assert_eq!(t.text(), "hello ");
+        assert_eq!(t.cursor(), 6);
+
+        // Test the standard Alt+Backspace binding
+        let mut t = ta_with("hello world");
+        t.set_cursor(t.text().len()); // cursor at the end
+        t.input(KeyEvent::new(KeyCode::Backspace, KeyModifiers::ALT));
+        assert_eq!(t.text(), "hello ");
+        assert_eq!(t.cursor(), 6);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn control_h_backspace() {
+        // Test Ctrl+H as backspace
+        let mut t = ta_with("12345");
+        t.set_cursor(3); // cursor after '3'
+        t.input(KeyEvent::new(KeyCode::Char('h'), KeyModifiers::CONTROL));
+        assert_eq!(t.text(), "1245");
+        assert_eq!(t.cursor(), 2);
+
+        // Test Ctrl+H at beginning (should be no-op)
+        t.set_cursor(0);
+        t.input(KeyEvent::new(KeyCode::Char('h'), KeyModifiers::CONTROL));
+        assert_eq!(t.text(), "1245");
+        assert_eq!(t.cursor(), 0);
+
+        // Test Ctrl+H at end
+        t.set_cursor(t.text().len());
+        t.input(KeyEvent::new(KeyCode::Char('h'), KeyModifiers::CONTROL));
+        assert_eq!(t.text(), "124");
+        assert_eq!(t.cursor(), 3);
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn cursor_vertical_movement_across_lines_and_bounds() {
         let mut t = ta_with("short\nloooooooooong\nmid");

codex-rs/tui/src/chatwidget.rs

@@ -243,17 +243,51 @@ impl ChatWidget {
         );
     }
 
-    fn on_error(&mut self, message: String) {
+    /// Finalize any active exec as failed, push an error message into history,
+    /// and stop/clear running UI state.
+    fn finalize_turn_with_error_message(&mut self, message: String) {
+        // Ensure any spinner is replaced by a red ✗ and flushed into history.
+        self.finalize_active_exec_cell_as_failed();
+        // Emit the provided error message/history cell.
         self.add_to_history(history_cell::new_error_event(message));
+        // Reset running state and clear streaming buffers.
         self.bottom_pane.set_task_running(false);
         self.running_commands.clear();
         self.stream.clear_all();
+    }
+
+    fn on_error(&mut self, message: String) {
+        self.finalize_turn_with_error_message(message);
         self.request_redraw();
 
         // After an error ends the turn, try sending the next queued input.
         self.maybe_send_next_queued_input();
     }
 
+    /// Handle a turn aborted due to user interrupt (Esc).
+    /// When there are queued user messages, restore them into the composer
+    /// separated by newlines rather than auto‑submitting the next one.
+    fn on_interrupted_turn(&mut self) {
+        // Finalize, log a gentle prompt, and clear running state.
+        self.finalize_turn_with_error_message("Tell the model what to do differently".to_owned());
+
+        // If any messages were queued during the task, restore them into the composer.
+        if !self.queued_user_messages.is_empty() {
+            let combined = self
+                .queued_user_messages
+                .iter()
+                .map(|m| m.text.clone())
+                .collect::<Vec<_>>()
+                .join("\n");
+            self.bottom_pane.set_composer_text(combined);
+            // Clear the queue and update the status indicator list.
+            self.queued_user_messages.clear();
+            self.refresh_queued_user_messages();
+        }
+
+        self.request_redraw();
+    }
+
     fn on_plan_update(&mut self, update: codex_core::plan_tool::UpdatePlanArgs) {
         self.add_to_history(history_cell::new_plan_update(update));
     }
@@ -534,17 +568,7 @@ impl ChatWidget {
             ev.result,
         ));
     }
-    fn interrupt_running_task(&mut self) {
-        if self.bottom_pane.is_task_running() {
-            self.active_exec_cell = None;
-            self.running_commands.clear();
-            self.bottom_pane.clear_ctrl_c_quit_hint();
-            self.submit_op(Op::Interrupt);
-            self.bottom_pane.set_task_running(false);
-            self.stream.clear_all();
-            self.request_redraw();
-        }
-    }
+
     fn layout_areas(&self, area: Rect) -> [Rect; 2] {
         Layout::vertical([
             Constraint::Max(
@@ -580,6 +604,7 @@ impl ChatWidget {
                 has_input_focus: true,
                 enhanced_keys_supported,
                 placeholder_text: placeholder,
+                disable_paste_burst: config.disable_paste_burst,
             }),
             active_exec_cell: None,
             config: config.clone(),
@@ -628,6 +653,7 @@ impl ChatWidget {
                 has_input_focus: true,
                 enhanced_keys_supported,
                 placeholder_text: placeholder,
+                disable_paste_burst: config.disable_paste_burst,
             }),
             active_exec_cell: None,
             config: config.clone(),
@@ -657,48 +683,57 @@ impl ChatWidget {
     }
 
     pub(crate) fn handle_key_event(&mut self, key_event: KeyEvent) {
-        if key_event.kind == KeyEventKind::Press {
-            self.bottom_pane.clear_ctrl_c_quit_hint();
+        match key_event {
+            KeyEvent {
+                code: KeyCode::Char('c'),
+                modifiers: crossterm::event::KeyModifiers::CONTROL,
+                kind: KeyEventKind::Press,
+                ..
+            } => {
+                self.on_ctrl_c();
+                return;
+            }
+            other if other.kind == KeyEventKind::Press => {
+                self.bottom_pane.clear_ctrl_c_quit_hint();
+            }
+            _ => {}
         }
 
-        // Alt+Up: Edit the most recent queued user message (if any).
-        if matches!(
-            key_event,
+        match key_event {
             KeyEvent {
                 code: KeyCode::Up,
                 modifiers: KeyModifiers::ALT,
                 kind: KeyEventKind::Press,
                 ..
-            }
-        ) && !self.queued_user_messages.is_empty()
-        {
-            // Prefer the most recently queued item.
-            if let Some(user_message) = self.queued_user_messages.pop_back() {
-                self.bottom_pane.set_composer_text(user_message.text);
-                self.refresh_queued_user_messages();
-                self.request_redraw();
-            }
-            return;
-        }
-
-        match self.bottom_pane.handle_key_event(key_event) {
-            InputResult::Submitted(text) => {
-                // If a task is running, queue the user input to be sent after the turn completes.
-                let user_message = UserMessage {
-                    text,
-                    image_paths: self.bottom_pane.take_recent_submission_images(),
-                };
-                if self.bottom_pane.is_task_running() {
-                    self.queued_user_messages.push_back(user_message);
+            } if !self.queued_user_messages.is_empty() => {
+                // Prefer the most recently queued item.
+                if let Some(user_message) = self.queued_user_messages.pop_back() {
+                    self.bottom_pane.set_composer_text(user_message.text);
                     self.refresh_queued_user_messages();
-                } else {
-                    self.submit_user_message(user_message);
+                    self.request_redraw();
                 }
             }
-            InputResult::Command(cmd) => {
-                self.dispatch_command(cmd);
+            _ => {
+                match self.bottom_pane.handle_key_event(key_event) {
+                    InputResult::Submitted(text) => {
+                        // If a task is running, queue the user input to be sent after the turn completes.
+                        let user_message = UserMessage {
+                            text,
+                            image_paths: self.bottom_pane.take_recent_submission_images(),
+                        };
+                        if self.bottom_pane.is_task_running() {
+                            self.queued_user_messages.push_back(user_message);
+                            self.refresh_queued_user_messages();
+                        } else {
+                            self.submit_user_message(user_message);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    InputResult::Command(cmd) => {
+                        self.dispatch_command(cmd);
+                    }
+                    InputResult::None => {}
+                }
             }
-            InputResult::None => {}
         }
     }
 
@@ -718,12 +753,20 @@ impl ChatWidget {
     }
 
     fn dispatch_command(&mut self, cmd: SlashCommand) {
+        if !cmd.available_during_task() && self.bottom_pane.is_task_running() {
+            let message = format!(
+                "'/'{}' is disabled while a task is in progress.",
+                cmd.command()
+            );
+            self.add_to_history(history_cell::new_error_event(message));
+            self.request_redraw();
+            return;
+        }
         match cmd {
             SlashCommand::New => {
                 self.app_event_tx.send(AppEvent::NewSession);
             }
             SlashCommand::Init => {
-                // Guard: do not run if a task is active.
                 const INIT_PROMPT: &str = include_str!("../prompt_for_init_command.md");
                 self.submit_text_message(INIT_PROMPT.to_string());
             }
@@ -817,6 +860,24 @@ impl ChatWidget {
         self.bottom_pane.handle_paste(text);
     }
 
+    // Returns true if caller should skip rendering this frame (a future frame is scheduled).
+    pub(crate) fn handle_paste_burst_tick(&mut self, frame_requester: FrameRequester) -> bool {
+        if self.bottom_pane.flush_paste_burst_if_due() {
+            // A paste just flushed; request an immediate redraw and skip this frame.
+            self.request_redraw();
+            true
+        } else if self.bottom_pane.is_in_paste_burst() {
+            // While capturing a burst, schedule a follow-up tick and skip this frame
+            // to avoid redundant renders between ticks.
+            frame_requester.schedule_frame_in(
+                crate::bottom_pane::ChatComposer::recommended_paste_flush_delay(),
+            );
+            true
+        } else {
+            false
+        }
+    }
+
     fn flush_active_exec_cell(&mut self) {
         if let Some(active) = self.active_exec_cell.take() {
             self.last_history_was_exec = true;
@@ -905,13 +966,13 @@ impl ChatWidget {
                 self.on_agent_reasoning_final()
             }
             EventMsg::AgentReasoningSectionBreak(_) => self.on_reasoning_section_break(),
-            EventMsg::TaskStarted => self.on_task_started(),
+            EventMsg::TaskStarted(_) => self.on_task_started(),
             EventMsg::TaskComplete(TaskCompleteEvent { .. }) => self.on_task_complete(),
             EventMsg::TokenCount(token_usage) => self.on_token_count(token_usage),
             EventMsg::Error(ErrorEvent { message }) => self.on_error(message),
             EventMsg::TurnAborted(ev) => match ev.reason {
                 TurnAbortReason::Interrupted => {
-                    self.on_error("Tell the model what to do differently".to_owned())
+                    self.on_interrupted_turn();
                 }
                 TurnAbortReason::Replaced => {
                     self.on_error("Turn aborted: replaced by a new task".to_owned())
@@ -948,6 +1009,16 @@ impl ChatWidget {
         self.frame_requester.schedule_frame();
     }
 
+    /// Mark the active exec cell as failed (✗) and flush it into history.
+    fn finalize_active_exec_cell_as_failed(&mut self) {
+        if let Some(cell) = self.active_exec_cell.take() {
+            let cell = cell.into_failed();
+            // Insert finalized exec into history and keep grouping consistent.
+            self.add_to_history(cell);
+            self.last_history_was_exec = true;
+        }
+    }
+
     // If idle and there are queued inputs, submit exactly one to start the next turn.
     fn maybe_send_next_queued_input(&mut self) {
         if self.bottom_pane.is_task_running() {
@@ -1102,22 +1173,15 @@ impl ChatWidget {
     }
 
     /// Handle Ctrl-C key press.
-    /// Returns CancellationEvent::Handled if the event was consumed by the UI, or
-    /// CancellationEvent::Ignored if the caller should handle it (e.g. exit).
-    pub(crate) fn on_ctrl_c(&mut self) -> CancellationEvent {
-        match self.bottom_pane.on_ctrl_c() {
-            CancellationEvent::Handled => return CancellationEvent::Handled,
-            CancellationEvent::Ignored => {}
-        }
-        if self.bottom_pane.is_task_running() {
-            self.interrupt_running_task();
-            CancellationEvent::Ignored
-        } else if self.bottom_pane.ctrl_c_quit_hint_visible() {
-            self.submit_op(Op::Shutdown);
-            CancellationEvent::Handled
-        } else {
-            self.bottom_pane.show_ctrl_c_quit_hint();
-            CancellationEvent::Ignored
+    fn on_ctrl_c(&mut self) {
+        if self.bottom_pane.on_ctrl_c() == CancellationEvent::Ignored {
+            if self.bottom_pane.is_task_running() {
+                self.submit_op(Op::Interrupt);
+            } else if self.bottom_pane.ctrl_c_quit_hint_visible() {
+                self.submit_op(Op::Shutdown);
+            } else {
+                self.bottom_pane.show_ctrl_c_quit_hint();
+            }
         }
     }
 
@@ -1125,6 +1189,13 @@ impl ChatWidget {
         self.bottom_pane.composer_is_empty()
     }
 
+    /// True when the UI is in the regular composer state with no running task,
+    /// no modal overlay (e.g. approvals or status indicator), and no composer popups.
+    /// In this state Esc-Esc backtracking is enabled.
+    pub(crate) fn is_normal_backtrack_mode(&self) -> bool {
+        self.bottom_pane.is_normal_backtrack_mode()
+    }
+
     pub(crate) fn insert_str(&mut self, text: &str) {
         self.bottom_pane.insert_str(text);
     }

codex-rs/tui/src/chatwidget/snapshots/codex_tui__chatwidget__tests__approval_modal_exec.snap

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 ---
 source: tui/src/chatwidget/tests.rs
+assertion_line: 728
 expression: terminal.backend()
 ---
 "? Codex wants to run echo hello world                                           "
@@ -7,7 +8,6 @@ expression: terminal.backend()
 "Model wants to run a command                                                    "
 "                                                                                "
 "▌Allow command?                                                                 "
-"▌ Yes   Always   No   No, provide feedback                                      "
+"▌ Yes   Always   No, provide feedback                                           "
 "▌ Approve and run the command                                                   "
 "                                                                                "
-"                                                                                "

codex-rs/tui/src/chatwidget/snapshots/codex_tui__chatwidget__tests__approval_modal_patch.snap

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 ---
 source: tui/src/chatwidget/tests.rs
-assertion_line: 690
+assertion_line: 763
 expression: terminal.backend()
 ---
 "The model wants to apply changes                                                "
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ expression: terminal.backend()
 "This will grant write access to /tmp for the remainder of this session.         "
 "                                                                                "
 "▌Apply changes?                                                                 "
-"▌ Yes   No   No, provide feedback                                               "
+"▌ Yes   No, provide feedback                                                    "
 "▌ Approve and apply the changes                                                 "
 "                                                                                "
-"                                                                                "

codex-rs/tui/src/chatwidget/snapshots/codex_tui__chatwidget__tests__chat_small_idle_h2.snap

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 ---
 source: tui/src/chatwidget/tests.rs
+assertion_line: 779
 expression: terminal.backend()
 ---
 "▌ Ask Codex to do anything              "

codex-rs/tui/src/chatwidget/snapshots/codex_tui__chatwidget__tests__chat_small_idle_h3.snap

@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 ---
 source: tui/src/chatwidget/tests.rs
+assertion_line: 779
 expression: terminal.backend()
 ---
+"                                        "
 "▌ Ask Codex to do anything              "
 "                                        "
-"                                        "

codex-rs/tui/src/chatwidget/snapshots/codex_tui__chatwidget__tests__chat_small_running_h2.snap

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 ---
 source: tui/src/chatwidget/tests.rs
+assertion_line: 807
 expression: terminal.backend()
 ---
 "▌ Ask Codex to do anything              "

codex-rs/tui/src/chatwidget/snapshots/codex_tui__chatwidget__tests__chat_small_running_h3.snap

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 ---
 source: tui/src/chatwidget/tests.rs
+assertion_line: 807
 expression: terminal.backend()
 ---
 "                                        "

codex-rs/tui/src/chatwidget/snapshots/codex_tui__chatwidget__tests__interrupt_exec_marks_failed.snap

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+---
+source: tui/src/chatwidget/tests.rs
+expression: exec_blob
+---
+>_
+  ✗ ⌨️ sleep 1

codex-rs/tui/src/chatwidget/snapshots/codex_tui__chatwidget__tests__status_widget_active.snap

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 ---
 source: tui/src/chatwidget/tests.rs
-assertion_line: 806
+assertion_line: 878
 expression: terminal.backend()
 ---
 "                                                                                "
@@ -9,4 +9,3 @@ expression: terminal.backend()
 "▌ Ask Codex to do anything                                                      "
 " ⏎ send   Ctrl+J newline   Ctrl+T transcript   Ctrl+C quit                      "
 "                                                                                "
-"                                                                                "

codex-rs/tui/src/chatwidget/snapshots/codex_tui__chatwidget__tests__status_widget_and_approval_modal.snap

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 ---
 source: tui/src/chatwidget/tests.rs
+assertion_line: 851
 expression: terminal.backend()
 ---
 "? Codex wants to run echo 'hello world'                                         "
@@ -7,7 +8,6 @@ expression: terminal.backend()
 "Codex wants to run a command                                                    "
 "                                                                                "
 "▌Allow command?                                                                 "
-"▌ Yes   Always   No   No, provide feedback                                      "
+"▌ Yes   Always   No, provide feedback                                           "
 "▌ Approve and run the command                                                   "
 "                                                                                "
-"                                                                                "

codex-rs/tui/src/chatwidget/tests.rs

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ use codex_core::protocol::PatchApplyBeginEvent;
 use codex_core::protocol::PatchApplyEndEvent;
 use codex_core::protocol::StreamErrorEvent;
 use codex_core::protocol::TaskCompleteEvent;
+use codex_core::protocol::TaskStartedEvent;
 use codex_login::CodexAuth;
 use crossterm::event::KeyCode;
 use crossterm::event::KeyEvent;
@@ -163,6 +164,7 @@ fn make_chatwidget_manual() -> (
         has_input_focus: true,
         enhanced_keys_supported: false,
         placeholder_text: "Ask Codex to do anything".to_string(),
+        disable_paste_burst: false,
     });
     let widget = ChatWidget {
         app_event_tx,
@@ -370,6 +372,48 @@ fn exec_history_cell_shows_working_then_failed() {
     );
 }
 
+// Snapshot test: interrupting a running exec finalizes the active cell with a red ✗
+// marker (replacing the spinner) and flushes it into history.
+#[test]
+fn interrupt_exec_marks_failed_snapshot() {
+    let (mut chat, mut rx, _op_rx) = make_chatwidget_manual();
+
+    // Begin a long-running command so we have an active exec cell with a spinner.
+    chat.handle_codex_event(Event {
+        id: "call-int".into(),
+        msg: EventMsg::ExecCommandBegin(ExecCommandBeginEvent {
+            call_id: "call-int".into(),
+            command: vec!["bash".into(), "-lc".into(), "sleep 1".into()],
+            cwd: std::env::current_dir().unwrap_or_else(|_| PathBuf::from(".")),
+            parsed_cmd: vec![
+                codex_core::parse_command::ParsedCommand::Unknown {
+                    cmd: "sleep 1".into(),
+                }
+                .into(),
+            ],
+        }),
+    });
+
+    // Simulate the task being aborted (as if ESC was pressed), which should
+    // cause the active exec cell to be finalized as failed and flushed.
+    chat.handle_codex_event(Event {
+        id: "call-int".into(),
+        msg: EventMsg::TurnAborted(codex_core::protocol::TurnAbortedEvent {
+            reason: TurnAbortReason::Interrupted,
+        }),
+    });
+
+    let cells = drain_insert_history(&mut rx);
+    assert!(
+        !cells.is_empty(),
+        "expected finalized exec cell to be inserted into history"
+    );
+
+    // The first inserted cell should be the finalized exec; snapshot its text.
+    let exec_blob = lines_to_single_string(&cells[0]);
+    assert_snapshot!("interrupt_exec_marks_failed", exec_blob);
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn exec_history_extends_previous_when_consecutive() {
     let (mut chat, mut rx, _op_rx) = make_chatwidget_manual();
@@ -721,6 +765,45 @@ fn approval_modal_patch_snapshot() {
     assert_snapshot!("approval_modal_patch", terminal.backend());
 }
 
+#[test]
+fn interrupt_restores_queued_messages_into_composer() {
+    let (mut chat, mut rx, mut op_rx) = make_chatwidget_manual();
+
+    // Simulate a running task to enable queuing of user inputs.
+    chat.bottom_pane.set_task_running(true);
+
+    // Queue two user messages while the task is running.
+    chat.queued_user_messages
+        .push_back(UserMessage::from("first queued".to_string()));
+    chat.queued_user_messages
+        .push_back(UserMessage::from("second queued".to_string()));
+    chat.refresh_queued_user_messages();
+
+    // Deliver a TurnAborted event with Interrupted reason (as if Esc was pressed).
+    chat.handle_codex_event(Event {
+        id: "turn-1".into(),
+        msg: EventMsg::TurnAborted(codex_core::protocol::TurnAbortedEvent {
+            reason: codex_core::protocol::TurnAbortReason::Interrupted,
+        }),
+    });
+
+    // Composer should now contain the queued messages joined by newlines, in order.
+    assert_eq!(
+        chat.bottom_pane.composer_text(),
+        "first queued\nsecond queued"
+    );
+
+    // Queue should be cleared and no new user input should have been auto-submitted.
+    assert!(chat.queued_user_messages.is_empty());
+    assert!(
+        op_rx.try_recv().is_err(),
+        "unexpected outbound op after interrupt"
+    );
+
+    // Drain rx to avoid unused warnings.
+    let _ = drain_insert_history(&mut rx);
+}
+
 // Snapshot test: ChatWidget at very small heights (idle)
 // Ensures overall layout behaves when terminal height is extremely constrained.
 #[test]
@@ -748,7 +831,9 @@ fn ui_snapshots_small_heights_task_running() {
     // Activate status line
     chat.handle_codex_event(Event {
         id: "task-1".into(),
-        msg: EventMsg::TaskStarted,
+        msg: EventMsg::TaskStarted(TaskStartedEvent {
+            model_context_window: None,
+        }),
     });
     chat.handle_codex_event(Event {
         id: "task-1".into(),
@@ -777,7 +862,9 @@ fn status_widget_and_approval_modal_snapshot() {
     // Begin a running task so the status indicator would be active.
     chat.handle_codex_event(Event {
         id: "task-1".into(),
-        msg: EventMsg::TaskStarted,
+        msg: EventMsg::TaskStarted(TaskStartedEvent {
+            model_context_window: None,
+        }),
     });
     // Provide a deterministic header for the status line.
     chat.handle_codex_event(Event {
@@ -817,7 +904,9 @@ fn status_widget_active_snapshot() {
     // Activate the status indicator by simulating a task start.
     chat.handle_codex_event(Event {
         id: "task-1".into(),
-        msg: EventMsg::TaskStarted,
+        msg: EventMsg::TaskStarted(TaskStartedEvent {
+            model_context_window: None,
+        }),
     });
     // Provide a deterministic header via a bold reasoning chunk.
     chat.handle_codex_event(Event {
@@ -1165,7 +1254,7 @@ fn stream_error_is_rendered_to_history() {
     let cells = drain_insert_history(&mut rx);
     assert!(!cells.is_empty(), "expected a history cell for StreamError");
     let blob = lines_to_single_string(cells.last().unwrap());
-    assert!(blob.contains("⚠ "));
+    assert!(blob.contains("⚠\u{200A} "));
     assert!(blob.contains("stream error:"));
     assert!(blob.contains("idle timeout waiting for SSE"));
 }
@@ -1265,7 +1354,9 @@ fn multiple_agent_messages_in_single_turn_emit_multiple_headers() {
     // Begin turn
     chat.handle_codex_event(Event {
         id: "s1".into(),
-        msg: EventMsg::TaskStarted,
+        msg: EventMsg::TaskStarted(TaskStartedEvent {
+            model_context_window: None,
+        }),
     });
 
     // First finalized assistant message

codex-rs/tui/src/clipboard_paste.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+use std::path::Path;
 use std::path::PathBuf;
 use tempfile::Builder;
 
@@ -24,12 +25,16 @@ impl std::error::Error for PasteImageError {}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub enum EncodedImageFormat {
     Png,
+    Jpeg,
+    Other,
 }
 
 impl EncodedImageFormat {
     pub fn label(self) -> &'static str {
         match self {
             EncodedImageFormat::Png => "PNG",
+            EncodedImageFormat::Jpeg => "JPEG",
+            EncodedImageFormat::Other => "IMG",
         }
     }
 }
@@ -95,3 +100,185 @@ pub fn paste_image_to_temp_png() -> Result<(PathBuf, PastedImageInfo), PasteImag
         .map_err(|e| PasteImageError::IoError(e.error.to_string()))?;
     Ok((path, info))
 }
+
+/// Normalize pasted text that may represent a filesystem path.
+///
+/// Supports:
+/// - `file://` URLs (converted to local paths)
+/// - Windows/UNC paths
+/// - shell-escaped single paths (via `shlex`)
+pub fn normalize_pasted_path(pasted: &str) -> Option<PathBuf> {
+    let pasted = pasted.trim();
+
+    // file:// URL → filesystem path
+    if let Ok(url) = url::Url::parse(pasted)
+        && url.scheme() == "file"
+    {
+        return url.to_file_path().ok();
+    }
+
+    // TODO: We'll improve the implementation/unit tests over time, as appropriate.
+    // Possibly use typed-path: https://github.com/openai/codex/pull/2567/commits/3cc92b78e0a1f94e857cf4674d3a9db918ed352e
+    //
+    // Detect unquoted Windows paths and bypass POSIX shlex which
+    // treats backslashes as escapes (e.g., C:\Users\Alice\file.png).
+    // Also handles UNC paths (\\server\share\path).
+    let looks_like_windows_path = {
+        // Drive letter path: C:\ or C:/
+        let drive = pasted
+            .chars()
+            .next()
+            .map(|c| c.is_ascii_alphabetic())
+            .unwrap_or(false)
+            && pasted.get(1..2) == Some(":")
+            && pasted
+                .get(2..3)
+                .map(|s| s == "\\" || s == "/")
+                .unwrap_or(false);
+        // UNC path: \\server\share
+        let unc = pasted.starts_with("\\\\");
+        drive || unc
+    };
+    if looks_like_windows_path {
+        return Some(PathBuf::from(pasted));
+    }
+
+    // shell-escaped single path → unescaped
+    let parts: Vec<String> = shlex::Shlex::new(pasted).collect();
+    if parts.len() == 1 {
+        return parts.into_iter().next().map(PathBuf::from);
+    }
+
+    None
+}
+
+/// Infer an image format for the provided path based on its extension.
+pub fn pasted_image_format(path: &Path) -> EncodedImageFormat {
+    match path
+        .extension()
+        .and_then(|e| e.to_str())
+        .map(|s| s.to_ascii_lowercase())
+        .as_deref()
+    {
+        Some("png") => EncodedImageFormat::Png,
+        Some("jpg") | Some("jpeg") => EncodedImageFormat::Jpeg,
+        _ => EncodedImageFormat::Other,
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod pasted_paths_tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[cfg(not(windows))]
+    #[test]
+    fn normalize_file_url() {
+        let input = "file:///tmp/example.png";
+        let result = normalize_pasted_path(input).expect("should parse file URL");
+        assert_eq!(result, PathBuf::from("/tmp/example.png"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn normalize_file_url_windows() {
+        let input = r"C:\Temp\example.png";
+        let result = normalize_pasted_path(input).expect("should parse file URL");
+        assert_eq!(result, PathBuf::from(r"C:\Temp\example.png"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn normalize_shell_escaped_single_path() {
+        let input = "/home/user/My\\ File.png";
+        let result = normalize_pasted_path(input).expect("should unescape shell-escaped path");
+        assert_eq!(result, PathBuf::from("/home/user/My File.png"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn normalize_simple_quoted_path_fallback() {
+        let input = "\"/home/user/My File.png\"";
+        let result = normalize_pasted_path(input).expect("should trim simple quotes");
+        assert_eq!(result, PathBuf::from("/home/user/My File.png"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn normalize_single_quoted_unix_path() {
+        let input = "'/home/user/My File.png'";
+        let result = normalize_pasted_path(input).expect("should trim single quotes via shlex");
+        assert_eq!(result, PathBuf::from("/home/user/My File.png"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn normalize_multiple_tokens_returns_none() {
+        // Two tokens after shell splitting → not a single path
+        let input = "/home/user/a\\ b.png /home/user/c.png";
+        let result = normalize_pasted_path(input);
+        assert!(result.is_none());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn pasted_image_format_png_jpeg_unknown() {
+        assert_eq!(
+            pasted_image_format(Path::new("/a/b/c.PNG")),
+            EncodedImageFormat::Png
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            pasted_image_format(Path::new("/a/b/c.jpg")),
+            EncodedImageFormat::Jpeg
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            pasted_image_format(Path::new("/a/b/c.JPEG")),
+            EncodedImageFormat::Jpeg
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            pasted_image_format(Path::new("/a/b/c")),
+            EncodedImageFormat::Other
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            pasted_image_format(Path::new("/a/b/c.webp")),
+            EncodedImageFormat::Other
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn normalize_single_quoted_windows_path() {
+        let input = r"'C:\\Users\\Alice\\My File.jpeg'";
+        let result =
+            normalize_pasted_path(input).expect("should trim single quotes on windows path");
+        assert_eq!(result, PathBuf::from(r"C:\\Users\\Alice\\My File.jpeg"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn normalize_unquoted_windows_path_with_spaces() {
+        let input = r"C:\\Users\\Alice\\My Pictures\\example image.png";
+        let result = normalize_pasted_path(input).expect("should accept unquoted windows path");
+        assert_eq!(
+            result,
+            PathBuf::from(r"C:\\Users\\Alice\\My Pictures\\example image.png")
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn normalize_unc_windows_path() {
+        let input = r"\\\\server\\share\\folder\\file.jpg";
+        let result = normalize_pasted_path(input).expect("should accept UNC windows path");
+        assert_eq!(
+            result,
+            PathBuf::from(r"\\\\server\\share\\folder\\file.jpg")
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn pasted_image_format_with_windows_style_paths() {
+        assert_eq!(
+            pasted_image_format(Path::new(r"C:\\a\\b\\c.PNG")),
+            EncodedImageFormat::Png
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            pasted_image_format(Path::new(r"C:\\a\\b\\c.jpeg")),
+            EncodedImageFormat::Jpeg
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            pasted_image_format(Path::new(r"C:\\a\\b\\noext")),
+            EncodedImageFormat::Other
+        );
+    }
+}

codex-rs/tui/src/history_cell.rs

@@ -175,6 +175,26 @@ impl WidgetRef for &ExecCell {
     }
 }
 
+impl ExecCell {
+    /// Convert an active exec cell into a failed, completed exec cell.
+    /// Replaces the spinner with a red ✗ and sets a zero/elapsed duration.
+    pub(crate) fn into_failed(mut self) -> ExecCell {
+        let elapsed = self
+            .start_time
+            .map(|st| st.elapsed())
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| Duration::from_millis(0));
+        self.start_time = None;
+        self.duration = Some(elapsed);
+        self.output = Some(CommandOutput {
+            exit_code: 1,
+            stdout: String::new(),
+            stderr: String::new(),
+            formatted_output: String::new(),
+        });
+        self
+    }
+}
+
 #[derive(Debug)]
 struct CompletedMcpToolCallWithImageOutput {
     _image: DynamicImage,
@@ -210,6 +230,17 @@ fn pretty_provider_name(id: &str) -> String {
         title_case(id)
     }
 }
+/// Return the emoji followed by a hair space (U+200A).
+/// Using only the hair space avoids excessive padding after the emoji while
+/// still providing a small visual gap across terminals.
+fn padded_emoji(emoji: &str) -> String {
+    format!("{emoji}\u{200A}")
+}
+
+/// Convenience function over `padded_emoji()`.
+fn padded_emoji_with(emoji: &str, text: impl AsRef<str>) -> String {
+    format!("{}{}", padded_emoji(emoji), text.as_ref())
+}
 
 pub(crate) fn new_session_info(
     config: &Config,
@@ -348,22 +379,22 @@ fn new_parsed_command(
 
     for parsed in parsed_commands.iter() {
         let text = match parsed {
-            ParsedCommand::Read { name, .. } => format!("📖 {name}"),
+            ParsedCommand::Read { name, .. } => padded_emoji_with("📖", name),
             ParsedCommand::ListFiles { cmd, path } => match path {
-                Some(p) => format!("📂 {p}"),
-                None => format!("📂 {cmd}"),
+                Some(p) => padded_emoji_with("📂", p),
+                None => padded_emoji_with("📂", cmd),
             },
             ParsedCommand::Search { query, path, cmd } => match (query, path) {
-                (Some(q), Some(p)) => format!("🔎 {q} in {p}"),
-                (Some(q), None) => format!("🔎 {q}"),
-                (None, Some(p)) => format!("🔎 {p}"),
-                (None, None) => format!("🔎 {cmd}"),
+                (Some(q), Some(p)) => padded_emoji_with("🔎", format!("{q} in {p}")),
+                (Some(q), None) => padded_emoji_with("🔎", q),
+                (None, Some(p)) => padded_emoji_with("🔎", p),
+                (None, None) => padded_emoji_with("🔎", cmd),
             },
-            ParsedCommand::Format { .. } => "✨ Formatting".to_string(),
-            ParsedCommand::Test { cmd } => format!("🧪 {cmd}"),
-            ParsedCommand::Lint { cmd, .. } => format!("🧹 {cmd}"),
-            ParsedCommand::Unknown { cmd } => format!("⌨️ {cmd}"),
-            ParsedCommand::Noop { cmd } => format!("🔄 {cmd}"),
+            ParsedCommand::Format { .. } => padded_emoji_with("✨", "Formatting"),
+            ParsedCommand::Test { cmd } => padded_emoji_with("🧪", cmd),
+            ParsedCommand::Lint { cmd, .. } => padded_emoji_with("🧹", cmd),
+            ParsedCommand::Unknown { cmd } => padded_emoji_with("⌨️", cmd),
+            ParsedCommand::Noop { cmd } => padded_emoji_with("🔄", cmd),
         };
         // Prefix: two spaces, marker, space. Continuations align under the text block.
         for (j, line_text) in text.lines().enumerate() {
@@ -449,8 +480,10 @@ pub(crate) fn new_active_mcp_tool_call(invocation: McpInvocation) -> PlainHistor
 }
 
 pub(crate) fn new_web_search_call(query: String) -> PlainHistoryCell {
-    let lines: Vec<Line<'static>> =
-        vec![Line::from(""), Line::from(vec!["🌐 ".into(), query.into()])];
+    let lines: Vec<Line<'static>> = vec![
+        Line::from(""),
+        Line::from(vec![padded_emoji("🌐").into(), query.into()]),
+    ];
     PlainHistoryCell { lines }
 }
 
@@ -594,7 +627,10 @@ pub(crate) fn new_status_output(
     };
 
     // 📂 Workspace
-    lines.push(Line::from(vec!["📂 ".into(), "Workspace".bold()]));
+    lines.push(Line::from(vec![
+        padded_emoji("📂").into(),
+        "Workspace".bold(),
+    ]));
     // Path (home-relative, e.g., ~/code/project)
     let cwd_str = match relativize_to_home(&config.cwd) {
         Some(rel) if !rel.as_os_str().is_empty() => {
@@ -675,7 +711,10 @@ pub(crate) fn new_status_output(
     if let Ok(auth) = try_read_auth_json(&auth_file)
         && let Some(tokens) = auth.tokens.clone()
     {
-        lines.push(Line::from(vec!["👤 ".into(), "Account".bold()]));
+        lines.push(Line::from(vec![
+            padded_emoji("👤").into(),
+            "Account".bold(),
+        ]));
         lines.push(Line::from("  • Signed in with ChatGPT"));
 
         let info = tokens.id_token;
@@ -702,7 +741,7 @@ pub(crate) fn new_status_output(
     }
 
     // 🧠 Model
-    lines.push(Line::from(vec!["🧠 ".into(), "Model".bold()]));
+    lines.push(Line::from(vec![padded_emoji("🧠").into(), "Model".bold()]));
     lines.push(Line::from(vec![
         "  • Name: ".into(),
         config.model.clone().into(),
@@ -853,13 +892,26 @@ pub(crate) fn new_mcp_tools_output(
 }
 
 pub(crate) fn new_error_event(message: String) -> PlainHistoryCell {
-    let lines: Vec<Line<'static>> = vec!["".into(), vec!["🖐 ".red().bold(), message.into()].into()];
+    // Use a hair space (U+200A) to create a subtle, near-invisible separation
+    // before the text. VS16 is intentionally omitted to keep spacing tighter
+    // in terminals like Ghostty.
+    let lines: Vec<Line<'static>> = vec![
+        "".into(),
+        vec![padded_emoji("🖐").red().bold(), " ".into(), message.into()].into(),
+    ];
     PlainHistoryCell { lines }
 }
 
 pub(crate) fn new_stream_error_event(message: String) -> PlainHistoryCell {
-    let lines: Vec<Line<'static>> =
-        vec![vec!["⚠ ".magenta().bold(), message.dim()].into(), "".into()];
+    let lines: Vec<Line<'static>> = vec![
+        vec![
+            padded_emoji("⚠").magenta().bold(),
+            " ".into(),
+            message.dim(),
+        ]
+        .into(),
+        "".into(),
+    ];
     PlainHistoryCell { lines }
 }
 

codex-rs/tui/src/lib.rs

@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ pub mod live_wrap;
 mod markdown;
 mod markdown_stream;
 pub mod onboarding;
+mod pager_overlay;
 mod render;
 mod session_log;
 mod shimmer;
@@ -53,7 +54,6 @@ mod slash_command;
 mod status_indicator_widget;
 mod streaming;
 mod text_formatting;
-mod transcript_app;
 mod tui;
 mod user_approval_widget;
 
@@ -128,6 +128,7 @@ pub async fn run_main(
         base_instructions: None,
         include_plan_tool: Some(true),
         include_apply_patch_tool: None,
+        include_view_image_tool: None,
         disable_response_storage: cli.oss.then_some(true),
         show_raw_agent_reasoning: cli.oss.then_some(true),
         tools_web_search_request: cli.web_search.then_some(true),

codex-rs/tui/src/markdown.rs

@@ -435,4 +435,148 @@ mod tests {
             "Hi! How can I help with codex-rs today? Want me to explore the repo, run tests, or work on a specific change?"
         );
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn tui_markdown_splits_ordered_marker_and_text() {
+        // With marker and content on the same line, tui_markdown keeps it as one line
+        // even in the surrounding section context.
+        let rendered = tui_markdown::from_str("Loose vs. tight list items:\n1. Tight item\n");
+        let lines: Vec<String> = rendered
+            .lines
+            .iter()
+            .map(|l| {
+                l.spans
+                    .iter()
+                    .map(|s| s.content.clone())
+                    .collect::<String>()
+            })
+            .collect();
+        assert!(
+            lines.iter().any(|w| w == "1. Tight item"),
+            "expected single line '1. Tight item' in context: {lines:?}"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn append_markdown_matches_tui_markdown_for_ordered_item() {
+        use codex_core::config_types::UriBasedFileOpener;
+        use std::path::Path;
+        let cwd = Path::new("/");
+        let mut out = Vec::new();
+        append_markdown_with_opener_and_cwd(
+            "1. Tight item\n",
+            &mut out,
+            UriBasedFileOpener::None,
+            cwd,
+        );
+        let lines: Vec<String> = out
+            .iter()
+            .map(|l| {
+                l.spans
+                    .iter()
+                    .map(|s| s.content.clone())
+                    .collect::<String>()
+            })
+            .collect();
+        assert_eq!(lines, vec!["1. Tight item".to_string()]);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn tui_markdown_shape_for_loose_tight_section() {
+        // Use the exact source from the session deltas used in tests.
+        let source = r#"
+Loose vs. tight list items:
+1. Tight item
+2. Another tight item
+
+3.
+   Loose item
+"#;
+
+        let rendered = tui_markdown::from_str(source);
+        let lines: Vec<String> = rendered
+            .lines
+            .iter()
+            .map(|l| {
+                l.spans
+                    .iter()
+                    .map(|s| s.content.clone())
+                    .collect::<String>()
+            })
+            .collect();
+        // Join into a single string and assert the exact shape we observe
+        // from tui_markdown in this larger context (marker and content split).
+        let joined = {
+            let mut s = String::new();
+            for (i, l) in lines.iter().enumerate() {
+                s.push_str(l);
+                if i + 1 < lines.len() {
+                    s.push('\n');
+                }
+            }
+            s
+        };
+        let expected = r#"Loose vs. tight list items:
+
+1. 
+Tight item
+2. 
+Another tight item
+3. 
+Loose item"#;
+        assert_eq!(
+            joined, expected,
+            "unexpected tui_markdown shape: {joined:?}"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn split_text_and_fences_keeps_ordered_list_line_as_text() {
+        // No fences here; expect a single Text segment containing the full input.
+        let src = "Loose vs. tight list items:\n1. Tight item\n";
+        let segs = super::split_text_and_fences(src);
+        assert_eq!(
+            segs.len(),
+            1,
+            "expected single text segment, got {}",
+            segs.len()
+        );
+        match &segs[0] {
+            super::Segment::Text(s) => assert_eq!(s, src),
+            _ => panic!("expected Text segment for non-fence input"),
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn append_markdown_keeps_ordered_list_line_unsplit_in_context() {
+        use codex_core::config_types::UriBasedFileOpener;
+        use std::path::Path;
+        let src = "Loose vs. tight list items:\n1. Tight item\n";
+        let cwd = Path::new("/");
+        let mut out = Vec::new();
+        append_markdown_with_opener_and_cwd(src, &mut out, UriBasedFileOpener::None, cwd);
+
+        let lines: Vec<String> = out
+            .iter()
+            .map(|l| {
+                l.spans
+                    .iter()
+                    .map(|s| s.content.clone())
+                    .collect::<String>()
+            })
+            .collect();
+
+        // Expect to find the ordered list line rendered as a single line,
+        // not split into a marker-only line followed by the text.
+        assert!(
+            lines.iter().any(|s| s == "1. Tight item"),
+            "expected '1. Tight item' rendered as a single line; got: {lines:?}"
+        );
+        assert!(
+            !lines
+                .windows(2)
+                .any(|w| w[0].trim_end() == "1." && w[1] == "Tight item"),
+            "did not expect a split into ['1.', 'Tight item']; got: {lines:?}"
+        );
+    }
 }

codex-rs/tui/src/markdown_stream.rs

@@ -65,6 +65,21 @@ impl MarkdownStreamCollector {
         {
             complete_line_count -= 1;
         }
+        // Heuristic: if the buffer ends with a double newline and the last non-blank
+        // rendered line looks like a list bullet with inline content (e.g., "- item"),
+        // defer committing that line. Subsequent context (e.g., another list item)
+        // can cause the renderer to split the bullet marker and text into separate
+        // logical lines ("- " then "item"), which would otherwise duplicate content.
+        if self.buffer.ends_with("\n\n") && complete_line_count > 0 {
+            let last = &rendered[complete_line_count - 1];
+            let mut text = String::new();
+            for s in &last.spans {
+                text.push_str(&s.content);
+            }
+            if text.starts_with("- ") && text.trim() != "-" {
+                complete_line_count = complete_line_count.saturating_sub(1);
+            }
+        }
         if !self.buffer.ends_with('\n') {
             complete_line_count = complete_line_count.saturating_sub(1);
             // If we're inside an unclosed fenced code block, also drop the
@@ -72,6 +87,38 @@ impl MarkdownStreamCollector {
             if is_inside_unclosed_fence(&source) {
                 complete_line_count = complete_line_count.saturating_sub(1);
             }
+            // If the next (incomplete) line appears to begin a list item,
+            // also defer the previous completed line because the renderer may
+            // retroactively treat it as part of the list (e.g., ordered list item 1).
+            if let Some(last_nl) = source.rfind('\n') {
+                let tail = &source[last_nl + 1..];
+                if starts_with_list_marker(tail) {
+                    complete_line_count = complete_line_count.saturating_sub(1);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Conservatively withhold trailing list-like lines (unordered or ordered)
+        // because streaming mid-item can cause the renderer to later split or
+        // restructure them (e.g., duplicating content or separating the marker).
+        // Only defers lines at the end of the out slice so previously committed
+        // lines remain stable.
+        if complete_line_count > self.committed_line_count {
+            let mut safe_count = complete_line_count;
+            while safe_count > self.committed_line_count {
+                let l = &rendered[safe_count - 1];
+                let mut text = String::new();
+                for s in &l.spans {
+                    text.push_str(&s.content);
+                }
+                let listish = is_potentially_volatile_list_line(&text);
+                if listish {
+                    safe_count -= 1;
+                    continue;
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+            complete_line_count = safe_count;
         }
 
         if self.committed_line_count >= complete_line_count {
@@ -86,6 +133,20 @@ impl MarkdownStreamCollector {
             return Vec::new();
         }
 
+        // Additional conservative hold-back: if exactly one short, plain word
+        // line would be emitted, defer it. This avoids committing a lone word
+        // that might become the first ordered-list item once the next delta
+        // arrives (e.g., next line starts with "2 " or "2. ").
+        if out_slice.len() == 1 {
+            let mut s = String::new();
+            for sp in &out_slice[0].spans {
+                s.push_str(&sp.content);
+            }
+            if is_short_plain_word(&s) {
+                return Vec::new();
+            }
+        }
+
         let out = out_slice.to_vec();
         self.committed_line_count = complete_line_count;
         out
@@ -118,6 +179,75 @@ impl MarkdownStreamCollector {
     }
 }
 
+#[inline]
+fn is_potentially_volatile_list_line(text: &str) -> bool {
+    let t = text.trim_end();
+    if t == "-" || t == "*" || t == "- " || t == "* " {
+        return true;
+    }
+    if t.starts_with("- ") || t.starts_with("* ") {
+        return true;
+    }
+    // ordered list like "1. " or "23. "
+    let mut it = t.chars().peekable();
+    let mut saw_digit = false;
+    while let Some(&ch) = it.peek() {
+        if ch.is_ascii_digit() {
+            saw_digit = true;
+            it.next();
+            continue;
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+    if saw_digit && it.peek() == Some(&'.') {
+        // consume '.'
+        it.next();
+        if it.peek() == Some(&' ') {
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+    false
+}
+
+#[inline]
+fn starts_with_list_marker(text: &str) -> bool {
+    let t = text.trim_start();
+    if t.starts_with("- ") || t.starts_with("* ") || t.starts_with("-\t") || t.starts_with("*\t") {
+        return true;
+    }
+    // ordered list marker like "1 ", "1. ", "23 ", "23. "
+    let mut it = t.chars().peekable();
+    let mut saw_digit = false;
+    while let Some(&ch) = it.peek() {
+        if ch.is_ascii_digit() {
+            saw_digit = true;
+            it.next();
+        } else {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    if !saw_digit {
+        return false;
+    }
+    match it.peek() {
+        Some('.') => {
+            it.next();
+            matches!(it.peek(), Some(' '))
+        }
+        Some(' ') => true,
+        _ => false,
+    }
+}
+
+#[inline]
+fn is_short_plain_word(s: &str) -> bool {
+    let t = s.trim();
+    if t.is_empty() || t.len() > 5 {
+        return false;
+    }
+    t.chars().all(|c| c.is_alphanumeric())
+}
+
 /// fence helpers are provided by `crate::render::markdown_utils`
 #[cfg(test)]
 fn unwrap_markdown_language_fence_if_enabled(s: String) -> String {
@@ -530,4 +660,191 @@ mod tests {
             "heading should not merge with paragraph: {texts:?}"
         );
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn loose_list_with_split_dashes_matches_full_render() {
+        let cfg = test_config();
+        // Minimized failing sequence discovered by the helper: two chunks
+        // that still reproduce the mismatch.
+        let deltas = vec!["- item.\n\n", "-"];
+
+        let streamed = simulate_stream_markdown_for_tests(&deltas, true, &cfg);
+        let streamed_strs = lines_to_plain_strings(&streamed);
+
+        let full: String = deltas.iter().copied().collect();
+        let mut rendered_all: Vec<ratatui::text::Line<'static>> = Vec::new();
+        crate::markdown::append_markdown(&full, &mut rendered_all, &cfg);
+        let rendered_all_strs = lines_to_plain_strings(&rendered_all);
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            streamed_strs, rendered_all_strs,
+            "streamed output should match full render without dangling '-' lines"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn loose_vs_tight_list_items_streaming_matches_full() {
+        let cfg = test_config();
+        // Deltas extracted from the session log around 2025-08-27T00:33:18.216Z
+        let deltas = vec![
+            "\n\n",
+            "Loose",
+            " vs",
+            ".",
+            " tight",
+            " list",
+            " items",
+            ":\n",
+            "1",
+            ".",
+            " Tight",
+            " item",
+            "\n",
+            "2",
+            ".",
+            " Another",
+            " tight",
+            " item",
+            "\n\n",
+            "1",
+            ".",
+            " Loose",
+            " item",
+            " with",
+            " its",
+            " own",
+            " paragraph",
+            ".\n\n",
+            "  ",
+            " This",
+            " paragraph",
+            " belongs",
+            " to",
+            " the",
+            " same",
+            " list",
+            " item",
+            ".\n\n",
+            "2",
+            ".",
+            " Second",
+            " loose",
+            " item",
+            " with",
+            " a",
+            " nested",
+            " list",
+            " after",
+            " a",
+            " blank",
+            " line",
+            ".\n\n",
+            "  ",
+            " -",
+            " Nested",
+            " bullet",
+            " under",
+            " a",
+            " loose",
+            " item",
+            "\n",
+            "  ",
+            " -",
+            " Another",
+            " nested",
+            " bullet",
+            "\n\n",
+        ];
+
+        let streamed = simulate_stream_markdown_for_tests(&deltas, true, &cfg);
+        let streamed_strs = lines_to_plain_strings(&streamed);
+
+        // Compute a full render for diagnostics only.
+        let full: String = deltas.iter().copied().collect();
+        let mut rendered_all: Vec<ratatui::text::Line<'static>> = Vec::new();
+        crate::markdown::append_markdown(&full, &mut rendered_all, &cfg);
+
+        // Also assert exact expected plain strings for clarity.
+        let expected = vec![
+            "Loose vs. tight list items:".to_string(),
+            "".to_string(),
+            "1. ".to_string(),
+            "Tight item".to_string(),
+            "2. ".to_string(),
+            "Another tight item".to_string(),
+            "3. ".to_string(),
+            "Loose item with its own paragraph.".to_string(),
+            "".to_string(),
+            "This paragraph belongs to the same list item.".to_string(),
+            "4. ".to_string(),
+            "Second loose item with a nested list after a blank line.".to_string(),
+            "    - Nested bullet under a loose item".to_string(),
+            "    - Another nested bullet".to_string(),
+        ];
+        assert_eq!(
+            streamed_strs, expected,
+            "expected exact rendered lines for loose/tight section"
+        );
+    }
+
+    // Targeted tests derived from fuzz findings. Each asserts streamed == full render.
+
+    #[test]
+    fn fuzz_class_bare_dash_then_task_item() {
+        let cfg = test_config();
+        // Case similar to: ["two\n", "- \n* [x] done "]
+        let deltas = vec!["two\n", "- \n* [x] done \n"];
+        let streamed = simulate_stream_markdown_for_tests(&deltas, true, &cfg);
+        let streamed_strs = lines_to_plain_strings(&streamed);
+        let full: String = deltas.iter().copied().collect();
+        let mut rendered: Vec<ratatui::text::Line<'static>> = Vec::new();
+        crate::markdown::append_markdown(&full, &mut rendered, &cfg);
+        let rendered_strs = lines_to_plain_strings(&rendered);
+        assert_eq!(streamed_strs, rendered_strs);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn fuzz_class_bullet_duplication_variant_1() {
+        let cfg = test_config();
+        // Case similar to: ["aph.\n- let one\n- bull", "et two\n\n  second paragraph "]
+        let deltas = vec!["aph.\n- let one\n- bull", "et two\n\n  second paragraph \n"];
+        let streamed = simulate_stream_markdown_for_tests(&deltas, true, &cfg);
+        let streamed_strs = lines_to_plain_strings(&streamed);
+        let full: String = deltas.iter().copied().collect();
+        let mut rendered: Vec<ratatui::text::Line<'static>> = Vec::new();
+        crate::markdown::append_markdown(&full, &mut rendered, &cfg);
+        let rendered_strs = lines_to_plain_strings(&rendered);
+        assert_eq!(streamed_strs, rendered_strs);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn fuzz_class_bullet_duplication_variant_2() {
+        let cfg = test_config();
+        // Case similar to: ["- e\n  c", "e\n- bullet two\n\n  second paragraph in bullet two\n"]
+        let deltas = vec![
+            "- e\n  c",
+            "e\n- bullet two\n\n  second paragraph in bullet two\n",
+        ];
+        let streamed = simulate_stream_markdown_for_tests(&deltas, true, &cfg);
+        let streamed_strs = lines_to_plain_strings(&streamed);
+        let full: String = deltas.iter().copied().collect();
+        let mut rendered: Vec<ratatui::text::Line<'static>> = Vec::new();
+        crate::markdown::append_markdown(&full, &mut rendered, &cfg);
+        let rendered_strs = lines_to_plain_strings(&rendered);
+        assert_eq!(streamed_strs, rendered_strs);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn fuzz_class_ordered_list_split_weirdness() {
+        let cfg = test_config();
+        // Case similar to: ["one\n2", " two\n- \n* [x] d"]
+        let deltas = vec!["one\n2", " two\n- \n* [x] d\n"];
+        let streamed = simulate_stream_markdown_for_tests(&deltas, true, &cfg);
+        let streamed_strs = lines_to_plain_strings(&streamed);
+        let full: String = deltas.iter().copied().collect();
+        let mut rendered: Vec<ratatui::text::Line<'static>> = Vec::new();
+        crate::markdown::append_markdown(&full, &mut rendered, &cfg);
+        let rendered_strs = lines_to_plain_strings(&rendered);
+        assert_eq!(streamed_strs, rendered_strs);
+    }
 }

codex-rs/tui/src/pager_overlay.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,603 @@
+use std::io::Result;
+use std::time::Duration;
+
+use crate::insert_history;
+use crate::tui;
+use crate::tui::TuiEvent;
+use crossterm::event::KeyCode;
+use crossterm::event::KeyEvent;
+use crossterm::event::KeyEventKind;
+use ratatui::buffer::Buffer;
+use ratatui::layout::Rect;
+use ratatui::style::Color;
+use ratatui::style::Style;
+use ratatui::style::Styled;
+use ratatui::style::Stylize;
+use ratatui::text::Line;
+use ratatui::text::Span;
+use ratatui::widgets::Paragraph;
+use ratatui::widgets::WidgetRef;
+
+pub(crate) enum Overlay {
+    Transcript(TranscriptOverlay),
+    Static(StaticOverlay),
+}
+
+impl Overlay {
+    pub(crate) fn new_transcript(lines: Vec<Line<'static>>) -> Self {
+        Self::Transcript(TranscriptOverlay::new(lines))
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn new_static_with_title(lines: Vec<Line<'static>>, title: String) -> Self {
+        Self::Static(StaticOverlay::with_title(lines, title))
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn handle_event(&mut self, tui: &mut tui::Tui, event: TuiEvent) -> Result<()> {
+        match self {
+            Overlay::Transcript(o) => o.handle_event(tui, event),
+            Overlay::Static(o) => o.handle_event(tui, event),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn is_done(&self) -> bool {
+        match self {
+            Overlay::Transcript(o) => o.is_done(),
+            Overlay::Static(o) => o.is_done(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// Common pager navigation hints rendered on the first line
+const PAGER_KEY_HINTS: &[(&str, &str)] = &[
+    ("↑/↓", "scroll"),
+    ("PgUp/PgDn", "page"),
+    ("Home/End", "jump"),
+];
+
+// Render a single line of key hints from (key, description) pairs.
+fn render_key_hints(area: Rect, buf: &mut Buffer, pairs: &[(&str, &str)]) {
+    let key_hint_style = Style::default().fg(Color::Cyan);
+    let mut spans: Vec<Span<'static>> = vec![" ".into()];
+    let mut first = true;
+    for (key, desc) in pairs {
+        if !first {
+            spans.push("   ".into());
+        }
+        spans.push(Span::from(key.to_string()).set_style(key_hint_style));
+        spans.push(" ".into());
+        spans.push(Span::from(desc.to_string()));
+        first = false;
+    }
+    Paragraph::new(vec![Line::from(spans).dim()]).render_ref(area, buf);
+}
+
+/// Generic widget for rendering a pager view.
+struct PagerView {
+    lines: Vec<Line<'static>>,
+    scroll_offset: usize,
+    title: String,
+    wrap_cache: Option<WrapCache>,
+}
+
+impl PagerView {
+    fn new(lines: Vec<Line<'static>>, title: String, scroll_offset: usize) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            lines,
+            scroll_offset,
+            title,
+            wrap_cache: None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn render(&mut self, area: Rect, buf: &mut Buffer) {
+        self.render_header(area, buf);
+        let content_area = self.scroll_area(area);
+        self.ensure_wrapped(content_area.width);
+        // Compute page bounds without holding an immutable borrow on cache while mutating self
+        let wrapped_len = self
+            .wrap_cache
+            .as_ref()
+            .map(|c| c.wrapped.len())
+            .unwrap_or(0);
+        self.scroll_offset = self
+            .scroll_offset
+            .min(wrapped_len.saturating_sub(content_area.height as usize));
+        let start = self.scroll_offset;
+        let end = (start + content_area.height as usize).min(wrapped_len);
+
+        let (wrapped, _src_idx) = self.cached();
+        let page = &wrapped[start..end];
+        self.render_content_page_prepared(content_area, buf, page);
+        self.render_bottom_bar(area, content_area, buf, wrapped);
+    }
+
+    fn render_with_highlight(
+        &mut self,
+        area: Rect,
+        buf: &mut Buffer,
+        highlight: Option<(usize, usize)>,
+    ) {
+        self.render_header(area, buf);
+        let content_area = self.scroll_area(area);
+        self.ensure_wrapped(content_area.width);
+        // Compute page bounds first to avoid borrow conflicts
+        let wrapped_len = self
+            .wrap_cache
+            .as_ref()
+            .map(|c| c.wrapped.len())
+            .unwrap_or(0);
+        self.scroll_offset = self
+            .scroll_offset
+            .min(wrapped_len.saturating_sub(content_area.height as usize));
+        let start = self.scroll_offset;
+        let end = (start + content_area.height as usize).min(wrapped_len);
+
+        let (wrapped, src_idx) = self.cached();
+        let page = self.page_with_optional_highlight(wrapped, src_idx, start, end, highlight);
+        self.render_content_page_prepared(content_area, buf, &page);
+        self.render_bottom_bar(area, content_area, buf, wrapped);
+    }
+
+    fn render_header(&self, area: Rect, buf: &mut Buffer) {
+        Span::from("/ ".repeat(area.width as usize / 2))
+            .dim()
+            .render_ref(area, buf);
+        let header = format!("/ {}", self.title);
+        Span::from(header).dim().render_ref(area, buf);
+    }
+
+    // Removed unused render_content_page (replaced by render_content_page_prepared)
+
+    fn render_content_page_prepared(&self, area: Rect, buf: &mut Buffer, page: &[Line<'static>]) {
+        Paragraph::new(page.to_vec()).render_ref(area, buf);
+
+        let visible = page.len();
+        if visible < area.height as usize {
+            for i in 0..(area.height as usize - visible) {
+                let add = ((visible + i).min(u16::MAX as usize)) as u16;
+                let y = area.y.saturating_add(add);
+                Span::from("~")
+                    .dim()
+                    .render_ref(Rect::new(area.x, y, 1, 1), buf);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn render_bottom_bar(
+        &self,
+        full_area: Rect,
+        content_area: Rect,
+        buf: &mut Buffer,
+        wrapped: &[Line<'static>],
+    ) {
+        let sep_y = content_area.bottom();
+        let sep_rect = Rect::new(full_area.x, sep_y, full_area.width, 1);
+
+        Span::from("─".repeat(sep_rect.width as usize))
+            .dim()
+            .render_ref(sep_rect, buf);
+        let percent = if wrapped.is_empty() {
+            100
+        } else {
+            let max_scroll = wrapped.len().saturating_sub(content_area.height as usize);
+            if max_scroll == 0 {
+                100
+            } else {
+                (((self.scroll_offset.min(max_scroll)) as f32 / max_scroll as f32) * 100.0).round()
+                    as u8
+            }
+        };
+        let pct_text = format!(" {percent}% ");
+        let pct_w = pct_text.chars().count() as u16;
+        let pct_x = sep_rect.x + sep_rect.width - pct_w - 1;
+        Span::from(pct_text)
+            .dim()
+            .render_ref(Rect::new(pct_x, sep_rect.y, pct_w, 1), buf);
+    }
+
+    fn handle_key_event(&mut self, tui: &mut tui::Tui, key_event: KeyEvent) -> Result<()> {
+        match key_event {
+            KeyEvent {
+                code: KeyCode::Up,
+                kind: KeyEventKind::Press | KeyEventKind::Repeat,
+                ..
+            } => {
+                self.scroll_offset = self.scroll_offset.saturating_sub(1);
+            }
+            KeyEvent {
+                code: KeyCode::Down,
+                kind: KeyEventKind::Press | KeyEventKind::Repeat,
+                ..
+            } => {
+                self.scroll_offset = self.scroll_offset.saturating_add(1);
+            }
+            KeyEvent {
+                code: KeyCode::PageUp,
+                kind: KeyEventKind::Press | KeyEventKind::Repeat,
+                ..
+            } => {
+                let area = self.scroll_area(tui.terminal.viewport_area);
+                self.scroll_offset = self.scroll_offset.saturating_sub(area.height as usize);
+            }
+            KeyEvent {
+                code: KeyCode::PageDown | KeyCode::Char(' '),
+                kind: KeyEventKind::Press | KeyEventKind::Repeat,
+                ..
+            } => {
+                let area = self.scroll_area(tui.terminal.viewport_area);
+                self.scroll_offset = self.scroll_offset.saturating_add(area.height as usize);
+            }
+            KeyEvent {
+                code: KeyCode::Home,
+                kind: KeyEventKind::Press | KeyEventKind::Repeat,
+                ..
+            } => {
+                self.scroll_offset = 0;
+            }
+            KeyEvent {
+                code: KeyCode::End,
+                kind: KeyEventKind::Press | KeyEventKind::Repeat,
+                ..
+            } => {
+                self.scroll_offset = usize::MAX;
+            }
+            _ => {
+                return Ok(());
+            }
+        }
+        tui.frame_requester()
+            .schedule_frame_in(Duration::from_millis(16));
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn scroll_area(&self, area: Rect) -> Rect {
+        let mut area = area;
+        area.y = area.y.saturating_add(1);
+        area.height = area.height.saturating_sub(2);
+        area
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+struct WrapCache {
+    width: u16,
+    wrapped: Vec<Line<'static>>,
+    src_idx: Vec<usize>,
+    base_len: usize,
+}
+
+impl PagerView {
+    fn ensure_wrapped(&mut self, width: u16) {
+        let width = width.max(1);
+        let needs = match self.wrap_cache {
+            Some(ref c) => c.width != width || c.base_len != self.lines.len(),
+            None => true,
+        };
+        if !needs {
+            return;
+        }
+        let mut wrapped: Vec<Line<'static>> = Vec::new();
+        let mut src_idx: Vec<usize> = Vec::new();
+        for (i, line) in self.lines.iter().enumerate() {
+            let ws = insert_history::word_wrap_lines(std::slice::from_ref(line), width);
+            src_idx.extend(std::iter::repeat_n(i, ws.len()));
+            wrapped.extend(ws);
+        }
+        self.wrap_cache = Some(WrapCache {
+            width,
+            wrapped,
+            src_idx,
+            base_len: self.lines.len(),
+        });
+    }
+
+    fn cached(&self) -> (&[Line<'static>], &[usize]) {
+        if let Some(cache) = self.wrap_cache.as_ref() {
+            (&cache.wrapped, &cache.src_idx)
+        } else {
+            (&[], &[])
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn page_with_optional_highlight<'a>(
+        &self,
+        wrapped: &'a [Line<'static>],
+        src_idx: &[usize],
+        start: usize,
+        end: usize,
+        highlight: Option<(usize, usize)>,
+    ) -> std::borrow::Cow<'a, [Line<'static>]> {
+        use ratatui::style::Modifier;
+        let (hi_start, hi_end) = match highlight {
+            Some(r) => r,
+            None => return std::borrow::Cow::Borrowed(&wrapped[start..end]),
+        };
+        let mut out: Vec<Line<'static>> = Vec::with_capacity(end - start);
+        let mut bold_done = false;
+        for (row, src_line) in wrapped
+            .iter()
+            .enumerate()
+            .skip(start)
+            .take(end.saturating_sub(start))
+        {
+            let mut line = src_line.clone();
+            if let Some(src) = src_idx.get(row).copied()
+                && src >= hi_start
+                && src < hi_end
+            {
+                for (i, s) in line.spans.iter_mut().enumerate() {
+                    s.style.add_modifier |= Modifier::REVERSED;
+                    if !bold_done && i == 0 {
+                        s.style.add_modifier |= Modifier::BOLD;
+                        bold_done = true;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            out.push(line);
+        }
+        std::borrow::Cow::Owned(out)
+    }
+}
+
+pub(crate) struct TranscriptOverlay {
+    view: PagerView,
+    highlight_range: Option<(usize, usize)>,
+    is_done: bool,
+}
+
+impl TranscriptOverlay {
+    pub(crate) fn new(transcript_lines: Vec<Line<'static>>) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            view: PagerView::new(
+                transcript_lines,
+                "T R A N S C R I P T".to_string(),
+                usize::MAX,
+            ),
+            highlight_range: None,
+            is_done: false,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn insert_lines(&mut self, lines: Vec<Line<'static>>) {
+        self.view.lines.extend(lines);
+        self.view.wrap_cache = None;
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn set_highlight_range(&mut self, range: Option<(usize, usize)>) {
+        self.highlight_range = range;
+    }
+
+    fn render_hints(&self, area: Rect, buf: &mut Buffer) {
+        let line1 = Rect::new(area.x, area.y, area.width, 1);
+        let line2 = Rect::new(area.x, area.y.saturating_add(1), area.width, 1);
+        render_key_hints(line1, buf, PAGER_KEY_HINTS);
+        let mut pairs: Vec<(&str, &str)> = vec![("q", "quit"), ("Esc", "edit prev")];
+        if let Some((start, end)) = self.highlight_range
+            && end > start
+        {
+            pairs.push(("⏎", "edit message"));
+        }
+        render_key_hints(line2, buf, &pairs);
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn render(&mut self, area: Rect, buf: &mut Buffer) {
+        let top_h = area.height.saturating_sub(3);
+        let top = Rect::new(area.x, area.y, area.width, top_h);
+        let bottom = Rect::new(area.x, area.y + top_h, area.width, 3);
+        self.view
+            .render_with_highlight(top, buf, self.highlight_range);
+        self.render_hints(bottom, buf);
+    }
+}
+
+impl TranscriptOverlay {
+    pub(crate) fn handle_event(&mut self, tui: &mut tui::Tui, event: TuiEvent) -> Result<()> {
+        match event {
+            TuiEvent::Key(key_event) => match key_event {
+                KeyEvent {
+                    code: KeyCode::Char('q'),
+                    kind: KeyEventKind::Press,
+                    ..
+                }
+                | KeyEvent {
+                    code: KeyCode::Char('t'),
+                    modifiers: crossterm::event::KeyModifiers::CONTROL,
+                    kind: KeyEventKind::Press,
+                    ..
+                }
+                | KeyEvent {
+                    code: KeyCode::Char('c'),
+                    modifiers: crossterm::event::KeyModifiers::CONTROL,
+                    kind: KeyEventKind::Press,
+                    ..
+                } => {
+                    self.is_done = true;
+                    Ok(())
+                }
+                other => self.view.handle_key_event(tui, other),
+            },
+            TuiEvent::Draw => {
+                tui.draw(u16::MAX, |frame| {
+                    self.render(frame.area(), frame.buffer);
+                })?;
+                Ok(())
+            }
+            _ => Ok(()),
+        }
+    }
+    pub(crate) fn is_done(&self) -> bool {
+        self.is_done
+    }
+    pub(crate) fn set_scroll_offset(&mut self, offset: usize) {
+        self.view.scroll_offset = offset;
+    }
+}
+
+pub(crate) struct StaticOverlay {
+    view: PagerView,
+    is_done: bool,
+}
+
+impl StaticOverlay {
+    pub(crate) fn with_title(lines: Vec<Line<'static>>, title: String) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            view: PagerView::new(lines, title, 0),
+            is_done: false,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn render_hints(&self, area: Rect, buf: &mut Buffer) {
+        let line1 = Rect::new(area.x, area.y, area.width, 1);
+        let line2 = Rect::new(area.x, area.y.saturating_add(1), area.width, 1);
+        render_key_hints(line1, buf, PAGER_KEY_HINTS);
+        let pairs = [("q", "quit")];
+        render_key_hints(line2, buf, &pairs);
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn render(&mut self, area: Rect, buf: &mut Buffer) {
+        let top_h = area.height.saturating_sub(3);
+        let top = Rect::new(area.x, area.y, area.width, top_h);
+        let bottom = Rect::new(area.x, area.y + top_h, area.width, 3);
+        self.view.render(top, buf);
+        self.render_hints(bottom, buf);
+    }
+}
+
+impl StaticOverlay {
+    pub(crate) fn handle_event(&mut self, tui: &mut tui::Tui, event: TuiEvent) -> Result<()> {
+        match event {
+            TuiEvent::Key(key_event) => match key_event {
+                KeyEvent {
+                    code: KeyCode::Char('q'),
+                    kind: KeyEventKind::Press,
+                    ..
+                }
+                | KeyEvent {
+                    code: KeyCode::Char('c'),
+                    modifiers: crossterm::event::KeyModifiers::CONTROL,
+                    kind: KeyEventKind::Press,
+                    ..
+                } => {
+                    self.is_done = true;
+                    Ok(())
+                }
+                other => self.view.handle_key_event(tui, other),
+            },
+            TuiEvent::Draw => {
+                tui.draw(u16::MAX, |frame| {
+                    self.render(frame.area(), frame.buffer);
+                })?;
+                Ok(())
+            }
+            _ => Ok(()),
+        }
+    }
+    pub(crate) fn is_done(&self) -> bool {
+        self.is_done
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use insta::assert_snapshot;
+    use ratatui::Terminal;
+    use ratatui::backend::TestBackend;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn edit_prev_hint_is_visible() {
+        let mut overlay = TranscriptOverlay::new(vec![Line::from("hello")]);
+
+        // Render into a small buffer and assert the backtrack hint is present
+        let area = Rect::new(0, 0, 40, 10);
+        let mut buf = Buffer::empty(area);
+        overlay.render(area, &mut buf);
+
+        // Flatten buffer to a string and check for the hint text
+        let mut s = String::new();
+        for y in area.y..area.bottom() {
+            for x in area.x..area.right() {
+                s.push(buf[(x, y)].symbol().chars().next().unwrap_or(' '));
+            }
+            s.push('\n');
+        }
+        assert!(
+            s.contains("edit prev"),
+            "expected 'edit prev' hint in overlay footer, got: {s:?}"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn transcript_overlay_snapshot_basic() {
+        // Prepare a transcript overlay with a few lines
+        let mut overlay = TranscriptOverlay::new(vec![
+            Line::from("alpha"),
+            Line::from("beta"),
+            Line::from("gamma"),
+        ]);
+        let mut term = Terminal::new(TestBackend::new(40, 10)).expect("term");
+        term.draw(|f| overlay.render(f.area(), f.buffer_mut()))
+            .expect("draw");
+        assert_snapshot!(term.backend());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn static_overlay_snapshot_basic() {
+        // Prepare a static overlay with a few lines and a title
+        let mut overlay = StaticOverlay::with_title(
+            vec![Line::from("one"), Line::from("two"), Line::from("three")],
+            "S T A T I C".to_string(),
+        );
+        let mut term = Terminal::new(TestBackend::new(40, 10)).expect("term");
+        term.draw(|f| overlay.render(f.area(), f.buffer_mut()))
+            .expect("draw");
+        assert_snapshot!(term.backend());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn pager_wrap_cache_reuses_for_same_width_and_rebuilds_on_change() {
+        let long = "This is a long line that should wrap multiple times to ensure non-empty wrapped output.";
+        let mut pv = PagerView::new(vec![Line::from(long), Line::from(long)], "T".to_string(), 0);
+
+        // Build cache at width 24
+        pv.ensure_wrapped(24);
+        let (w1, _) = pv.cached();
+        assert!(!w1.is_empty(), "expected wrapped output to be non-empty");
+        let ptr1 = w1.as_ptr();
+
+        // Re-run with same width: cache should be reused (pointer stability heuristic)
+        pv.ensure_wrapped(24);
+        let (w2, _) = pv.cached();
+        let ptr2 = w2.as_ptr();
+        assert_eq!(ptr1, ptr2, "cache should not rebuild for unchanged width");
+
+        // Change width: cache should rebuild and likely produce different length
+        // Drop immutable borrow before mutating
+        let prev_len = w2.len();
+        pv.ensure_wrapped(36);
+        let (w3, _) = pv.cached();
+        assert_ne!(
+            prev_len,
+            w3.len(),
+            "wrapped length should change on width change"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn pager_wrap_cache_invalidates_on_append() {
+        let long = "Another long line for wrapping behavior verification.";
+        let mut pv = PagerView::new(vec![Line::from(long)], "T".to_string(), 0);
+        pv.ensure_wrapped(28);
+        let (w1, _) = pv.cached();
+        let len1 = w1.len();
+
+        // Append new lines should cause ensure_wrapped to rebuild due to len change
+        pv.lines.extend([Line::from(long), Line::from(long)]);
+        pv.ensure_wrapped(28);
+        let (w2, _) = pv.cached();
+        assert!(
+            w2.len() >= len1,
+            "wrapped length should grow or stay same after append"
+        );
+    }
+}

codex-rs/tui/src/slash_command.rs

@@ -52,6 +52,24 @@ impl SlashCommand {
     pub fn command(self) -> &'static str {
         self.into()
     }
+
+    /// Whether this command can be run while a task is in progress.
+    pub fn available_during_task(self) -> bool {
+        match self {
+            SlashCommand::New
+            | SlashCommand::Init
+            | SlashCommand::Compact
+            | SlashCommand::Model
+            | SlashCommand::Approvals
+            | SlashCommand::Logout => false,
+            SlashCommand::Diff
+            | SlashCommand::Mention
+            | SlashCommand::Status
+            | SlashCommand::Mcp
+            | SlashCommand::Quit
+            | SlashCommand::TestApproval => true,
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 /// Return all built-in commands in a Vec paired with their command string.

codex-rs/tui/src/snapshots/codex_tui__pager_overlay__tests__static_overlay_snapshot_basic.snap

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+---
+source: tui/src/pager_overlay.rs
+expression: term.backend()
+---
+"/ S T A T I C / / / / / / / / / / / / / "
+"one                                     "
+"two                                     "
+"three                                   "
+"~                                       "
+"~                                       "
+"───────────────────────────────── 100% ─"
+" ↑/↓ scroll   PgUp/PgDn page   Home/End "
+" q quit                                 "
+"                                        "

codex-rs/tui/src/snapshots/codex_tui__pager_overlay__tests__transcript_overlay_snapshot_basic.snap

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+---
+source: tui/src/pager_overlay.rs
+expression: term.backend()
+---
+"/ T R A N S C R I P T / / / / / / / / / "
+"alpha                                   "
+"beta                                    "
+"gamma                                   "
+"~                                       "
+"~                                       "
+"───────────────────────────────── 100% ─"
+" ↑/↓ scroll   PgUp/PgDn page   Home/End "
+" q quit   Esc edit prev                 "
+"                                        "

codex-rs/tui/src/status_indicator_widget.rs

@@ -123,10 +123,10 @@ impl WidgetRef for StatusIndicatorWidget {
             for (i, piece) in wrapped.iter().take(3).enumerate() {
                 let prefix = if i == 0 { " ↳ " } else { "   " };
                 let content = format!("{prefix}{piece}");
-                lines.push(Line::from(content.dim()));
+                lines.push(Line::from(content.dim().italic()));
             }
             if wrapped.len() > 3 {
-                lines.push(Line::from("   …".dim()));
+                lines.push(Line::from("   …".dim().italic()));
             }
         }
         if !self.queued_messages.is_empty() {

codex-rs/tui/src/streaming/controller.rs

@@ -214,3 +214,189 @@ impl StreamController {
         self.finalize(true, sink)
     }
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use codex_core::config::Config;
+    use codex_core::config::ConfigOverrides;
+    use std::cell::RefCell;
+
+    fn test_config() -> Config {
+        let overrides = ConfigOverrides {
+            cwd: std::env::current_dir().ok(),
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
+        match Config::load_with_cli_overrides(vec![], overrides) {
+            Ok(c) => c,
+            Err(e) => panic!("load test config: {e}"),
+        }
+    }
+
+    struct TestSink {
+        pub lines: RefCell<Vec<Vec<Line<'static>>>>,
+    }
+    impl TestSink {
+        fn new() -> Self {
+            Self {
+                lines: RefCell::new(Vec::new()),
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    impl HistorySink for TestSink {
+        fn insert_history(&self, lines: Vec<Line<'static>>) {
+            self.lines.borrow_mut().push(lines);
+        }
+        fn start_commit_animation(&self) {}
+        fn stop_commit_animation(&self) {}
+    }
+
+    fn lines_to_plain_strings(lines: &[ratatui::text::Line<'_>]) -> Vec<String> {
+        lines
+            .iter()
+            .map(|l| {
+                l.spans
+                    .iter()
+                    .map(|s| s.content.clone())
+                    .collect::<Vec<_>>()
+                    .join("")
+            })
+            .collect()
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn controller_loose_vs_tight_with_commit_ticks_matches_full() {
+        let cfg = test_config();
+        let mut ctrl = StreamController::new(cfg.clone());
+        let sink = TestSink::new();
+        ctrl.begin(&sink);
+
+        // Exact deltas from the session log (section: Loose vs. tight list items)
+        let deltas = vec![
+            "\n\n",
+            "Loose",
+            " vs",
+            ".",
+            " tight",
+            " list",
+            " items",
+            ":\n",
+            "1",
+            ".",
+            " Tight",
+            " item",
+            "\n",
+            "2",
+            ".",
+            " Another",
+            " tight",
+            " item",
+            "\n\n",
+            "1",
+            ".",
+            " Loose",
+            " item",
+            " with",
+            " its",
+            " own",
+            " paragraph",
+            ".\n\n",
+            "  ",
+            " This",
+            " paragraph",
+            " belongs",
+            " to",
+            " the",
+            " same",
+            " list",
+            " item",
+            ".\n\n",
+            "2",
+            ".",
+            " Second",
+            " loose",
+            " item",
+            " with",
+            " a",
+            " nested",
+            " list",
+            " after",
+            " a",
+            " blank",
+            " line",
+            ".\n\n",
+            "  ",
+            " -",
+            " Nested",
+            " bullet",
+            " under",
+            " a",
+            " loose",
+            " item",
+            "\n",
+            "  ",
+            " -",
+            " Another",
+            " nested",
+            " bullet",
+            "\n\n",
+        ];
+
+        // Simulate streaming with a commit tick attempt after each delta.
+        for d in &deltas {
+            ctrl.push_and_maybe_commit(d, &sink);
+            let _ = ctrl.on_commit_tick(&sink);
+        }
+        // Finalize and flush remaining lines now.
+        let _ = ctrl.finalize(true, &sink);
+
+        // Flatten sink output and strip the header that the controller inserts (blank + "codex").
+        let mut flat: Vec<ratatui::text::Line<'static>> = Vec::new();
+        for batch in sink.lines.borrow().iter() {
+            for l in batch {
+                flat.push(l.clone());
+            }
+        }
+        // Drop leading blank and header line if present.
+        if !flat.is_empty() && lines_to_plain_strings(&[flat[0].clone()])[0].is_empty() {
+            flat.remove(0);
+        }
+        if !flat.is_empty() {
+            let s0 = lines_to_plain_strings(&[flat[0].clone()])[0].clone();
+            if s0 == "codex" {
+                flat.remove(0);
+            }
+        }
+        let streamed = lines_to_plain_strings(&flat);
+
+        // Full render of the same source
+        let source: String = deltas.iter().copied().collect();
+        let mut rendered: Vec<ratatui::text::Line<'static>> = Vec::new();
+        crate::markdown::append_markdown(&source, &mut rendered, &cfg);
+        let rendered_strs = lines_to_plain_strings(&rendered);
+
+        assert_eq!(streamed, rendered_strs);
+
+        // Also assert exact expected plain strings for clarity.
+        let expected = vec![
+            "Loose vs. tight list items:".to_string(),
+            "".to_string(),
+            "1. ".to_string(),
+            "Tight item".to_string(),
+            "2. ".to_string(),
+            "Another tight item".to_string(),
+            "3. ".to_string(),
+            "Loose item with its own paragraph.".to_string(),
+            "".to_string(),
+            "This paragraph belongs to the same list item.".to_string(),
+            "4. ".to_string(),
+            "Second loose item with a nested list after a blank line.".to_string(),
+            "    - Nested bullet under a loose item".to_string(),
+            "    - Another nested bullet".to_string(),
+        ];
+        assert_eq!(
+            streamed, expected,
+            "expected exact rendered lines for loose/tight section"
+        );
+    }
+}

codex-rs/tui/src/transcript_app.rs

@@ -1,337 +0,0 @@
-use std::io::Result;
-
-use crate::insert_history;
-use crate::tui;
-use crate::tui::TuiEvent;
-use crossterm::event::KeyCode;
-use crossterm::event::KeyEvent;
-use crossterm::event::KeyEventKind;
-use ratatui::buffer::Buffer;
-use ratatui::layout::Rect;
-use ratatui::style::Color;
-use ratatui::style::Style;
-use ratatui::style::Styled;
-use ratatui::style::Stylize;
-use ratatui::text::Line;
-use ratatui::text::Span;
-use ratatui::widgets::Paragraph;
-use ratatui::widgets::WidgetRef;
-
-pub(crate) struct TranscriptApp {
-    pub(crate) transcript_lines: Vec<Line<'static>>,
-    pub(crate) scroll_offset: usize,
-    pub(crate) is_done: bool,
-    title: String,
-    highlight_range: Option<(usize, usize)>,
-}
-
-impl TranscriptApp {
-    pub(crate) fn new(transcript_lines: Vec<Line<'static>>) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            transcript_lines,
-            scroll_offset: usize::MAX,
-            is_done: false,
-            title: "T R A N S C R I P T".to_string(),
-            highlight_range: None,
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub(crate) fn with_title(transcript_lines: Vec<Line<'static>>, title: String) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            transcript_lines,
-            scroll_offset: 0,
-            is_done: false,
-            title,
-            highlight_range: None,
-        }
-    }
-    pub(crate) fn insert_lines(&mut self, lines: Vec<Line<'static>>) {
-        self.transcript_lines.extend(lines);
-    }
-
-    /// Highlight the specified range [start, end) of transcript lines.
-    pub(crate) fn set_highlight_range(&mut self, range: Option<(usize, usize)>) {
-        self.highlight_range = range;
-    }
-
-    pub(crate) fn handle_event(&mut self, tui: &mut tui::Tui, event: TuiEvent) -> Result<()> {
-        match event {
-            TuiEvent::Key(key_event) => self.handle_key_event(tui, key_event),
-            TuiEvent::Draw => {
-                tui.draw(u16::MAX, |frame| {
-                    self.render(frame.area(), frame.buffer);
-                })?;
-            }
-            _ => {}
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    // set_backtrack_mode removed: overlay always shows backtrack guidance now.
-
-    fn render(&mut self, area: Rect, buf: &mut Buffer) {
-        self.render_header(area, buf);
-
-        // Main content area (excludes header and bottom status section)
-        let content_area = self.scroll_area(area);
-        let mut lines = self.transcript_lines.clone();
-        self.apply_highlight_to_lines(&mut lines);
-        let wrapped = insert_history::word_wrap_lines(&lines, content_area.width);
-
-        self.render_content_page(content_area, buf, &wrapped);
-        self.render_bottom_section(area, content_area, buf, &wrapped);
-    }
-
-    // Private helpers
-    fn render_header(&self, area: Rect, buf: &mut Buffer) {
-        Span::from("/ ".repeat(area.width as usize / 2))
-            .dim()
-            .render_ref(area, buf);
-        let header = format!("/ {}", self.title);
-        Span::from(header).dim().render_ref(area, buf);
-    }
-
-    fn apply_highlight_to_lines(&self, lines: &mut [Line<'static>]) {
-        if let Some((start, end)) = self.highlight_range {
-            use ratatui::style::Modifier;
-            let len = lines.len();
-            let start = start.min(len);
-            let end = end.min(len);
-            for (idx, line) in lines.iter_mut().enumerate().take(end).skip(start) {
-                let mut spans = Vec::with_capacity(line.spans.len());
-                for (i, s) in line.spans.iter().enumerate() {
-                    let mut style = s.style;
-                    style.add_modifier |= Modifier::REVERSED;
-                    if idx == start && i == 0 {
-                        style.add_modifier |= Modifier::BOLD;
-                    }
-                    spans.push(Span {
-                        style,
-                        content: s.content.clone(),
-                    });
-                }
-                line.spans = spans;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn render_content_page(&mut self, area: Rect, buf: &mut Buffer, wrapped: &[Line<'static>]) {
-        // Clamp scroll offset to valid range
-        self.scroll_offset = self
-            .scroll_offset
-            .min(wrapped.len().saturating_sub(area.height as usize));
-        let start = self.scroll_offset;
-        let end = (start + area.height as usize).min(wrapped.len());
-        let page = &wrapped[start..end];
-        Paragraph::new(page.to_vec()).render_ref(area, buf);
-
-        // Fill remaining visible lines (if any) with a leading '~' in the first column.
-        let visible = (end - start) as u16;
-        if area.height > visible {
-            let extra = area.height - visible;
-            for i in 0..extra {
-                let y = area.y.saturating_add(visible + i);
-                Span::from("~")
-                    .dim()
-                    .render_ref(Rect::new(area.x, y, 1, 1), buf);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Render the bottom status section (separator, percent scrolled, key hints).
-    fn render_bottom_section(
-        &self,
-        full_area: Rect,
-        content_area: Rect,
-        buf: &mut Buffer,
-        wrapped: &[Line<'static>],
-    ) {
-        let sep_y = content_area.bottom();
-        let sep_rect = Rect::new(full_area.x, sep_y, full_area.width, 1);
-        let hints_rect = Rect::new(full_area.x, sep_y + 1, full_area.width, 2);
-
-        self.render_separator(buf, sep_rect);
-        let percent = self.compute_scroll_percent(wrapped.len(), content_area.height);
-        self.render_scroll_percentage(buf, sep_rect, percent);
-        self.render_hints(buf, hints_rect);
-    }
-
-    /// Draw a dim horizontal separator line across the provided rect.
-    fn render_separator(&self, buf: &mut Buffer, sep_rect: Rect) {
-        Span::from("─".repeat(sep_rect.width as usize))
-            .dim()
-            .render_ref(sep_rect, buf);
-    }
-
-    /// Compute percent scrolled (0–100) based on wrapped length and content height.
-    fn compute_scroll_percent(&self, wrapped_len: usize, content_height: u16) -> u8 {
-        let max_scroll = wrapped_len.saturating_sub(content_height as usize);
-        if max_scroll == 0 {
-            100
-        } else {
-            (((self.scroll_offset.min(max_scroll)) as f32 / max_scroll as f32) * 100.0).round()
-                as u8
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Right-align and render the dim percent scrolled label on the separator line.
-    fn render_scroll_percentage(&self, buf: &mut Buffer, sep_rect: Rect, percent: u8) {
-        let pct_text = format!(" {percent}% ");
-        let pct_w = pct_text.chars().count() as u16;
-        let pct_x = sep_rect.x + sep_rect.width - pct_w - 1;
-        Span::from(pct_text)
-            .dim()
-            .render_ref(Rect::new(pct_x, sep_rect.y, pct_w, 1), buf);
-    }
-
-    /// Render the dimmed key hints (scroll/page/jump and backtrack cue).
-    fn render_hints(&self, buf: &mut Buffer, hints_rect: Rect) {
-        let key_hint_style = Style::default().fg(Color::Cyan);
-        let hints1 = vec![
-            " ".into(),
-            "↑".set_style(key_hint_style),
-            "/".into(),
-            "↓".set_style(key_hint_style),
-            " scroll   ".into(),
-            "PgUp".set_style(key_hint_style),
-            "/".into(),
-            "PgDn".set_style(key_hint_style),
-            " page   ".into(),
-            "Home".set_style(key_hint_style),
-            "/".into(),
-            "End".set_style(key_hint_style),
-            " jump".into(),
-        ];
-        let mut hints2 = vec![" ".into(), "q".set_style(key_hint_style), " quit".into()];
-        hints2.extend([
-            "   ".into(),
-            "Esc".set_style(key_hint_style),
-            " edit prev".into(),
-        ]);
-        self.maybe_append_enter_edit_hint(&mut hints2, key_hint_style);
-        Paragraph::new(vec![Line::from(hints1).dim(), Line::from(hints2).dim()])
-            .render_ref(hints_rect, buf);
-    }
-
-    /// Conditionally append the "⏎ edit message" hint when a valid highlight is active.
-    fn maybe_append_enter_edit_hint(&self, hints: &mut Vec<Span<'static>>, key_hint_style: Style) {
-        if let Some((start, end)) = self.highlight_range
-            && end > start
-        {
-            hints.extend([
-                "   ".into(),
-                "⏎".set_style(key_hint_style),
-                " edit message".into(),
-            ]);
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn handle_key_event(&mut self, tui: &mut tui::Tui, key_event: KeyEvent) {
-        match key_event {
-            // Ctrl+Z is handled at the App level when transcript overlay is active
-            KeyEvent {
-                code: KeyCode::Char('q'),
-                kind: KeyEventKind::Press,
-                ..
-            }
-            | KeyEvent {
-                code: KeyCode::Char('t'),
-                modifiers: crossterm::event::KeyModifiers::CONTROL,
-                kind: KeyEventKind::Press,
-                ..
-            }
-            | KeyEvent {
-                code: KeyCode::Char('c'),
-                modifiers: crossterm::event::KeyModifiers::CONTROL,
-                kind: KeyEventKind::Press,
-                ..
-            } => {
-                self.is_done = true;
-            }
-            KeyEvent {
-                code: KeyCode::Up,
-                kind: KeyEventKind::Press | KeyEventKind::Repeat,
-                ..
-            } => {
-                self.scroll_offset = self.scroll_offset.saturating_sub(1);
-            }
-            KeyEvent {
-                code: KeyCode::Down,
-                kind: KeyEventKind::Press | KeyEventKind::Repeat,
-                ..
-            } => {
-                self.scroll_offset = self.scroll_offset.saturating_add(1);
-            }
-            KeyEvent {
-                code: KeyCode::PageUp,
-                kind: KeyEventKind::Press | KeyEventKind::Repeat,
-                ..
-            } => {
-                let area = self.scroll_area(tui.terminal.viewport_area);
-                self.scroll_offset = self.scroll_offset.saturating_sub(area.height as usize);
-            }
-            KeyEvent {
-                code: KeyCode::PageDown | KeyCode::Char(' '),
-                kind: KeyEventKind::Press | KeyEventKind::Repeat,
-                ..
-            } => {
-                let area = self.scroll_area(tui.terminal.viewport_area);
-                self.scroll_offset = self.scroll_offset.saturating_add(area.height as usize);
-            }
-            KeyEvent {
-                code: KeyCode::Home,
-                kind: KeyEventKind::Press | KeyEventKind::Repeat,
-                ..
-            } => {
-                self.scroll_offset = 0;
-            }
-            KeyEvent {
-                code: KeyCode::End,
-                kind: KeyEventKind::Press | KeyEventKind::Repeat,
-                ..
-            } => {
-                self.scroll_offset = usize::MAX;
-            }
-            _ => {
-                return;
-            }
-        }
-        tui.frame_requester().schedule_frame();
-    }
-
-    fn scroll_area(&self, area: Rect) -> Rect {
-        let mut area = area;
-        // Reserve 1 line for the header and 4 lines for the bottom status section. This matches the chat composer.
-        area.y = area.y.saturating_add(1);
-        area.height = area.height.saturating_sub(5);
-        area
-    }
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use super::*;
-
-    #[test]
-    fn edit_prev_hint_is_visible() {
-        let mut app = TranscriptApp::new(vec![Line::from("hello")]);
-
-        // Render into a small buffer and assert the backtrack hint is present
-        let area = Rect::new(0, 0, 40, 10);
-        let mut buf = Buffer::empty(area);
-        app.render(area, &mut buf);
-
-        // Flatten buffer to a string and check for the hint text
-        let mut s = String::new();
-        for y in area.y..area.bottom() {
-            for x in area.x..area.right() {
-                s.push(buf[(x, y)].symbol().chars().next().unwrap_or(' '));
-            }
-            s.push('\n');
-        }
-        assert!(
-            s.contains("edit prev"),
-            "expected 'edit prev' hint in overlay footer, got: {s:?}"
-        );
-    }
-}

codex-rs/tui/src/tui.rs

@@ -7,10 +7,13 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 use std::sync::atomic::AtomicBool;
 #[cfg(unix)]
 use std::sync::atomic::AtomicU8;
+#[cfg(unix)]
+use std::sync::atomic::AtomicU16;
 use std::sync::atomic::Ordering;
 use std::time::Duration;
 use std::time::Instant;
 
+use crossterm::Command;
 use crossterm::SynchronizedUpdate;
 use crossterm::cursor;
 use crossterm::cursor::MoveTo;
@@ -65,6 +68,48 @@ pub fn set_modes() -> Result<()> {
     Ok(())
 }
 
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+struct EnableAlternateScroll;
+
+impl Command for EnableAlternateScroll {
+    fn write_ansi(&self, f: &mut impl std::fmt::Write) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        write!(f, "\x1b[?1007h")
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(windows)]
+    fn execute_winapi(&self) -> std::io::Result<()> {
+        Err(std::io::Error::other(
+            "tried to execute EnableAlternateScroll using WinAPI; use ANSI instead",
+        ))
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(windows)]
+    fn is_ansi_code_supported(&self) -> bool {
+        true
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+struct DisableAlternateScroll;
+
+impl Command for DisableAlternateScroll {
+    fn write_ansi(&self, f: &mut impl std::fmt::Write) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        write!(f, "\x1b[?1007l")
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(windows)]
+    fn execute_winapi(&self) -> std::io::Result<()> {
+        Err(std::io::Error::other(
+            "tried to execute DisableAlternateScroll using WinAPI; use ANSI instead",
+        ))
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(windows)]
+    fn is_ansi_code_supported(&self) -> bool {
+        true
+    }
+}
+
 /// Restore the terminal to its original state.
 /// Inverse of `set_modes`.
 pub fn restore() -> Result<()> {
@@ -125,6 +170,8 @@ pub struct Tui {
     alt_saved_viewport: Option<ratatui::layout::Rect>,
     #[cfg(unix)]
     resume_pending: Arc<AtomicU8>, // Stores a ResumeAction
+    #[cfg(unix)]
+    suspend_cursor_y: Arc<AtomicU16>, // Bottom line of inline viewport
     // True when overlay alt-screen UI is active
     alt_screen_active: Arc<AtomicBool>,
 }
@@ -231,6 +278,8 @@ impl Tui {
             alt_saved_viewport: None,
             #[cfg(unix)]
             resume_pending: Arc::new(AtomicU8::new(0)),
+            #[cfg(unix)]
+            suspend_cursor_y: Arc::new(AtomicU16::new(0)),
             alt_screen_active: Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false)),
         }
     }
@@ -249,6 +298,8 @@ impl Tui {
         let resume_pending = self.resume_pending.clone();
         #[cfg(unix)]
         let alt_screen_active = self.alt_screen_active.clone();
+        #[cfg(unix)]
+        let suspend_cursor_y = self.suspend_cursor_y.clone();
         let event_stream = async_stream::stream! {
             loop {
                 select! {
@@ -290,11 +341,18 @@ impl Tui {
                                 )
                                 {
                                     if alt_screen_active.load(Ordering::Relaxed) {
+                                        // Disable alternate scroll when suspending from alt-screen
+                                        let _ = execute!(stdout(), DisableAlternateScroll);
                                         let _ = execute!(stdout(), LeaveAlternateScreen);
                                         resume_pending.store(ResumeAction::RestoreAlt as u8, Ordering::Relaxed);
                                     } else {
                                         resume_pending.store(ResumeAction::RealignInline as u8, Ordering::Relaxed);
                                     }
+                                    #[cfg(unix)]
+                                    {
+                                        let y = suspend_cursor_y.load(Ordering::Relaxed);
+                                        let _ = execute!(stdout(), MoveTo(0, y));
+                                    }
                                     let _ = execute!(stdout(), crossterm::cursor::Show);
                                     let _ = Tui::suspend();
                                     yield TuiEvent::Draw;
@@ -351,7 +409,7 @@ impl Tui {
                 )))
             }
             ResumeAction::RestoreAlt => {
-                if let Ok((_x, y)) = crossterm::cursor::position()
+                if let Ok(ratatui::layout::Position { y, .. }) = self.terminal.get_cursor_position()
                     && let Some(saved) = self.alt_saved_viewport.as_mut()
                 {
                     saved.y = y;
@@ -370,6 +428,8 @@ impl Tui {
             }
             PreparedResumeAction::RestoreAltScreen => {
                 execute!(self.terminal.backend_mut(), EnterAlternateScreen)?;
+                // Enable "alternate scroll" so terminals may translate wheel to arrows
+                execute!(self.terminal.backend_mut(), EnableAlternateScroll)?;
                 if let Ok(size) = self.terminal.size() {
                     self.terminal.set_viewport_area(ratatui::layout::Rect::new(
                         0,
@@ -388,6 +448,8 @@ impl Tui {
     /// inline viewport for restoration when leaving.
     pub fn enter_alt_screen(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
         let _ = execute!(self.terminal.backend_mut(), EnterAlternateScreen);
+        // Enable "alternate scroll" so terminals may translate wheel to arrows
+        let _ = execute!(self.terminal.backend_mut(), EnableAlternateScroll);
         if let Ok(size) = self.terminal.size() {
             self.alt_saved_viewport = Some(self.terminal.viewport_area);
             self.terminal.set_viewport_area(ratatui::layout::Rect::new(
@@ -404,6 +466,8 @@ impl Tui {
 
     /// Leave alternate screen and restore the previously saved inline viewport, if any.
     pub fn leave_alt_screen(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
+        // Disable alternate scroll when leaving alt-screen
+        let _ = execute!(self.terminal.backend_mut(), DisableAlternateScroll);
         let _ = execute!(self.terminal.backend_mut(), LeaveAlternateScreen);
         if let Some(saved) = self.alt_saved_viewport.take() {
             self.terminal.set_viewport_area(saved);
@@ -481,6 +545,19 @@ impl Tui {
                 );
                 self.pending_history_lines.clear();
             }
+            // Update the y position for suspending so Ctrl-Z can place the cursor correctly.
+            #[cfg(unix)]
+            {
+                let inline_area_bottom = if self.alt_screen_active.load(Ordering::Relaxed) {
+                    self.alt_saved_viewport
+                        .map(|r| r.bottom().saturating_sub(1))
+                        .unwrap_or_else(|| area.bottom().saturating_sub(1))
+                } else {
+                    area.bottom().saturating_sub(1)
+                };
+                self.suspend_cursor_y
+                    .store(inline_area_bottom, Ordering::Relaxed);
+            }
             terminal.draw(|frame| {
                 draw_fn(frame);
             })?;

codex-rs/tui/src/user_approval_widget.rs

@@ -69,20 +69,9 @@ static COMMAND_SELECT_OPTIONS: LazyLock<Vec<SelectOption>> = LazyLock::new(|| {
             decision: ReviewDecision::ApprovedForSession,
         },
         SelectOption {
-            label: Line::from(vec!["N".underlined(), "o".into()]),
-            description: "Do not run the command",
-            key: KeyCode::Char('n'),
-            decision: ReviewDecision::Denied,
-        },
-        SelectOption {
-            label: Line::from(vec![
-                "No, ".into(),
-                "provide ".into(),
-                "f".underlined(),
-                "eedback".into(),
-            ]),
+            label: Line::from(vec!["N".underlined(), "o, provide feedback".into()]),
             description: "Do not run the command; provide feedback",
-            key: KeyCode::Char('f'),
+            key: KeyCode::Char('n'),
             decision: ReviewDecision::Abort,
         },
     ]
@@ -97,20 +86,9 @@ static PATCH_SELECT_OPTIONS: LazyLock<Vec<SelectOption>> = LazyLock::new(|| {
             decision: ReviewDecision::Approved,
         },
         SelectOption {
-            label: Line::from(vec!["N".underlined(), "o".into()]),
-            description: "Do not apply the changes",
-            key: KeyCode::Char('n'),
-            decision: ReviewDecision::Denied,
-        },
-        SelectOption {
-            label: Line::from(vec![
-                "No, ".into(),
-                "provide ".into(),
-                "f".underlined(),
-                "eedback".into(),
-            ]),
+            label: Line::from(vec!["N".underlined(), "o, provide feedback".into()]),
             description: "Do not apply the changes; provide feedback",
-            key: KeyCode::Char('f'),
+            key: KeyCode::Char('n'),
             decision: ReviewDecision::Abort,
         },
     ]

codex-rs/tui/tests/fixtures/binary-size-log.jsonl

@@ -3698,7 +3698,7 @@
 {"ts":"2025-08-09T15:53:04.318Z","dir":"to_tui","kind":"app_event","variant":"RequestRedraw"}
 {"ts":"2025-08-09T15:53:04.320Z","dir":"to_tui","kind":"app_event","variant":"Redraw"}
 {"ts":"2025-08-09T15:53:04.353Z","dir":"to_tui","kind":"codex_event","payload":{"id":"1","msg":{"type":"exec_command_output_delta","call_id":"call_KOxVodT3X5ci7LJmudvcovhW","stream":"stderr","chunk":[32,32,32,32,70,105,110,105,115,104,101,100,32,96,100,101,118,96,32,112,114,111,102,105,108,101,32,91,117,110,111,112,116,105,109,105,122,101,100,32,43,32,100,101,98,117,103,105,110,102,111,93,32,116,97,114,103,101,116,40,115,41,32,105,110,32,53,56,46,50,49,115,10]}}}
-{"ts":"2025-08-09T15:53:04.389Z","dir":"to_tui","kind":"codex_event","payload":{"id":"1","msg":{"type":"exec_command_end","call_id":"call_KOxVodT3X5ci7LJmudvcovhW","stdout":"","stderr":"sandbox error: command timed out","exit_code":-1,"duration":{"secs":0,"nanos":0}}}}
+{"ts":"2025-08-09T15:53:04.389Z","dir":"to_tui","kind":"codex_event","payload":{"id":"1","msg":{"type":"exec_command_end","call_id":"call_KOxVodT3X5ci7LJmudvcovhW","stdout":"","stderr":"error: command timed out","exit_code":-1,"duration":{"secs":0,"nanos":0}}}}
 {"ts":"2025-08-09T15:53:04.389Z","dir":"to_tui","kind":"codex_event","payload":{"id":"1","msg":{"type":"token_count","input_tokens":14859,"cached_input_tokens":14625,"output_tokens":117,"reasoning_output_tokens":64,"total_tokens":14976}}}
 {"ts":"2025-08-09T15:53:04.389Z","dir":"to_tui","kind":"codex_event","payload":{"id":"1","msg":{"type":"turn_diff","unified_diff":"diff --git a/codex-rs/core/tests/common/lib.rs b/codex-rs/core/tests/common/lib.rs\nindex a0bb4e69e27ae82c5f70d2f4cd079c5cea3ae4f7..18bae310be9cfb81ca73e136be05148ba0510cc5\n--- a/codex-rs/core/tests/common/lib.rs\n+++ b/codex-rs/core/tests/common/lib.rs\n@@ -90,14 +90,11 @@\n where\n     F: FnMut(&codex_core::protocol::EventMsg) -> bool,\n {\n+    use tokio::time::Duration;\n     use tokio::time::timeout;\n     loop {\n-<<<<<<< HEAD\n         // Allow a bit more time to accommodate async startup work (e.g. config IO, tool discovery)\n-        let ev = timeout(Duration::from_secs(5), codex.next_event())\n-=======\n-        let ev = timeout(wait_time, codex.next_event())\n->>>>>>> origin/main\n+        let ev = timeout(wait_time.max(Duration::from_secs(5)), codex.next_event())\n             .await\n             .expect(\"timeout waiting for event\")\n             .expect(\"stream ended unexpectedly\");\n"}}}
 {"ts":"2025-08-09T15:53:04.389Z","dir":"to_tui","kind":"insert_history","lines":3}

docs/advanced.md

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+## Advanced
+
+## Non-interactive / CI mode
+
+Run Codex head-less in pipelines. Example GitHub Action step:
+
+```yaml
+- name: Update changelog via Codex
+  run: |
+    npm install -g @openai/codex
+    export OPENAI_API_KEY="${{ secrets.OPENAI_KEY }}"
+    codex exec --full-auto "update CHANGELOG for next release"
+```
+
+## Tracing / verbose logging
+
+Because Codex is written in Rust, it honors the `RUST_LOG` environment variable to configure its logging behavior.
+
+The TUI defaults to `RUST_LOG=codex_core=info,codex_tui=info` and log messages are written to `~/.codex/log/codex-tui.log`, so you can leave the following running in a separate terminal to monitor log messages as they are written:
+
+```
+tail -F ~/.codex/log/codex-tui.log
+```
+
+By comparison, the non-interactive mode (`codex exec`) defaults to `RUST_LOG=error`, but messages are printed inline, so there is no need to monitor a separate file.
+
+See the Rust documentation on [`RUST_LOG`](https://docs.rs/env_logger/latest/env_logger/#enabling-logging) for more information on the configuration options.
+
+## Model Context Protocol (MCP)
+
+The Codex CLI can be configured to leverage MCP servers by defining an [`mcp_servers`](./config.md#mcp_servers) section in `~/.codex/config.toml`. It is intended to mirror how tools such as Claude and Cursor define `mcpServers` in their respective JSON config files, though the Codex format is slightly different since it uses TOML rather than JSON, e.g.:
+
+```toml
+# IMPORTANT: the top-level key is `mcp_servers` rather than `mcpServers`.
+[mcp_servers.server-name]
+command = "npx"
+args = ["-y", "mcp-server"]
+env = { "API_KEY" = "value" }
+```
+
+> [!TIP]
+> It is somewhat experimental, but the Codex CLI can also be run as an MCP _server_ via `codex mcp`. If you launch it with an MCP client such as `npx @modelcontextprotocol/inspector codex mcp` and send it a `tools/list` request, you will see that there is only one tool, `codex`, that accepts a grab-bag of inputs, including a catch-all `config` map for anything you might want to override. Feel free to play around with it and provide feedback via GitHub issues.