compact

We were assembling the skill roots in two different places, and the
admin root was missing in one of them. This change centralizes root
selection into a helper so both paths stay in sync.

.codespellignore

@@ -1,2 +1,3 @@
 iTerm
+iTerm2
 psuedo

.codespellrc

@@ -3,4 +3,4 @@
 skip = .git*,vendor,*-lock.yaml,*.lock,.codespellrc,*test.ts,*.jsonl,frame*.txt
 check-hidden = true
 ignore-regex = ^\s*"image/\S+": ".*|\b(afterAll)\b
-ignore-words-list = ratatui,ser
+ignore-words-list = ratatui,ser,iTerm,iterm2,iterm

.github/actions/macos-code-sign/action.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,246 @@
+name: macos-code-sign
+description: Configure, sign, notarize, and clean up macOS code signing artifacts.
+inputs:
+  target:
+    description: Rust compilation target triple (e.g. aarch64-apple-darwin).
+    required: true
+  sign-binaries:
+    description: Whether to sign and notarize the macOS binaries.
+    required: false
+    default: "true"
+  sign-dmg:
+    description: Whether to sign and notarize the macOS dmg.
+    required: false
+    default: "true"
+  apple-certificate:
+    description: Base64-encoded Apple signing certificate (P12).
+    required: true
+  apple-certificate-password:
+    description: Password for the signing certificate.
+    required: true
+  apple-notarization-key-p8:
+    description: Base64-encoded Apple notarization key (P8).
+    required: true
+  apple-notarization-key-id:
+    description: Apple notarization key ID.
+    required: true
+  apple-notarization-issuer-id:
+    description: Apple notarization issuer ID.
+    required: true
+runs:
+  using: composite
+  steps:
+    - name: Configure Apple code signing
+      shell: bash
+      env:
+        KEYCHAIN_PASSWORD: actions
+        APPLE_CERTIFICATE: ${{ inputs.apple-certificate }}
+        APPLE_CERTIFICATE_PASSWORD: ${{ inputs.apple-certificate-password }}
+      run: |
+        set -euo pipefail
+
+        if [[ -z "${APPLE_CERTIFICATE:-}" ]]; then
+          echo "APPLE_CERTIFICATE is required for macOS signing"
+          exit 1
+        fi
+
+        if [[ -z "${APPLE_CERTIFICATE_PASSWORD:-}" ]]; then
+          echo "APPLE_CERTIFICATE_PASSWORD is required for macOS signing"
+          exit 1
+        fi
+
+        cert_path="${RUNNER_TEMP}/apple_signing_certificate.p12"
+        echo "$APPLE_CERTIFICATE" | base64 -d > "$cert_path"
+
+        keychain_path="${RUNNER_TEMP}/codex-signing.keychain-db"
+        security create-keychain -p "$KEYCHAIN_PASSWORD" "$keychain_path"
+        security set-keychain-settings -lut 21600 "$keychain_path"
+        security unlock-keychain -p "$KEYCHAIN_PASSWORD" "$keychain_path"
+
+        keychain_args=()
+        cleanup_keychain() {
+          if ((${#keychain_args[@]} > 0)); then
+            security list-keychains -s "${keychain_args[@]}" || true
+            security default-keychain -s "${keychain_args[0]}" || true
+          else
+            security list-keychains -s || true
+          fi
+          if [[ -f "$keychain_path" ]]; then
+            security delete-keychain "$keychain_path" || true
+          fi
+        }
+
+        while IFS= read -r keychain; do
+          [[ -n "$keychain" ]] && keychain_args+=("$keychain")
+        done < <(security list-keychains | sed 's/^[[:space:]]*//;s/[[:space:]]*$//;s/"//g')
+
+        if ((${#keychain_args[@]} > 0)); then
+          security list-keychains -s "$keychain_path" "${keychain_args[@]}"
+        else
+          security list-keychains -s "$keychain_path"
+        fi
+
+        security default-keychain -s "$keychain_path"
+        security import "$cert_path" -k "$keychain_path" -P "$APPLE_CERTIFICATE_PASSWORD" -T /usr/bin/codesign -T /usr/bin/security
+        security set-key-partition-list -S apple-tool:,apple: -s -k "$KEYCHAIN_PASSWORD" "$keychain_path" > /dev/null
+
+        codesign_hashes=()
+        while IFS= read -r hash; do
+          [[ -n "$hash" ]] && codesign_hashes+=("$hash")
+        done < <(security find-identity -v -p codesigning "$keychain_path" \
+          | sed -n 's/.*\([0-9A-F]\{40\}\).*/\1/p' \
+          | sort -u)
+
+        if ((${#codesign_hashes[@]} == 0)); then
+          echo "No signing identities found in $keychain_path"
+          cleanup_keychain
+          rm -f "$cert_path"
+          exit 1
+        fi
+
+        if ((${#codesign_hashes[@]} > 1)); then
+          echo "Multiple signing identities found in $keychain_path:"
+          printf '  %s\n' "${codesign_hashes[@]}"
+          cleanup_keychain
+          rm -f "$cert_path"
+          exit 1
+        fi
+
+        APPLE_CODESIGN_IDENTITY="${codesign_hashes[0]}"
+
+        rm -f "$cert_path"
+
+        echo "APPLE_CODESIGN_IDENTITY=$APPLE_CODESIGN_IDENTITY" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+        echo "APPLE_CODESIGN_KEYCHAIN=$keychain_path" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+        echo "::add-mask::$APPLE_CODESIGN_IDENTITY"
+
+    - name: Sign macOS binaries
+      if: ${{ inputs.sign-binaries == 'true' }}
+      shell: bash
+      run: |
+        set -euo pipefail
+
+        if [[ -z "${APPLE_CODESIGN_IDENTITY:-}" ]]; then
+          echo "APPLE_CODESIGN_IDENTITY is required for macOS signing"
+          exit 1
+        fi
+
+        keychain_args=()
+        if [[ -n "${APPLE_CODESIGN_KEYCHAIN:-}" && -f "${APPLE_CODESIGN_KEYCHAIN}" ]]; then
+          keychain_args+=(--keychain "${APPLE_CODESIGN_KEYCHAIN}")
+        fi
+
+        for binary in codex codex-responses-api-proxy; do
+          path="codex-rs/target/${{ inputs.target }}/release/${binary}"
+          codesign --force --options runtime --timestamp --sign "$APPLE_CODESIGN_IDENTITY" "${keychain_args[@]}" "$path"
+        done
+
+    - name: Notarize macOS binaries
+      if: ${{ inputs.sign-binaries == 'true' }}
+      shell: bash
+      env:
+        APPLE_NOTARIZATION_KEY_P8: ${{ inputs.apple-notarization-key-p8 }}
+        APPLE_NOTARIZATION_KEY_ID: ${{ inputs.apple-notarization-key-id }}
+        APPLE_NOTARIZATION_ISSUER_ID: ${{ inputs.apple-notarization-issuer-id }}
+      run: |
+        set -euo pipefail
+
+        for var in APPLE_NOTARIZATION_KEY_P8 APPLE_NOTARIZATION_KEY_ID APPLE_NOTARIZATION_ISSUER_ID; do
+          if [[ -z "${!var:-}" ]]; then
+            echo "$var is required for notarization"
+            exit 1
+          fi
+        done
+
+        notary_key_path="${RUNNER_TEMP}/notarytool.key.p8"
+        echo "$APPLE_NOTARIZATION_KEY_P8" | base64 -d > "$notary_key_path"
+        cleanup_notary() {
+          rm -f "$notary_key_path"
+        }
+        trap cleanup_notary EXIT
+
+        source "$GITHUB_ACTION_PATH/notary_helpers.sh"
+
+        notarize_binary() {
+          local binary="$1"
+          local source_path="codex-rs/target/${{ inputs.target }}/release/${binary}"
+          local archive_path="${RUNNER_TEMP}/${binary}.zip"
+
+          if [[ ! -f "$source_path" ]]; then
+            echo "Binary $source_path not found"
+            exit 1
+          fi
+
+          rm -f "$archive_path"
+          ditto -c -k --keepParent "$source_path" "$archive_path"
+
+          notarize_submission "$binary" "$archive_path" "$notary_key_path"
+        }
+
+        notarize_binary "codex"
+        notarize_binary "codex-responses-api-proxy"
+
+    - name: Sign and notarize macOS dmg
+      if: ${{ inputs.sign-dmg == 'true' }}
+      shell: bash
+      env:
+        APPLE_NOTARIZATION_KEY_P8: ${{ inputs.apple-notarization-key-p8 }}
+        APPLE_NOTARIZATION_KEY_ID: ${{ inputs.apple-notarization-key-id }}
+        APPLE_NOTARIZATION_ISSUER_ID: ${{ inputs.apple-notarization-issuer-id }}
+      run: |
+        set -euo pipefail
+
+        for var in APPLE_CODESIGN_IDENTITY APPLE_NOTARIZATION_KEY_P8 APPLE_NOTARIZATION_KEY_ID APPLE_NOTARIZATION_ISSUER_ID; do
+          if [[ -z "${!var:-}" ]]; then
+            echo "$var is required"
+            exit 1
+          fi
+        done
+
+        notary_key_path="${RUNNER_TEMP}/notarytool.key.p8"
+        echo "$APPLE_NOTARIZATION_KEY_P8" | base64 -d > "$notary_key_path"
+        cleanup_notary() {
+          rm -f "$notary_key_path"
+        }
+        trap cleanup_notary EXIT
+
+        source "$GITHUB_ACTION_PATH/notary_helpers.sh"
+
+        dmg_path="codex-rs/target/${{ inputs.target }}/release/codex-${{ inputs.target }}.dmg"
+
+        if [[ ! -f "$dmg_path" ]]; then
+          echo "dmg $dmg_path not found"
+          exit 1
+        fi
+
+        keychain_args=()
+        if [[ -n "${APPLE_CODESIGN_KEYCHAIN:-}" && -f "${APPLE_CODESIGN_KEYCHAIN}" ]]; then
+          keychain_args+=(--keychain "${APPLE_CODESIGN_KEYCHAIN}")
+        fi
+
+        codesign --force --timestamp --sign "$APPLE_CODESIGN_IDENTITY" "${keychain_args[@]}" "$dmg_path"
+        notarize_submission "codex-${{ inputs.target }}.dmg" "$dmg_path" "$notary_key_path"
+        xcrun stapler staple "$dmg_path"
+
+    - name: Remove signing keychain
+      if: ${{ always() }}
+      shell: bash
+      env:
+        APPLE_CODESIGN_KEYCHAIN: ${{ env.APPLE_CODESIGN_KEYCHAIN }}
+      run: |
+        set -euo pipefail
+        if [[ -n "${APPLE_CODESIGN_KEYCHAIN:-}" ]]; then
+          keychain_args=()
+          while IFS= read -r keychain; do
+            [[ "$keychain" == "$APPLE_CODESIGN_KEYCHAIN" ]] && continue
+            [[ -n "$keychain" ]] && keychain_args+=("$keychain")
+          done < <(security list-keychains | sed 's/^[[:space:]]*//;s/[[:space:]]*$//;s/"//g')
+          if ((${#keychain_args[@]} > 0)); then
+            security list-keychains -s "${keychain_args[@]}"
+            security default-keychain -s "${keychain_args[0]}"
+          fi
+
+          if [[ -f "$APPLE_CODESIGN_KEYCHAIN" ]]; then
+            security delete-keychain "$APPLE_CODESIGN_KEYCHAIN"
+          fi
+        fi

.github/actions/macos-code-sign/notary_helpers.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+notarize_submission() {
+  local label="$1"
+  local path="$2"
+  local notary_key_path="$3"
+
+  if [[ -z "${APPLE_NOTARIZATION_KEY_ID:-}" || -z "${APPLE_NOTARIZATION_ISSUER_ID:-}" ]]; then
+    echo "APPLE_NOTARIZATION_KEY_ID and APPLE_NOTARIZATION_ISSUER_ID are required for notarization"
+    exit 1
+  fi
+
+  if [[ -z "$notary_key_path" || ! -f "$notary_key_path" ]]; then
+    echo "Notary key file $notary_key_path not found"
+    exit 1
+  fi
+
+  if [[ ! -f "$path" ]]; then
+    echo "Notarization payload $path not found"
+    exit 1
+  fi
+
+  local submission_json
+  submission_json=$(xcrun notarytool submit "$path" \
+    --key "$notary_key_path" \
+    --key-id "$APPLE_NOTARIZATION_KEY_ID" \
+    --issuer "$APPLE_NOTARIZATION_ISSUER_ID" \
+    --output-format json \
+    --wait)
+
+  local status submission_id
+  status=$(printf '%s\n' "$submission_json" | jq -r '.status // "Unknown"')
+  submission_id=$(printf '%s\n' "$submission_json" | jq -r '.id // ""')
+
+  if [[ -z "$submission_id" ]]; then
+    echo "Failed to retrieve submission ID for $label"
+    exit 1
+  fi
+
+  echo "::notice title=Notarization::$label submission ${submission_id} completed with status ${status}"
+
+  if [[ "$status" != "Accepted" ]]; then
+    echo "Notarization failed for ${label} (submission ${submission_id}, status ${status})"
+    exit 1
+  fi
+}

.github/dotslash-config.json

@@ -55,6 +55,30 @@
           "path": "codex-responses-api-proxy.exe"
         }
       }
+    },
+    "codex-command-runner": {
+      "platforms": {
+        "windows-x86_64": {
+          "regex": "^codex-command-runner-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc\\.exe\\.zst$",
+          "path": "codex-command-runner.exe"
+        },
+        "windows-aarch64": {
+          "regex": "^codex-command-runner-aarch64-pc-windows-msvc\\.exe\\.zst$",
+          "path": "codex-command-runner.exe"
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "codex-windows-sandbox-setup": {
+      "platforms": {
+        "windows-x86_64": {
+          "regex": "^codex-windows-sandbox-setup-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc\\.exe\\.zst$",
+          "path": "codex-windows-sandbox-setup.exe"
+        },
+        "windows-aarch64": {
+          "regex": "^codex-windows-sandbox-setup-aarch64-pc-windows-msvc\\.exe\\.zst$",
+          "path": "codex-windows-sandbox-setup.exe"
+        }
+      }
     }
   }
 }

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ jobs:
           run_install: false
 
       - name: Setup Node.js
-        uses: actions/setup-node@v5
+        uses: actions/setup-node@v6
         with:
           node-version: 22
 
@@ -36,7 +36,8 @@ jobs:
           GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
         run: |
           set -euo pipefail
-          CODEX_VERSION=0.40.0
+          # Use a rust-release version that includes all native binaries.
+          CODEX_VERSION=0.74.0
           OUTPUT_DIR="${RUNNER_TEMP}"
           python3 ./scripts/stage_npm_packages.py \
             --release-version "$CODEX_VERSION" \

.github/workflows/rust-ci.yml

@@ -28,9 +28,11 @@ jobs:
 
           if [[ "${{ github.event_name }}" == "pull_request" ]]; then
             BASE_SHA='${{ github.event.pull_request.base.sha }}'
+            HEAD_SHA='${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha }}'
             echo "Base SHA: $BASE_SHA"
-            # List files changed between base and current HEAD (merge-base aware)
-            mapfile -t files < <(git diff --name-only --no-renames "$BASE_SHA"...HEAD)
+            echo "Head SHA: $HEAD_SHA"
+            # List files changed between base and PR head
+            mapfile -t files < <(git diff --name-only --no-renames "$BASE_SHA" "$HEAD_SHA")
           else
             # On push / manual runs, default to running everything
             files=("codex-rs/force" ".github/force")

.github/workflows/rust-release-prepare.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+name: rust-release-prepare
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+  schedule:
+    - cron: "0 */4 * * *"
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}
+  cancel-in-progress: false
+
+permissions:
+  contents: write
+  pull-requests: write
+
+jobs:
+  prepare:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          ref: main
+          fetch-depth: 0
+
+      - name: Update models.json
+        env:
+          OPENAI_API_KEY: ${{ secrets.CODEX_OPENAI_API_KEY }}
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+
+          client_version="99.99.99"
+          terminal_info="github-actions"
+          user_agent="codex_cli_rs/99.99.99 (Linux $(uname -r); $(uname -m)) ${terminal_info}"
+          base_url="${OPENAI_BASE_URL:-https://chatgpt.com/backend-api/codex}"
+
+          headers=(
+            -H "Authorization: Bearer ${OPENAI_API_KEY}"
+            -H "User-Agent: ${user_agent}"
+          )
+
+          url="${base_url%/}/models?client_version=${client_version}"
+          curl --http1.1 --fail --show-error --location "${headers[@]}" "${url}" | jq '.' > codex-rs/core/models.json
+
+      - name: Open pull request (if changed)
+        uses: peter-evans/create-pull-request@v7
+        with:
+          commit-message: "Update models.json"
+          title: "Update models.json"
+          body: "Automated update of models.json."
+          branch: "bot/update-models-json"
+          reviewers: "pakrym-oai,aibrahim-oai"
+          delete-branch: true

.github/workflows/rust-release.yml

@@ -128,174 +128,77 @@ jobs:
           account-name: ${{ secrets.AZURE_TRUSTED_SIGNING_ACCOUNT_NAME }}
           certificate-profile-name: ${{ secrets.AZURE_TRUSTED_SIGNING_CERTIFICATE_PROFILE_NAME }}
 
-      - if: ${{ matrix.runner == 'macos-15-xlarge' }}
-        name: Configure Apple code signing
-        shell: bash
-        env:
-          KEYCHAIN_PASSWORD: actions
-          APPLE_CERTIFICATE: ${{ secrets.APPLE_CERTIFICATE_P12 }}
-          APPLE_CERTIFICATE_PASSWORD: ${{ secrets.APPLE_CERTIFICATE_PASSWORD }}
-        run: |
-          set -euo pipefail
+      - if: ${{ runner.os == 'macOS' }}
+        name: MacOS code signing (binaries)
+        uses: ./.github/actions/macos-code-sign
+        with:
+          target: ${{ matrix.target }}
+          sign-binaries: "true"
+          sign-dmg: "false"
+          apple-certificate: ${{ secrets.APPLE_CERTIFICATE_P12 }}
+          apple-certificate-password: ${{ secrets.APPLE_CERTIFICATE_PASSWORD }}
+          apple-notarization-key-p8: ${{ secrets.APPLE_NOTARIZATION_KEY_P8 }}
+          apple-notarization-key-id: ${{ secrets.APPLE_NOTARIZATION_KEY_ID }}
+          apple-notarization-issuer-id: ${{ secrets.APPLE_NOTARIZATION_ISSUER_ID }}
 
-          if [[ -z "${APPLE_CERTIFICATE:-}" ]]; then
-            echo "APPLE_CERTIFICATE is required for macOS signing"
-            exit 1
-          fi
-
-          if [[ -z "${APPLE_CERTIFICATE_PASSWORD:-}" ]]; then
-            echo "APPLE_CERTIFICATE_PASSWORD is required for macOS signing"
-            exit 1
-          fi
-
-          cert_path="${RUNNER_TEMP}/apple_signing_certificate.p12"
-          echo "$APPLE_CERTIFICATE" | base64 -d > "$cert_path"
-
-          keychain_path="${RUNNER_TEMP}/codex-signing.keychain-db"
-          security create-keychain -p "$KEYCHAIN_PASSWORD" "$keychain_path"
-          security set-keychain-settings -lut 21600 "$keychain_path"
-          security unlock-keychain -p "$KEYCHAIN_PASSWORD" "$keychain_path"
-
-          keychain_args=()
-          cleanup_keychain() {
-            if ((${#keychain_args[@]} > 0)); then
-              security list-keychains -s "${keychain_args[@]}" || true
-              security default-keychain -s "${keychain_args[0]}" || true
-            else
-              security list-keychains -s || true
-            fi
-            if [[ -f "$keychain_path" ]]; then
-              security delete-keychain "$keychain_path" || true
-            fi
-          }
-
-          while IFS= read -r keychain; do
-            [[ -n "$keychain" ]] && keychain_args+=("$keychain")
-          done < <(security list-keychains | sed 's/^[[:space:]]*//;s/[[:space:]]*$//;s/"//g')
-
-          if ((${#keychain_args[@]} > 0)); then
-            security list-keychains -s "$keychain_path" "${keychain_args[@]}"
-          else
-            security list-keychains -s "$keychain_path"
-          fi
-
-          security default-keychain -s "$keychain_path"
-          security import "$cert_path" -k "$keychain_path" -P "$APPLE_CERTIFICATE_PASSWORD" -T /usr/bin/codesign -T /usr/bin/security
-          security set-key-partition-list -S apple-tool:,apple: -s -k "$KEYCHAIN_PASSWORD" "$keychain_path" > /dev/null
-
-          codesign_hashes=()
-          while IFS= read -r hash; do
-            [[ -n "$hash" ]] && codesign_hashes+=("$hash")
-          done < <(security find-identity -v -p codesigning "$keychain_path" \
-            | sed -n 's/.*\([0-9A-F]\{40\}\).*/\1/p' \
-            | sort -u)
-
-          if ((${#codesign_hashes[@]} == 0)); then
-            echo "No signing identities found in $keychain_path"
-            cleanup_keychain
-            rm -f "$cert_path"
-            exit 1
-          fi
-
-          if ((${#codesign_hashes[@]} > 1)); then
-            echo "Multiple signing identities found in $keychain_path:"
-            printf '  %s\n' "${codesign_hashes[@]}"
-            cleanup_keychain
-            rm -f "$cert_path"
-            exit 1
-          fi
-
-          APPLE_CODESIGN_IDENTITY="${codesign_hashes[0]}"
-
-          rm -f "$cert_path"
-
-          echo "APPLE_CODESIGN_IDENTITY=$APPLE_CODESIGN_IDENTITY" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
-          echo "APPLE_CODESIGN_KEYCHAIN=$keychain_path" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
-          echo "::add-mask::$APPLE_CODESIGN_IDENTITY"
-
-      - if: ${{ matrix.runner == 'macos-15-xlarge' }}
-        name: Sign macOS binaries
+      - if: ${{ runner.os == 'macOS' }}
+        name: Build macOS dmg
         shell: bash
         run: |
           set -euo pipefail
 
-          if [[ -z "${APPLE_CODESIGN_IDENTITY:-}" ]]; then
-            echo "APPLE_CODESIGN_IDENTITY is required for macOS signing"
+          target="${{ matrix.target }}"
+          release_dir="target/${target}/release"
+          dmg_root="${RUNNER_TEMP}/codex-dmg-root"
+          volname="Codex (${target})"
+          dmg_path="${release_dir}/codex-${target}.dmg"
+
+          # The previous "MacOS code signing (binaries)" step signs + notarizes the
+          # built artifacts in `${release_dir}`. This step packages *those same*
+          # signed binaries into a dmg.
+          codex_binary_path="${release_dir}/codex"
+          proxy_binary_path="${release_dir}/codex-responses-api-proxy"
+
+          rm -rf "$dmg_root"
+          mkdir -p "$dmg_root"
+
+          if [[ ! -f "$codex_binary_path" ]]; then
+            echo "Binary $codex_binary_path not found"
+            exit 1
+          fi
+          if [[ ! -f "$proxy_binary_path" ]]; then
+            echo "Binary $proxy_binary_path not found"
             exit 1
           fi
 
-          keychain_args=()
-          if [[ -n "${APPLE_CODESIGN_KEYCHAIN:-}" && -f "${APPLE_CODESIGN_KEYCHAIN}" ]]; then
-            keychain_args+=(--keychain "${APPLE_CODESIGN_KEYCHAIN}")
+          ditto "$codex_binary_path" "${dmg_root}/codex"
+          ditto "$proxy_binary_path" "${dmg_root}/codex-responses-api-proxy"
+
+          rm -f "$dmg_path"
+          hdiutil create \
+            -volname "$volname" \
+            -srcfolder "$dmg_root" \
+            -format UDZO \
+            -ov \
+            "$dmg_path"
+
+          if [[ ! -f "$dmg_path" ]]; then
+            echo "dmg $dmg_path not found after build"
+            exit 1
           fi
 
-          for binary in codex codex-responses-api-proxy; do
-            path="target/${{ matrix.target }}/release/${binary}"
-            codesign --force --options runtime --timestamp --sign "$APPLE_CODESIGN_IDENTITY" "${keychain_args[@]}" "$path"
-          done
-
-      - if: ${{ matrix.runner == 'macos-15-xlarge' }}
-        name: Notarize macOS binaries
-        shell: bash
-        env:
-          APPLE_NOTARIZATION_KEY_P8: ${{ secrets.APPLE_NOTARIZATION_KEY_P8 }}
-          APPLE_NOTARIZATION_KEY_ID: ${{ secrets.APPLE_NOTARIZATION_KEY_ID }}
-          APPLE_NOTARIZATION_ISSUER_ID: ${{ secrets.APPLE_NOTARIZATION_ISSUER_ID }}
-        run: |
-          set -euo pipefail
-
-          for var in APPLE_NOTARIZATION_KEY_P8 APPLE_NOTARIZATION_KEY_ID APPLE_NOTARIZATION_ISSUER_ID; do
-            if [[ -z "${!var:-}" ]]; then
-              echo "$var is required for notarization"
-              exit 1
-            fi
-          done
-
-          notary_key_path="${RUNNER_TEMP}/notarytool.key.p8"
-          echo "$APPLE_NOTARIZATION_KEY_P8" | base64 -d > "$notary_key_path"
-          cleanup_notary() {
-            rm -f "$notary_key_path"
-          }
-          trap cleanup_notary EXIT
-
-          notarize_binary() {
-            local binary="$1"
-            local source_path="target/${{ matrix.target }}/release/${binary}"
-            local archive_path="${RUNNER_TEMP}/${binary}.zip"
-
-            if [[ ! -f "$source_path" ]]; then
-              echo "Binary $source_path not found"
-              exit 1
-            fi
-
-            rm -f "$archive_path"
-            ditto -c -k --keepParent "$source_path" "$archive_path"
-
-            submission_json=$(xcrun notarytool submit "$archive_path" \
-              --key "$notary_key_path" \
-              --key-id "$APPLE_NOTARIZATION_KEY_ID" \
-              --issuer "$APPLE_NOTARIZATION_ISSUER_ID" \
-              --output-format json \
-              --wait)
-
-            status=$(printf '%s\n' "$submission_json" | jq -r '.status // "Unknown"')
-            submission_id=$(printf '%s\n' "$submission_json" | jq -r '.id // ""')
-
-            if [[ -z "$submission_id" ]]; then
-              echo "Failed to retrieve submission ID for $binary"
-              exit 1
-            fi
-
-            echo "::notice title=Notarization::$binary submission ${submission_id} completed with status ${status}"
-
-            if [[ "$status" != "Accepted" ]]; then
-              echo "Notarization failed for ${binary} (submission ${submission_id}, status ${status})"
-              exit 1
-            fi
-          }
-
-          notarize_binary "codex"
-          notarize_binary "codex-responses-api-proxy"
+      - if: ${{ runner.os == 'macOS' }}
+        name: MacOS code signing (dmg)
+        uses: ./.github/actions/macos-code-sign
+        with:
+          target: ${{ matrix.target }}
+          sign-binaries: "false"
+          sign-dmg: "true"
+          apple-certificate: ${{ secrets.APPLE_CERTIFICATE_P12 }}
+          apple-certificate-password: ${{ secrets.APPLE_CERTIFICATE_PASSWORD }}
+          apple-notarization-key-p8: ${{ secrets.APPLE_NOTARIZATION_KEY_P8 }}
+          apple-notarization-key-id: ${{ secrets.APPLE_NOTARIZATION_KEY_ID }}
+          apple-notarization-issuer-id: ${{ secrets.APPLE_NOTARIZATION_ISSUER_ID }}
 
       - name: Stage artifacts
         shell: bash
@@ -318,6 +221,10 @@ jobs:
             cp target/${{ matrix.target }}/release/codex-responses-api-proxy.sigstore "$dest/codex-responses-api-proxy-${{ matrix.target }}.sigstore"
           fi
 
+          if [[ "${{ matrix.target }}" == *apple-darwin ]]; then
+            cp target/${{ matrix.target }}/release/codex-${{ matrix.target }}.dmg "$dest/codex-${{ matrix.target }}.dmg"
+          fi
+
       - if: ${{ matrix.runner == 'windows-11-arm' }}
         name: Install zstd
         shell: powershell
@@ -352,7 +259,7 @@ jobs:
             base="$(basename "$f")"
             # Skip files that are already archives (shouldn't happen, but be
             # safe).
-            if [[ "$base" == *.tar.gz || "$base" == *.zip ]]; then
+            if [[ "$base" == *.tar.gz || "$base" == *.zip || "$base" == *.dmg ]]; then
               continue
             fi
 
@@ -380,29 +287,6 @@ jobs:
             zstd "${zstd_args[@]}" "$dest/$base"
           done
 
-      - name: Remove signing keychain
-        if: ${{ always() && matrix.runner == 'macos-15-xlarge' }}
-        shell: bash
-        env:
-          APPLE_CODESIGN_KEYCHAIN: ${{ env.APPLE_CODESIGN_KEYCHAIN }}
-        run: |
-          set -euo pipefail
-          if [[ -n "${APPLE_CODESIGN_KEYCHAIN:-}" ]]; then
-            keychain_args=()
-            while IFS= read -r keychain; do
-              [[ "$keychain" == "$APPLE_CODESIGN_KEYCHAIN" ]] && continue
-              [[ -n "$keychain" ]] && keychain_args+=("$keychain")
-            done < <(security list-keychains | sed 's/^[[:space:]]*//;s/[[:space:]]*$//;s/"//g')
-            if ((${#keychain_args[@]} > 0)); then
-              security list-keychains -s "${keychain_args[@]}"
-              security default-keychain -s "${keychain_args[0]}"
-            fi
-
-            if [[ -f "$APPLE_CODESIGN_KEYCHAIN" ]]; then
-              security delete-keychain "$APPLE_CODESIGN_KEYCHAIN"
-            fi
-          fi
-
       - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
         with:
           name: ${{ matrix.target }}
@@ -487,7 +371,7 @@ jobs:
           run_install: false
 
       - name: Setup Node.js for npm packaging
-        uses: actions/setup-node@v5
+        uses: actions/setup-node@v6
         with:
           node-version: 22
 
@@ -538,7 +422,7 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
       - name: Setup Node.js
-        uses: actions/setup-node@v5
+        uses: actions/setup-node@v6
         with:
           node-version: 22
           registry-url: "https://registry.npmjs.org"

.github/workflows/sdk.yml

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ jobs:
           run_install: false
 
       - name: Setup Node.js
-        uses: actions/setup-node@v5
+        uses: actions/setup-node@v6
         with:
           node-version: 22
           cache: pnpm

.github/workflows/shell-tool-mcp-ci.yml

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ jobs:
           run_install: false
 
       - name: Setup Node.js
-        uses: actions/setup-node@v5
+        uses: actions/setup-node@v6
         with:
           node-version: ${{ env.NODE_VERSION }}
           cache: "pnpm"

.github/workflows/shell-tool-mcp.yml

@@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ jobs:
           run_install: false
 
       - name: Setup Node.js
-        uses: actions/setup-node@v5
+        uses: actions/setup-node@v6
         with:
           node-version: ${{ env.NODE_VERSION }}
 
@@ -376,7 +376,7 @@ jobs:
           run_install: false
 
       - name: Setup Node.js
-        uses: actions/setup-node@v5
+        uses: actions/setup-node@v6
         with:
           node-version: ${{ env.NODE_VERSION }}
           registry-url: https://registry.npmjs.org

.gitignore

@@ -85,3 +85,8 @@ CHANGELOG.ignore.md
 # nix related
 .direnv
 .envrc
+
+# Python bytecode files
+__pycache__/
+*.pyc
+

AGENTS.md

@@ -75,6 +75,7 @@ If you don’t have the tool:
 
 - Tests should use pretty_assertions::assert_eq for clearer diffs. Import this at the top of the test module if it isn't already.
 - Prefer deep equals comparisons whenever possible. Perform `assert_eq!()` on entire objects, rather than individual fields.
+- Avoid mutating process environment in tests; prefer passing environment-derived flags or dependencies from above.
 
 ### Integration tests (core)
 

codex-cli/scripts/build_npm_package.py

@@ -20,9 +20,14 @@ PACKAGE_NATIVE_COMPONENTS: dict[str, list[str]] = {
     "codex-responses-api-proxy": ["codex-responses-api-proxy"],
     "codex-sdk": ["codex"],
 }
+WINDOWS_ONLY_COMPONENTS: dict[str, list[str]] = {
+    "codex": ["codex-windows-sandbox-setup", "codex-command-runner"],
+}
 COMPONENT_DEST_DIR: dict[str, str] = {
     "codex": "codex",
     "codex-responses-api-proxy": "codex-responses-api-proxy",
+    "codex-windows-sandbox-setup": "codex",
+    "codex-command-runner": "codex",
     "rg": "path",
 }
 
@@ -103,7 +108,7 @@ def main() -> int:
                     "pointing to a directory containing pre-installed binaries."
                 )
 
-            copy_native_binaries(vendor_src, staging_dir, native_components)
+            copy_native_binaries(vendor_src, staging_dir, package, native_components)
 
         if release_version:
             staging_dir_str = str(staging_dir)
@@ -232,7 +237,12 @@ def stage_codex_sdk_sources(staging_dir: Path) -> None:
         shutil.copy2(license_src, staging_dir / "LICENSE")
 
 
-def copy_native_binaries(vendor_src: Path, staging_dir: Path, components: list[str]) -> None:
+def copy_native_binaries(
+    vendor_src: Path,
+    staging_dir: Path,
+    package: str,
+    components: list[str],
+) -> None:
     vendor_src = vendor_src.resolve()
     if not vendor_src.exists():
         raise RuntimeError(f"Vendor source directory not found: {vendor_src}")
@@ -250,6 +260,9 @@ def copy_native_binaries(vendor_src: Path, staging_dir: Path, components: list[s
         if not target_dir.is_dir():
             continue
 
+        if "windows" in target_dir.name:
+            components_set.update(WINDOWS_ONLY_COMPONENTS.get(package, []))
+
         dest_target_dir = vendor_dest / target_dir.name
         dest_target_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
 

codex-cli/scripts/install_native_deps.py

@@ -36,8 +36,11 @@ class BinaryComponent:
     artifact_prefix: str  # matches the artifact filename prefix (e.g. codex-<target>.zst)
     dest_dir: str  # directory under vendor/<target>/ where the binary is installed
     binary_basename: str  # executable name inside dest_dir (before optional .exe)
+    targets: tuple[str, ...] | None = None  # limit installation to specific targets
 
 
+WINDOWS_TARGETS = tuple(target for target in BINARY_TARGETS if "windows" in target)
+
 BINARY_COMPONENTS = {
     "codex": BinaryComponent(
         artifact_prefix="codex",
@@ -49,6 +52,18 @@ BINARY_COMPONENTS = {
         dest_dir="codex-responses-api-proxy",
         binary_basename="codex-responses-api-proxy",
     ),
+    "codex-windows-sandbox-setup": BinaryComponent(
+        artifact_prefix="codex-windows-sandbox-setup",
+        dest_dir="codex",
+        binary_basename="codex-windows-sandbox-setup",
+        targets=WINDOWS_TARGETS,
+    ),
+    "codex-command-runner": BinaryComponent(
+        artifact_prefix="codex-command-runner",
+        dest_dir="codex",
+        binary_basename="codex-command-runner",
+        targets=WINDOWS_TARGETS,
+    ),
 }
 
 RG_TARGET_PLATFORM_PAIRS: list[tuple[str, str]] = [
@@ -79,7 +94,8 @@ def parse_args() -> argparse.Namespace:
         choices=tuple(list(BINARY_COMPONENTS) + ["rg"]),
         help=(
             "Limit installation to the specified components."
-            " May be repeated. Defaults to 'codex' and 'rg'."
+            " May be repeated. Defaults to codex, codex-windows-sandbox-setup,"
+            " codex-command-runner, and rg."
         ),
     )
     parser.add_argument(
@@ -101,7 +117,12 @@ def main() -> int:
     vendor_dir = codex_cli_root / VENDOR_DIR_NAME
     vendor_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
 
-    components = args.components or ["codex", "rg"]
+    components = args.components or [
+        "codex",
+        "codex-windows-sandbox-setup",
+        "codex-command-runner",
+        "rg",
+    ]
 
     workflow_url = (args.workflow_url or DEFAULT_WORKFLOW_URL).strip()
     if not workflow_url:
@@ -116,8 +137,7 @@ def main() -> int:
         install_binary_components(
             artifacts_dir,
             vendor_dir,
-            BINARY_TARGETS,
-            [name for name in components if name in BINARY_COMPONENTS],
+            [BINARY_COMPONENTS[name] for name in components if name in BINARY_COMPONENTS],
         )
 
     if "rg" in components:
@@ -206,23 +226,19 @@ def _download_artifacts(workflow_id: str, dest_dir: Path) -> None:
 def install_binary_components(
     artifacts_dir: Path,
     vendor_dir: Path,
-    targets: Iterable[str],
-    component_names: Sequence[str],
+    selected_components: Sequence[BinaryComponent],
 ) -> None:
-    selected_components = [BINARY_COMPONENTS[name] for name in component_names if name in BINARY_COMPONENTS]
     if not selected_components:
         return
 
-    targets = list(targets)
-    if not targets:
-        return
-
     for component in selected_components:
+        component_targets = list(component.targets or BINARY_TARGETS)
+
         print(
             f"Installing {component.binary_basename} binaries for targets: "
-            + ", ".join(targets)
+            + ", ".join(component_targets)
         )
-        max_workers = min(len(targets), max(1, (os.cpu_count() or 1)))
+        max_workers = min(len(component_targets), max(1, (os.cpu_count() or 1)))
         with ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=max_workers) as executor:
             futures = {
                 executor.submit(
@@ -232,7 +248,7 @@ def install_binary_components(
                     target,
                     component,
                 ): target
-                for target in targets
+                for target in component_targets
             }
             for future in as_completed(futures):
                 installed_path = future.result()

codex-rs/Cargo.lock

@@ -1000,6 +1000,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "codex-login",
  "codex-protocol",
  "codex-rmcp-client",
+ "codex-utils-absolute-path",
  "codex-utils-json-to-toml",
  "core_test_support",
  "mcp-types",
@@ -1243,6 +1244,8 @@ dependencies = [
  "codex-lmstudio",
  "codex-ollama",
  "codex-protocol",
+ "codex-utils-absolute-path",
+ "pretty_assertions",
  "serde",
  "toml 0.9.5",
 ]
@@ -1290,6 +1293,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "futures",
  "http 1.3.1",
  "image",
+ "include_dir",
  "indexmap 2.12.0",
  "keyring",
  "landlock",
@@ -1314,14 +1318,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "sha2",
  "shlex",
  "similar",
- "strum_macros 0.27.2",
  "tempfile",
  "test-case",
  "test-log",
  "thiserror 2.0.17",
  "time",
  "tokio",
- "tokio-test",
  "tokio-util",
  "toml 0.9.5",
  "toml_edit",
@@ -1701,7 +1703,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "arboard",
  "assert_matches",
- "async-stream",
  "base64",
  "chrono",
  "clap",
@@ -1913,6 +1914,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "codex-utils-absolute-path",
  "dirs-next",
  "dunce",
+ "pretty_assertions",
  "rand 0.8.5",
  "serde",
  "serde_json",
@@ -2205,6 +2207,16 @@ dependencies = [
  "darling_macro 0.21.3",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "darling"
+version = "0.23.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "25ae13da2f202d56bd7f91c25fba009e7717a1e4a1cc98a76d844b65ae912e9d"
+dependencies = [
+ "darling_core 0.23.0",
+ "darling_macro 0.23.0",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "darling_core"
 version = "0.20.11"
@@ -2233,6 +2245,19 @@ dependencies = [
  "syn 2.0.104",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "darling_core"
+version = "0.23.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9865a50f7c335f53564bb694ef660825eb8610e0a53d3e11bf1b0d3df31e03b0"
+dependencies = [
+ "ident_case",
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "strsim 0.11.1",
+ "syn 2.0.104",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "darling_macro"
 version = "0.20.11"
@@ -2255,6 +2280,17 @@ dependencies = [
  "syn 2.0.104",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "darling_macro"
+version = "0.23.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ac3984ec7bd6cfa798e62b4a642426a5be0e68f9401cfc2a01e3fa9ea2fcdb8d"
+dependencies = [
+ "darling_core 0.23.0",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.104",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "dbus"
 version = "0.9.9"
@@ -3366,7 +3402,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "libc",
  "percent-encoding",
  "pin-project-lite",
- "socket2 0.5.10",
+ "socket2 0.6.1",
  "system-configuration",
  "tokio",
  "tower-service",
@@ -3589,6 +3625,25 @@ version = "0.1.9"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "e8a5a9a0ff0086c7a148acb942baaabeadf9504d10400b5a05645853729b9cd2"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "include_dir"
+version = "0.7.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "923d117408f1e49d914f1a379a309cffe4f18c05cf4e3d12e613a15fc81bd0dd"
+dependencies = [
+ "include_dir_macros",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "include_dir_macros"
+version = "0.7.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "7cab85a7ed0bd5f0e76d93846e0147172bed2e2d3f859bcc33a8d9699cad1a75"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "indenter"
 version = "0.3.3"
@@ -5052,9 +5107,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "process-wrap"
-version = "8.2.1"
+version = "9.0.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "a3ef4f2f0422f23a82ec9f628ea2acd12871c81a9362b02c43c1aa86acfc3ba1"
+checksum = "5e5fd83ab7fa55fd06f5e665e3fc52b8bca451c0486b8ea60ad649cd1c10a5da"
 dependencies = [
  "futures",
  "indexmap 2.12.0",
@@ -5152,7 +5207,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "quinn-udp",
  "rustc-hash",
  "rustls",
- "socket2 0.5.10",
+ "socket2 0.6.1",
  "thiserror 2.0.17",
  "tokio",
  "tracing",
@@ -5189,7 +5244,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "cfg_aliases 0.2.1",
  "libc",
  "once_cell",
- "socket2 0.5.10",
+ "socket2 0.6.1",
  "tracing",
  "windows-sys 0.60.2",
 ]
@@ -5464,9 +5519,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "rmcp"
-version = "0.10.0"
+version = "0.12.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "38b18323edc657390a6ed4d7a9110b0dec2dc3ed128eb2a123edfbafabdbddc5"
+checksum = "528d42f8176e6e5e71ea69182b17d1d0a19a6b3b894b564678b74cd7cab13cfa"
 dependencies = [
  "async-trait",
  "base64",
@@ -5499,11 +5554,11 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "rmcp-macros"
-version = "0.10.0"
+version = "0.12.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c75d0a62676bf8c8003c4e3c348e2ceb6a7b3e48323681aaf177fdccdac2ce50"
+checksum = "e3f81daaa494eb8e985c9462f7d6ce1ab05e5299f48aafd76cdd3d8b060e6f59"
 dependencies = [
- "darling 0.21.3",
+ "darling 0.23.0",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
  "serde_json",
@@ -6910,6 +6965,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "futures-core",
  "pin-project-lite",
  "tokio",
+ "tokio-util",
 ]
 
 [[package]]

codex-rs/Cargo.toml

@@ -141,6 +141,7 @@ icu_locale_core = "2.1"
 icu_provider = { version = "2.1", features = ["sync"] }
 ignore = "0.4.23"
 image = { version = "^0.25.9", default-features = false }
+include_dir = "0.7.4"
 indexmap = "2.12.0"
 insta = "1.44.3"
 itertools = "0.14.0"
@@ -177,7 +178,7 @@ ratatui-macros = "0.6.0"
 regex = "1.12.2"
 regex-lite = "0.1.7"
 reqwest = "0.12"
-rmcp = { version = "0.10.0", default-features = false }
+rmcp = { version = "0.12.0", default-features = false }
 schemars = "0.8.22"
 seccompiler = "0.5.0"
 sentry = "0.46.0"

codex-rs/app-server-protocol/src/protocol/common.rs

@@ -144,9 +144,9 @@ client_request_definitions! {
         response: v2::McpServerOauthLoginResponse,
     },
 
-    McpServersList => "mcpServers/list" {
-        params: v2::ListMcpServersParams,
-        response: v2::ListMcpServersResponse,
+    McpServerStatusList => "mcpServerStatus/list" {
+        params: v2::ListMcpServerStatusParams,
+        response: v2::ListMcpServerStatusResponse,
     },
 
     LoginAccount => "account/login/start" {
@@ -525,6 +525,8 @@ server_notification_definitions! {
     TurnPlanUpdated => "turn/plan/updated" (v2::TurnPlanUpdatedNotification),
     ItemStarted => "item/started" (v2::ItemStartedNotification),
     ItemCompleted => "item/completed" (v2::ItemCompletedNotification),
+    /// This event is internal-only. Used by Codex Cloud.
+    RawResponseItemCompleted => "rawResponseItem/completed" (v2::RawResponseItemCompletedNotification),
     AgentMessageDelta => "item/agentMessage/delta" (v2::AgentMessageDeltaNotification),
     CommandExecutionOutputDelta => "item/commandExecution/outputDelta" (v2::CommandExecutionOutputDeltaNotification),
     TerminalInteraction => "item/commandExecution/terminalInteraction" (v2::TerminalInteractionNotification),
@@ -537,6 +539,7 @@ server_notification_definitions! {
     ReasoningSummaryPartAdded => "item/reasoning/summaryPartAdded" (v2::ReasoningSummaryPartAddedNotification),
     ReasoningTextDelta => "item/reasoning/textDelta" (v2::ReasoningTextDeltaNotification),
     ContextCompacted => "thread/compacted" (v2::ContextCompactedNotification),
+    DeprecationNotice => "deprecationNotice" (v2::DeprecationNoticeNotification),
 
     /// Notifies the user of world-writable directories on Windows, which cannot be protected by the sandbox.
     WindowsWorldWritableWarning => "windows/worldWritableWarning" (v2::WindowsWorldWritableWarningNotification),

codex-rs/app-server-protocol/src/protocol/v2.rs

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ use codex_protocol::plan_tool::StepStatus as CorePlanStepStatus;
 use codex_protocol::protocol::AskForApproval as CoreAskForApproval;
 use codex_protocol::protocol::CodexErrorInfo as CoreCodexErrorInfo;
 use codex_protocol::protocol::CreditsSnapshot as CoreCreditsSnapshot;
+use codex_protocol::protocol::NetworkAccess as CoreNetworkAccess;
 use codex_protocol::protocol::RateLimitSnapshot as CoreRateLimitSnapshot;
 use codex_protocol::protocol::RateLimitWindow as CoreRateLimitWindow;
 use codex_protocol::protocol::SessionSource as CoreSessionSource;
@@ -208,14 +209,72 @@ v2_enum_from_core!(
     }
 );
 
+// TODO(mbolin): Support in-repo layer.
 #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, JsonSchema, TS)]
-#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+#[serde(tag = "type", rename_all = "camelCase")]
+#[ts(tag = "type")]
 #[ts(export_to = "v2/")]
-pub enum ConfigLayerName {
-    Mdm,
-    System,
+pub enum ConfigLayerSource {
+    /// Managed preferences layer delivered by MDM (macOS only).
+    #[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+    #[ts(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+    Mdm {
+        domain: String,
+        key: String,
+    },
+
+    /// Managed config layer from a file (usually `managed_config.toml`).
+    #[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+    #[ts(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+    System {
+        file: AbsolutePathBuf,
+    },
+
+    /// User config layer from $CODEX_HOME/config.toml. This layer is special
+    /// in that it is expected to be:
+    /// - writable by the user
+    /// - generally outside the workspace directory
+    #[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+    #[ts(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+    User {
+        file: AbsolutePathBuf,
+    },
+
+    /// Session-layer overrides supplied via `-c`/`--config`.
     SessionFlags,
-    User,
+
+    /// `managed_config.toml` was designed to be a config that was loaded
+    /// as the last layer on top of everything else. This scheme did not quite
+    /// work out as intended, but we keep this variant as a "best effort" while
+    /// we phase out `managed_config.toml` in favor of `requirements.toml`.
+    LegacyManagedConfigTomlFromFile {
+        file: AbsolutePathBuf,
+    },
+
+    LegacyManagedConfigTomlFromMdm,
+}
+
+impl ConfigLayerSource {
+    /// A settings from a layer with a higher precedence will override a setting
+    /// from a layer with a lower precedence.
+    pub fn precedence(&self) -> i16 {
+        match self {
+            ConfigLayerSource::Mdm { .. } => 0,
+            ConfigLayerSource::System { .. } => 10,
+            ConfigLayerSource::User { .. } => 20,
+            ConfigLayerSource::SessionFlags => 30,
+            ConfigLayerSource::LegacyManagedConfigTomlFromFile { .. } => 40,
+            ConfigLayerSource::LegacyManagedConfigTomlFromMdm => 50,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Compares [ConfigLayerSource] by precedence, so `A < B` means settings from
+/// layer `A` will be overridden by settings from layer `B`.
+impl PartialOrd for ConfigLayerSource {
+    fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Option<std::cmp::Ordering> {
+        Some(self.precedence().cmp(&other.precedence()))
+    }
 }
 
 #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Default, JsonSchema, TS)]
@@ -288,8 +347,7 @@ pub struct Config {
 #[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
 #[ts(export_to = "v2/")]
 pub struct ConfigLayerMetadata {
-    pub name: ConfigLayerName,
-    pub source: String,
+    pub name: ConfigLayerSource,
     pub version: String,
 }
 
@@ -297,8 +355,7 @@ pub struct ConfigLayerMetadata {
 #[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
 #[ts(export_to = "v2/")]
 pub struct ConfigLayer {
-    pub name: ConfigLayerName,
-    pub source: String,
+    pub name: ConfigLayerSource,
     pub version: String,
     pub config: JsonValue,
 }
@@ -335,7 +392,7 @@ pub struct ConfigWriteResponse {
     pub status: WriteStatus,
     pub version: String,
     /// Canonical path to the config file that was written.
-    pub file_path: String,
+    pub file_path: AbsolutePathBuf,
     pub overridden_metadata: Option<OverriddenMetadata>,
 }
 
@@ -348,6 +405,7 @@ pub enum ConfigWriteErrorCode {
     ConfigValidationError,
     ConfigPathNotFound,
     ConfigSchemaUnknownKey,
+    UserLayerNotFound,
 }
 
 #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug, Clone, PartialEq, JsonSchema, TS)]
@@ -413,6 +471,15 @@ pub enum ApprovalDecision {
     Cancel,
 }
 
+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug, Default, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, JsonSchema, TS)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+#[ts(export_to = "v2/")]
+pub enum NetworkAccess {
+    #[default]
+    Restricted,
+    Enabled,
+}
+
 #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, JsonSchema, TS)]
 #[serde(tag = "type", rename_all = "camelCase")]
 #[ts(tag = "type")]
@@ -422,6 +489,12 @@ pub enum SandboxPolicy {
     ReadOnly,
     #[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
     #[ts(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+    ExternalSandbox {
+        #[serde(default)]
+        network_access: NetworkAccess,
+    },
+    #[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+    #[ts(rename_all = "camelCase")]
     WorkspaceWrite {
         #[serde(default)]
         writable_roots: Vec<AbsolutePathBuf>,
@@ -441,6 +514,14 @@ impl SandboxPolicy {
                 codex_protocol::protocol::SandboxPolicy::DangerFullAccess
             }
             SandboxPolicy::ReadOnly => codex_protocol::protocol::SandboxPolicy::ReadOnly,
+            SandboxPolicy::ExternalSandbox { network_access } => {
+                codex_protocol::protocol::SandboxPolicy::ExternalSandbox {
+                    network_access: match network_access {
+                        NetworkAccess::Restricted => CoreNetworkAccess::Restricted,
+                        NetworkAccess::Enabled => CoreNetworkAccess::Enabled,
+                    },
+                }
+            }
             SandboxPolicy::WorkspaceWrite {
                 writable_roots,
                 network_access,
@@ -463,6 +544,14 @@ impl From<codex_protocol::protocol::SandboxPolicy> for SandboxPolicy {
                 SandboxPolicy::DangerFullAccess
             }
             codex_protocol::protocol::SandboxPolicy::ReadOnly => SandboxPolicy::ReadOnly,
+            codex_protocol::protocol::SandboxPolicy::ExternalSandbox { network_access } => {
+                SandboxPolicy::ExternalSandbox {
+                    network_access: match network_access {
+                        CoreNetworkAccess::Restricted => NetworkAccess::Restricted,
+                        CoreNetworkAccess::Enabled => NetworkAccess::Enabled,
+                    },
+                }
+            }
             codex_protocol::protocol::SandboxPolicy::WorkspaceWrite {
                 writable_roots,
                 network_access,
@@ -761,7 +850,7 @@ pub struct ModelListResponse {
 #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug, Clone, PartialEq, JsonSchema, TS)]
 #[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
 #[ts(export_to = "v2/")]
-pub struct ListMcpServersParams {
+pub struct ListMcpServerStatusParams {
     /// Opaque pagination cursor returned by a previous call.
     pub cursor: Option<String>,
     /// Optional page size; defaults to a server-defined value.
@@ -771,7 +860,7 @@ pub struct ListMcpServersParams {
 #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug, Clone, PartialEq, JsonSchema, TS)]
 #[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
 #[ts(export_to = "v2/")]
-pub struct McpServer {
+pub struct McpServerStatus {
     pub name: String,
     pub tools: std::collections::HashMap<String, McpTool>,
     pub resources: Vec<McpResource>,
@@ -782,8 +871,8 @@ pub struct McpServer {
 #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug, Clone, PartialEq, JsonSchema, TS)]
 #[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
 #[ts(export_to = "v2/")]
-pub struct ListMcpServersResponse {
-    pub data: Vec<McpServer>,
+pub struct ListMcpServerStatusResponse {
+    pub data: Vec<McpServerStatus>,
     /// Opaque cursor to pass to the next call to continue after the last item.
     /// If None, there are no more items to return.
     pub next_cursor: Option<String>,
@@ -860,6 +949,12 @@ pub struct ThreadStartParams {
     pub config: Option<HashMap<String, JsonValue>>,
     pub base_instructions: Option<String>,
     pub developer_instructions: Option<String>,
+    /// If true, opt into emitting raw response items on the event stream.
+    ///
+    /// This is for internal use only (e.g. Codex Cloud).
+    /// (TODO): Figure out a better way to categorize internal / experimental events & protocols.
+    #[serde(default)]
+    pub experimental_raw_events: bool,
 }
 
 #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug, Clone, PartialEq, JsonSchema, TS)]
@@ -965,6 +1060,10 @@ pub struct SkillsListParams {
     /// When empty, defaults to the current session working directory.
     #[serde(default, skip_serializing_if = "Vec::is_empty")]
     pub cwds: Vec<PathBuf>,
+
+    /// When true, bypass the skills cache and re-scan skills from disk.
+    #[serde(default, skip_serializing_if = "std::ops::Not::not")]
+    pub force_reload: bool,
 }
 
 #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug, Clone, PartialEq, JsonSchema, TS)]
@@ -981,6 +1080,8 @@ pub struct SkillsListResponse {
 pub enum SkillScope {
     User,
     Repo,
+    System,
+    Admin,
 }
 
 #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug, Clone, PartialEq, JsonSchema, TS)]
@@ -989,6 +1090,9 @@ pub enum SkillScope {
 pub struct SkillMetadata {
     pub name: String,
     pub description: String,
+    #[ts(optional)]
+    #[serde(default, skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+    pub short_description: Option<String>,
     pub path: PathBuf,
     pub scope: SkillScope,
 }
@@ -1015,6 +1119,7 @@ impl From<CoreSkillMetadata> for SkillMetadata {
         Self {
             name: value.name,
             description: value.description,
+            short_description: value.short_description,
             path: value.path,
             scope: value.scope.into(),
         }
@@ -1026,6 +1131,8 @@ impl From<CoreSkillScope> for SkillScope {
         match value {
             CoreSkillScope::User => Self::User,
             CoreSkillScope::Repo => Self::Repo,
+            CoreSkillScope::System => Self::System,
+            CoreSkillScope::Admin => Self::Admin,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -1581,6 +1688,15 @@ pub struct ItemCompletedNotification {
     pub turn_id: String,
 }
 
+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug, Clone, PartialEq, JsonSchema, TS)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+#[ts(export_to = "v2/")]
+pub struct RawResponseItemCompletedNotification {
+    pub thread_id: String,
+    pub turn_id: String,
+    pub item: ResponseItem,
+}
+
 // Item-specific progress notifications
 #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug, Clone, PartialEq, JsonSchema, TS)]
 #[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
@@ -1815,6 +1931,16 @@ pub struct AccountLoginCompletedNotification {
     pub error: Option<String>,
 }
 
+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug, Clone, PartialEq, JsonSchema, TS)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+#[ts(export_to = "v2/")]
+pub struct DeprecationNoticeNotification {
+    /// Concise summary of what is deprecated.
+    pub summary: String,
+    /// Optional extra guidance, such as migration steps or rationale.
+    pub details: Option<String>,
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
@@ -1824,11 +1950,30 @@ mod tests {
     use codex_protocol::items::TurnItem;
     use codex_protocol::items::UserMessageItem;
     use codex_protocol::items::WebSearchItem;
+    use codex_protocol::protocol::NetworkAccess as CoreNetworkAccess;
     use codex_protocol::user_input::UserInput as CoreUserInput;
     use pretty_assertions::assert_eq;
     use serde_json::json;
     use std::path::PathBuf;
 
+    #[test]
+    fn sandbox_policy_round_trips_external_sandbox_network_access() {
+        let v2_policy = SandboxPolicy::ExternalSandbox {
+            network_access: NetworkAccess::Enabled,
+        };
+
+        let core_policy = v2_policy.to_core();
+        assert_eq!(
+            core_policy,
+            codex_protocol::protocol::SandboxPolicy::ExternalSandbox {
+                network_access: CoreNetworkAccess::Enabled,
+            }
+        );
+
+        let back_to_v2 = SandboxPolicy::from(core_policy);
+        assert_eq!(back_to_v2, v2_policy);
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn core_turn_item_into_thread_item_converts_supported_variants() {
         let user_item = TurnItem::UserMessage(UserMessageItem {
@@ -1913,6 +2058,30 @@ mod tests {
         );
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn skills_list_params_serialization_uses_force_reload() {
+        assert_eq!(
+            serde_json::to_value(SkillsListParams {
+                cwds: Vec::new(),
+                force_reload: false,
+            })
+            .unwrap(),
+            json!({}),
+        );
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            serde_json::to_value(SkillsListParams {
+                cwds: vec![PathBuf::from("/repo")],
+                force_reload: true,
+            })
+            .unwrap(),
+            json!({
+                "cwds": ["/repo"],
+                "forceReload": true,
+            }),
+        );
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn codex_error_info_serializes_http_status_code_in_camel_case() {
         let value = CodexErrorInfo::ResponseTooManyFailedAttempts {

codex-rs/app-server/Cargo.toml

@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ codex-protocol = { workspace = true }
 codex-app-server-protocol = { workspace = true }
 codex-feedback = { workspace = true }
 codex-rmcp-client = { workspace = true }
+codex-utils-absolute-path = { workspace = true }
 codex-utils-json-to-toml = { workspace = true }
 chrono = { workspace = true }
 serde = { workspace = true, features = ["derive"] }

codex-rs/app-server/README.md

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 `codex app-server` is the interface Codex uses to power rich interfaces such as the [Codex VS Code extension](https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=openai.chatgpt).
 
 ## Table of Contents
+
 - [Protocol](#protocol)
 - [Message Schema](#message-schema)
 - [Core Primitives](#core-primitives)
@@ -28,6 +29,7 @@ codex app-server generate-json-schema --out DIR
 ## Core Primitives
 
 The API exposes three top level primitives representing an interaction between a user and Codex:
+
 - **Thread**: A conversation between a user and the Codex agent. Each thread contains multiple turns.
 - **Turn**: One turn of the conversation, typically starting with a user message and finishing with an agent message. Each turn contains multiple items.
 - **Item**: Represents user inputs and agent outputs as part of the turn, persisted and used as the context for future conversations. Example items include user message, agent reasoning, agent message, shell command, file edit, etc.
@@ -49,13 +51,23 @@ Clients must send a single `initialize` request before invoking any other method
 Applications building on top of `codex app-server` should identify themselves via the `clientInfo` parameter.
 
 Example (from OpenAI's official VSCode extension):
+
 ```json
-{ "method": "initialize", "id": 0, "params": {
-    "clientInfo": { "name": "codex-vscode", "title": "Codex VS Code Extension", "version": "0.1.0" }
-} }
+{
+  "method": "initialize",
+  "id": 0,
+  "params": {
+    "clientInfo": {
+      "name": "codex-vscode",
+      "title": "Codex VS Code Extension",
+      "version": "0.1.0"
+    }
+  }
+}
 ```
 
 ## API Overview
+
 - `thread/start` — create a new thread; emits `thread/started` and auto-subscribes you to turn/item events for that thread.
 - `thread/resume` — reopen an existing thread by id so subsequent `turn/start` calls append to it.
 - `thread/list` — page through stored rollouts; supports cursor-based pagination and optional `modelProviders` filtering.
@@ -65,9 +77,9 @@ Example (from OpenAI's official VSCode extension):
 - `review/start` — kick off Codex’s automated reviewer for a thread; responds like `turn/start` and emits `item/started`/`item/completed` notifications with `enteredReviewMode` and `exitedReviewMode` items, plus a final assistant `agentMessage` containing the review.
 - `command/exec` — run a single command under the server sandbox without starting a thread/turn (handy for utilities and validation).
 - `model/list` — list available models (with reasoning effort options).
-- `skills/list` — list skills for one or more `cwd` values.
+- `skills/list` — list skills for one or more `cwd` values (optional `forceReload`).
 - `mcpServer/oauth/login` — start an OAuth login for a configured MCP server; returns an `authorization_url` and later emits `mcpServer/oauthLogin/completed` once the browser flow finishes.
-- `mcpServers/list` — enumerate configured MCP servers with their tools, resources, resource templates, and auth status; supports cursor+limit pagination.
+- `mcpServerStatus/list` — enumerate configured MCP servers with their tools, resources, resource templates, and auth status; supports cursor+limit pagination.
 - `feedback/upload` — submit a feedback report (classification + optional reason/logs and conversation_id); returns the tracking thread id.
 - `command/exec` — run a single command under the server sandbox without starting a thread/turn (handy for utilities and validation).
 - `config/read` — fetch the effective config on disk after resolving config layering.
@@ -108,6 +120,7 @@ To continue a stored session, call `thread/resume` with the `thread.id` you prev
 ### Example: List threads (with pagination & filters)
 
 `thread/list` lets you render a history UI. Pass any combination of:
+
 - `cursor` — opaque string from a prior response; omit for the first page.
 - `limit` — server defaults to a reasonable page size if unset.
 - `modelProviders` — restrict results to specific providers; unset, null, or an empty array will include all providers.
@@ -159,7 +172,7 @@ You can optionally specify config overrides on the new turn. If specified, these
     "cwd": "/Users/me/project",
     "approvalPolicy": "unlessTrusted",
     "sandboxPolicy": {
-        "mode": "workspaceWrite",
+        "type": "workspaceWrite",
         "writableRoots": ["/Users/me/project"],
         "networkAccess": true
     },
@@ -228,22 +241,32 @@ Codex streams the usual `turn/started` notification followed by an `item/started
 with an `enteredReviewMode` item so clients can show progress:
 
 ```json
-{ "method": "item/started", "params": { "item": {
-    "type": "enteredReviewMode",
-    "id": "turn_900",
-    "review": "current changes"
-} } }
+{
+  "method": "item/started",
+  "params": {
+    "item": {
+      "type": "enteredReviewMode",
+      "id": "turn_900",
+      "review": "current changes"
+    }
+  }
+}
 ```
 
 When the reviewer finishes, the server emits `item/started` and `item/completed`
 containing an `exitedReviewMode` item with the final review text:
 
 ```json
-{ "method": "item/completed", "params": { "item": {
-    "type": "exitedReviewMode",
-    "id": "turn_900",
-    "review": "Looks solid overall...\n\n- Prefer Stylize helpers — app.rs:10-20\n  ..."
-} } }
+{
+  "method": "item/completed",
+  "params": {
+    "item": {
+      "type": "exitedReviewMode",
+      "id": "turn_900",
+      "review": "Looks solid overall...\n\n- Prefer Stylize helpers — app.rs:10-20\n  ..."
+    }
+  }
+}
 ```
 
 The `review` string is plain text that already bundles the overall explanation plus a bullet list for each structured finding (matching `ThreadItem::ExitedReviewMode` in the generated schema). Use this notification to render the reviewer output in your client.
@@ -262,9 +285,12 @@ Run a standalone command (argv vector) in the server’s sandbox without creatin
 { "id": 32, "result": { "exitCode": 0, "stdout": "...", "stderr": "" } }
 ```
 
+- For clients that are already sandboxed externally, set `sandboxPolicy` to `{"type":"externalSandbox","networkAccess":"enabled"}` (or omit `networkAccess` to keep it restricted). Codex will not enforce its own sandbox in this mode; it tells the model it has full file-system access and passes the `networkAccess` state through `environment_context`.
+
 Notes:
+
 - Empty `command` arrays are rejected.
-- `sandboxPolicy` accepts the same shape used by `turn/start` (e.g., `dangerFullAccess`, `readOnly`, `workspaceWrite` with flags).
+- `sandboxPolicy` accepts the same shape used by `turn/start` (e.g., `dangerFullAccess`, `readOnly`, `workspaceWrite` with flags, `externalSandbox` with `networkAccess` `restricted|enabled`).
 - When omitted, `timeoutMs` falls back to the server default.
 
 ## Events
@@ -285,6 +311,7 @@ Today both notifications carry an empty `items` array even when item events were
 #### Items
 
 `ThreadItem` is the tagged union carried in turn responses and `item/*` notifications. Currently we support events for the following items:
+
 - `userMessage` — `{id, content}` where `content` is a list of user inputs (`text`, `image`, or `localImage`).
 - `agentMessage` — `{id, text}` containing the accumulated agent reply.
 - `reasoning` — `{id, summary, content}` where `summary` holds streamed reasoning summaries (applicable for most OpenAI models) and `content` holds raw reasoning blocks (applicable for e.g. open source models).
@@ -298,37 +325,48 @@ Today both notifications carry an empty `items` array even when item events were
 - `compacted` - `{threadId, turnId}` when codex compacts the conversation history. This can happen automatically.
 
 All items emit two shared lifecycle events:
+
 - `item/started` — emits the full `item` when a new unit of work begins so the UI can render it immediately; the `item.id` in this payload matches the `itemId` used by deltas.
 - `item/completed` — sends the final `item` once that work finishes (e.g., after a tool call or message completes); treat this as the authoritative state.
 
 There are additional item-specific events:
+
 #### agentMessage
+
 - `item/agentMessage/delta` — appends streamed text for the agent message; concatenate `delta` values for the same `itemId` in order to reconstruct the full reply.
+
 #### reasoning
+
 - `item/reasoning/summaryTextDelta` — streams readable reasoning summaries; `summaryIndex` increments when a new summary section opens.
 - `item/reasoning/summaryPartAdded` — marks the boundary between reasoning summary sections for an `itemId`; subsequent `summaryTextDelta` entries share the same `summaryIndex`.
 - `item/reasoning/textDelta` — streams raw reasoning text (only applicable for e.g. open source models); use `contentIndex` to group deltas that belong together before showing them in the UI.
+
 #### commandExecution
+
 - `item/commandExecution/outputDelta` — streams stdout/stderr for the command; append deltas in order to render live output alongside `aggregatedOutput` in the final item.
-Final `commandExecution` items include parsed `commandActions`, `status`, `exitCode`, and `durationMs` so the UI can summarize what ran and whether it succeeded.
+  Final `commandExecution` items include parsed `commandActions`, `status`, `exitCode`, and `durationMs` so the UI can summarize what ran and whether it succeeded.
+
 #### fileChange
+
 - `item/fileChange/outputDelta` - contains the tool call response of the underlying `apply_patch` tool call.
 
 ### Errors
+
 `error` event is emitted whenever the server hits an error mid-turn (for example, upstream model errors or quota limits). Carries the same `{ error: { message, codexErrorInfo? } }` payload as `turn.status: "failed"` and may precede that terminal notification.
 
-  `codexErrorInfo` maps to the `CodexErrorInfo` enum. Common values:
-  - `ContextWindowExceeded`
-  - `UsageLimitExceeded`
-  - `HttpConnectionFailed { httpStatusCode? }`: upstream HTTP failures including 4xx/5xx
-  - `ResponseStreamConnectionFailed { httpStatusCode? }`: failure to connect to the response SSE stream
-  - `ResponseStreamDisconnected { httpStatusCode? }`: disconnect of the response SSE stream in the middle of a turn before completion
-  - `ResponseTooManyFailedAttempts { httpStatusCode? }`
-  - `BadRequest`
-  - `Unauthorized`
-  - `SandboxError`
-  - `InternalServerError`
-  - `Other`: all unclassified errors
+`codexErrorInfo` maps to the `CodexErrorInfo` enum. Common values:
+
+- `ContextWindowExceeded`
+- `UsageLimitExceeded`
+- `HttpConnectionFailed { httpStatusCode? }`: upstream HTTP failures including 4xx/5xx
+- `ResponseStreamConnectionFailed { httpStatusCode? }`: failure to connect to the response SSE stream
+- `ResponseStreamDisconnected { httpStatusCode? }`: disconnect of the response SSE stream in the middle of a turn before completion
+- `ResponseTooManyFailedAttempts { httpStatusCode? }`
+- `BadRequest`
+- `Unauthorized`
+- `SandboxError`
+- `InternalServerError`
+- `Other`: all unclassified errors
 
 When an upstream HTTP status is available (for example, from the Responses API or a provider), it is forwarded in `httpStatusCode` on the relevant `codexErrorInfo` variant.
 
@@ -342,6 +380,7 @@ Certain actions (shell commands or modifying files) may require explicit user ap
 ### Command execution approvals
 
 Order of messages:
+
 1. `item/started` — shows the pending `commandExecution` item with `command`, `cwd`, and other fields so you can render the proposed action.
 2. `item/commandExecution/requestApproval` (request) — carries the same `itemId`, `threadId`, `turnId`, optionally `reason` or `risk`, plus `parsedCmd` for friendly display.
 3. Client response — `{ "decision": "accept", "acceptSettings": { "forSession": false } }` or `{ "decision": "decline" }`.
@@ -350,6 +389,7 @@ Order of messages:
 ### File change approvals
 
 Order of messages:
+
 1. `item/started` — emits a `fileChange` item with `changes` (diff chunk summaries) and `status: "inProgress"`. Show the proposed edits and paths to the user.
 2. `item/fileChange/requestApproval` (request) — includes `itemId`, `threadId`, `turnId`, and an optional `reason`.
 3. Client response — `{ "decision": "accept" }` or `{ "decision": "decline" }`.
@@ -362,6 +402,7 @@ UI guidance for IDEs: surface an approval dialog as soon as the request arrives.
 The JSON-RPC auth/account surface exposes request/response methods plus server-initiated notifications (no `id`). Use these to determine auth state, start or cancel logins, logout, and inspect ChatGPT rate limits.
 
 ### API Overview
+
 - `account/read` — fetch current account info; optionally refresh tokens.
 - `account/login/start` — begin login (`apiKey` or `chatgpt`).
 - `account/login/completed` (notify) — emitted when a login attempt finishes (success or error).
@@ -375,11 +416,13 @@ The JSON-RPC auth/account surface exposes request/response methods plus server-i
 ### 1) Check auth state
 
 Request:
+
 ```json
 { "method": "account/read", "id": 1, "params": { "refreshToken": false } }
 ```
 
 Response examples:
+
 ```json
 { "id": 1, "result": { "account": null, "requiresOpenaiAuth": false } } // No OpenAI auth needed (e.g., OSS/local models)
 { "id": 1, "result": { "account": null, "requiresOpenaiAuth": true } }  // OpenAI auth required (typical for OpenAI-hosted models)
@@ -388,6 +431,7 @@ Response examples:
 ```
 
 Field notes:
+
 - `refreshToken` (bool): set `true` to force a token refresh.
 - `requiresOpenaiAuth` reflects the active provider; when `false`, Codex can run without OpenAI credentials.
 
@@ -395,7 +439,11 @@ Field notes:
 
 1. Send:
    ```json
-   { "method": "account/login/start", "id": 2, "params": { "type": "apiKey", "apiKey": "sk-…" } }
+   {
+     "method": "account/login/start",
+     "id": 2,
+     "params": { "type": "apiKey", "apiKey": "sk-…" }
+   }
    ```
 2. Expect:
    ```json
@@ -445,6 +493,7 @@ Field notes:
 ```
 
 Field notes:
+
 - `usedPercent` is current usage within the OpenAI quota window.
 - `windowDurationMins` is the quota window length.
 - `resetsAt` is a Unix timestamp (seconds) for the next reset.

codex-rs/app-server/src/bespoke_event_handling.rs

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ use codex_app_server_protocol::CommandExecutionRequestApprovalParams;
 use codex_app_server_protocol::CommandExecutionRequestApprovalResponse;
 use codex_app_server_protocol::CommandExecutionStatus;
 use codex_app_server_protocol::ContextCompactedNotification;
+use codex_app_server_protocol::DeprecationNoticeNotification;
 use codex_app_server_protocol::ErrorNotification;
 use codex_app_server_protocol::ExecCommandApprovalParams;
 use codex_app_server_protocol::ExecCommandApprovalResponse;
@@ -31,6 +32,7 @@ use codex_app_server_protocol::McpToolCallResult;
 use codex_app_server_protocol::McpToolCallStatus;
 use codex_app_server_protocol::PatchApplyStatus;
 use codex_app_server_protocol::PatchChangeKind as V2PatchChangeKind;
+use codex_app_server_protocol::RawResponseItemCompletedNotification;
 use codex_app_server_protocol::ReasoningSummaryPartAddedNotification;
 use codex_app_server_protocol::ReasoningSummaryTextDeltaNotification;
 use codex_app_server_protocol::ReasoningTextDeltaNotification;
@@ -282,6 +284,15 @@ pub(crate) async fn apply_bespoke_event_handling(
                 .send_server_notification(ServerNotification::ContextCompacted(notification))
                 .await;
         }
+        EventMsg::DeprecationNotice(event) => {
+            let notification = DeprecationNoticeNotification {
+                summary: event.summary,
+                details: event.details,
+            };
+            outgoing
+                .send_server_notification(ServerNotification::DeprecationNotice(notification))
+                .await;
+        }
         EventMsg::ReasoningContentDelta(event) => {
             let notification = ReasoningSummaryTextDeltaNotification {
                 thread_id: conversation_id.to_string(),
@@ -451,6 +462,16 @@ pub(crate) async fn apply_bespoke_event_handling(
                 .send_server_notification(ServerNotification::ItemCompleted(completed))
                 .await;
         }
+        EventMsg::RawResponseItem(raw_response_item_event) => {
+            maybe_emit_raw_response_item_completed(
+                api_version,
+                conversation_id,
+                &event_turn_id,
+                raw_response_item_event.item,
+                outgoing.as_ref(),
+            )
+            .await;
+        }
         EventMsg::PatchApplyBegin(patch_begin_event) => {
             // Until we migrate the core to be aware of a first class FileChangeItem
             // and emit the corresponding EventMsg, we repurpose the call_id as the item_id.
@@ -820,6 +841,27 @@ async fn complete_command_execution_item(
         .await;
 }
 
+async fn maybe_emit_raw_response_item_completed(
+    api_version: ApiVersion,
+    conversation_id: ConversationId,
+    turn_id: &str,
+    item: codex_protocol::models::ResponseItem,
+    outgoing: &OutgoingMessageSender,
+) {
+    let ApiVersion::V2 = api_version else {
+        return;
+    };
+
+    let notification = RawResponseItemCompletedNotification {
+        thread_id: conversation_id.to_string(),
+        turn_id: turn_id.to_string(),
+        item,
+    };
+    outgoing
+        .send_server_notification(ServerNotification::RawResponseItemCompleted(notification))
+        .await;
+}
+
 async fn find_and_remove_turn_summary(
     conversation_id: ConversationId,
     turn_summary_store: &TurnSummaryStore,

codex-rs/app-server/src/codex_message_processor.rs

@@ -46,8 +46,8 @@ use codex_app_server_protocol::InterruptConversationParams;
 use codex_app_server_protocol::JSONRPCErrorError;
 use codex_app_server_protocol::ListConversationsParams;
 use codex_app_server_protocol::ListConversationsResponse;
-use codex_app_server_protocol::ListMcpServersParams;
-use codex_app_server_protocol::ListMcpServersResponse;
+use codex_app_server_protocol::ListMcpServerStatusParams;
+use codex_app_server_protocol::ListMcpServerStatusResponse;
 use codex_app_server_protocol::LoginAccountParams;
 use codex_app_server_protocol::LoginApiKeyParams;
 use codex_app_server_protocol::LoginApiKeyResponse;
@@ -55,10 +55,10 @@ use codex_app_server_protocol::LoginChatGptCompleteNotification;
 use codex_app_server_protocol::LoginChatGptResponse;
 use codex_app_server_protocol::LogoutAccountResponse;
 use codex_app_server_protocol::LogoutChatGptResponse;
-use codex_app_server_protocol::McpServer;
 use codex_app_server_protocol::McpServerOauthLoginCompletedNotification;
 use codex_app_server_protocol::McpServerOauthLoginParams;
 use codex_app_server_protocol::McpServerOauthLoginResponse;
+use codex_app_server_protocol::McpServerStatus;
 use codex_app_server_protocol::ModelListParams;
 use codex_app_server_protocol::ModelListResponse;
 use codex_app_server_protocol::NewConversationParams;
@@ -282,7 +282,7 @@ impl CodexMessageProcessor {
     }
 
     async fn load_latest_config(&self) -> Result<Config, JSONRPCErrorError> {
-        Config::load_with_cli_overrides(self.cli_overrides.clone(), ConfigOverrides::default())
+        Config::load_with_cli_overrides(self.cli_overrides.clone())
             .await
             .map_err(|err| JSONRPCErrorError {
                 code: INTERNAL_ERROR_CODE,
@@ -393,13 +393,20 @@ impl CodexMessageProcessor {
                 self.handle_list_conversations(request_id, params).await;
             }
             ClientRequest::ModelList { request_id, params } => {
-                self.list_models(request_id, params).await;
+                let outgoing = self.outgoing.clone();
+                let conversation_manager = self.conversation_manager.clone();
+                let config = self.config.clone();
+
+                tokio::spawn(async move {
+                    Self::list_models(outgoing, conversation_manager, config, request_id, params)
+                        .await;
+                });
             }
             ClientRequest::McpServerOauthLogin { request_id, params } => {
                 self.mcp_server_oauth_login(request_id, params).await;
             }
-            ClientRequest::McpServersList { request_id, params } => {
-                self.list_mcp_servers(request_id, params).await;
+            ClientRequest::McpServerStatusList { request_id, params } => {
+                self.list_mcp_server_status(request_id, params).await;
             }
             ClientRequest::LoginAccount { request_id, params } => {
                 self.login_v2(request_id, params).await;
@@ -1373,9 +1380,13 @@ impl CodexMessageProcessor {
                 };
 
                 // Auto-attach a conversation listener when starting a thread.
-                // Use the same behavior as the v1 API with experimental_raw_events=false.
+                // Use the same behavior as the v1 API, with opt-in support for raw item events.
                 if let Err(err) = self
-                    .attach_conversation_listener(conversation_id, false, ApiVersion::V2)
+                    .attach_conversation_listener(
+                        conversation_id,
+                        params.experimental_raw_events,
+                        ApiVersion::V2,
+                    )
                     .await
                 {
                     tracing::warn!(
@@ -1892,9 +1903,17 @@ impl CodexMessageProcessor {
         Ok((items, next_cursor))
     }
 
-    async fn list_models(&self, request_id: RequestId, params: ModelListParams) {
+    async fn list_models(
+        outgoing: Arc<OutgoingMessageSender>,
+        conversation_manager: Arc<ConversationManager>,
+        config: Arc<Config>,
+        request_id: RequestId,
+        params: ModelListParams,
+    ) {
         let ModelListParams { limit, cursor } = params;
-        let models = supported_models(self.conversation_manager.clone(), &self.config).await;
+        let mut config = (*config).clone();
+        config.features.enable(Feature::RemoteModels);
+        let models = supported_models(conversation_manager, &config).await;
         let total = models.len();
 
         if total == 0 {
@@ -1902,7 +1921,7 @@ impl CodexMessageProcessor {
                 data: Vec::new(),
                 next_cursor: None,
             };
-            self.outgoing.send_response(request_id, response).await;
+            outgoing.send_response(request_id, response).await;
             return;
         }
 
@@ -1917,7 +1936,7 @@ impl CodexMessageProcessor {
                         message: format!("invalid cursor: {cursor}"),
                         data: None,
                     };
-                    self.outgoing.send_error(request_id, error).await;
+                    outgoing.send_error(request_id, error).await;
                     return;
                 }
             },
@@ -1930,7 +1949,7 @@ impl CodexMessageProcessor {
                 message: format!("cursor {start} exceeds total models {total}"),
                 data: None,
             };
-            self.outgoing.send_error(request_id, error).await;
+            outgoing.send_error(request_id, error).await;
             return;
         }
 
@@ -1945,7 +1964,7 @@ impl CodexMessageProcessor {
             data: items,
             next_cursor,
         };
-        self.outgoing.send_response(request_id, response).await;
+        outgoing.send_response(request_id, response).await;
     }
 
     async fn mcp_server_oauth_login(
@@ -2052,7 +2071,12 @@ impl CodexMessageProcessor {
         }
     }
 
-    async fn list_mcp_servers(&self, request_id: RequestId, params: ListMcpServersParams) {
+    async fn list_mcp_server_status(
+        &self,
+        request_id: RequestId,
+        params: ListMcpServerStatusParams,
+    ) {
+        let outgoing = Arc::clone(&self.outgoing);
         let config = match self.load_latest_config().await {
             Ok(config) => config,
             Err(error) => {
@@ -2061,6 +2085,17 @@ impl CodexMessageProcessor {
             }
         };
 
+        tokio::spawn(async move {
+            Self::list_mcp_server_status_task(outgoing, request_id, params, config).await;
+        });
+    }
+
+    async fn list_mcp_server_status_task(
+        outgoing: Arc<OutgoingMessageSender>,
+        request_id: RequestId,
+        params: ListMcpServerStatusParams,
+        config: Config,
+    ) {
         let snapshot = collect_mcp_snapshot(&config).await;
 
         let tools_by_server = group_tools_by_server(&snapshot.tools);
@@ -2088,7 +2123,7 @@ impl CodexMessageProcessor {
                         message: format!("invalid cursor: {cursor}"),
                         data: None,
                     };
-                    self.outgoing.send_error(request_id, error).await;
+                    outgoing.send_error(request_id, error).await;
                     return;
                 }
             },
@@ -2101,15 +2136,15 @@ impl CodexMessageProcessor {
                 message: format!("cursor {start} exceeds total MCP servers {total}"),
                 data: None,
             };
-            self.outgoing.send_error(request_id, error).await;
+            outgoing.send_error(request_id, error).await;
             return;
         }
 
         let end = start.saturating_add(effective_limit).min(total);
 
-        let data: Vec<McpServer> = server_names[start..end]
+        let data: Vec<McpServerStatus> = server_names[start..end]
             .iter()
-            .map(|name| McpServer {
+            .map(|name| McpServerStatus {
                 name: name.clone(),
                 tools: tools_by_server.get(name).cloned().unwrap_or_default(),
                 resources: snapshot.resources.get(name).cloned().unwrap_or_default(),
@@ -2133,9 +2168,9 @@ impl CodexMessageProcessor {
             None
         };
 
-        let response = ListMcpServersResponse { data, next_cursor };
+        let response = ListMcpServerStatusResponse { data, next_cursor };
 
-        self.outgoing.send_response(request_id, response).await;
+        outgoing.send_response(request_id, response).await;
     }
 
     async fn handle_resume_conversation(
@@ -2605,36 +2640,27 @@ impl CodexMessageProcessor {
     }
 
     async fn skills_list(&self, request_id: RequestId, params: SkillsListParams) {
-        let SkillsListParams { cwds } = params;
+        let SkillsListParams { cwds, force_reload } = params;
         let cwds = if cwds.is_empty() {
             vec![self.config.cwd.clone()]
         } else {
             cwds
         };
 
-        let data = if self.config.features.enabled(Feature::Skills) {
-            let skills_manager = self.conversation_manager.skills_manager();
-            cwds.into_iter()
-                .map(|cwd| {
-                    let outcome = skills_manager.skills_for_cwd(&cwd);
-                    let errors = errors_to_info(&outcome.errors);
-                    let skills = skills_to_info(&outcome.skills);
-                    codex_app_server_protocol::SkillsListEntry {
-                        cwd,
-                        skills,
-                        errors,
-                    }
-                })
-                .collect()
-        } else {
-            cwds.into_iter()
-                .map(|cwd| codex_app_server_protocol::SkillsListEntry {
+        let skills_manager = self.conversation_manager.skills_manager();
+        let data = cwds
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|cwd| {
+                let outcome = skills_manager.skills_for_cwd_with_options(&cwd, force_reload);
+                let errors = errors_to_info(&outcome.errors);
+                let skills = skills_to_info(&outcome.skills);
+                codex_app_server_protocol::SkillsListEntry {
                     cwd,
-                    skills: Vec::new(),
-                    errors: Vec::new(),
-                })
-                .collect()
-        };
+                    skills,
+                    errors,
+                }
+            })
+            .collect();
         self.outgoing
             .send_response(request_id, SkillsListResponse { data })
             .await;
@@ -3293,6 +3319,7 @@ fn skills_to_info(
         .map(|skill| codex_app_server_protocol::SkillMetadata {
             name: skill.name.clone(),
             description: skill.description.clone(),
+            short_description: skill.short_description.clone(),
             path: skill.path.clone(),
             scope: skill.scope.into(),
         })
@@ -3313,7 +3340,7 @@ fn errors_to_info(
 
 async fn derive_config_from_params(
     overrides: ConfigOverrides,
-    cli_overrides: Option<std::collections::HashMap<String, serde_json::Value>>,
+    cli_overrides: Option<HashMap<String, serde_json::Value>>,
 ) -> std::io::Result<Config> {
     let cli_overrides = cli_overrides
         .unwrap_or_default()
@@ -3321,7 +3348,7 @@ async fn derive_config_from_params(
         .map(|(k, v)| (k, json_to_toml(v)))
         .collect();
 
-    Config::load_with_cli_overrides(cli_overrides, overrides).await
+    Config::load_with_cli_overrides_and_harness_overrides(cli_overrides, overrides).await
 }
 
 async fn read_summary_from_rollout(

codex-rs/app-server/src/lib.rs

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 
 use codex_common::CliConfigOverrides;
 use codex_core::config::Config;
-use codex_core::config::ConfigOverrides;
 use std::io::ErrorKind;
 use std::io::Result as IoResult;
 use std::path::PathBuf;
@@ -81,12 +80,11 @@ pub async fn run_main(
             format!("error parsing -c overrides: {e}"),
         )
     })?;
-    let config =
-        Config::load_with_cli_overrides(cli_kv_overrides.clone(), ConfigOverrides::default())
-            .await
-            .map_err(|e| {
-                std::io::Error::new(ErrorKind::InvalidData, format!("error loading config: {e}"))
-            })?;
+    let config = Config::load_with_cli_overrides(cli_kv_overrides.clone())
+        .await
+        .map_err(|e| {
+            std::io::Error::new(ErrorKind::InvalidData, format!("error loading config: {e}"))
+        })?;
 
     let feedback = CodexFeedback::new();
 

codex-rs/app-server/tests/common/models_cache.rs

@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ fn preset_to_info(preset: &ModelPreset, priority: i32) -> ModelInfo {
     }
 }
 
+// todo(aibrahim): fix the priorities to be the opposite here.
 /// Write a models_cache.json file to the codex home directory.
 /// This prevents ModelsManager from making network requests to refresh models.
 /// The cache will be treated as fresh (within TTL) and used instead of fetching from the network.

codex-rs/app-server/tests/suite/user_agent.rs

@@ -25,12 +25,13 @@ async fn get_user_agent_returns_current_codex_user_agent() -> Result<()> {
     .await??;
 
     let os_info = os_info::get();
+    let originator = codex_core::default_client::originator().value.as_str();
+    let os_type = os_info.os_type();
+    let os_version = os_info.version();
+    let architecture = os_info.architecture().unwrap_or("unknown");
+    let terminal_ua = codex_core::terminal::user_agent();
     let user_agent = format!(
-        "codex_cli_rs/0.0.0 ({} {}; {}) {} (codex-app-server-tests; 0.1.0)",
-        os_info.os_type(),
-        os_info.version(),
-        os_info.architecture().unwrap_or("unknown"),
-        codex_core::terminal::user_agent()
+        "{originator}/0.0.0 ({os_type} {os_version}; {architecture}) {terminal_ua} (codex-app-server-tests; 0.1.0)"
     );
 
     let received: GetUserAgentResponse = to_response(response)?;

codex-rs/app-server/tests/suite/v2/config_rpc.rs

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ use app_test_support::to_response;
 use codex_app_server_protocol::AskForApproval;
 use codex_app_server_protocol::ConfigBatchWriteParams;
 use codex_app_server_protocol::ConfigEdit;
-use codex_app_server_protocol::ConfigLayerName;
+use codex_app_server_protocol::ConfigLayerSource;
 use codex_app_server_protocol::ConfigReadParams;
 use codex_app_server_protocol::ConfigReadResponse;
 use codex_app_server_protocol::ConfigValueWriteParams;
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ use codex_app_server_protocol::RequestId;
 use codex_app_server_protocol::SandboxMode;
 use codex_app_server_protocol::ToolsV2;
 use codex_app_server_protocol::WriteStatus;
+use codex_utils_absolute_path::AbsolutePathBuf;
 use pretty_assertions::assert_eq;
 use serde_json::json;
 use tempfile::TempDir;
@@ -42,6 +43,8 @@ model = "gpt-user"
 sandbox_mode = "workspace-write"
 "#,
     )?;
+    let codex_home_path = codex_home.path().canonicalize()?;
+    let user_file = AbsolutePathBuf::try_from(codex_home_path.join("config.toml"))?;
 
     let mut mcp = McpProcess::new(codex_home.path()).await?;
     timeout(DEFAULT_READ_TIMEOUT, mcp.initialize()).await??;
@@ -65,12 +68,13 @@ sandbox_mode = "workspace-write"
     assert_eq!(config.model.as_deref(), Some("gpt-user"));
     assert_eq!(
         origins.get("model").expect("origin").name,
-        ConfigLayerName::User
+        ConfigLayerSource::User {
+            file: user_file.clone(),
+        }
     );
     let layers = layers.expect("layers present");
-    assert_eq!(layers.len(), 2);
-    assert_eq!(layers[0].name, ConfigLayerName::SessionFlags);
-    assert_eq!(layers[1].name, ConfigLayerName::User);
+    assert_eq!(layers.len(), 1);
+    assert_eq!(layers[0].name, ConfigLayerSource::User { file: user_file });
 
     Ok(())
 }
@@ -88,6 +92,8 @@ web_search = true
 view_image = false
 "#,
     )?;
+    let codex_home_path = codex_home.path().canonicalize()?;
+    let user_file = AbsolutePathBuf::try_from(codex_home_path.join("config.toml"))?;
 
     let mut mcp = McpProcess::new(codex_home.path()).await?;
     timeout(DEFAULT_READ_TIMEOUT, mcp.initialize()).await??;
@@ -118,17 +124,20 @@ view_image = false
     );
     assert_eq!(
         origins.get("tools.web_search").expect("origin").name,
-        ConfigLayerName::User
+        ConfigLayerSource::User {
+            file: user_file.clone(),
+        }
     );
     assert_eq!(
         origins.get("tools.view_image").expect("origin").name,
-        ConfigLayerName::User
+        ConfigLayerSource::User {
+            file: user_file.clone(),
+        }
     );
 
     let layers = layers.expect("layers present");
-    assert_eq!(layers.len(), 2);
-    assert_eq!(layers[0].name, ConfigLayerName::SessionFlags);
-    assert_eq!(layers[1].name, ConfigLayerName::User);
+    assert_eq!(layers.len(), 1);
+    assert_eq!(layers[0].name, ConfigLayerSource::User { file: user_file });
 
     Ok(())
 }
@@ -153,8 +162,11 @@ network_access = true
             serde_json::json!(user_dir)
         ),
     )?;
+    let codex_home_path = codex_home.path().canonicalize()?;
+    let user_file = AbsolutePathBuf::try_from(codex_home_path.join("config.toml"))?;
 
     let managed_path = codex_home.path().join("managed_config.toml");
+    let managed_file = AbsolutePathBuf::try_from(managed_path.clone())?;
     std::fs::write(
         &managed_path,
         format!(
@@ -197,19 +209,25 @@ writable_roots = [{}]
     assert_eq!(config.model.as_deref(), Some("gpt-system"));
     assert_eq!(
         origins.get("model").expect("origin").name,
-        ConfigLayerName::System
+        ConfigLayerSource::LegacyManagedConfigTomlFromFile {
+            file: managed_file.clone(),
+        }
     );
 
     assert_eq!(config.approval_policy, Some(AskForApproval::Never));
     assert_eq!(
         origins.get("approval_policy").expect("origin").name,
-        ConfigLayerName::System
+        ConfigLayerSource::LegacyManagedConfigTomlFromFile {
+            file: managed_file.clone(),
+        }
     );
 
     assert_eq!(config.sandbox_mode, Some(SandboxMode::WorkspaceWrite));
     assert_eq!(
         origins.get("sandbox_mode").expect("origin").name,
-        ConfigLayerName::User
+        ConfigLayerSource::User {
+            file: user_file.clone(),
+        }
     );
 
     let sandbox = config
@@ -222,7 +240,9 @@ writable_roots = [{}]
             .get("sandbox_workspace_write.writable_roots.0")
             .expect("origin")
             .name,
-        ConfigLayerName::System
+        ConfigLayerSource::LegacyManagedConfigTomlFromFile {
+            file: managed_file.clone(),
+        }
     );
 
     assert!(sandbox.network_access);
@@ -231,29 +251,34 @@ writable_roots = [{}]
             .get("sandbox_workspace_write.network_access")
             .expect("origin")
             .name,
-        ConfigLayerName::User
+        ConfigLayerSource::User {
+            file: user_file.clone(),
+        }
     );
 
     let layers = layers.expect("layers present");
-    assert_eq!(layers.len(), 3);
-    assert_eq!(layers[0].name, ConfigLayerName::System);
-    assert_eq!(layers[1].name, ConfigLayerName::SessionFlags);
-    assert_eq!(layers[2].name, ConfigLayerName::User);
+    assert_eq!(layers.len(), 2);
+    assert_eq!(
+        layers[0].name,
+        ConfigLayerSource::LegacyManagedConfigTomlFromFile { file: managed_file }
+    );
+    assert_eq!(layers[1].name, ConfigLayerSource::User { file: user_file });
 
     Ok(())
 }
 
 #[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread", worker_threads = 2)]
 async fn config_value_write_replaces_value() -> Result<()> {
-    let codex_home = TempDir::new()?;
+    let temp_dir = TempDir::new()?;
+    let codex_home = temp_dir.path().canonicalize()?;
     write_config(
-        &codex_home,
+        &temp_dir,
         r#"
 model = "gpt-old"
 "#,
     )?;
 
-    let mut mcp = McpProcess::new(codex_home.path()).await?;
+    let mut mcp = McpProcess::new(&codex_home).await?;
     timeout(DEFAULT_READ_TIMEOUT, mcp.initialize()).await??;
 
     let read_id = mcp
@@ -284,13 +309,7 @@ model = "gpt-old"
     )
     .await??;
     let write: ConfigWriteResponse = to_response(write_resp)?;
-    let expected_file_path = codex_home
-        .path()
-        .join("config.toml")
-        .canonicalize()
-        .unwrap()
-        .display()
-        .to_string();
+    let expected_file_path = AbsolutePathBuf::resolve_path_against_base("config.toml", codex_home)?;
 
     assert_eq!(write.status, WriteStatus::Ok);
     assert_eq!(write.file_path, expected_file_path);
@@ -353,16 +372,17 @@ model = "gpt-old"
 
 #[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread", worker_threads = 2)]
 async fn config_batch_write_applies_multiple_edits() -> Result<()> {
-    let codex_home = TempDir::new()?;
-    write_config(&codex_home, "")?;
+    let tmp_dir = TempDir::new()?;
+    let codex_home = tmp_dir.path().canonicalize()?;
+    write_config(&tmp_dir, "")?;
 
-    let mut mcp = McpProcess::new(codex_home.path()).await?;
+    let mut mcp = McpProcess::new(&codex_home).await?;
     timeout(DEFAULT_READ_TIMEOUT, mcp.initialize()).await??;
 
     let writable_root = test_tmp_path_buf();
     let batch_id = mcp
         .send_config_batch_write_request(ConfigBatchWriteParams {
-            file_path: Some(codex_home.path().join("config.toml").display().to_string()),
+            file_path: Some(codex_home.join("config.toml").display().to_string()),
             edits: vec![
                 ConfigEdit {
                     key_path: "sandbox_mode".to_string(),
@@ -388,13 +408,7 @@ async fn config_batch_write_applies_multiple_edits() -> Result<()> {
     .await??;
     let batch_write: ConfigWriteResponse = to_response(batch_resp)?;
     assert_eq!(batch_write.status, WriteStatus::Ok);
-    let expected_file_path = codex_home
-        .path()
-        .join("config.toml")
-        .canonicalize()
-        .unwrap()
-        .display()
-        .to_string();
+    let expected_file_path = AbsolutePathBuf::resolve_path_against_base("config.toml", codex_home)?;
     assert_eq!(batch_write.file_path, expected_file_path);
 
     let read_id = mcp

codex-rs/app-server/tests/suite/v2/model_list.rs

@@ -47,75 +47,6 @@ async fn list_models_returns_all_models_with_large_limit() -> Result<()> {
     } = to_response::<ModelListResponse>(response)?;
 
     let expected_models = vec![
-        Model {
-            id: "gpt-5.1-codex-max".to_string(),
-            model: "gpt-5.1-codex-max".to_string(),
-            display_name: "gpt-5.1-codex-max".to_string(),
-            description: "Latest Codex-optimized flagship for deep and fast reasoning.".to_string(),
-            supported_reasoning_efforts: vec![
-                ReasoningEffortOption {
-                    reasoning_effort: ReasoningEffort::Low,
-                    description: "Fast responses with lighter reasoning".to_string(),
-                },
-                ReasoningEffortOption {
-                    reasoning_effort: ReasoningEffort::Medium,
-                    description: "Balances speed and reasoning depth for everyday tasks"
-                        .to_string(),
-                },
-                ReasoningEffortOption {
-                    reasoning_effort: ReasoningEffort::High,
-                    description: "Greater reasoning depth for complex problems".to_string(),
-                },
-                ReasoningEffortOption {
-                    reasoning_effort: ReasoningEffort::XHigh,
-                    description: "Extra high reasoning depth for complex problems".to_string(),
-                },
-            ],
-            default_reasoning_effort: ReasoningEffort::Medium,
-            is_default: true,
-        },
-        Model {
-            id: "gpt-5.1-codex".to_string(),
-            model: "gpt-5.1-codex".to_string(),
-            display_name: "gpt-5.1-codex".to_string(),
-            description: "Optimized for codex.".to_string(),
-            supported_reasoning_efforts: vec![
-                ReasoningEffortOption {
-                    reasoning_effort: ReasoningEffort::Low,
-                    description: "Fastest responses with limited reasoning".to_string(),
-                },
-                ReasoningEffortOption {
-                    reasoning_effort: ReasoningEffort::Medium,
-                    description: "Dynamically adjusts reasoning based on the task".to_string(),
-                },
-                ReasoningEffortOption {
-                    reasoning_effort: ReasoningEffort::High,
-                    description: "Maximizes reasoning depth for complex or ambiguous problems"
-                        .to_string(),
-                },
-            ],
-            default_reasoning_effort: ReasoningEffort::Medium,
-            is_default: false,
-        },
-        Model {
-            id: "gpt-5.1-codex-mini".to_string(),
-            model: "gpt-5.1-codex-mini".to_string(),
-            display_name: "gpt-5.1-codex-mini".to_string(),
-            description: "Optimized for codex. Cheaper, faster, but less capable.".to_string(),
-            supported_reasoning_efforts: vec![
-                ReasoningEffortOption {
-                    reasoning_effort: ReasoningEffort::Medium,
-                    description: "Dynamically adjusts reasoning based on the task".to_string(),
-                },
-                ReasoningEffortOption {
-                    reasoning_effort: ReasoningEffort::High,
-                    description: "Maximizes reasoning depth for complex or ambiguous problems"
-                        .to_string(),
-                },
-            ],
-            default_reasoning_effort: ReasoningEffort::Medium,
-            is_default: false,
-        },
         Model {
             id: "gpt-5.2".to_string(),
             model: "gpt-5.2".to_string(),
@@ -138,7 +69,7 @@ async fn list_models_returns_all_models_with_large_limit() -> Result<()> {
                 },
                 ReasoningEffortOption {
                     reasoning_effort: ReasoningEffort::High,
-                    description: "Greater reasoning depth for complex or ambiguous problems"
+                    description: "Maximizes reasoning depth for complex or ambiguous problems"
                         .to_string(),
                 },
                 ReasoningEffortOption {
@@ -147,25 +78,17 @@ async fn list_models_returns_all_models_with_large_limit() -> Result<()> {
                 },
             ],
             default_reasoning_effort: ReasoningEffort::Medium,
-            is_default: false,
+            is_default: true,
         },
         Model {
-            id: "gpt-5.1".to_string(),
-            model: "gpt-5.1".to_string(),
-            display_name: "gpt-5.1".to_string(),
-            description: "Broad world knowledge with strong general reasoning.".to_string(),
+            id: "gpt-5.1-codex-mini".to_string(),
+            model: "gpt-5.1-codex-mini".to_string(),
+            display_name: "gpt-5.1-codex-mini".to_string(),
+            description: "Optimized for codex. Cheaper, faster, but less capable.".to_string(),
             supported_reasoning_efforts: vec![
-                ReasoningEffortOption {
-                    reasoning_effort: ReasoningEffort::Low,
-                    description: "Balances speed with some reasoning; useful for straightforward \
-                                   queries and short explanations"
-                        .to_string(),
-                },
                 ReasoningEffortOption {
                     reasoning_effort: ReasoningEffort::Medium,
-                    description: "Provides a solid balance of reasoning depth and latency for \
-                         general-purpose tasks"
-                        .to_string(),
+                    description: "Dynamically adjusts reasoning based on the task".to_string(),
                 },
                 ReasoningEffortOption {
                     reasoning_effort: ReasoningEffort::High,
@@ -176,6 +99,60 @@ async fn list_models_returns_all_models_with_large_limit() -> Result<()> {
             default_reasoning_effort: ReasoningEffort::Medium,
             is_default: false,
         },
+        Model {
+            id: "gpt-5.1-codex-max".to_string(),
+            model: "gpt-5.1-codex-max".to_string(),
+            display_name: "gpt-5.1-codex-max".to_string(),
+            description: "Codex-optimized flagship for deep and fast reasoning.".to_string(),
+            supported_reasoning_efforts: vec![
+                ReasoningEffortOption {
+                    reasoning_effort: ReasoningEffort::Low,
+                    description: "Fast responses with lighter reasoning".to_string(),
+                },
+                ReasoningEffortOption {
+                    reasoning_effort: ReasoningEffort::Medium,
+                    description: "Balances speed and reasoning depth for everyday tasks"
+                        .to_string(),
+                },
+                ReasoningEffortOption {
+                    reasoning_effort: ReasoningEffort::High,
+                    description: "Greater reasoning depth for complex problems".to_string(),
+                },
+                ReasoningEffortOption {
+                    reasoning_effort: ReasoningEffort::XHigh,
+                    description: "Extra high reasoning depth for complex problems".to_string(),
+                },
+            ],
+            default_reasoning_effort: ReasoningEffort::Medium,
+            is_default: false,
+        },
+        Model {
+            id: "gpt-5.2-codex".to_string(),
+            model: "gpt-5.2-codex".to_string(),
+            display_name: "gpt-5.2-codex".to_string(),
+            description: "Latest frontier agentic coding model.".to_string(),
+            supported_reasoning_efforts: vec![
+                ReasoningEffortOption {
+                    reasoning_effort: ReasoningEffort::Low,
+                    description: "Fast responses with lighter reasoning".to_string(),
+                },
+                ReasoningEffortOption {
+                    reasoning_effort: ReasoningEffort::Medium,
+                    description: "Balances speed and reasoning depth for everyday tasks"
+                        .to_string(),
+                },
+                ReasoningEffortOption {
+                    reasoning_effort: ReasoningEffort::High,
+                    description: "Greater reasoning depth for complex problems".to_string(),
+                },
+                ReasoningEffortOption {
+                    reasoning_effort: ReasoningEffort::XHigh,
+                    description: "Extra high reasoning depth for complex problems".to_string(),
+                },
+            ],
+            default_reasoning_effort: ReasoningEffort::Medium,
+            is_default: false,
+        },
     ];
 
     assert_eq!(items, expected_models);
@@ -210,7 +187,7 @@ async fn list_models_pagination_works() -> Result<()> {
     } = to_response::<ModelListResponse>(first_response)?;
 
     assert_eq!(first_items.len(), 1);
-    assert_eq!(first_items[0].id, "gpt-5.1-codex-max");
+    assert_eq!(first_items[0].id, "gpt-5.2");
     let next_cursor = first_cursor.ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("cursor for second page"))?;
 
     let second_request = mcp
@@ -232,7 +209,7 @@ async fn list_models_pagination_works() -> Result<()> {
     } = to_response::<ModelListResponse>(second_response)?;
 
     assert_eq!(second_items.len(), 1);
-    assert_eq!(second_items[0].id, "gpt-5.1-codex");
+    assert_eq!(second_items[0].id, "gpt-5.1-codex-mini");
     let third_cursor = second_cursor.ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("cursor for third page"))?;
 
     let third_request = mcp
@@ -254,7 +231,7 @@ async fn list_models_pagination_works() -> Result<()> {
     } = to_response::<ModelListResponse>(third_response)?;
 
     assert_eq!(third_items.len(), 1);
-    assert_eq!(third_items[0].id, "gpt-5.1-codex-mini");
+    assert_eq!(third_items[0].id, "gpt-5.1-codex-max");
     let fourth_cursor = third_cursor.ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("cursor for fourth page"))?;
 
     let fourth_request = mcp
@@ -276,30 +253,8 @@ async fn list_models_pagination_works() -> Result<()> {
     } = to_response::<ModelListResponse>(fourth_response)?;
 
     assert_eq!(fourth_items.len(), 1);
-    assert_eq!(fourth_items[0].id, "gpt-5.2");
-    let fifth_cursor = fourth_cursor.ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("cursor for fifth page"))?;
-
-    let fifth_request = mcp
-        .send_list_models_request(ModelListParams {
-            limit: Some(1),
-            cursor: Some(fifth_cursor.clone()),
-        })
-        .await?;
-
-    let fifth_response: JSONRPCResponse = timeout(
-        DEFAULT_TIMEOUT,
-        mcp.read_stream_until_response_message(RequestId::Integer(fifth_request)),
-    )
-    .await??;
-
-    let ModelListResponse {
-        data: fifth_items,
-        next_cursor: fifth_cursor,
-    } = to_response::<ModelListResponse>(fifth_response)?;
-
-    assert_eq!(fifth_items.len(), 1);
-    assert_eq!(fifth_items[0].id, "gpt-5.1");
-    assert!(fifth_cursor.is_none());
+    assert_eq!(fourth_items[0].id, "gpt-5.2-codex");
+    assert!(fourth_cursor.is_none());
     Ok(())
 }
 

codex-rs/apply-patch/src/invocation.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,813 @@
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::path::Path;
+use std::sync::LazyLock;
+
+use tree_sitter::Parser;
+use tree_sitter::Query;
+use tree_sitter::QueryCursor;
+use tree_sitter::StreamingIterator;
+use tree_sitter_bash::LANGUAGE as BASH;
+
+use crate::ApplyPatchAction;
+use crate::ApplyPatchArgs;
+use crate::ApplyPatchError;
+use crate::ApplyPatchFileChange;
+use crate::ApplyPatchFileUpdate;
+use crate::IoError;
+use crate::MaybeApplyPatchVerified;
+use crate::parser::Hunk;
+use crate::parser::ParseError;
+use crate::parser::parse_patch;
+use crate::unified_diff_from_chunks;
+use std::str::Utf8Error;
+use tree_sitter::LanguageError;
+
+const APPLY_PATCH_COMMANDS: [&str; 2] = ["apply_patch", "applypatch"];
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+enum ApplyPatchShell {
+    Unix,
+    PowerShell,
+    Cmd,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub enum MaybeApplyPatch {
+    Body(ApplyPatchArgs),
+    ShellParseError(ExtractHeredocError),
+    PatchParseError(ParseError),
+    NotApplyPatch,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub enum ExtractHeredocError {
+    CommandDidNotStartWithApplyPatch,
+    FailedToLoadBashGrammar(LanguageError),
+    HeredocNotUtf8(Utf8Error),
+    FailedToParsePatchIntoAst,
+    FailedToFindHeredocBody,
+}
+
+fn classify_shell_name(shell: &str) -> Option<String> {
+    std::path::Path::new(shell)
+        .file_stem()
+        .and_then(|name| name.to_str())
+        .map(str::to_ascii_lowercase)
+}
+
+fn classify_shell(shell: &str, flag: &str) -> Option<ApplyPatchShell> {
+    classify_shell_name(shell).and_then(|name| match name.as_str() {
+        "bash" | "zsh" | "sh" if matches!(flag, "-lc" | "-c") => Some(ApplyPatchShell::Unix),
+        "pwsh" | "powershell" if flag.eq_ignore_ascii_case("-command") => {
+            Some(ApplyPatchShell::PowerShell)
+        }
+        "cmd" if flag.eq_ignore_ascii_case("/c") => Some(ApplyPatchShell::Cmd),
+        _ => None,
+    })
+}
+
+fn can_skip_flag(shell: &str, flag: &str) -> bool {
+    classify_shell_name(shell).is_some_and(|name| {
+        matches!(name.as_str(), "pwsh" | "powershell") && flag.eq_ignore_ascii_case("-noprofile")
+    })
+}
+
+fn parse_shell_script(argv: &[String]) -> Option<(ApplyPatchShell, &str)> {
+    match argv {
+        [shell, flag, script] => classify_shell(shell, flag).map(|shell_type| {
+            let script = script.as_str();
+            (shell_type, script)
+        }),
+        [shell, skip_flag, flag, script] if can_skip_flag(shell, skip_flag) => {
+            classify_shell(shell, flag).map(|shell_type| {
+                let script = script.as_str();
+                (shell_type, script)
+            })
+        }
+        _ => None,
+    }
+}
+
+fn extract_apply_patch_from_shell(
+    shell: ApplyPatchShell,
+    script: &str,
+) -> std::result::Result<(String, Option<String>), ExtractHeredocError> {
+    match shell {
+        ApplyPatchShell::Unix | ApplyPatchShell::PowerShell | ApplyPatchShell::Cmd => {
+            extract_apply_patch_from_bash(script)
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// TODO: make private once we remove tests in lib.rs
+pub fn maybe_parse_apply_patch(argv: &[String]) -> MaybeApplyPatch {
+    match argv {
+        // Direct invocation: apply_patch <patch>
+        [cmd, body] if APPLY_PATCH_COMMANDS.contains(&cmd.as_str()) => match parse_patch(body) {
+            Ok(source) => MaybeApplyPatch::Body(source),
+            Err(e) => MaybeApplyPatch::PatchParseError(e),
+        },
+        // Shell heredoc form: (optional `cd <path> &&`) apply_patch <<'EOF' ...
+        _ => match parse_shell_script(argv) {
+            Some((shell, script)) => match extract_apply_patch_from_shell(shell, script) {
+                Ok((body, workdir)) => match parse_patch(&body) {
+                    Ok(mut source) => {
+                        source.workdir = workdir;
+                        MaybeApplyPatch::Body(source)
+                    }
+                    Err(e) => MaybeApplyPatch::PatchParseError(e),
+                },
+                Err(ExtractHeredocError::CommandDidNotStartWithApplyPatch) => {
+                    MaybeApplyPatch::NotApplyPatch
+                }
+                Err(e) => MaybeApplyPatch::ShellParseError(e),
+            },
+            None => MaybeApplyPatch::NotApplyPatch,
+        },
+    }
+}
+
+/// cwd must be an absolute path so that we can resolve relative paths in the
+/// patch.
+pub fn maybe_parse_apply_patch_verified(argv: &[String], cwd: &Path) -> MaybeApplyPatchVerified {
+    // Detect a raw patch body passed directly as the command or as the body of a shell
+    // script. In these cases, report an explicit error rather than applying the patch.
+    if let [body] = argv
+        && parse_patch(body).is_ok()
+    {
+        return MaybeApplyPatchVerified::CorrectnessError(ApplyPatchError::ImplicitInvocation);
+    }
+    if let Some((_, script)) = parse_shell_script(argv)
+        && parse_patch(script).is_ok()
+    {
+        return MaybeApplyPatchVerified::CorrectnessError(ApplyPatchError::ImplicitInvocation);
+    }
+
+    match maybe_parse_apply_patch(argv) {
+        MaybeApplyPatch::Body(ApplyPatchArgs {
+            patch,
+            hunks,
+            workdir,
+        }) => {
+            let effective_cwd = workdir
+                .as_ref()
+                .map(|dir| {
+                    let path = Path::new(dir);
+                    if path.is_absolute() {
+                        path.to_path_buf()
+                    } else {
+                        cwd.join(path)
+                    }
+                })
+                .unwrap_or_else(|| cwd.to_path_buf());
+            let mut changes = HashMap::new();
+            for hunk in hunks {
+                let path = hunk.resolve_path(&effective_cwd);
+                match hunk {
+                    Hunk::AddFile { contents, .. } => {
+                        changes.insert(path, ApplyPatchFileChange::Add { content: contents });
+                    }
+                    Hunk::DeleteFile { .. } => {
+                        let content = match std::fs::read_to_string(&path) {
+                            Ok(content) => content,
+                            Err(e) => {
+                                return MaybeApplyPatchVerified::CorrectnessError(
+                                    ApplyPatchError::IoError(IoError {
+                                        context: format!("Failed to read {}", path.display()),
+                                        source: e,
+                                    }),
+                                );
+                            }
+                        };
+                        changes.insert(path, ApplyPatchFileChange::Delete { content });
+                    }
+                    Hunk::UpdateFile {
+                        move_path, chunks, ..
+                    } => {
+                        let ApplyPatchFileUpdate {
+                            unified_diff,
+                            content: contents,
+                        } = match unified_diff_from_chunks(&path, &chunks) {
+                            Ok(diff) => diff,
+                            Err(e) => {
+                                return MaybeApplyPatchVerified::CorrectnessError(e);
+                            }
+                        };
+                        changes.insert(
+                            path,
+                            ApplyPatchFileChange::Update {
+                                unified_diff,
+                                move_path: move_path.map(|p| effective_cwd.join(p)),
+                                new_content: contents,
+                            },
+                        );
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            MaybeApplyPatchVerified::Body(ApplyPatchAction {
+                changes,
+                patch,
+                cwd: effective_cwd,
+            })
+        }
+        MaybeApplyPatch::ShellParseError(e) => MaybeApplyPatchVerified::ShellParseError(e),
+        MaybeApplyPatch::PatchParseError(e) => MaybeApplyPatchVerified::CorrectnessError(e.into()),
+        MaybeApplyPatch::NotApplyPatch => MaybeApplyPatchVerified::NotApplyPatch,
+    }
+}
+
+/// Extract the heredoc body (and optional `cd` workdir) from a `bash -lc` script
+/// that invokes the apply_patch tool using a heredoc.
+///
+/// Supported top‑level forms (must be the only top‑level statement):
+/// - `apply_patch <<'EOF'\n...\nEOF`
+/// - `cd <path> && apply_patch <<'EOF'\n...\nEOF`
+///
+/// Notes about matching:
+/// - Parsed with Tree‑sitter Bash and a strict query that uses anchors so the
+///   heredoc‑redirected statement is the only top‑level statement.
+/// - The connector between `cd` and `apply_patch` must be `&&` (not `|` or `||`).
+/// - Exactly one positional `word` argument is allowed for `cd` (no flags, no quoted
+///   strings, no second argument).
+/// - The apply command is validated in‑query via `#any-of?` to allow `apply_patch`
+///   or `applypatch`.
+/// - Preceding or trailing commands (e.g., `echo ...;` or `... && echo done`) do not match.
+///
+/// Returns `(heredoc_body, Some(path))` when the `cd` variant matches, or
+/// `(heredoc_body, None)` for the direct form. Errors are returned if the script
+/// cannot be parsed or does not match the allowed patterns.
+fn extract_apply_patch_from_bash(
+    src: &str,
+) -> std::result::Result<(String, Option<String>), ExtractHeredocError> {
+    // This function uses a Tree-sitter query to recognize one of two
+    // whole-script forms, each expressed as a single top-level statement:
+    //
+    // 1. apply_patch <<'EOF'\n...\nEOF
+    // 2. cd <path> && apply_patch <<'EOF'\n...\nEOF
+    //
+    // Key ideas when reading the query:
+    // - dots (`.`) between named nodes enforces adjacency among named children and
+    //   anchor to the start/end of the expression.
+    // - we match a single redirected_statement directly under program with leading
+    //   and trailing anchors (`.`). This ensures it is the only top-level statement
+    //   (so prefixes like `echo ...;` or suffixes like `... && echo done` do not match).
+    //
+    // Overall, we want to be conservative and only match the intended forms, as other
+    // forms are likely to be model errors, or incorrectly interpreted by later code.
+    //
+    // If you're editing this query, it's helpful to start by creating a debugging binary
+    // which will let you see the AST of an arbitrary bash script passed in, and optionally
+    // also run an arbitrary query against the AST. This is useful for understanding
+    // how tree-sitter parses the script and whether the query syntax is correct. Be sure
+    // to test both positive and negative cases.
+    static APPLY_PATCH_QUERY: LazyLock<Query> = LazyLock::new(|| {
+        let language = BASH.into();
+        #[expect(clippy::expect_used)]
+        Query::new(
+            &language,
+            r#"
+            (
+              program
+                . (redirected_statement
+                    body: (command
+                            name: (command_name (word) @apply_name) .)
+                    (#any-of? @apply_name "apply_patch" "applypatch")
+                    redirect: (heredoc_redirect
+                                . (heredoc_start)
+                                . (heredoc_body) @heredoc
+                                . (heredoc_end)
+                                .))
+                .)
+
+            (
+              program
+                . (redirected_statement
+                    body: (list
+                            . (command
+                                name: (command_name (word) @cd_name) .
+                                argument: [
+                                  (word) @cd_path
+                                  (string (string_content) @cd_path)
+                                  (raw_string) @cd_raw_string
+                                ] .)
+                            "&&"
+                            . (command
+                                name: (command_name (word) @apply_name))
+                            .)
+                    (#eq? @cd_name "cd")
+                    (#any-of? @apply_name "apply_patch" "applypatch")
+                    redirect: (heredoc_redirect
+                                . (heredoc_start)
+                                . (heredoc_body) @heredoc
+                                . (heredoc_end)
+                                .))
+                .)
+            "#,
+        )
+        .expect("valid bash query")
+    });
+
+    let lang = BASH.into();
+    let mut parser = Parser::new();
+    parser
+        .set_language(&lang)
+        .map_err(ExtractHeredocError::FailedToLoadBashGrammar)?;
+    let tree = parser
+        .parse(src, None)
+        .ok_or(ExtractHeredocError::FailedToParsePatchIntoAst)?;
+
+    let bytes = src.as_bytes();
+    let root = tree.root_node();
+
+    let mut cursor = QueryCursor::new();
+    let mut matches = cursor.matches(&APPLY_PATCH_QUERY, root, bytes);
+    while let Some(m) = matches.next() {
+        let mut heredoc_text: Option<String> = None;
+        let mut cd_path: Option<String> = None;
+
+        for capture in m.captures.iter() {
+            let name = APPLY_PATCH_QUERY.capture_names()[capture.index as usize];
+            match name {
+                "heredoc" => {
+                    let text = capture
+                        .node
+                        .utf8_text(bytes)
+                        .map_err(ExtractHeredocError::HeredocNotUtf8)?
+                        .trim_end_matches('\n')
+                        .to_string();
+                    heredoc_text = Some(text);
+                }
+                "cd_path" => {
+                    let text = capture
+                        .node
+                        .utf8_text(bytes)
+                        .map_err(ExtractHeredocError::HeredocNotUtf8)?
+                        .to_string();
+                    cd_path = Some(text);
+                }
+                "cd_raw_string" => {
+                    let raw = capture
+                        .node
+                        .utf8_text(bytes)
+                        .map_err(ExtractHeredocError::HeredocNotUtf8)?;
+                    let trimmed = raw
+                        .strip_prefix('\'')
+                        .and_then(|s| s.strip_suffix('\''))
+                        .unwrap_or(raw);
+                    cd_path = Some(trimmed.to_string());
+                }
+                _ => {}
+            }
+        }
+
+        if let Some(heredoc) = heredoc_text {
+            return Ok((heredoc, cd_path));
+        }
+    }
+
+    Err(ExtractHeredocError::CommandDidNotStartWithApplyPatch)
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use assert_matches::assert_matches;
+    use pretty_assertions::assert_eq;
+    use std::fs;
+    use std::path::PathBuf;
+    use std::string::ToString;
+    use tempfile::tempdir;
+
+    /// Helper to construct a patch with the given body.
+    fn wrap_patch(body: &str) -> String {
+        format!("*** Begin Patch\n{body}\n*** End Patch")
+    }
+
+    fn strs_to_strings(strs: &[&str]) -> Vec<String> {
+        strs.iter().map(ToString::to_string).collect()
+    }
+
+    // Test helpers to reduce repetition when building bash -lc heredoc scripts
+    fn args_bash(script: &str) -> Vec<String> {
+        strs_to_strings(&["bash", "-lc", script])
+    }
+
+    fn args_powershell(script: &str) -> Vec<String> {
+        strs_to_strings(&["powershell.exe", "-Command", script])
+    }
+
+    fn args_powershell_no_profile(script: &str) -> Vec<String> {
+        strs_to_strings(&["powershell.exe", "-NoProfile", "-Command", script])
+    }
+
+    fn args_pwsh(script: &str) -> Vec<String> {
+        strs_to_strings(&["pwsh", "-NoProfile", "-Command", script])
+    }
+
+    fn args_cmd(script: &str) -> Vec<String> {
+        strs_to_strings(&["cmd.exe", "/c", script])
+    }
+
+    fn heredoc_script(prefix: &str) -> String {
+        format!(
+            "{prefix}apply_patch <<'PATCH'\n*** Begin Patch\n*** Add File: foo\n+hi\n*** End Patch\nPATCH"
+        )
+    }
+
+    fn heredoc_script_ps(prefix: &str, suffix: &str) -> String {
+        format!(
+            "{prefix}apply_patch <<'PATCH'\n*** Begin Patch\n*** Add File: foo\n+hi\n*** End Patch\nPATCH{suffix}"
+        )
+    }
+
+    fn expected_single_add() -> Vec<Hunk> {
+        vec![Hunk::AddFile {
+            path: PathBuf::from("foo"),
+            contents: "hi\n".to_string(),
+        }]
+    }
+
+    fn assert_match_args(args: Vec<String>, expected_workdir: Option<&str>) {
+        match maybe_parse_apply_patch(&args) {
+            MaybeApplyPatch::Body(ApplyPatchArgs { hunks, workdir, .. }) => {
+                assert_eq!(workdir.as_deref(), expected_workdir);
+                assert_eq!(hunks, expected_single_add());
+            }
+            result => panic!("expected MaybeApplyPatch::Body got {result:?}"),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn assert_match(script: &str, expected_workdir: Option<&str>) {
+        let args = args_bash(script);
+        assert_match_args(args, expected_workdir);
+    }
+
+    fn assert_not_match(script: &str) {
+        let args = args_bash(script);
+        assert_matches!(
+            maybe_parse_apply_patch(&args),
+            MaybeApplyPatch::NotApplyPatch
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_implicit_patch_single_arg_is_error() {
+        let patch = "*** Begin Patch\n*** Add File: foo\n+hi\n*** End Patch".to_string();
+        let args = vec![patch];
+        let dir = tempdir().unwrap();
+        assert_matches!(
+            maybe_parse_apply_patch_verified(&args, dir.path()),
+            MaybeApplyPatchVerified::CorrectnessError(ApplyPatchError::ImplicitInvocation)
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_implicit_patch_bash_script_is_error() {
+        let script = "*** Begin Patch\n*** Add File: foo\n+hi\n*** End Patch";
+        let args = args_bash(script);
+        let dir = tempdir().unwrap();
+        assert_matches!(
+            maybe_parse_apply_patch_verified(&args, dir.path()),
+            MaybeApplyPatchVerified::CorrectnessError(ApplyPatchError::ImplicitInvocation)
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_literal() {
+        let args = strs_to_strings(&[
+            "apply_patch",
+            r#"*** Begin Patch
+*** Add File: foo
++hi
+*** End Patch
+"#,
+        ]);
+
+        match maybe_parse_apply_patch(&args) {
+            MaybeApplyPatch::Body(ApplyPatchArgs { hunks, .. }) => {
+                assert_eq!(
+                    hunks,
+                    vec![Hunk::AddFile {
+                        path: PathBuf::from("foo"),
+                        contents: "hi\n".to_string()
+                    }]
+                );
+            }
+            result => panic!("expected MaybeApplyPatch::Body got {result:?}"),
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_literal_applypatch() {
+        let args = strs_to_strings(&[
+            "applypatch",
+            r#"*** Begin Patch
+*** Add File: foo
++hi
+*** End Patch
+"#,
+        ]);
+
+        match maybe_parse_apply_patch(&args) {
+            MaybeApplyPatch::Body(ApplyPatchArgs { hunks, .. }) => {
+                assert_eq!(
+                    hunks,
+                    vec![Hunk::AddFile {
+                        path: PathBuf::from("foo"),
+                        contents: "hi\n".to_string()
+                    }]
+                );
+            }
+            result => panic!("expected MaybeApplyPatch::Body got {result:?}"),
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_heredoc() {
+        assert_match(&heredoc_script(""), None);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_heredoc_non_login_shell() {
+        let script = heredoc_script("");
+        let args = strs_to_strings(&["bash", "-c", &script]);
+        assert_match_args(args, None);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_heredoc_applypatch() {
+        let args = strs_to_strings(&[
+            "bash",
+            "-lc",
+            r#"applypatch <<'PATCH'
+*** Begin Patch
+*** Add File: foo
++hi
+*** End Patch
+PATCH"#,
+        ]);
+
+        match maybe_parse_apply_patch(&args) {
+            MaybeApplyPatch::Body(ApplyPatchArgs { hunks, workdir, .. }) => {
+                assert_eq!(workdir, None);
+                assert_eq!(
+                    hunks,
+                    vec![Hunk::AddFile {
+                        path: PathBuf::from("foo"),
+                        contents: "hi\n".to_string()
+                    }]
+                );
+            }
+            result => panic!("expected MaybeApplyPatch::Body got {result:?}"),
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_powershell_heredoc() {
+        let script = heredoc_script("");
+        assert_match_args(args_powershell(&script), None);
+    }
+    #[test]
+    fn test_powershell_heredoc_no_profile() {
+        let script = heredoc_script("");
+        assert_match_args(args_powershell_no_profile(&script), None);
+    }
+    #[test]
+    fn test_pwsh_heredoc() {
+        let script = heredoc_script("");
+        assert_match_args(args_pwsh(&script), None);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_cmd_heredoc_with_cd() {
+        let script = heredoc_script("cd foo && ");
+        assert_match_args(args_cmd(&script), Some("foo"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_heredoc_with_leading_cd() {
+        assert_match(&heredoc_script("cd foo && "), Some("foo"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_cd_with_semicolon_is_ignored() {
+        assert_not_match(&heredoc_script("cd foo; "));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_cd_or_apply_patch_is_ignored() {
+        assert_not_match(&heredoc_script("cd bar || "));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_cd_pipe_apply_patch_is_ignored() {
+        assert_not_match(&heredoc_script("cd bar | "));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_cd_single_quoted_path_with_spaces() {
+        assert_match(&heredoc_script("cd 'foo bar' && "), Some("foo bar"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_cd_double_quoted_path_with_spaces() {
+        assert_match(&heredoc_script("cd \"foo bar\" && "), Some("foo bar"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_echo_and_apply_patch_is_ignored() {
+        assert_not_match(&heredoc_script("echo foo && "));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_apply_patch_with_arg_is_ignored() {
+        let script = "apply_patch foo <<'PATCH'\n*** Begin Patch\n*** Add File: foo\n+hi\n*** End Patch\nPATCH";
+        assert_not_match(script);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_double_cd_then_apply_patch_is_ignored() {
+        assert_not_match(&heredoc_script("cd foo && cd bar && "));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_cd_two_args_is_ignored() {
+        assert_not_match(&heredoc_script("cd foo bar && "));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_cd_then_apply_patch_then_extra_is_ignored() {
+        let script = heredoc_script_ps("cd bar && ", " && echo done");
+        assert_not_match(&script);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_echo_then_cd_and_apply_patch_is_ignored() {
+        // Ensure preceding commands before the `cd && apply_patch <<...` sequence do not match.
+        assert_not_match(&heredoc_script("echo foo; cd bar && "));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_unified_diff_last_line_replacement() {
+        // Replace the very last line of the file.
+        let dir = tempdir().unwrap();
+        let path = dir.path().join("last.txt");
+        fs::write(&path, "foo\nbar\nbaz\n").unwrap();
+
+        let patch = wrap_patch(&format!(
+            r#"*** Update File: {}
+@@
+ foo
+ bar
+-baz
++BAZ
+"#,
+            path.display()
+        ));
+
+        let patch = parse_patch(&patch).unwrap();
+        let chunks = match patch.hunks.as_slice() {
+            [Hunk::UpdateFile { chunks, .. }] => chunks,
+            _ => panic!("Expected a single UpdateFile hunk"),
+        };
+
+        let diff = unified_diff_from_chunks(&path, chunks).unwrap();
+        let expected_diff = r#"@@ -2,2 +2,2 @@
+ bar
+-baz
++BAZ
+"#;
+        let expected = ApplyPatchFileUpdate {
+            unified_diff: expected_diff.to_string(),
+            content: "foo\nbar\nBAZ\n".to_string(),
+        };
+        assert_eq!(expected, diff);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_unified_diff_insert_at_eof() {
+        // Insert a new line at end‑of‑file.
+        let dir = tempdir().unwrap();
+        let path = dir.path().join("insert.txt");
+        fs::write(&path, "foo\nbar\nbaz\n").unwrap();
+
+        let patch = wrap_patch(&format!(
+            r#"*** Update File: {}
+@@
++quux
+*** End of File
+"#,
+            path.display()
+        ));
+
+        let patch = parse_patch(&patch).unwrap();
+        let chunks = match patch.hunks.as_slice() {
+            [Hunk::UpdateFile { chunks, .. }] => chunks,
+            _ => panic!("Expected a single UpdateFile hunk"),
+        };
+
+        let diff = unified_diff_from_chunks(&path, chunks).unwrap();
+        let expected_diff = r#"@@ -3 +3,2 @@
+ baz
++quux
+"#;
+        let expected = ApplyPatchFileUpdate {
+            unified_diff: expected_diff.to_string(),
+            content: "foo\nbar\nbaz\nquux\n".to_string(),
+        };
+        assert_eq!(expected, diff);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_apply_patch_should_resolve_absolute_paths_in_cwd() {
+        let session_dir = tempdir().unwrap();
+        let relative_path = "source.txt";
+
+        // Note that we need this file to exist for the patch to be "verified"
+        // and parsed correctly.
+        let session_file_path = session_dir.path().join(relative_path);
+        fs::write(&session_file_path, "session directory content\n").unwrap();
+
+        let argv = vec![
+            "apply_patch".to_string(),
+            r#"*** Begin Patch
+*** Update File: source.txt
+@@
+-session directory content
++updated session directory content
+*** End Patch"#
+                .to_string(),
+        ];
+
+        let result = maybe_parse_apply_patch_verified(&argv, session_dir.path());
+
+        // Verify the patch contents - as otherwise we may have pulled contents
+        // from the wrong file (as we're using relative paths)
+        assert_eq!(
+            result,
+            MaybeApplyPatchVerified::Body(ApplyPatchAction {
+                changes: HashMap::from([(
+                    session_dir.path().join(relative_path),
+                    ApplyPatchFileChange::Update {
+                        unified_diff: r#"@@ -1 +1 @@
+-session directory content
++updated session directory content
+"#
+                        .to_string(),
+                        move_path: None,
+                        new_content: "updated session directory content\n".to_string(),
+                    },
+                )]),
+                patch: argv[1].clone(),
+                cwd: session_dir.path().to_path_buf(),
+            })
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_apply_patch_resolves_move_path_with_effective_cwd() {
+        let session_dir = tempdir().unwrap();
+        let worktree_rel = "alt";
+        let worktree_dir = session_dir.path().join(worktree_rel);
+        fs::create_dir_all(&worktree_dir).unwrap();
+
+        let source_name = "old.txt";
+        let dest_name = "renamed.txt";
+        let source_path = worktree_dir.join(source_name);
+        fs::write(&source_path, "before\n").unwrap();
+
+        let patch = wrap_patch(&format!(
+            r#"*** Update File: {source_name}
+*** Move to: {dest_name}
+@@
+-before
++after"#
+        ));
+
+        let shell_script = format!("cd {worktree_rel} && apply_patch <<'PATCH'\n{patch}\nPATCH");
+        let argv = vec!["bash".into(), "-lc".into(), shell_script];
+
+        let result = maybe_parse_apply_patch_verified(&argv, session_dir.path());
+        let action = match result {
+            MaybeApplyPatchVerified::Body(action) => action,
+            other => panic!("expected verified body, got {other:?}"),
+        };
+
+        assert_eq!(action.cwd, worktree_dir);
+
+        let change = action
+            .changes()
+            .get(&worktree_dir.join(source_name))
+            .expect("source file change present");
+
+        match change {
+            ApplyPatchFileChange::Update { move_path, .. } => {
+                assert_eq!(
+                    move_path.as_deref(),
+                    Some(worktree_dir.join(dest_name).as_path())
+                );
+            }
+            other => panic!("expected update change, got {other:?}"),
+        }
+    }
+}

codex-rs/apply-patch/src/lib.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+mod invocation;
 mod parser;
 mod seek_sequence;
 mod standalone_executable;
@@ -5,8 +6,6 @@ mod standalone_executable;
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::path::Path;
 use std::path::PathBuf;
-use std::str::Utf8Error;
-use std::sync::LazyLock;
 
 use anyhow::Context;
 use anyhow::Result;
@@ -17,27 +16,15 @@ use parser::UpdateFileChunk;
 pub use parser::parse_patch;
 use similar::TextDiff;
 use thiserror::Error;
-use tree_sitter::LanguageError;
-use tree_sitter::Parser;
-use tree_sitter::Query;
-use tree_sitter::QueryCursor;
-use tree_sitter::StreamingIterator;
-use tree_sitter_bash::LANGUAGE as BASH;
 
+pub use invocation::maybe_parse_apply_patch_verified;
 pub use standalone_executable::main;
 
+use crate::invocation::ExtractHeredocError;
+
 /// Detailed instructions for gpt-4.1 on how to use the `apply_patch` tool.
 pub const APPLY_PATCH_TOOL_INSTRUCTIONS: &str = include_str!("../apply_patch_tool_instructions.md");
 
-const APPLY_PATCH_COMMANDS: [&str; 2] = ["apply_patch", "applypatch"];
-
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
-enum ApplyPatchShell {
-    Unix,
-    PowerShell,
-    Cmd,
-}
-
 #[derive(Debug, Error, PartialEq)]
 pub enum ApplyPatchError {
     #[error(transparent)]
@@ -86,14 +73,6 @@ impl PartialEq for IoError {
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
-pub enum MaybeApplyPatch {
-    Body(ApplyPatchArgs),
-    ShellParseError(ExtractHeredocError),
-    PatchParseError(ParseError),
-    NotApplyPatch,
-}
-
 /// Both the raw PATCH argument to `apply_patch` as well as the PATCH argument
 /// parsed into hunks.
 #[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
@@ -103,84 +82,6 @@ pub struct ApplyPatchArgs {
     pub workdir: Option<String>,
 }
 
-fn classify_shell_name(shell: &str) -> Option<String> {
-    std::path::Path::new(shell)
-        .file_stem()
-        .and_then(|name| name.to_str())
-        .map(str::to_ascii_lowercase)
-}
-
-fn classify_shell(shell: &str, flag: &str) -> Option<ApplyPatchShell> {
-    classify_shell_name(shell).and_then(|name| match name.as_str() {
-        "bash" | "zsh" | "sh" if matches!(flag, "-lc" | "-c") => Some(ApplyPatchShell::Unix),
-        "pwsh" | "powershell" if flag.eq_ignore_ascii_case("-command") => {
-            Some(ApplyPatchShell::PowerShell)
-        }
-        "cmd" if flag.eq_ignore_ascii_case("/c") => Some(ApplyPatchShell::Cmd),
-        _ => None,
-    })
-}
-
-fn can_skip_flag(shell: &str, flag: &str) -> bool {
-    classify_shell_name(shell).is_some_and(|name| {
-        matches!(name.as_str(), "pwsh" | "powershell") && flag.eq_ignore_ascii_case("-noprofile")
-    })
-}
-
-fn parse_shell_script(argv: &[String]) -> Option<(ApplyPatchShell, &str)> {
-    match argv {
-        [shell, flag, script] => classify_shell(shell, flag).map(|shell_type| {
-            let script = script.as_str();
-            (shell_type, script)
-        }),
-        [shell, skip_flag, flag, script] if can_skip_flag(shell, skip_flag) => {
-            classify_shell(shell, flag).map(|shell_type| {
-                let script = script.as_str();
-                (shell_type, script)
-            })
-        }
-        _ => None,
-    }
-}
-
-fn extract_apply_patch_from_shell(
-    shell: ApplyPatchShell,
-    script: &str,
-) -> std::result::Result<(String, Option<String>), ExtractHeredocError> {
-    match shell {
-        ApplyPatchShell::Unix | ApplyPatchShell::PowerShell | ApplyPatchShell::Cmd => {
-            extract_apply_patch_from_bash(script)
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-pub fn maybe_parse_apply_patch(argv: &[String]) -> MaybeApplyPatch {
-    match argv {
-        // Direct invocation: apply_patch <patch>
-        [cmd, body] if APPLY_PATCH_COMMANDS.contains(&cmd.as_str()) => match parse_patch(body) {
-            Ok(source) => MaybeApplyPatch::Body(source),
-            Err(e) => MaybeApplyPatch::PatchParseError(e),
-        },
-        // Shell heredoc form: (optional `cd <path> &&`) apply_patch <<'EOF' ...
-        _ => match parse_shell_script(argv) {
-            Some((shell, script)) => match extract_apply_patch_from_shell(shell, script) {
-                Ok((body, workdir)) => match parse_patch(&body) {
-                    Ok(mut source) => {
-                        source.workdir = workdir;
-                        MaybeApplyPatch::Body(source)
-                    }
-                    Err(e) => MaybeApplyPatch::PatchParseError(e),
-                },
-                Err(ExtractHeredocError::CommandDidNotStartWithApplyPatch) => {
-                    MaybeApplyPatch::NotApplyPatch
-                }
-                Err(e) => MaybeApplyPatch::ShellParseError(e),
-            },
-            None => MaybeApplyPatch::NotApplyPatch,
-        },
-    }
-}
-
 #[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
 pub enum ApplyPatchFileChange {
     Add {
@@ -269,256 +170,6 @@ impl ApplyPatchAction {
     }
 }
 
-/// cwd must be an absolute path so that we can resolve relative paths in the
-/// patch.
-pub fn maybe_parse_apply_patch_verified(argv: &[String], cwd: &Path) -> MaybeApplyPatchVerified {
-    // Detect a raw patch body passed directly as the command or as the body of a shell
-    // script. In these cases, report an explicit error rather than applying the patch.
-    if let [body] = argv
-        && parse_patch(body).is_ok()
-    {
-        return MaybeApplyPatchVerified::CorrectnessError(ApplyPatchError::ImplicitInvocation);
-    }
-    if let Some((_, script)) = parse_shell_script(argv)
-        && parse_patch(script).is_ok()
-    {
-        return MaybeApplyPatchVerified::CorrectnessError(ApplyPatchError::ImplicitInvocation);
-    }
-
-    match maybe_parse_apply_patch(argv) {
-        MaybeApplyPatch::Body(ApplyPatchArgs {
-            patch,
-            hunks,
-            workdir,
-        }) => {
-            let effective_cwd = workdir
-                .as_ref()
-                .map(|dir| {
-                    let path = Path::new(dir);
-                    if path.is_absolute() {
-                        path.to_path_buf()
-                    } else {
-                        cwd.join(path)
-                    }
-                })
-                .unwrap_or_else(|| cwd.to_path_buf());
-            let mut changes = HashMap::new();
-            for hunk in hunks {
-                let path = hunk.resolve_path(&effective_cwd);
-                match hunk {
-                    Hunk::AddFile { contents, .. } => {
-                        changes.insert(path, ApplyPatchFileChange::Add { content: contents });
-                    }
-                    Hunk::DeleteFile { .. } => {
-                        let content = match std::fs::read_to_string(&path) {
-                            Ok(content) => content,
-                            Err(e) => {
-                                return MaybeApplyPatchVerified::CorrectnessError(
-                                    ApplyPatchError::IoError(IoError {
-                                        context: format!("Failed to read {}", path.display()),
-                                        source: e,
-                                    }),
-                                );
-                            }
-                        };
-                        changes.insert(path, ApplyPatchFileChange::Delete { content });
-                    }
-                    Hunk::UpdateFile {
-                        move_path, chunks, ..
-                    } => {
-                        let ApplyPatchFileUpdate {
-                            unified_diff,
-                            content: contents,
-                        } = match unified_diff_from_chunks(&path, &chunks) {
-                            Ok(diff) => diff,
-                            Err(e) => {
-                                return MaybeApplyPatchVerified::CorrectnessError(e);
-                            }
-                        };
-                        changes.insert(
-                            path,
-                            ApplyPatchFileChange::Update {
-                                unified_diff,
-                                move_path: move_path.map(|p| effective_cwd.join(p)),
-                                new_content: contents,
-                            },
-                        );
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            MaybeApplyPatchVerified::Body(ApplyPatchAction {
-                changes,
-                patch,
-                cwd: effective_cwd,
-            })
-        }
-        MaybeApplyPatch::ShellParseError(e) => MaybeApplyPatchVerified::ShellParseError(e),
-        MaybeApplyPatch::PatchParseError(e) => MaybeApplyPatchVerified::CorrectnessError(e.into()),
-        MaybeApplyPatch::NotApplyPatch => MaybeApplyPatchVerified::NotApplyPatch,
-    }
-}
-
-/// Extract the heredoc body (and optional `cd` workdir) from a `bash -lc` script
-/// that invokes the apply_patch tool using a heredoc.
-///
-/// Supported top‑level forms (must be the only top‑level statement):
-/// - `apply_patch <<'EOF'\n...\nEOF`
-/// - `cd <path> && apply_patch <<'EOF'\n...\nEOF`
-///
-/// Notes about matching:
-/// - Parsed with Tree‑sitter Bash and a strict query that uses anchors so the
-///   heredoc‑redirected statement is the only top‑level statement.
-/// - The connector between `cd` and `apply_patch` must be `&&` (not `|` or `||`).
-/// - Exactly one positional `word` argument is allowed for `cd` (no flags, no quoted
-///   strings, no second argument).
-/// - The apply command is validated in‑query via `#any-of?` to allow `apply_patch`
-///   or `applypatch`.
-/// - Preceding or trailing commands (e.g., `echo ...;` or `... && echo done`) do not match.
-///
-/// Returns `(heredoc_body, Some(path))` when the `cd` variant matches, or
-/// `(heredoc_body, None)` for the direct form. Errors are returned if the script
-/// cannot be parsed or does not match the allowed patterns.
-fn extract_apply_patch_from_bash(
-    src: &str,
-) -> std::result::Result<(String, Option<String>), ExtractHeredocError> {
-    // This function uses a Tree-sitter query to recognize one of two
-    // whole-script forms, each expressed as a single top-level statement:
-    //
-    // 1. apply_patch <<'EOF'\n...\nEOF
-    // 2. cd <path> && apply_patch <<'EOF'\n...\nEOF
-    //
-    // Key ideas when reading the query:
-    // - dots (`.`) between named nodes enforces adjacency among named children and
-    //   anchor to the start/end of the expression.
-    // - we match a single redirected_statement directly under program with leading
-    //   and trailing anchors (`.`). This ensures it is the only top-level statement
-    //   (so prefixes like `echo ...;` or suffixes like `... && echo done` do not match).
-    //
-    // Overall, we want to be conservative and only match the intended forms, as other
-    // forms are likely to be model errors, or incorrectly interpreted by later code.
-    //
-    // If you're editing this query, it's helpful to start by creating a debugging binary
-    // which will let you see the AST of an arbitrary bash script passed in, and optionally
-    // also run an arbitrary query against the AST. This is useful for understanding
-    // how tree-sitter parses the script and whether the query syntax is correct. Be sure
-    // to test both positive and negative cases.
-    static APPLY_PATCH_QUERY: LazyLock<Query> = LazyLock::new(|| {
-        let language = BASH.into();
-        #[expect(clippy::expect_used)]
-        Query::new(
-            &language,
-            r#"
-            (
-              program
-                . (redirected_statement
-                    body: (command
-                            name: (command_name (word) @apply_name) .)
-                    (#any-of? @apply_name "apply_patch" "applypatch")
-                    redirect: (heredoc_redirect
-                                . (heredoc_start)
-                                . (heredoc_body) @heredoc
-                                . (heredoc_end)
-                                .))
-                .)
-
-            (
-              program
-                . (redirected_statement
-                    body: (list
-                            . (command
-                                name: (command_name (word) @cd_name) .
-                                argument: [
-                                  (word) @cd_path
-                                  (string (string_content) @cd_path)
-                                  (raw_string) @cd_raw_string
-                                ] .)
-                            "&&"
-                            . (command
-                                name: (command_name (word) @apply_name))
-                            .)
-                    (#eq? @cd_name "cd")
-                    (#any-of? @apply_name "apply_patch" "applypatch")
-                    redirect: (heredoc_redirect
-                                . (heredoc_start)
-                                . (heredoc_body) @heredoc
-                                . (heredoc_end)
-                                .))
-                .)
-            "#,
-        )
-        .expect("valid bash query")
-    });
-
-    let lang = BASH.into();
-    let mut parser = Parser::new();
-    parser
-        .set_language(&lang)
-        .map_err(ExtractHeredocError::FailedToLoadBashGrammar)?;
-    let tree = parser
-        .parse(src, None)
-        .ok_or(ExtractHeredocError::FailedToParsePatchIntoAst)?;
-
-    let bytes = src.as_bytes();
-    let root = tree.root_node();
-
-    let mut cursor = QueryCursor::new();
-    let mut matches = cursor.matches(&APPLY_PATCH_QUERY, root, bytes);
-    while let Some(m) = matches.next() {
-        let mut heredoc_text: Option<String> = None;
-        let mut cd_path: Option<String> = None;
-
-        for capture in m.captures.iter() {
-            let name = APPLY_PATCH_QUERY.capture_names()[capture.index as usize];
-            match name {
-                "heredoc" => {
-                    let text = capture
-                        .node
-                        .utf8_text(bytes)
-                        .map_err(ExtractHeredocError::HeredocNotUtf8)?
-                        .trim_end_matches('\n')
-                        .to_string();
-                    heredoc_text = Some(text);
-                }
-                "cd_path" => {
-                    let text = capture
-                        .node
-                        .utf8_text(bytes)
-                        .map_err(ExtractHeredocError::HeredocNotUtf8)?
-                        .to_string();
-                    cd_path = Some(text);
-                }
-                "cd_raw_string" => {
-                    let raw = capture
-                        .node
-                        .utf8_text(bytes)
-                        .map_err(ExtractHeredocError::HeredocNotUtf8)?;
-                    let trimmed = raw
-                        .strip_prefix('\'')
-                        .and_then(|s| s.strip_suffix('\''))
-                        .unwrap_or(raw);
-                    cd_path = Some(trimmed.to_string());
-                }
-                _ => {}
-            }
-        }
-
-        if let Some(heredoc) = heredoc_text {
-            return Ok((heredoc, cd_path));
-        }
-    }
-
-    Err(ExtractHeredocError::CommandDidNotStartWithApplyPatch)
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
-pub enum ExtractHeredocError {
-    CommandDidNotStartWithApplyPatch,
-    FailedToLoadBashGrammar(LanguageError),
-    HeredocNotUtf8(Utf8Error),
-    FailedToParsePatchIntoAst,
-    FailedToFindHeredocBody,
-}
-
 /// Applies the patch and prints the result to stdout/stderr.
 pub fn apply_patch(
     patch: &str,
@@ -894,7 +545,6 @@ pub fn print_summary(
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
-    use assert_matches::assert_matches;
     use pretty_assertions::assert_eq;
     use std::fs;
     use std::string::ToString;
@@ -905,270 +555,6 @@ mod tests {
         format!("*** Begin Patch\n{body}\n*** End Patch")
     }
 
-    fn strs_to_strings(strs: &[&str]) -> Vec<String> {
-        strs.iter().map(ToString::to_string).collect()
-    }
-
-    // Test helpers to reduce repetition when building bash -lc heredoc scripts
-    fn args_bash(script: &str) -> Vec<String> {
-        strs_to_strings(&["bash", "-lc", script])
-    }
-
-    fn args_powershell(script: &str) -> Vec<String> {
-        strs_to_strings(&["powershell.exe", "-Command", script])
-    }
-
-    fn args_powershell_no_profile(script: &str) -> Vec<String> {
-        strs_to_strings(&["powershell.exe", "-NoProfile", "-Command", script])
-    }
-
-    fn args_pwsh(script: &str) -> Vec<String> {
-        strs_to_strings(&["pwsh", "-NoProfile", "-Command", script])
-    }
-
-    fn args_cmd(script: &str) -> Vec<String> {
-        strs_to_strings(&["cmd.exe", "/c", script])
-    }
-
-    fn heredoc_script(prefix: &str) -> String {
-        format!(
-            "{prefix}apply_patch <<'PATCH'\n*** Begin Patch\n*** Add File: foo\n+hi\n*** End Patch\nPATCH"
-        )
-    }
-
-    fn heredoc_script_ps(prefix: &str, suffix: &str) -> String {
-        format!(
-            "{prefix}apply_patch <<'PATCH'\n*** Begin Patch\n*** Add File: foo\n+hi\n*** End Patch\nPATCH{suffix}"
-        )
-    }
-
-    fn expected_single_add() -> Vec<Hunk> {
-        vec![Hunk::AddFile {
-            path: PathBuf::from("foo"),
-            contents: "hi\n".to_string(),
-        }]
-    }
-
-    fn assert_match_args(args: Vec<String>, expected_workdir: Option<&str>) {
-        match maybe_parse_apply_patch(&args) {
-            MaybeApplyPatch::Body(ApplyPatchArgs { hunks, workdir, .. }) => {
-                assert_eq!(workdir.as_deref(), expected_workdir);
-                assert_eq!(hunks, expected_single_add());
-            }
-            result => panic!("expected MaybeApplyPatch::Body got {result:?}"),
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn assert_match(script: &str, expected_workdir: Option<&str>) {
-        let args = args_bash(script);
-        assert_match_args(args, expected_workdir);
-    }
-
-    fn assert_not_match(script: &str) {
-        let args = args_bash(script);
-        assert_matches!(
-            maybe_parse_apply_patch(&args),
-            MaybeApplyPatch::NotApplyPatch
-        );
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_implicit_patch_single_arg_is_error() {
-        let patch = "*** Begin Patch\n*** Add File: foo\n+hi\n*** End Patch".to_string();
-        let args = vec![patch];
-        let dir = tempdir().unwrap();
-        assert_matches!(
-            maybe_parse_apply_patch_verified(&args, dir.path()),
-            MaybeApplyPatchVerified::CorrectnessError(ApplyPatchError::ImplicitInvocation)
-        );
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_implicit_patch_bash_script_is_error() {
-        let script = "*** Begin Patch\n*** Add File: foo\n+hi\n*** End Patch";
-        let args = args_bash(script);
-        let dir = tempdir().unwrap();
-        assert_matches!(
-            maybe_parse_apply_patch_verified(&args, dir.path()),
-            MaybeApplyPatchVerified::CorrectnessError(ApplyPatchError::ImplicitInvocation)
-        );
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_literal() {
-        let args = strs_to_strings(&[
-            "apply_patch",
-            r#"*** Begin Patch
-*** Add File: foo
-+hi
-*** End Patch
-"#,
-        ]);
-
-        match maybe_parse_apply_patch(&args) {
-            MaybeApplyPatch::Body(ApplyPatchArgs { hunks, .. }) => {
-                assert_eq!(
-                    hunks,
-                    vec![Hunk::AddFile {
-                        path: PathBuf::from("foo"),
-                        contents: "hi\n".to_string()
-                    }]
-                );
-            }
-            result => panic!("expected MaybeApplyPatch::Body got {result:?}"),
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_literal_applypatch() {
-        let args = strs_to_strings(&[
-            "applypatch",
-            r#"*** Begin Patch
-*** Add File: foo
-+hi
-*** End Patch
-"#,
-        ]);
-
-        match maybe_parse_apply_patch(&args) {
-            MaybeApplyPatch::Body(ApplyPatchArgs { hunks, .. }) => {
-                assert_eq!(
-                    hunks,
-                    vec![Hunk::AddFile {
-                        path: PathBuf::from("foo"),
-                        contents: "hi\n".to_string()
-                    }]
-                );
-            }
-            result => panic!("expected MaybeApplyPatch::Body got {result:?}"),
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_heredoc() {
-        assert_match(&heredoc_script(""), None);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_heredoc_non_login_shell() {
-        let script = heredoc_script("");
-        let args = strs_to_strings(&["bash", "-c", &script]);
-        assert_match_args(args, None);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_heredoc_applypatch() {
-        let args = strs_to_strings(&[
-            "bash",
-            "-lc",
-            r#"applypatch <<'PATCH'
-*** Begin Patch
-*** Add File: foo
-+hi
-*** End Patch
-PATCH"#,
-        ]);
-
-        match maybe_parse_apply_patch(&args) {
-            MaybeApplyPatch::Body(ApplyPatchArgs { hunks, workdir, .. }) => {
-                assert_eq!(workdir, None);
-                assert_eq!(
-                    hunks,
-                    vec![Hunk::AddFile {
-                        path: PathBuf::from("foo"),
-                        contents: "hi\n".to_string()
-                    }]
-                );
-            }
-            result => panic!("expected MaybeApplyPatch::Body got {result:?}"),
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_powershell_heredoc() {
-        let script = heredoc_script("");
-        assert_match_args(args_powershell(&script), None);
-    }
-    #[test]
-    fn test_powershell_heredoc_no_profile() {
-        let script = heredoc_script("");
-        assert_match_args(args_powershell_no_profile(&script), None);
-    }
-    #[test]
-    fn test_pwsh_heredoc() {
-        let script = heredoc_script("");
-        assert_match_args(args_pwsh(&script), None);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_cmd_heredoc_with_cd() {
-        let script = heredoc_script("cd foo && ");
-        assert_match_args(args_cmd(&script), Some("foo"));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_heredoc_with_leading_cd() {
-        assert_match(&heredoc_script("cd foo && "), Some("foo"));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_cd_with_semicolon_is_ignored() {
-        assert_not_match(&heredoc_script("cd foo; "));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_cd_or_apply_patch_is_ignored() {
-        assert_not_match(&heredoc_script("cd bar || "));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_cd_pipe_apply_patch_is_ignored() {
-        assert_not_match(&heredoc_script("cd bar | "));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_cd_single_quoted_path_with_spaces() {
-        assert_match(&heredoc_script("cd 'foo bar' && "), Some("foo bar"));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_cd_double_quoted_path_with_spaces() {
-        assert_match(&heredoc_script("cd \"foo bar\" && "), Some("foo bar"));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_echo_and_apply_patch_is_ignored() {
-        assert_not_match(&heredoc_script("echo foo && "));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_apply_patch_with_arg_is_ignored() {
-        let script = "apply_patch foo <<'PATCH'\n*** Begin Patch\n*** Add File: foo\n+hi\n*** End Patch\nPATCH";
-        assert_not_match(script);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_double_cd_then_apply_patch_is_ignored() {
-        assert_not_match(&heredoc_script("cd foo && cd bar && "));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_cd_two_args_is_ignored() {
-        assert_not_match(&heredoc_script("cd foo bar && "));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_cd_then_apply_patch_then_extra_is_ignored() {
-        let script = heredoc_script_ps("cd bar && ", " && echo done");
-        assert_not_match(&script);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_echo_then_cd_and_apply_patch_is_ignored() {
-        // Ensure preceding commands before the `cd && apply_patch <<...` sequence do not match.
-        assert_not_match(&heredoc_script("echo foo; cd bar && "));
-    }
-
     #[test]
     fn test_add_file_hunk_creates_file_with_contents() {
         let dir = tempdir().unwrap();
@@ -1657,99 +1043,6 @@ g
         );
     }
 
-    #[test]
-    fn test_apply_patch_should_resolve_absolute_paths_in_cwd() {
-        let session_dir = tempdir().unwrap();
-        let relative_path = "source.txt";
-
-        // Note that we need this file to exist for the patch to be "verified"
-        // and parsed correctly.
-        let session_file_path = session_dir.path().join(relative_path);
-        fs::write(&session_file_path, "session directory content\n").unwrap();
-
-        let argv = vec![
-            "apply_patch".to_string(),
-            r#"*** Begin Patch
-*** Update File: source.txt
-@@
--session directory content
-+updated session directory content
-*** End Patch"#
-                .to_string(),
-        ];
-
-        let result = maybe_parse_apply_patch_verified(&argv, session_dir.path());
-
-        // Verify the patch contents - as otherwise we may have pulled contents
-        // from the wrong file (as we're using relative paths)
-        assert_eq!(
-            result,
-            MaybeApplyPatchVerified::Body(ApplyPatchAction {
-                changes: HashMap::from([(
-                    session_dir.path().join(relative_path),
-                    ApplyPatchFileChange::Update {
-                        unified_diff: r#"@@ -1 +1 @@
--session directory content
-+updated session directory content
-"#
-                        .to_string(),
-                        move_path: None,
-                        new_content: "updated session directory content\n".to_string(),
-                    },
-                )]),
-                patch: argv[1].clone(),
-                cwd: session_dir.path().to_path_buf(),
-            })
-        );
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_apply_patch_resolves_move_path_with_effective_cwd() {
-        let session_dir = tempdir().unwrap();
-        let worktree_rel = "alt";
-        let worktree_dir = session_dir.path().join(worktree_rel);
-        fs::create_dir_all(&worktree_dir).unwrap();
-
-        let source_name = "old.txt";
-        let dest_name = "renamed.txt";
-        let source_path = worktree_dir.join(source_name);
-        fs::write(&source_path, "before\n").unwrap();
-
-        let patch = wrap_patch(&format!(
-            r#"*** Update File: {source_name}
-*** Move to: {dest_name}
-@@
--before
-+after"#
-        ));
-
-        let shell_script = format!("cd {worktree_rel} && apply_patch <<'PATCH'\n{patch}\nPATCH");
-        let argv = vec!["bash".into(), "-lc".into(), shell_script];
-
-        let result = maybe_parse_apply_patch_verified(&argv, session_dir.path());
-        let action = match result {
-            MaybeApplyPatchVerified::Body(action) => action,
-            other => panic!("expected verified body, got {other:?}"),
-        };
-
-        assert_eq!(action.cwd, worktree_dir);
-
-        let change = action
-            .changes()
-            .get(&worktree_dir.join(source_name))
-            .expect("source file change present");
-
-        match change {
-            ApplyPatchFileChange::Update { move_path, .. } => {
-                assert_eq!(
-                    move_path.as_deref(),
-                    Some(worktree_dir.join(dest_name).as_path())
-                );
-            }
-            other => panic!("expected update change, got {other:?}"),
-        }
-    }
-
     #[test]
     fn test_apply_patch_fails_on_write_error() {
         let dir = tempdir().unwrap();

codex-rs/apply-patch/tests/fixtures/scenarios/005_rejects_empty_patch/expected/foo.txt

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+stable

codex-rs/apply-patch/tests/fixtures/scenarios/005_rejects_empty_patch/input/foo.txt

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+stable

codex-rs/apply-patch/tests/fixtures/scenarios/007_rejects_missing_file_delete/expected/foo.txt

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+stable

codex-rs/apply-patch/tests/fixtures/scenarios/007_rejects_missing_file_delete/input/foo.txt

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+stable

codex-rs/apply-patch/tests/fixtures/scenarios/008_rejects_empty_update_hunk/expected/foo.txt

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+stable

codex-rs/apply-patch/tests/fixtures/scenarios/008_rejects_empty_update_hunk/input/foo.txt

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+stable

codex-rs/apply-patch/tests/fixtures/scenarios/009_requires_existing_file_for_update/expected/foo.txt

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+stable

codex-rs/apply-patch/tests/fixtures/scenarios/009_requires_existing_file_for_update/input/foo.txt

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+stable

codex-rs/apply-patch/tests/fixtures/scenarios/012_delete_directory_fails/expected/dir/foo.txt

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+stable

codex-rs/apply-patch/tests/fixtures/scenarios/012_delete_directory_fails/input/dir/foo.txt

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+stable

codex-rs/apply-patch/tests/fixtures/scenarios/013_rejects_invalid_hunk_header/expected/foo.txt

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+stable

codex-rs/apply-patch/tests/fixtures/scenarios/013_rejects_invalid_hunk_header/input/foo.txt

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+stable

codex-rs/apply-patch/tests/fixtures/scenarios/019_unicode_simple/expected/foo.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+line1
+naïve café ✅
+line3

codex-rs/apply-patch/tests/fixtures/scenarios/019_unicode_simple/input/foo.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+line1
+naïve café
+line3

codex-rs/apply-patch/tests/fixtures/scenarios/019_unicode_simple/patch.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+*** Begin Patch
+*** Update File: foo.txt
+@@
+ line1
+-naïve café
++naïve café ✅
+*** End Patch

codex-rs/chatgpt/src/apply_command.rs

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ use std::path::PathBuf;
 use clap::Parser;
 use codex_common::CliConfigOverrides;
 use codex_core::config::Config;
-use codex_core::config::ConfigOverrides;
 
 use crate::chatgpt_token::init_chatgpt_token_from_auth;
 use crate::get_task::GetTaskResponse;
@@ -28,7 +27,6 @@ pub async fn run_apply_command(
             .config_overrides
             .parse_overrides()
             .map_err(anyhow::Error::msg)?,
-        ConfigOverrides::default(),
     )
     .await?;
 

codex-rs/cli/src/debug_sandbox.rs

@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ async fn run_command_under_sandbox(
     log_denials: bool,
 ) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
     let sandbox_mode = create_sandbox_mode(full_auto);
-    let config = Config::load_with_cli_overrides(
+    let config = Config::load_with_cli_overrides_and_harness_overrides(
         config_overrides
             .parse_overrides()
             .map_err(anyhow::Error::msg)?,

codex-rs/cli/src/login.rs

@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ use codex_core::auth::CLIENT_ID;
 use codex_core::auth::login_with_api_key;
 use codex_core::auth::logout;
 use codex_core::config::Config;
-use codex_core::config::ConfigOverrides;
 use codex_login::ServerOptions;
 use codex_login::run_device_code_login;
 use codex_login::run_login_server;
@@ -210,8 +209,7 @@ async fn load_config_or_exit(cli_config_overrides: CliConfigOverrides) -> Config
         }
     };
 
-    let config_overrides = ConfigOverrides::default();
-    match Config::load_with_cli_overrides(cli_overrides, config_overrides).await {
+    match Config::load_with_cli_overrides(cli_overrides).await {
         Ok(config) => config,
         Err(e) => {
             eprintln!("Error loading configuration: {e}");

codex-rs/cli/src/main.rs

@@ -410,7 +410,7 @@ fn stage_str(stage: codex_core::features::Stage) -> &'static str {
     use codex_core::features::Stage;
     match stage {
         Stage::Experimental => "experimental",
-        Stage::Beta => "beta",
+        Stage::Beta { .. } => "beta",
         Stage::Stable => "stable",
         Stage::Deprecated => "deprecated",
         Stage::Removed => "removed",
@@ -631,7 +631,11 @@ async fn cli_main(codex_linux_sandbox_exe: Option<PathBuf>) -> anyhow::Result<()
                     ..Default::default()
                 };
 
-                let config = Config::load_with_cli_overrides(cli_kv_overrides, overrides).await?;
+                let config = Config::load_with_cli_overrides_and_harness_overrides(
+                    cli_kv_overrides,
+                    overrides,
+                )
+                .await?;
                 for def in codex_core::features::FEATURES.iter() {
                     let name = def.key;
                     let stage = stage_str(def.stage);

codex-rs/cli/src/mcp_cmd.rs

@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ use clap::ArgGroup;
 use codex_common::CliConfigOverrides;
 use codex_common::format_env_display::format_env_display;
 use codex_core::config::Config;
-use codex_core::config::ConfigOverrides;
 use codex_core::config::edit::ConfigEditsBuilder;
 use codex_core::config::find_codex_home;
 use codex_core::config::load_global_mcp_servers;
@@ -200,7 +199,7 @@ async fn run_add(config_overrides: &CliConfigOverrides, add_args: AddArgs) -> Re
     let overrides = config_overrides
         .parse_overrides()
         .map_err(anyhow::Error::msg)?;
-    let config = Config::load_with_cli_overrides(overrides, ConfigOverrides::default())
+    let config = Config::load_with_cli_overrides(overrides)
         .await
         .context("failed to load configuration")?;
 
@@ -349,7 +348,7 @@ async fn run_login(config_overrides: &CliConfigOverrides, login_args: LoginArgs)
     let overrides = config_overrides
         .parse_overrides()
         .map_err(anyhow::Error::msg)?;
-    let config = Config::load_with_cli_overrides(overrides, ConfigOverrides::default())
+    let config = Config::load_with_cli_overrides(overrides)
         .await
         .context("failed to load configuration")?;
 
@@ -392,7 +391,7 @@ async fn run_logout(config_overrides: &CliConfigOverrides, logout_args: LogoutAr
     let overrides = config_overrides
         .parse_overrides()
         .map_err(anyhow::Error::msg)?;
-    let config = Config::load_with_cli_overrides(overrides, ConfigOverrides::default())
+    let config = Config::load_with_cli_overrides(overrides)
         .await
         .context("failed to load configuration")?;
 
@@ -421,7 +420,7 @@ async fn run_list(config_overrides: &CliConfigOverrides, list_args: ListArgs) ->
     let overrides = config_overrides
         .parse_overrides()
         .map_err(anyhow::Error::msg)?;
-    let config = Config::load_with_cli_overrides(overrides, ConfigOverrides::default())
+    let config = Config::load_with_cli_overrides(overrides)
         .await
         .context("failed to load configuration")?;
 
@@ -678,7 +677,7 @@ async fn run_get(config_overrides: &CliConfigOverrides, get_args: GetArgs) -> Re
     let overrides = config_overrides
         .parse_overrides()
         .map_err(anyhow::Error::msg)?;
-    let config = Config::load_with_cli_overrides(overrides, ConfigOverrides::default())
+    let config = Config::load_with_cli_overrides(overrides)
         .await
         .context("failed to load configuration")?;
 

codex-rs/cloud-tasks/Cargo.toml

@@ -37,6 +37,9 @@ unicode-width = { workspace = true }
 owo-colors = { workspace = true, features = ["supports-colors"] }
 supports-color = { workspace = true }
 
+[dependencies.async-trait]
+workspace = true
+
 [dev-dependencies]
 async-trait = { workspace = true }
 pretty_assertions = { workspace = true }

codex-rs/cloud-tasks/src/cli.rs

@@ -34,10 +34,6 @@ pub struct ExecCommand {
     #[arg(long = "env", value_name = "ENV_ID")]
     pub environment: String,
 
-    /// Git branch to run in Codex Cloud.
-    #[arg(long = "branch", value_name = "BRANCH", default_value = "main")]
-    pub branch: String,
-
     /// Number of assistant attempts (best-of-N).
     #[arg(
         long = "attempts",
@@ -45,6 +41,10 @@ pub struct ExecCommand {
         value_parser = parse_attempts
     )]
     pub attempts: usize,
+
+    /// Git branch to run in Codex Cloud (defaults to current branch).
+    #[arg(long = "branch", value_name = "BRANCH")]
+    pub branch: Option<String>,
 }
 
 fn parse_attempts(input: &str) -> Result<usize, String> {

codex-rs/cloud-tasks/src/lib.rs

@@ -104,6 +104,54 @@ async fn init_backend(user_agent_suffix: &str) -> anyhow::Result<BackendContext>
     })
 }
 
+#[async_trait::async_trait]
+trait GitInfoProvider {
+    async fn default_branch_name(&self, path: &std::path::Path) -> Option<String>;
+
+    async fn current_branch_name(&self, path: &std::path::Path) -> Option<String>;
+}
+
+struct RealGitInfo;
+
+#[async_trait::async_trait]
+impl GitInfoProvider for RealGitInfo {
+    async fn default_branch_name(&self, path: &std::path::Path) -> Option<String> {
+        codex_core::git_info::default_branch_name(path).await
+    }
+
+    async fn current_branch_name(&self, path: &std::path::Path) -> Option<String> {
+        codex_core::git_info::current_branch_name(path).await
+    }
+}
+
+async fn resolve_git_ref(branch_override: Option<&String>) -> String {
+    resolve_git_ref_with_git_info(branch_override, &RealGitInfo).await
+}
+
+async fn resolve_git_ref_with_git_info(
+    branch_override: Option<&String>,
+    git_info: &impl GitInfoProvider,
+) -> String {
+    if let Some(branch) = branch_override {
+        let branch = branch.trim();
+        if !branch.is_empty() {
+            return branch.to_string();
+        }
+    }
+
+    if let Ok(cwd) = std::env::current_dir() {
+        if let Some(branch) = git_info.current_branch_name(&cwd).await {
+            branch
+        } else if let Some(branch) = git_info.default_branch_name(&cwd).await {
+            branch
+        } else {
+            "main".to_string()
+        }
+    } else {
+        "main".to_string()
+    }
+}
+
 async fn run_exec_command(args: crate::cli::ExecCommand) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
     let crate::cli::ExecCommand {
         query,
@@ -114,11 +162,12 @@ async fn run_exec_command(args: crate::cli::ExecCommand) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
     let ctx = init_backend("codex_cloud_tasks_exec").await?;
     let prompt = resolve_query_input(query)?;
     let env_id = resolve_environment_id(&ctx, &environment).await?;
+    let git_ref = resolve_git_ref(branch.as_ref()).await;
     let created = codex_cloud_tasks_client::CloudBackend::create_task(
         &*ctx.backend,
         &env_id,
         &prompt,
-        &branch,
+        &git_ref,
         false,
         attempts,
     )
@@ -1362,17 +1411,7 @@ pub async fn run_main(cli: Cli, _codex_linux_sandbox_exe: Option<PathBuf>) -> an
                                                 let backend = Arc::clone(&backend);
                                                 let best_of_n = page.best_of_n;
                                                 tokio::spawn(async move {
-                                                    let git_ref = if let Ok(cwd) = std::env::current_dir() {
-                                                        if let Some(branch) = codex_core::git_info::default_branch_name(&cwd).await {
-                                                            branch
-                                                        } else if let Some(branch) = codex_core::git_info::current_branch_name(&cwd).await {
-                                                            branch
-                                                        } else {
-                                                            "main".to_string()
-                                                        }
-                                                    } else {
-                                                        "main".to_string()
-                                                    };
+                                                    let git_ref = resolve_git_ref(None).await;
 
                                                     let result = codex_cloud_tasks_client::CloudBackend::create_task(&*backend, &env, &text, &git_ref, false, best_of_n).await;
                                                     let evt = match result {
@@ -1991,6 +2030,7 @@ fn pretty_lines_from_error(raw: &str) -> Vec<String> {
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
+    use crate::resolve_git_ref_with_git_info;
     use codex_cloud_tasks_client::DiffSummary;
     use codex_cloud_tasks_client::MockClient;
     use codex_cloud_tasks_client::TaskId;
@@ -2005,6 +2045,85 @@ mod tests {
     use ratatui::buffer::Buffer;
     use ratatui::layout::Rect;
 
+    struct StubGitInfo {
+        default_branch: Option<String>,
+        current_branch: Option<String>,
+    }
+
+    impl StubGitInfo {
+        fn new(default_branch: Option<String>, current_branch: Option<String>) -> Self {
+            Self {
+                default_branch,
+                current_branch,
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[async_trait::async_trait]
+    impl super::GitInfoProvider for StubGitInfo {
+        async fn default_branch_name(&self, _path: &std::path::Path) -> Option<String> {
+            self.default_branch.clone()
+        }
+
+        async fn current_branch_name(&self, _path: &std::path::Path) -> Option<String> {
+            self.current_branch.clone()
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn branch_override_is_used_when_provided() {
+        let git_ref = resolve_git_ref_with_git_info(
+            Some(&"feature/override".to_string()),
+            &StubGitInfo::new(None, None),
+        )
+        .await;
+
+        assert_eq!(git_ref, "feature/override");
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn trims_override_whitespace() {
+        let git_ref = resolve_git_ref_with_git_info(
+            Some(&"  feature/spaces  ".to_string()),
+            &StubGitInfo::new(None, None),
+        )
+        .await;
+
+        assert_eq!(git_ref, "feature/spaces");
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn prefers_current_branch_when_available() {
+        let git_ref = resolve_git_ref_with_git_info(
+            None,
+            &StubGitInfo::new(
+                Some("default-main".to_string()),
+                Some("feature/current".to_string()),
+            ),
+        )
+        .await;
+
+        assert_eq!(git_ref, "feature/current");
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn falls_back_to_current_branch_when_default_is_missing() {
+        let git_ref = resolve_git_ref_with_git_info(
+            None,
+            &StubGitInfo::new(None, Some("develop".to_string())),
+        )
+        .await;
+
+        assert_eq!(git_ref, "develop");
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn falls_back_to_main_when_no_git_info_is_available() {
+        let git_ref = resolve_git_ref_with_git_info(None, &StubGitInfo::new(None, None)).await;
+
+        assert_eq!(git_ref, "main");
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn format_task_status_lines_with_diff_and_label() {
         let now = Utc::now();

codex-rs/cloud-tasks/src/util.rs

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ use chrono::Utc;
 use reqwest::header::HeaderMap;
 
 use codex_core::config::Config;
-use codex_core::config::ConfigOverrides;
 use codex_login::AuthManager;
 
 pub fn set_user_agent_suffix(suffix: &str) {
@@ -62,9 +61,7 @@ pub fn extract_chatgpt_account_id(token: &str) -> Option<String> {
 
 pub async fn load_auth_manager() -> Option<AuthManager> {
     // TODO: pass in cli overrides once cloud tasks properly support them.
-    let config = Config::load_with_cli_overrides(Vec::new(), ConfigOverrides::default())
-        .await
-        .ok()?;
+    let config = Config::load_with_cli_overrides(Vec::new()).await.ok()?;
     Some(AuthManager::new(
         config.codex_home,
         false,

codex-rs/codex-api/src/endpoint/models.rs

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ use crate::provider::Provider;
 use crate::telemetry::run_with_request_telemetry;
 use codex_client::HttpTransport;
 use codex_client::RequestTelemetry;
+use codex_protocol::openai_models::ModelInfo;
 use codex_protocol::openai_models::ModelsResponse;
 use http::HeaderMap;
 use http::Method;
@@ -41,7 +42,7 @@ impl<T: HttpTransport, A: AuthProvider> ModelsClient<T, A> {
         &self,
         client_version: &str,
         extra_headers: HeaderMap,
-    ) -> Result<ModelsResponse, ApiError> {
+    ) -> Result<(Vec<ModelInfo>, Option<String>), ApiError> {
         let builder = || {
             let mut req = self.provider.build_request(Method::GET, self.path());
             req.headers.extend(extra_headers.clone());
@@ -66,7 +67,7 @@ impl<T: HttpTransport, A: AuthProvider> ModelsClient<T, A> {
             .and_then(|value| value.to_str().ok())
             .map(ToString::to_string);
 
-        let ModelsResponse { models, etag } = serde_json::from_slice::<ModelsResponse>(&resp.body)
+        let ModelsResponse { models } = serde_json::from_slice::<ModelsResponse>(&resp.body)
             .map_err(|e| {
                 ApiError::Stream(format!(
                     "failed to decode models response: {e}; body: {}",
@@ -74,9 +75,7 @@ impl<T: HttpTransport, A: AuthProvider> ModelsClient<T, A> {
                 ))
             })?;
 
-        let etag = header_etag.unwrap_or(etag);
-
-        Ok(ModelsResponse { models, etag })
+        Ok((models, header_etag))
     }
 }
 
@@ -102,16 +101,15 @@ mod tests {
     struct CapturingTransport {
         last_request: Arc<Mutex<Option<Request>>>,
         body: Arc<ModelsResponse>,
+        response_etag: Arc<Option<String>>,
     }
 
     impl Default for CapturingTransport {
         fn default() -> Self {
             Self {
                 last_request: Arc::new(Mutex::new(None)),
-                body: Arc::new(ModelsResponse {
-                    models: Vec::new(),
-                    etag: String::new(),
-                }),
+                body: Arc::new(ModelsResponse { models: Vec::new() }),
+                response_etag: Arc::new(None),
             }
         }
     }
@@ -122,8 +120,8 @@ mod tests {
             *self.last_request.lock().unwrap() = Some(req);
             let body = serde_json::to_vec(&*self.body).unwrap();
             let mut headers = HeaderMap::new();
-            if !self.body.etag.is_empty() {
-                headers.insert(ETAG, self.body.etag.parse().unwrap());
+            if let Some(etag) = self.response_etag.as_ref().as_deref() {
+                headers.insert(ETAG, etag.parse().unwrap());
             }
             Ok(Response {
                 status: StatusCode::OK,
@@ -166,14 +164,12 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn appends_client_version_query() {
-        let response = ModelsResponse {
-            models: Vec::new(),
-            etag: String::new(),
-        };
+        let response = ModelsResponse { models: Vec::new() };
 
         let transport = CapturingTransport {
             last_request: Arc::new(Mutex::new(None)),
             body: Arc::new(response),
+            response_etag: Arc::new(None),
         };
 
         let client = ModelsClient::new(
@@ -182,12 +178,12 @@ mod tests {
             DummyAuth,
         );
 
-        let result = client
+        let (models, _etag) = client
             .list_models("0.99.0", HeaderMap::new())
             .await
             .expect("request should succeed");
 
-        assert_eq!(result.models.len(), 0);
+        assert_eq!(models.len(), 0);
 
         let url = transport
             .last_request
@@ -232,12 +228,12 @@ mod tests {
                 }))
                 .unwrap(),
             ],
-            etag: String::new(),
         };
 
         let transport = CapturingTransport {
             last_request: Arc::new(Mutex::new(None)),
             body: Arc::new(response),
+            response_etag: Arc::new(None),
         };
 
         let client = ModelsClient::new(
@@ -246,27 +242,25 @@ mod tests {
             DummyAuth,
         );
 
-        let result = client
+        let (models, _etag) = client
             .list_models("0.99.0", HeaderMap::new())
             .await
             .expect("request should succeed");
 
-        assert_eq!(result.models.len(), 1);
-        assert_eq!(result.models[0].slug, "gpt-test");
-        assert_eq!(result.models[0].supported_in_api, true);
-        assert_eq!(result.models[0].priority, 1);
+        assert_eq!(models.len(), 1);
+        assert_eq!(models[0].slug, "gpt-test");
+        assert_eq!(models[0].supported_in_api, true);
+        assert_eq!(models[0].priority, 1);
     }
 
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn list_models_includes_etag() {
-        let response = ModelsResponse {
-            models: Vec::new(),
-            etag: "\"abc\"".to_string(),
-        };
+        let response = ModelsResponse { models: Vec::new() };
 
         let transport = CapturingTransport {
             last_request: Arc::new(Mutex::new(None)),
             body: Arc::new(response),
+            response_etag: Arc::new(Some("\"abc\"".to_string())),
         };
 
         let client = ModelsClient::new(
@@ -275,12 +269,12 @@ mod tests {
             DummyAuth,
         );
 
-        let result = client
+        let (models, etag) = client
             .list_models("0.1.0", HeaderMap::new())
             .await
             .expect("request should succeed");
 
-        assert_eq!(result.models.len(), 0);
-        assert_eq!(result.etag, "\"abc\"");
+        assert_eq!(models.len(), 0);
+        assert_eq!(etag.as_deref(), Some("\"abc\""));
     }
 }

codex-rs/codex-api/src/endpoint/responses.rs

@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ pub struct ResponsesOptions {
     pub store_override: Option<bool>,
     pub conversation_id: Option<String>,
     pub session_source: Option<SessionSource>,
+    pub extra_headers: HeaderMap,
 }
 
 impl<T: HttpTransport, A: AuthProvider> ResponsesClient<T, A> {
@@ -58,7 +59,7 @@ impl<T: HttpTransport, A: AuthProvider> ResponsesClient<T, A> {
         self.stream(request.body, request.headers).await
     }
 
-    #[instrument(skip_all, err)]
+    #[instrument(level = "trace", skip_all, err)]
     pub async fn stream_prompt(
         &self,
         model: &str,
@@ -73,6 +74,7 @@ impl<T: HttpTransport, A: AuthProvider> ResponsesClient<T, A> {
             store_override,
             conversation_id,
             session_source,
+            extra_headers,
         } = options;
 
         let request = ResponsesRequestBuilder::new(model, &prompt.instructions, &prompt.input)
@@ -85,6 +87,7 @@ impl<T: HttpTransport, A: AuthProvider> ResponsesClient<T, A> {
             .conversation(conversation_id)
             .session_source(session_source)
             .store_override(store_override)
+            .extra_headers(extra_headers)
             .build(self.streaming.provider())?;
 
         self.stream_request(request).await

codex-rs/codex-api/tests/models_integration.rs

@@ -90,7 +90,6 @@ async fn models_client_hits_models_endpoint() {
             reasoning_summary_format: ReasoningSummaryFormat::None,
             experimental_supported_tools: Vec::new(),
         }],
-        etag: String::new(),
     };
 
     Mock::given(method("GET"))
@@ -106,13 +105,13 @@ async fn models_client_hits_models_endpoint() {
     let transport = ReqwestTransport::new(reqwest::Client::new());
     let client = ModelsClient::new(transport, provider(&base_url), DummyAuth);
 
-    let result = client
+    let (models, _etag) = client
         .list_models("0.1.0", HeaderMap::new())
         .await
         .expect("models request should succeed");
 
-    assert_eq!(result.models.len(), 1);
-    assert_eq!(result.models[0].slug, "gpt-test");
+    assert_eq!(models.len(), 1);
+    assert_eq!(models[0].slug, "gpt-test");
 
     let received = server
         .received_requests()

codex-rs/codex-client/src/default_client.rs

@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ mod tests {
     use opentelemetry::trace::TracerProvider;
     use opentelemetry_sdk::propagation::TraceContextPropagator;
     use opentelemetry_sdk::trace::SdkTracerProvider;
-    use tracing::info_span;
+    use tracing::trace_span;
     use tracing_subscriber::layer::SubscriberExt;
     use tracing_subscriber::util::SubscriberInitExt;
 
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ mod tests {
             tracing_subscriber::registry().with(tracing_opentelemetry::layer().with_tracer(tracer));
         let _guard = subscriber.set_default();
 
-        let span = info_span!("client_request");
+        let span = trace_span!("client_request");
         let _entered = span.enter();
         let span_context = span.context().span().span_context().clone();
 

codex-rs/common/Cargo.toml

@@ -21,3 +21,10 @@ toml = { workspace = true, optional = true }
 cli = ["clap", "serde", "toml"]
 elapsed = []
 sandbox_summary = []
+
+[dev-dependencies]
+clap = { workspace = true, features = ["derive", "wrap_help"] }
+codex-utils-absolute-path = { workspace = true }
+pretty_assertions = { workspace = true }
+serde = { workspace = true }
+toml = { workspace = true }

codex-rs/common/src/config_summary.rs

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ pub fn create_config_summary_entries(config: &Config, model: &str) -> Vec<(&'sta
         ("workdir", config.cwd.display().to_string()),
         ("model", model.to_string()),
         ("provider", config.model_provider_id.clone()),
-        ("approval", config.approval_policy.to_string()),
+        ("approval", config.approval_policy.value().to_string()),
         ("sandbox", summarize_sandbox_policy(&config.sandbox_policy)),
     ];
     if config.model_provider.wire_api == WireApi::Responses {

codex-rs/common/src/sandbox_mode_cli_arg.rs

@@ -26,3 +26,22 @@ impl From<SandboxModeCliArg> for SandboxMode {
         }
     }
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use pretty_assertions::assert_eq;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn maps_cli_args_to_protocol_modes() {
+        assert_eq!(SandboxMode::ReadOnly, SandboxModeCliArg::ReadOnly.into());
+        assert_eq!(
+            SandboxMode::WorkspaceWrite,
+            SandboxModeCliArg::WorkspaceWrite.into()
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            SandboxMode::DangerFullAccess,
+            SandboxModeCliArg::DangerFullAccess.into()
+        );
+    }
+}

codex-rs/common/src/sandbox_summary.rs

@@ -1,9 +1,17 @@
+use codex_core::protocol::NetworkAccess;
 use codex_core::protocol::SandboxPolicy;
 
 pub fn summarize_sandbox_policy(sandbox_policy: &SandboxPolicy) -> String {
     match sandbox_policy {
         SandboxPolicy::DangerFullAccess => "danger-full-access".to_string(),
         SandboxPolicy::ReadOnly => "read-only".to_string(),
+        SandboxPolicy::ExternalSandbox { network_access } => {
+            let mut summary = "external-sandbox".to_string();
+            if matches!(network_access, NetworkAccess::Enabled) {
+                summary.push_str(" (network access enabled)");
+            }
+            summary
+        }
         SandboxPolicy::WorkspaceWrite {
             writable_roots,
             network_access,
@@ -34,3 +42,45 @@ pub fn summarize_sandbox_policy(sandbox_policy: &SandboxPolicy) -> String {
         }
     }
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use codex_utils_absolute_path::AbsolutePathBuf;
+    use pretty_assertions::assert_eq;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn summarizes_external_sandbox_without_network_access_suffix() {
+        let summary = summarize_sandbox_policy(&SandboxPolicy::ExternalSandbox {
+            network_access: NetworkAccess::Restricted,
+        });
+        assert_eq!(summary, "external-sandbox");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn summarizes_external_sandbox_with_enabled_network() {
+        let summary = summarize_sandbox_policy(&SandboxPolicy::ExternalSandbox {
+            network_access: NetworkAccess::Enabled,
+        });
+        assert_eq!(summary, "external-sandbox (network access enabled)");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn workspace_write_summary_still_includes_network_access() {
+        let root = if cfg!(windows) { "C:\\repo" } else { "/repo" };
+        let writable_root = AbsolutePathBuf::try_from(root).unwrap();
+        let summary = summarize_sandbox_policy(&SandboxPolicy::WorkspaceWrite {
+            writable_roots: vec![writable_root.clone()],
+            network_access: true,
+            exclude_tmpdir_env_var: true,
+            exclude_slash_tmp: true,
+        });
+        assert_eq!(
+            summary,
+            format!(
+                "workspace-write [workdir, {}] (network access enabled)",
+                writable_root.to_string_lossy()
+            )
+        );
+    }
+}

codex-rs/core/Cargo.toml

@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ env-flags = { workspace = true }
 eventsource-stream = { workspace = true }
 futures = { workspace = true }
 http = { workspace = true }
+include_dir = { workspace = true }
 indexmap = { workspace = true }
 keyring = { workspace = true, features = ["crypto-rust"] }
 libc = { workspace = true }
@@ -60,7 +61,6 @@ sha1 = { workspace = true }
 sha2 = { workspace = true }
 shlex = { workspace = true }
 similar = { workspace = true }
-strum_macros = { workspace = true }
 tempfile = { workspace = true }
 test-case = "3.3.1"
 test-log = { workspace = true }
@@ -131,7 +131,6 @@ predicates = { workspace = true }
 pretty_assertions = { workspace = true }
 serial_test = { workspace = true }
 tempfile = { workspace = true }
-tokio-test = { workspace = true }
 tracing-subscriber = { workspace = true }
 tracing-test = { workspace = true, features = ["no-env-filter"] }
 walkdir = { workspace = true }

codex-rs/core/gpt-5.2-codex_prompt.md

@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+You are Codex, based on GPT-5. You are running as a coding agent in the Codex CLI on a user's computer.
+
+## General
+
+- When searching for text or files, prefer using `rg` or `rg --files` respectively because `rg` is much faster than alternatives like `grep`. (If the `rg` command is not found, then use alternatives.)
+
+## Editing constraints
+
+- Default to ASCII when editing or creating files. Only introduce non-ASCII or other Unicode characters when there is a clear justification and the file already uses them.
+- Add succinct code comments that explain what is going on if code is not self-explanatory. You should not add comments like "Assigns the value to the variable", but a brief comment might be useful ahead of a complex code block that the user would otherwise have to spend time parsing out. Usage of these comments should be rare.
+- Try to use apply_patch for single file edits, but it is fine to explore other options to make the edit if it does not work well. Do not use apply_patch for changes that are auto-generated (i.e. generating package.json or running a lint or format command like gofmt) or when scripting is more efficient (such as search and replacing a string across a codebase).
+- You may be in a dirty git worktree.
+    * NEVER revert existing changes you did not make unless explicitly requested, since these changes were made by the user.
+    * If asked to make a commit or code edits and there are unrelated changes to your work or changes that you didn't make in those files, don't revert those changes.
+    * If the changes are in files you've touched recently, you should read carefully and understand how you can work with the changes rather than reverting them.
+    * If the changes are in unrelated files, just ignore them and don't revert them.
+- Do not amend a commit unless explicitly requested to do so.
+- While you are working, you might notice unexpected changes that you didn't make. If this happens, STOP IMMEDIATELY and ask the user how they would like to proceed.
+- **NEVER** use destructive commands like `git reset --hard` or `git checkout --` unless specifically requested or approved by the user.
+
+## Plan tool
+
+When using the planning tool:
+- Skip using the planning tool for straightforward tasks (roughly the easiest 25%).
+- Do not make single-step plans.
+- When you made a plan, update it after having performed one of the sub-tasks that you shared on the plan.
+
+## Codex CLI harness, sandboxing, and approvals
+
+The Codex CLI harness supports several different configurations for sandboxing and escalation approvals that the user can choose from.
+
+Filesystem sandboxing defines which files can be read or written. The options for `sandbox_mode` are:
+- **read-only**: The sandbox only permits reading files.
+- **workspace-write**: The sandbox permits reading files, and editing files in `cwd` and `writable_roots`. Editing files in other directories requires approval.
+- **danger-full-access**: No filesystem sandboxing - all commands are permitted.
+
+Network sandboxing defines whether network can be accessed without approval. Options for `network_access` are:
+- **restricted**: Requires approval
+- **enabled**: No approval needed
+
+Approvals are your mechanism to get user consent to run shell commands without the sandbox. Possible configuration options for `approval_policy` are
+- **untrusted**: The harness will escalate most commands for user approval, apart from a limited allowlist of safe "read" commands.
+- **on-failure**: The harness will allow all commands to run in the sandbox (if enabled), and failures will be escalated to the user for approval to run again without the sandbox.
+- **on-request**: Commands will be run in the sandbox by default, and you can specify in your tool call if you want to escalate a command to run without sandboxing. (Note that this mode is not always available. If it is, you'll see parameters for it in the `shell` command description.)
+- **never**: This is a non-interactive mode where you may NEVER ask the user for approval to run commands. Instead, you must always persist and work around constraints to solve the task for the user. You MUST do your utmost best to finish the task and validate your work before yielding. If this mode is paired with `danger-full-access`, take advantage of it to deliver the best outcome for the user. Further, in this mode, your default testing philosophy is overridden: Even if you don't see local patterns for testing, you may add tests and scripts to validate your work. Just remove them before yielding.
+
+When you are running with `approval_policy == on-request`, and sandboxing enabled, here are scenarios where you'll need to request approval:
+- You need to run a command that writes to a directory that requires it (e.g. running tests that write to /var)
+- You need to run a GUI app (e.g., open/xdg-open/osascript) to open browsers or files.
+- You are running sandboxed and need to run a command that requires network access (e.g. installing packages)
+- If you run a command that is important to solving the user's query, but it fails because of sandboxing, rerun the command with approval. ALWAYS proceed to use the `sandbox_permissions` and `justification` parameters - do not message the user before requesting approval for the command.
+- You are about to take a potentially destructive action such as an `rm` or `git reset` that the user did not explicitly ask for
+- (for all of these, you should weigh alternative paths that do not require approval)
+
+When `sandbox_mode` is set to read-only, you'll need to request approval for any command that isn't a read.
+
+You will be told what filesystem sandboxing, network sandboxing, and approval mode are active in a developer or user message. If you are not told about this, assume that you are running with workspace-write, network sandboxing enabled, and approval on-failure.
+
+Although they introduce friction to the user because your work is paused until the user responds, you should leverage them when necessary to accomplish important work. If the completing the task requires escalated permissions, Do not let these settings or the sandbox deter you from attempting to accomplish the user's task unless it is set to "never", in which case never ask for approvals.
+
+When requesting approval to execute a command that will require escalated privileges:
+  - Provide the `sandbox_permissions` parameter with the value `"require_escalated"`
+  - Include a short, 1 sentence explanation for why you need escalated permissions in the justification parameter
+
+## Special user requests
+
+- If the user makes a simple request (such as asking for the time) which you can fulfill by running a terminal command (such as `date`), you should do so.
+- If the user asks for a "review", default to a code review mindset: prioritise identifying bugs, risks, behavioural regressions, and missing tests. Findings must be the primary focus of the response - keep summaries or overviews brief and only after enumerating the issues. Present findings first (ordered by severity with file/line references), follow with open questions or assumptions, and offer a change-summary only as a secondary detail. If no findings are discovered, state that explicitly and mention any residual risks or testing gaps.
+
+## Frontend tasks
+When doing frontend design tasks, avoid collapsing into "AI slop" or safe, average-looking layouts.
+Aim for interfaces that feel intentional, bold, and a bit surprising.
+- Typography: Use expressive, purposeful fonts and avoid default stacks (Inter, Roboto, Arial, system).
+- Color & Look: Choose a clear visual direction; define CSS variables; avoid purple-on-white defaults. No purple bias or dark mode bias.
+- Motion: Use a few meaningful animations (page-load, staggered reveals) instead of generic micro-motions.
+- Background: Don't rely on flat, single-color backgrounds; use gradients, shapes, or subtle patterns to build atmosphere.
+- Overall: Avoid boilerplate layouts and interchangeable UI patterns. Vary themes, type families, and visual languages across outputs.
+- Ensure the page loads properly on both desktop and mobile
+
+Exception: If working within an existing website or design system, preserve the established patterns, structure, and visual language.
+
+## Presenting your work and final message
+
+You are producing plain text that will later be styled by the CLI. Follow these rules exactly. Formatting should make results easy to scan, but not feel mechanical. Use judgment to decide how much structure adds value.
+
+- Default: be very concise; friendly coding teammate tone.
+- Ask only when needed; suggest ideas; mirror the user's style.
+- For substantial work, summarize clearly; follow final‑answer formatting.
+- Skip heavy formatting for simple confirmations.
+- Don't dump large files you've written; reference paths only.
+- No "save/copy this file" - User is on the same machine.
+- Offer logical next steps (tests, commits, build) briefly; add verify steps if you couldn't do something.
+- For code changes:
+  * Lead with a quick explanation of the change, and then give more details on the context covering where and why a change was made. Do not start this explanation with "summary", just jump right in.
+  * If there are natural next steps the user may want to take, suggest them at the end of your response. Do not make suggestions if there are no natural next steps.
+  * When suggesting multiple options, use numeric lists for the suggestions so the user can quickly respond with a single number.
+- The user does not command execution outputs. When asked to show the output of a command (e.g. `git show`), relay the important details in your answer or summarize the key lines so the user understands the result.
+
+### Final answer structure and style guidelines
+
+- Plain text; CLI handles styling. Use structure only when it helps scanability.
+- Headers: optional; short Title Case (1-3 words) wrapped in **…**; no blank line before the first bullet; add only if they truly help.
+- Bullets: use - ; merge related points; keep to one line when possible; 4–6 per list ordered by importance; keep phrasing consistent.
+- Monospace: backticks for commands/paths/env vars/code ids and inline examples; use for literal keyword bullets; never combine with **.
+- Code samples or multi-line snippets should be wrapped in fenced code blocks; include an info string as often as possible.
+- Structure: group related bullets; order sections general → specific → supporting; for subsections, start with a bolded keyword bullet, then items; match complexity to the task.
+- Tone: collaborative, concise, factual; present tense, active voice; self‑contained; no "above/below"; parallel wording.
+- Don'ts: no nested bullets/hierarchies; no ANSI codes; don't cram unrelated keywords; keep keyword lists short—wrap/reformat if long; avoid naming formatting styles in answers.
+- Adaptation: code explanations → precise, structured with code refs; simple tasks → lead with outcome; big changes → logical walkthrough + rationale + next actions; casual one-offs → plain sentences, no headers/bullets.
+- File References: When referencing files in your response follow the below rules:
+  * Use inline code to make file paths clickable.
+  * Each reference should have a stand alone path. Even if it's the same file.
+  * Accepted: absolute, workspace‑relative, a/ or b/ diff prefixes, or bare filename/suffix.
+  * Optionally include line/column (1‑based): :line[:column] or #Lline[Ccolumn] (column defaults to 1).
+  * Do not use URIs like file://, vscode://, or https://.
+  * Do not provide range of lines
+  * Examples: src/app.ts, src/app.ts:42, b/server/index.js#L10, C:\repo\project\main.rs:12:5

codex-rs/core/src/api_bridge.rs

@@ -67,6 +67,11 @@ pub(crate) fn map_api_error(err: ApiError) -> CodexErr {
                         status,
                         request_id: extract_request_id(headers.as_ref()),
                     })
+                } else if status == http::StatusCode::PRECONDITION_FAILED
+                    && body_text
+                        .contains("Models catalog has changed. Please refresh your models list.")
+                {
+                    CodexErr::OutdatedModels
                 } else {
                     CodexErr::UnexpectedStatus(UnexpectedResponseError {
                         status,

codex-rs/core/src/auth.rs

@@ -636,8 +636,7 @@ mod tests {
     use crate::auth::storage::FileAuthStorage;
     use crate::auth::storage::get_auth_file;
     use crate::config::Config;
-    use crate::config::ConfigOverrides;
-    use crate::config::ConfigToml;
+    use crate::config::ConfigBuilder;
     use crate::token_data::IdTokenInfo;
     use crate::token_data::KnownPlan as InternalKnownPlan;
     use crate::token_data::PlanType as InternalPlanType;
@@ -862,17 +861,16 @@ mod tests {
         Ok(fake_jwt)
     }
 
-    fn build_config(
+    async fn build_config(
         codex_home: &Path,
         forced_login_method: Option<ForcedLoginMethod>,
         forced_chatgpt_workspace_id: Option<String>,
     ) -> Config {
-        let mut config = Config::load_from_base_config_with_overrides(
-            ConfigToml::default(),
-            ConfigOverrides::default(),
-            codex_home.to_path_buf(),
-        )
-        .expect("config should load");
+        let mut config = ConfigBuilder::default()
+            .codex_home(codex_home.to_path_buf())
+            .build()
+            .await
+            .expect("config should load");
         config.forced_login_method = forced_login_method;
         config.forced_chatgpt_workspace_id = forced_chatgpt_workspace_id;
         config
@@ -915,7 +913,7 @@ mod tests {
         login_with_api_key(codex_home.path(), "sk-test", AuthCredentialsStoreMode::File)
             .expect("seed api key");
 
-        let config = build_config(codex_home.path(), Some(ForcedLoginMethod::Chatgpt), None);
+        let config = build_config(codex_home.path(), Some(ForcedLoginMethod::Chatgpt), None).await;
 
         let err = super::enforce_login_restrictions(&config)
             .await
@@ -941,7 +939,7 @@ mod tests {
         )
         .expect("failed to write auth file");
 
-        let config = build_config(codex_home.path(), None, Some("org_mine".to_string()));
+        let config = build_config(codex_home.path(), None, Some("org_mine".to_string())).await;
 
         let err = super::enforce_login_restrictions(&config)
             .await
@@ -967,7 +965,7 @@ mod tests {
         )
         .expect("failed to write auth file");
 
-        let config = build_config(codex_home.path(), None, Some("org_mine".to_string()));
+        let config = build_config(codex_home.path(), None, Some("org_mine".to_string())).await;
 
         super::enforce_login_restrictions(&config)
             .await
@@ -985,7 +983,7 @@ mod tests {
         login_with_api_key(codex_home.path(), "sk-test", AuthCredentialsStoreMode::File)
             .expect("seed api key");
 
-        let config = build_config(codex_home.path(), None, Some("org_mine".to_string()));
+        let config = build_config(codex_home.path(), None, Some("org_mine".to_string())).await;
 
         super::enforce_login_restrictions(&config)
             .await
@@ -1002,7 +1000,7 @@ mod tests {
         let _guard = EnvVarGuard::set(CODEX_API_KEY_ENV_VAR, "sk-env");
         let codex_home = tempdir().unwrap();
 
-        let config = build_config(codex_home.path(), Some(ForcedLoginMethod::Chatgpt), None);
+        let config = build_config(codex_home.path(), Some(ForcedLoginMethod::Chatgpt), None).await;
 
         let err = super::enforce_login_restrictions(&config)
             .await

codex-rs/core/src/client.rs

@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ use http::StatusCode as HttpStatusCode;
 use reqwest::StatusCode;
 use serde_json::Value;
 use std::time::Duration;
+use tokio::sync::RwLock;
 use tokio::sync::mpsc;
 use tracing::warn;
 
@@ -45,6 +46,7 @@ use crate::config::Config;
 use crate::default_client::build_reqwest_client;
 use crate::error::CodexErr;
 use crate::error::Result;
+use crate::features::FEATURES;
 use crate::flags::CODEX_RS_SSE_FIXTURE;
 use crate::model_provider_info::ModelProviderInfo;
 use crate::model_provider_info::WireApi;
@@ -52,11 +54,12 @@ use crate::openai_models::model_family::ModelFamily;
 use crate::tools::spec::create_tools_json_for_chat_completions_api;
 use crate::tools::spec::create_tools_json_for_responses_api;
 
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+#[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct ModelClient {
     config: Arc<Config>,
     auth_manager: Option<Arc<AuthManager>>,
-    model_family: ModelFamily,
+    model_family: RwLock<ModelFamily>,
+    models_etag: RwLock<Option<String>>,
     otel_manager: OtelManager,
     provider: ModelProviderInfo,
     conversation_id: ConversationId,
@@ -71,6 +74,7 @@ impl ModelClient {
         config: Arc<Config>,
         auth_manager: Option<Arc<AuthManager>>,
         model_family: ModelFamily,
+        models_etag: Option<String>,
         otel_manager: OtelManager,
         provider: ModelProviderInfo,
         effort: Option<ReasoningEffortConfig>,
@@ -81,7 +85,8 @@ impl ModelClient {
         Self {
             config,
             auth_manager,
-            model_family,
+            model_family: RwLock::new(model_family),
+            models_etag: RwLock::new(models_etag),
             otel_manager,
             provider,
             conversation_id,
@@ -91,8 +96,8 @@ impl ModelClient {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn get_model_context_window(&self) -> Option<i64> {
-        let model_family = self.get_model_family();
+    pub async fn get_model_context_window(&self) -> Option<i64> {
+        let model_family = self.get_model_family().await;
         let effective_context_window_percent = model_family.effective_context_window_percent;
         model_family
             .context_window
@@ -145,7 +150,7 @@ impl ModelClient {
         }
 
         let auth_manager = self.auth_manager.clone();
-        let model_family = self.get_model_family();
+        let model_family = self.get_model_family().await;
         let instructions = prompt.get_full_instructions(&model_family).into_owned();
         let tools_json = create_tools_json_for_chat_completions_api(&prompt.tools)?;
         let api_prompt = build_api_prompt(prompt, instructions, tools_json);
@@ -166,7 +171,7 @@ impl ModelClient {
 
             let stream_result = client
                 .stream_prompt(
-                    &self.get_model(),
+                    &self.get_model().await,
                     &api_prompt,
                     Some(conversation_id.clone()),
                     Some(session_source.clone()),
@@ -199,7 +204,7 @@ impl ModelClient {
         }
 
         let auth_manager = self.auth_manager.clone();
-        let model_family = self.get_model_family();
+        let model_family = self.get_model_family().await;
         let instructions = prompt.get_full_instructions(&model_family).into_owned();
         let tools_json: Vec<Value> = create_tools_json_for_responses_api(&prompt.tools)?;
 
@@ -261,10 +266,14 @@ impl ModelClient {
                 store_override: None,
                 conversation_id: Some(conversation_id.clone()),
                 session_source: Some(session_source.clone()),
+                extra_headers: beta_feature_headers(
+                    &self.config,
+                    self.get_models_etag().await.clone(),
+                ),
             };
 
             let stream_result = client
-                .stream_prompt(&self.get_model(), &api_prompt, options)
+                .stream_prompt(&self.get_model().await, &api_prompt, options)
                 .await;
 
             match stream_result {
@@ -295,13 +304,25 @@ impl ModelClient {
     }
 
     /// Returns the currently configured model slug.
-    pub fn get_model(&self) -> String {
-        self.get_model_family().get_model_slug().to_string()
+    pub async fn get_model(&self) -> String {
+        self.get_model_family().await.get_model_slug().to_string()
     }
 
     /// Returns the currently configured model family.
-    pub fn get_model_family(&self) -> ModelFamily {
-        self.model_family.clone()
+    pub async fn get_model_family(&self) -> ModelFamily {
+        self.model_family.read().await.clone()
+    }
+
+    pub async fn get_models_etag(&self) -> Option<String> {
+        self.models_etag.read().await.clone()
+    }
+
+    pub async fn update_models_etag(&self, etag: Option<String>) {
+        *self.models_etag.write().await = etag;
+    }
+
+    pub async fn update_model_family(&self, model_family: ModelFamily) {
+        *self.model_family.write().await = model_family;
     }
 
     /// Returns the current reasoning effort setting.
@@ -338,10 +359,10 @@ impl ModelClient {
             .with_telemetry(Some(request_telemetry));
 
         let instructions = prompt
-            .get_full_instructions(&self.get_model_family())
+            .get_full_instructions(&self.get_model_family().await)
             .into_owned();
         let payload = ApiCompactionInput {
-            model: &self.get_model(),
+            model: &self.get_model().await,
             input: &prompt.input,
             instructions: &instructions,
         };
@@ -396,6 +417,32 @@ fn build_api_prompt(prompt: &Prompt, instructions: String, tools_json: Vec<Value
     }
 }
 
+fn beta_feature_headers(config: &Config, models_etag: Option<String>) -> ApiHeaderMap {
+    let enabled = FEATURES
+        .iter()
+        .filter_map(|spec| {
+            if spec.stage.beta_menu_description().is_some() && config.features.enabled(spec.id) {
+                Some(spec.key)
+            } else {
+                None
+            }
+        })
+        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+    let value = enabled.join(",");
+    let mut headers = ApiHeaderMap::new();
+    if !value.is_empty()
+        && let Ok(header_value) = HeaderValue::from_str(value.as_str())
+    {
+        headers.insert("x-codex-beta-features", header_value);
+    }
+    if let Some(etag) = models_etag
+        && let Ok(header_value) = HeaderValue::from_str(&etag)
+    {
+        headers.insert("X-If-Models-Match", header_value);
+    }
+    headers
+}
+
 fn map_response_stream<S>(api_stream: S, otel_manager: OtelManager) -> ResponseStream
 where
     S: futures::Stream<Item = std::result::Result<ResponseEvent, ApiError>>

codex-rs/core/src/client_common.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
 use crate::client_common::tools::ToolSpec;
+use crate::codex::Session;
+use crate::codex::TurnContext;
 use crate::error::Result;
+use crate::features::Feature;
 use crate::openai_models::model_family::ModelFamily;
+use crate::tools::ToolRouter;
 pub use codex_api::common::ResponseEvent;
 use codex_apply_patch::APPLY_PATCH_TOOL_INSTRUCTIONS;
 use codex_protocol::models::ResponseItem;
@@ -44,6 +48,28 @@ pub struct Prompt {
 }
 
 impl Prompt {
+    pub(crate) async fn new(
+        sess: &Session,
+        turn_context: &TurnContext,
+        router: &ToolRouter,
+        input: &[ResponseItem],
+    ) -> Prompt {
+        let model_supports_parallel = turn_context
+            .client
+            .get_model_family()
+            .await
+            .supports_parallel_tool_calls;
+
+        Prompt {
+            input: input.to_vec(),
+            tools: router.specs(),
+            parallel_tool_calls: model_supports_parallel
+                && sess.enabled(Feature::ParallelToolCalls),
+            base_instructions_override: turn_context.base_instructions.clone(),
+            output_schema: turn_context.final_output_json_schema.clone(),
+        }
+    }
+
     pub(crate) fn get_full_instructions<'a>(&'a self, model: &'a ModelFamily) -> Cow<'a, str> {
         let base = self
             .base_instructions_override

codex-rs/core/src/codex_delegate.rs

@@ -366,7 +366,7 @@ mod tests {
             rx_event: rx_events,
         });
 
-        let (session, ctx, _rx_evt) = crate::codex::make_session_and_context_with_rx();
+        let (session, ctx, _rx_evt) = crate::codex::make_session_and_context_with_rx().await;
 
         let (tx_out, rx_out) = bounded(1);
         tx_out

codex-rs/core/src/command_safety/is_dangerous_command.rs

@@ -21,8 +21,11 @@ pub fn requires_initial_appoval(
     match policy {
         AskForApproval::Never | AskForApproval::OnFailure => false,
         AskForApproval::OnRequest => {
-            // In DangerFullAccess, only prompt if the command looks dangerous.
-            if matches!(sandbox_policy, SandboxPolicy::DangerFullAccess) {
+            // In DangerFullAccess or ExternalSandbox, only prompt if the command looks dangerous.
+            if matches!(
+                sandbox_policy,
+                SandboxPolicy::DangerFullAccess | SandboxPolicy::ExternalSandbox { .. }
+            ) {
                 return command_might_be_dangerous(command);
             }
 
@@ -83,6 +86,7 @@ fn is_dangerous_to_call_with_exec(command: &[String]) -> bool {
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
+    use codex_protocol::protocol::NetworkAccess;
 
     fn vec_str(items: &[&str]) -> Vec<String> {
         items.iter().map(std::string::ToString::to_string).collect()
@@ -150,4 +154,23 @@ mod tests {
     fn rm_f_is_dangerous() {
         assert!(command_might_be_dangerous(&vec_str(&["rm", "-f", "/"])));
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn external_sandbox_only_prompts_for_dangerous_commands() {
+        let external_policy = SandboxPolicy::ExternalSandbox {
+            network_access: NetworkAccess::Restricted,
+        };
+        assert!(!requires_initial_appoval(
+            AskForApproval::OnRequest,
+            &external_policy,
+            &vec_str(&["ls"]),
+            SandboxPermissions::UseDefault,
+        ));
+        assert!(requires_initial_appoval(
+            AskForApproval::OnRequest,
+            &external_policy,
+            &vec_str(&["rm", "-rf", "/"]),
+            SandboxPermissions::UseDefault,
+        ));
+    }
 }

codex-rs/core/src/compact.rs

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ use crate::client_common::ResponseEvent;
 use crate::codex::Session;
 use crate::codex::TurnContext;
 use crate::codex::get_last_assistant_message_from_turn;
+use crate::codex::refresh_models_and_reset_turn_context;
 use crate::error::CodexErr;
 use crate::error::Result as CodexResult;
 use crate::features::Feature;
@@ -55,7 +56,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn run_compact_task(
     input: Vec<UserInput>,
 ) {
     let start_event = EventMsg::TaskStarted(TaskStartedEvent {
-        model_context_window: turn_context.client.get_model_context_window(),
+        model_context_window: turn_context.client.get_model_context_window().await,
     });
     sess.send_event(&turn_context, start_event).await;
     run_compact_task_inner(sess.clone(), turn_context, input).await;
@@ -83,7 +84,7 @@ async fn run_compact_task_inner(
         cwd: turn_context.cwd.clone(),
         approval_policy: turn_context.approval_policy,
         sandbox_policy: turn_context.sandbox_policy.clone(),
-        model: turn_context.client.get_model(),
+        model: turn_context.client.get_model().await,
         effort: turn_context.client.get_reasoning_effort(),
         summary: turn_context.client.get_reasoning_summary(),
     });
@@ -132,6 +133,10 @@ async fn run_compact_task_inner(
             Err(e) => {
                 if retries < max_retries {
                     retries += 1;
+                    if matches!(e, CodexErr::OutdatedModels) {
+                        refresh_models_and_reset_turn_context(&sess, &turn_context).await;
+                        continue;
+                    }
                     let delay = backoff(retries);
                     sess.notify_stream_error(
                         turn_context.as_ref(),
@@ -290,7 +295,7 @@ async fn drain_to_completed(
     turn_context: &TurnContext,
     prompt: &Prompt,
 ) -> CodexResult<()> {
-    let mut stream = turn_context.client.clone().stream(prompt).await?;
+    let mut stream = turn_context.client.stream(prompt).await?;
     loop {
         let maybe_event = stream.next().await;
         let Some(event) = maybe_event else {

codex-rs/core/src/compact_remote.rs

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn run_inline_remote_auto_compact_task(
 
 pub(crate) async fn run_remote_compact_task(sess: Arc<Session>, turn_context: Arc<TurnContext>) {
     let start_event = EventMsg::TaskStarted(TaskStartedEvent {
-        model_context_window: turn_context.client.get_model_context_window(),
+        model_context_window: turn_context.client.get_model_context_window().await,
     });
     sess.send_event(&turn_context, start_event).await;
 

codex-rs/core/src/config/constraint.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
+use std::fmt;
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use thiserror::Error;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Error, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[error("{message}")]
+pub struct ConstraintError {
+    pub message: String,
+}
+
+impl ConstraintError {
+    pub fn invalid_value(candidate: impl Into<String>, allowed: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            message: format!(
+                "value `{}` is not in the allowed set {}",
+                candidate.into(),
+                allowed.into()
+            ),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn empty_field(field_name: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            message: format!("field `{}` cannot be empty", field_name.into()),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub type ConstraintResult<T> = Result<T, ConstraintError>;
+
+impl From<ConstraintError> for std::io::Error {
+    fn from(err: ConstraintError) -> Self {
+        std::io::Error::new(std::io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput, err)
+    }
+}
+
+type ConstraintValidator<T> = dyn Fn(&T) -> ConstraintResult<()> + Send + Sync;
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct Constrained<T> {
+    value: T,
+    validator: Arc<ConstraintValidator<T>>,
+}
+
+impl<T: Send + Sync> Constrained<T> {
+    pub fn new(
+        initial_value: T,
+        validator: impl Fn(&T) -> ConstraintResult<()> + Send + Sync + 'static,
+    ) -> ConstraintResult<Self> {
+        let validator: Arc<ConstraintValidator<T>> = Arc::new(validator);
+        validator(&initial_value)?;
+        Ok(Self {
+            value: initial_value,
+            validator,
+        })
+    }
+
+    pub fn allow_any(initial_value: T) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            value: initial_value,
+            validator: Arc::new(|_| Ok(())),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn allow_only(value: T) -> Self
+    where
+        T: PartialEq + Send + Sync + fmt::Debug + Clone + 'static,
+    {
+        #[expect(clippy::expect_used)]
+        Self::new(value.clone(), move |candidate| {
+            if *candidate == value {
+                Ok(())
+            } else {
+                Err(ConstraintError::invalid_value(
+                    format!("{candidate:?}"),
+                    format!("{value:?}"),
+                ))
+            }
+        })
+        .expect("initial value should always be valid")
+    }
+
+    /// Allow any value of T, using T's Default as the initial value.
+    pub fn allow_any_from_default() -> Self
+    where
+        T: Default,
+    {
+        Self::allow_any(T::default())
+    }
+
+    pub fn allow_values(initial_value: T, allowed: Vec<T>) -> ConstraintResult<Self>
+    where
+        T: PartialEq + Send + Sync + fmt::Debug + 'static,
+    {
+        Self::new(initial_value, move |candidate| {
+            if allowed.contains(candidate) {
+                Ok(())
+            } else {
+                Err(ConstraintError::invalid_value(
+                    format!("{candidate:?}"),
+                    format!("{allowed:?}"),
+                ))
+            }
+        })
+    }
+
+    pub fn get(&self) -> &T {
+        &self.value
+    }
+
+    pub fn value(&self) -> T
+    where
+        T: Copy,
+    {
+        self.value
+    }
+
+    pub fn can_set(&self, candidate: &T) -> ConstraintResult<()> {
+        (self.validator)(candidate)
+    }
+
+    pub fn set(&mut self, value: T) -> ConstraintResult<()> {
+        (self.validator)(&value)?;
+        self.value = value;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T> std::ops::Deref for Constrained<T> {
+    type Target = T;
+
+    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
+        &self.value
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: fmt::Debug> fmt::Debug for Constrained<T> {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        f.debug_struct("Constrained")
+            .field("value", &self.value)
+            .finish()
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: PartialEq> PartialEq for Constrained<T> {
+    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
+        self.value == other.value
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use pretty_assertions::assert_eq;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn constrained_allow_any_accepts_any_value() {
+        let mut constrained = Constrained::allow_any(5);
+        constrained.set(-10).expect("allow any accepts all values");
+        assert_eq!(constrained.value(), -10);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn constrained_allow_any_default_uses_default_value() {
+        let constrained = Constrained::<i32>::allow_any_from_default();
+        assert_eq!(constrained.value(), 0);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn constrained_new_rejects_invalid_initial_value() {
+        let result = Constrained::new(0, |value| {
+            if *value > 0 {
+                Ok(())
+            } else {
+                Err(ConstraintError::invalid_value(
+                    value.to_string(),
+                    "positive values",
+                ))
+            }
+        });
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            result,
+            Err(ConstraintError::invalid_value("0", "positive values"))
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn constrained_set_rejects_invalid_value_and_leaves_previous() {
+        let mut constrained = Constrained::new(1, |value| {
+            if *value > 0 {
+                Ok(())
+            } else {
+                Err(ConstraintError::invalid_value(
+                    value.to_string(),
+                    "positive values",
+                ))
+            }
+        })
+        .expect("initial value should be accepted");
+
+        let err = constrained
+            .set(-5)
+            .expect_err("negative values should be rejected");
+        assert_eq!(err, ConstraintError::invalid_value("-5", "positive values"));
+        assert_eq!(constrained.value(), 1);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn constrained_can_set_allows_probe_without_setting() {
+        let constrained = Constrained::new(1, |value| {
+            if *value > 0 {
+                Ok(())
+            } else {
+                Err(ConstraintError::invalid_value(
+                    value.to_string(),
+                    "positive values",
+                ))
+            }
+        })
+        .expect("initial value should be accepted");
+
+        constrained
+            .can_set(&2)
+            .expect("can_set should accept positive value");
+        let err = constrained
+            .can_set(&-1)
+            .expect_err("can_set should reject negative value");
+        assert_eq!(err, ConstraintError::invalid_value("-1", "positive values"));
+        assert_eq!(constrained.value(), 1);
+    }
+}

codex-rs/core/src/config/edit.rs

@@ -694,7 +694,6 @@ mod tests {
     use codex_protocol::openai_models::ReasoningEffort;
     use pretty_assertions::assert_eq;
     use tempfile::tempdir;
-    use tokio::runtime::Builder;
     use toml::Value as TomlValue;
 
     #[test]
@@ -1455,22 +1454,16 @@ model_reasoning_effort = "high"
         assert_eq!(contents, initial_expected);
     }
 
-    #[test]
-    fn blocking_set_asynchronous_helpers_available() {
-        let rt = Builder::new_current_thread()
-            .enable_all()
-            .build()
-            .expect("runtime");
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn blocking_set_asynchronous_helpers_available() {
         let tmp = tempdir().expect("tmpdir");
         let codex_home = tmp.path().to_path_buf();
 
-        rt.block_on(async {
-            ConfigEditsBuilder::new(&codex_home)
-                .set_hide_full_access_warning(true)
-                .apply()
-                .await
-                .expect("persist");
-        });
+        ConfigEditsBuilder::new(&codex_home)
+            .set_hide_full_access_warning(true)
+            .apply()
+            .await
+            .expect("persist");
 
         let raw = std::fs::read_to_string(codex_home.join(CONFIG_TOML_FILE)).expect("read config");
         let notice = toml::from_str::<TomlValue>(&raw)

codex-rs/core/src/config/mod.rs

@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@ use crate::config::types::ShellEnvironmentPolicy;
 use crate::config::types::ShellEnvironmentPolicyToml;
 use crate::config::types::Tui;
 use crate::config::types::UriBasedFileOpener;
+use crate::config_loader::ConfigRequirements;
+use crate::config_loader::LoaderOverrides;
 use crate::config_loader::load_config_layers_state;
 use crate::features::Feature;
 use crate::features::FeatureOverrides;
@@ -26,7 +28,6 @@ use crate::project_doc::DEFAULT_PROJECT_DOC_FILENAME;
 use crate::project_doc::LOCAL_PROJECT_DOC_FILENAME;
 use crate::protocol::AskForApproval;
 use crate::protocol::SandboxPolicy;
-use crate::util::resolve_path;
 use codex_app_server_protocol::Tools;
 use codex_app_server_protocol::UserSavedConfig;
 use codex_protocol::config_types::ForcedLoginMethod;
@@ -54,10 +55,14 @@ use crate::config::profile::ConfigProfile;
 use toml::Value as TomlValue;
 use toml_edit::DocumentMut;
 
+mod constraint;
 pub mod edit;
 pub mod profile;
 pub mod service;
 pub mod types;
+pub use constraint::Constrained;
+pub use constraint::ConstraintError;
+pub use constraint::ConstraintResult;
 
 pub use service::ConfigService;
 pub use service::ConfigServiceError;
@@ -106,7 +111,7 @@ pub struct Config {
     pub model_provider: ModelProviderInfo,
 
     /// Approval policy for executing commands.
-    pub approval_policy: AskForApproval,
+    pub approval_policy: Constrained<AskForApproval>,
 
     pub sandbox_policy: SandboxPolicy,
 
@@ -301,41 +306,108 @@ pub struct Config {
     pub otel: crate::config::types::OtelConfig,
 }
 
-impl Config {
-    pub async fn load_with_cli_overrides(
-        cli_overrides: Vec<(String, TomlValue)>,
-        overrides: ConfigOverrides,
-    ) -> std::io::Result<Self> {
-        let codex_home = find_codex_home()?;
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default)]
+pub struct ConfigBuilder {
+    codex_home: Option<PathBuf>,
+    cli_overrides: Option<Vec<(String, TomlValue)>>,
+    harness_overrides: Option<ConfigOverrides>,
+    loader_overrides: Option<LoaderOverrides>,
+}
 
-        let root_value = load_resolved_config(
-            &codex_home,
+impl ConfigBuilder {
+    pub fn codex_home(mut self, codex_home: PathBuf) -> Self {
+        self.codex_home = Some(codex_home);
+        self
+    }
+
+    pub fn cli_overrides(mut self, cli_overrides: Vec<(String, TomlValue)>) -> Self {
+        self.cli_overrides = Some(cli_overrides);
+        self
+    }
+
+    pub fn harness_overrides(mut self, harness_overrides: ConfigOverrides) -> Self {
+        self.harness_overrides = Some(harness_overrides);
+        self
+    }
+
+    pub fn loader_overrides(mut self, loader_overrides: LoaderOverrides) -> Self {
+        self.loader_overrides = Some(loader_overrides);
+        self
+    }
+
+    pub async fn build(self) -> std::io::Result<Config> {
+        let Self {
+            codex_home,
             cli_overrides,
-            crate::config_loader::LoaderOverrides::default(),
+            harness_overrides,
+            loader_overrides,
+        } = self;
+        let codex_home = codex_home.map_or_else(find_codex_home, std::io::Result::Ok)?;
+        let cli_overrides = cli_overrides.unwrap_or_default();
+        let harness_overrides = harness_overrides.unwrap_or_default();
+        let loader_overrides = loader_overrides.unwrap_or_default();
+        let config_layer_stack =
+            load_config_layers_state(&codex_home, &cli_overrides, loader_overrides).await?;
+        let merged_toml = config_layer_stack.effective_config();
+
+        // Note that each layer in ConfigLayerStack should have resolved
+        // relative paths to absolute paths based on the parent folder of the
+        // respective config file, so we should be safe to deserialize without
+        // AbsolutePathBufGuard here.
+        let config_toml: ConfigToml = merged_toml
+            .try_into()
+            .map_err(|e| std::io::Error::new(std::io::ErrorKind::InvalidData, e))?;
+        Config::load_config_with_requirements(
+            config_toml,
+            harness_overrides,
+            codex_home,
+            config_layer_stack.requirements().clone(),
         )
-        .await?;
-
-        let cfg = deserialize_config_toml_with_base(root_value, &codex_home).map_err(|e| {
-            tracing::error!("Failed to deserialize overridden config: {e}");
-            e
-        })?;
-
-        Self::load_from_base_config_with_overrides(cfg, overrides, codex_home)
     }
 }
 
+impl Config {
+    /// This is the preferred way to create an instance of [Config].
+    pub async fn load_with_cli_overrides(
+        cli_overrides: Vec<(String, TomlValue)>,
+    ) -> std::io::Result<Self> {
+        ConfigBuilder::default()
+            .cli_overrides(cli_overrides)
+            .build()
+            .await
+    }
+
+    /// This is a secondary way of creating [Config], which is appropriate when
+    /// the harness is meant to be used with a specific configuration that
+    /// ignores user settings. For example, the `codex exec` subcommand is
+    /// designed to use [AskForApproval::Never] exclusively.
+    ///
+    /// Further, [ConfigOverrides] contains some options that are not supported
+    /// in [ConfigToml], such as `cwd` and `codex_linux_sandbox_exe`.
+    pub async fn load_with_cli_overrides_and_harness_overrides(
+        cli_overrides: Vec<(String, TomlValue)>,
+        harness_overrides: ConfigOverrides,
+    ) -> std::io::Result<Self> {
+        ConfigBuilder::default()
+            .cli_overrides(cli_overrides)
+            .harness_overrides(harness_overrides)
+            .build()
+            .await
+    }
+}
+
+/// DEPRECATED: Use [Config::load_with_cli_overrides()] instead because working
+/// with [ConfigToml] directly means that [ConfigRequirements] have not been
+/// applied yet, which risks failing to enforce required constraints.
 pub async fn load_config_as_toml_with_cli_overrides(
     codex_home: &Path,
     cli_overrides: Vec<(String, TomlValue)>,
 ) -> std::io::Result<ConfigToml> {
-    let root_value = load_resolved_config(
-        codex_home,
-        cli_overrides,
-        crate::config_loader::LoaderOverrides::default(),
-    )
-    .await?;
+    let config_layer_stack =
+        load_config_layers_state(codex_home, &cli_overrides, LoaderOverrides::default()).await?;
 
-    let cfg = deserialize_config_toml_with_base(root_value, codex_home).map_err(|e| {
+    let merged_toml = config_layer_stack.effective_config();
+    let cfg = deserialize_config_toml_with_base(merged_toml, codex_home).map_err(|e| {
         tracing::error!("Failed to deserialize overridden config: {e}");
         e
     })?;
@@ -343,15 +415,6 @@ pub async fn load_config_as_toml_with_cli_overrides(
     Ok(cfg)
 }
 
-async fn load_resolved_config(
-    codex_home: &Path,
-    cli_overrides: Vec<(String, TomlValue)>,
-    overrides: crate::config_loader::LoaderOverrides,
-) -> std::io::Result<TomlValue> {
-    let layers = load_config_layers_state(codex_home, &cli_overrides, overrides).await?;
-    Ok(layers.effective_config())
-}
-
 fn deserialize_config_toml_with_base(
     root_value: TomlValue,
     config_base_dir: &Path,
@@ -367,13 +430,18 @@ fn deserialize_config_toml_with_base(
 pub async fn load_global_mcp_servers(
     codex_home: &Path,
 ) -> std::io::Result<BTreeMap<String, McpServerConfig>> {
-    let root_value = load_resolved_config(
-        codex_home,
-        Vec::new(),
-        crate::config_loader::LoaderOverrides::default(),
-    )
-    .await?;
-    let Some(servers_value) = root_value.get("mcp_servers") else {
+    // In general, Config::load_with_cli_overrides() should be used to load the
+    // full config with requirements.toml applied, but in this case, we need
+    // access to the raw TOML in order to warn the user about deprecated fields.
+    //
+    // Note that a more precise way to do this would be to audit the individual
+    // config layers for deprecated fields rather than reporting on the merged
+    // result.
+    let cli_overrides = Vec::<(String, TomlValue)>::new();
+    let config_layer_stack =
+        load_config_layers_state(codex_home, &cli_overrides, LoaderOverrides::default()).await?;
+    let merged_toml = config_layer_stack.effective_config();
+    let Some(servers_value) = merged_toml.get("mcp_servers") else {
         return Ok(BTreeMap::new());
     };
 
@@ -688,8 +756,8 @@ pub struct ConfigToml {
     pub notice: Option<Notice>,
 
     /// Legacy, now use features
-    pub experimental_instructions_file: Option<PathBuf>,
-    pub experimental_compact_prompt_file: Option<PathBuf>,
+    pub experimental_instructions_file: Option<AbsolutePathBuf>,
+    pub experimental_compact_prompt_file: Option<AbsolutePathBuf>,
     pub experimental_use_unified_exec_tool: Option<bool>,
     pub experimental_use_rmcp_client: Option<bool>,
     pub experimental_use_freeform_apply_patch: Option<bool>,
@@ -762,9 +830,11 @@ pub struct GhostSnapshotToml {
     #[serde(alias = "ignore_untracked_files_over_bytes")]
     pub ignore_large_untracked_files: Option<i64>,
     /// Ignore untracked directories that contain this many files or more.
-    /// (Still emits a warning.)
+    /// (Still emits a warning unless warnings are disabled.)
     #[serde(alias = "large_untracked_dir_warning_threshold")]
     pub ignore_large_untracked_dirs: Option<i64>,
+    /// Disable all ghost snapshot warning events.
+    pub disable_warnings: Option<bool>,
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
@@ -922,12 +992,22 @@ pub fn resolve_oss_provider(
 }
 
 impl Config {
-    /// Meant to be used exclusively for tests: `load_with_overrides()` should
-    /// be used in all other cases.
-    pub fn load_from_base_config_with_overrides(
+    #[cfg(test)]
+    fn load_from_base_config_with_overrides(
         cfg: ConfigToml,
         overrides: ConfigOverrides,
         codex_home: PathBuf,
+    ) -> std::io::Result<Self> {
+        // Note this ignores requirements.toml enforcement for tests.
+        let requirements = ConfigRequirements::default();
+        Self::load_config_with_requirements(cfg, overrides, codex_home, requirements)
+    }
+
+    fn load_config_with_requirements(
+        cfg: ConfigToml,
+        overrides: ConfigOverrides,
+        codex_home: PathBuf,
+        requirements: ConfigRequirements,
     ) -> std::io::Result<Self> {
         let user_instructions = Self::load_instructions(Some(&codex_home));
 
@@ -1026,15 +1106,15 @@ impl Config {
             .or(cfg.approval_policy)
             .unwrap_or_else(|| {
                 if active_project.is_trusted() {
-                    // If no explicit approval policy is set, but we trust cwd, default to OnRequest
                     AskForApproval::OnRequest
                 } else if active_project.is_untrusted() {
-                    // If project is explicitly marked untrusted, require approval for non-safe commands
                     AskForApproval::UnlessTrusted
                 } else {
                     AskForApproval::default()
                 }
             });
+        // TODO(dylan): We should be able to leverage ConfigLayerStack so that
+        // we can reliably check this at every config level.
         let did_user_set_custom_approval_policy_or_sandbox_mode = approval_policy_override
             .is_some()
             || config_profile.approval_policy.is_some()
@@ -1084,6 +1164,11 @@ impl Config {
                 config.ignore_large_untracked_dirs =
                     if threshold > 0 { Some(threshold) } else { None };
             }
+            if let Some(ghost_snapshot) = cfg.ghost_snapshot.as_ref()
+                && let Some(disable_warnings) = ghost_snapshot.disable_warnings
+            {
+                config.disable_warnings = disable_warnings;
+            }
             config
         };
 
@@ -1122,9 +1207,8 @@ impl Config {
             .experimental_instructions_file
             .as_ref()
             .or(cfg.experimental_instructions_file.as_ref());
-        let file_base_instructions = Self::load_override_from_file(
+        let file_base_instructions = Self::try_read_non_empty_file(
             experimental_instructions_path,
-            &resolved_cwd,
             "experimental instructions file",
         )?;
         let base_instructions = base_instructions.or(file_base_instructions);
@@ -1134,9 +1218,8 @@ impl Config {
             .experimental_compact_prompt_file
             .as_ref()
             .or(cfg.experimental_compact_prompt_file.as_ref());
-        let file_compact_prompt = Self::load_override_from_file(
+        let file_compact_prompt = Self::try_read_non_empty_file(
             experimental_compact_prompt_path,
-            &resolved_cwd,
             "experimental compact prompt file",
         )?;
         let compact_prompt = compact_prompt.or(file_compact_prompt);
@@ -1148,6 +1231,16 @@ impl Config {
 
         let check_for_update_on_startup = cfg.check_for_update_on_startup.unwrap_or(true);
 
+        // Ensure that every field of ConfigRequirements is applied to the final
+        // Config.
+        let ConfigRequirements {
+            approval_policy: mut constrained_approval_policy,
+        } = requirements;
+
+        constrained_approval_policy
+            .set(approval_policy)
+            .map_err(|e| std::io::Error::new(std::io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput, format!("{e}")))?;
+
         let config = Self {
             model,
             review_model,
@@ -1156,7 +1249,7 @@ impl Config {
             model_provider_id,
             model_provider,
             cwd: resolved_cwd,
-            approval_policy,
+            approval_policy: constrained_approval_policy,
             sandbox_policy,
             did_user_set_custom_approval_policy_or_sandbox_mode,
             forced_auto_mode_downgraded_on_windows,
@@ -1268,21 +1361,21 @@ impl Config {
         None
     }
 
-    fn load_override_from_file(
-        path: Option<&PathBuf>,
-        cwd: &Path,
-        description: &str,
+    /// If `path` is `Some`, attempts to read the file at the given path and
+    /// returns its contents as a trimmed `String`. If the file is empty, or
+    /// is `Some` but cannot be read, returns an `Err`.
+    fn try_read_non_empty_file(
+        path: Option<&AbsolutePathBuf>,
+        context: &str,
     ) -> std::io::Result<Option<String>> {
-        let Some(p) = path else {
+        let Some(path) = path else {
             return Ok(None);
         };
 
-        let full_path = resolve_path(cwd, p);
-
-        let contents = std::fs::read_to_string(&full_path).map_err(|e| {
+        let contents = std::fs::read_to_string(path).map_err(|e| {
             std::io::Error::new(
                 e.kind(),
-                format!("failed to read {description} {}: {e}", full_path.display()),
+                format!("failed to read {context} {}: {e}", path.display()),
             )
         })?;
 
@@ -1290,7 +1383,7 @@ impl Config {
         if s.is_empty() {
             Err(std::io::Error::new(
                 std::io::ErrorKind::InvalidData,
-                format!("{description} is empty: {}", full_path.display()),
+                format!("{context} is empty: {}", path.display()),
             ))
         } else {
             Ok(Some(s))
@@ -1847,18 +1940,22 @@ trust_level = "trusted"
         std::fs::write(&config_path, "mcp_oauth_credentials_store = \"file\"\n")?;
         std::fs::write(&managed_path, "mcp_oauth_credentials_store = \"keyring\"\n")?;
 
-        let overrides = crate::config_loader::LoaderOverrides {
+        let overrides = LoaderOverrides {
             managed_config_path: Some(managed_path.clone()),
             #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
             managed_preferences_base64: None,
         };
 
-        let root_value = load_resolved_config(codex_home.path(), Vec::new(), overrides).await?;
-        let cfg =
-            deserialize_config_toml_with_base(root_value, codex_home.path()).map_err(|e| {
-                tracing::error!("Failed to deserialize overridden config: {e}");
-                e
-            })?;
+        let config_layer_stack =
+            load_config_layers_state(codex_home.path(), &Vec::new(), overrides).await?;
+        let cfg = deserialize_config_toml_with_base(
+            config_layer_stack.effective_config(),
+            codex_home.path(),
+        )
+        .map_err(|e| {
+            tracing::error!("Failed to deserialize overridden config: {e}");
+            e
+        })?;
         assert_eq!(
             cfg.mcp_oauth_credentials_store,
             Some(OAuthCredentialsStoreMode::Keyring),
@@ -1962,24 +2059,27 @@ trust_level = "trusted"
         )?;
         std::fs::write(&managed_path, "model = \"managed_config\"\n")?;
 
-        let overrides = crate::config_loader::LoaderOverrides {
+        let overrides = LoaderOverrides {
             managed_config_path: Some(managed_path),
             #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
             managed_preferences_base64: None,
         };
 
-        let root_value = load_resolved_config(
+        let config_layer_stack = load_config_layers_state(
             codex_home.path(),
-            vec![("model".to_string(), TomlValue::String("cli".to_string()))],
+            &[("model".to_string(), TomlValue::String("cli".to_string()))],
             overrides,
         )
         .await?;
 
-        let cfg =
-            deserialize_config_toml_with_base(root_value, codex_home.path()).map_err(|e| {
-                tracing::error!("Failed to deserialize overridden config: {e}");
-                e
-            })?;
+        let cfg = deserialize_config_toml_with_base(
+            config_layer_stack.effective_config(),
+            codex_home.path(),
+        )
+        .map_err(|e| {
+            tracing::error!("Failed to deserialize overridden config: {e}");
+            e
+        })?;
 
         assert_eq!(cfg.model.as_deref(), Some("managed_config"));
         Ok(())
@@ -2794,7 +2894,9 @@ model = "gpt-5.1-codex"
         std::fs::write(&prompt_path, "  summarize differently  ")?;
 
         let cfg = ConfigToml {
-            experimental_compact_prompt_file: Some(PathBuf::from("compact_prompt.txt")),
+            experimental_compact_prompt_file: Some(AbsolutePathBuf::from_absolute_path(
+                prompt_path,
+            )?),
             ..Default::default()
         };
 
@@ -2945,7 +3047,7 @@ model_verbosity = "high"
                 model_auto_compact_token_limit: None,
                 model_provider_id: "openai".to_string(),
                 model_provider: fixture.openai_provider.clone(),
-                approval_policy: AskForApproval::Never,
+                approval_policy: Constrained::allow_any(AskForApproval::Never),
                 sandbox_policy: SandboxPolicy::new_read_only_policy(),
                 did_user_set_custom_approval_policy_or_sandbox_mode: true,
                 forced_auto_mode_downgraded_on_windows: false,
@@ -3020,7 +3122,7 @@ model_verbosity = "high"
             model_auto_compact_token_limit: None,
             model_provider_id: "openai-chat-completions".to_string(),
             model_provider: fixture.openai_chat_completions_provider.clone(),
-            approval_policy: AskForApproval::UnlessTrusted,
+            approval_policy: Constrained::allow_any(AskForApproval::UnlessTrusted),
             sandbox_policy: SandboxPolicy::new_read_only_policy(),
             did_user_set_custom_approval_policy_or_sandbox_mode: true,
             forced_auto_mode_downgraded_on_windows: false,
@@ -3110,7 +3212,7 @@ model_verbosity = "high"
             model_auto_compact_token_limit: None,
             model_provider_id: "openai".to_string(),
             model_provider: fixture.openai_provider.clone(),
-            approval_policy: AskForApproval::OnFailure,
+            approval_policy: Constrained::allow_any(AskForApproval::OnFailure),
             sandbox_policy: SandboxPolicy::new_read_only_policy(),
             did_user_set_custom_approval_policy_or_sandbox_mode: true,
             forced_auto_mode_downgraded_on_windows: false,
@@ -3186,7 +3288,7 @@ model_verbosity = "high"
             model_auto_compact_token_limit: None,
             model_provider_id: "openai".to_string(),
             model_provider: fixture.openai_provider.clone(),
-            approval_policy: AskForApproval::OnFailure,
+            approval_policy: Constrained::allow_any(AskForApproval::OnFailure),
             sandbox_policy: SandboxPolicy::new_read_only_policy(),
             did_user_set_custom_approval_policy_or_sandbox_mode: true,
             forced_auto_mode_downgraded_on_windows: false,
@@ -3500,26 +3602,21 @@ trust_level = "untrusted"
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn test_untrusted_project_gets_unless_trusted_approval_policy() -> std::io::Result<()> {
+    fn test_untrusted_project_gets_unless_trusted_approval_policy() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
         let codex_home = TempDir::new()?;
         let test_project_dir = TempDir::new()?;
         let test_path = test_project_dir.path();
 
-        let mut projects = std::collections::HashMap::new();
-        projects.insert(
-            test_path.to_string_lossy().to_string(),
-            ProjectConfig {
-                trust_level: Some(TrustLevel::Untrusted),
-            },
-        );
-
-        let cfg = ConfigToml {
-            projects: Some(projects),
-            ..Default::default()
-        };
-
         let config = Config::load_from_base_config_with_overrides(
-            cfg,
+            ConfigToml {
+                projects: Some(HashMap::from([(
+                    test_path.to_string_lossy().to_string(),
+                    ProjectConfig {
+                        trust_level: Some(TrustLevel::Untrusted),
+                    },
+                )])),
+                ..Default::default()
+            },
             ConfigOverrides {
                 cwd: Some(test_path.to_path_buf()),
                 ..Default::default()
@@ -3529,7 +3626,7 @@ trust_level = "untrusted"
 
         // Verify that untrusted projects get UnlessTrusted approval policy
         assert_eq!(
-            config.approval_policy,
+            config.approval_policy.value(),
             AskForApproval::UnlessTrusted,
             "Expected UnlessTrusted approval policy for untrusted project"
         );

codex-rs/core/src/config/profile.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
+use codex_utils_absolute_path::AbsolutePathBuf;
 use serde::Deserialize;
-use std::path::PathBuf;
 
 use crate::protocol::AskForApproval;
 use codex_protocol::config_types::ReasoningSummary;
@@ -21,8 +21,8 @@ pub struct ConfigProfile {
     pub model_reasoning_summary: Option<ReasoningSummary>,
     pub model_verbosity: Option<Verbosity>,
     pub chatgpt_base_url: Option<String>,
-    pub experimental_instructions_file: Option<PathBuf>,
-    pub experimental_compact_prompt_file: Option<PathBuf>,
+    pub experimental_instructions_file: Option<AbsolutePathBuf>,
+    pub experimental_compact_prompt_file: Option<AbsolutePathBuf>,
     pub include_apply_patch_tool: Option<bool>,
     pub experimental_use_unified_exec_tool: Option<bool>,
     pub experimental_use_rmcp_client: Option<bool>,

codex-rs/core/src/config/service.rs

@@ -7,10 +7,11 @@ use crate::config_loader::ConfigLayerStack;
 use crate::config_loader::LoaderOverrides;
 use crate::config_loader::load_config_layers_state;
 use crate::config_loader::merge_toml_values;
+use crate::path_utils;
 use codex_app_server_protocol::Config as ApiConfig;
 use codex_app_server_protocol::ConfigBatchWriteParams;
 use codex_app_server_protocol::ConfigLayerMetadata;
-use codex_app_server_protocol::ConfigLayerName;
+use codex_app_server_protocol::ConfigLayerSource;
 use codex_app_server_protocol::ConfigReadParams;
 use codex_app_server_protocol::ConfigReadResponse;
 use codex_app_server_protocol::ConfigValueWriteParams;
@@ -19,7 +20,9 @@ use codex_app_server_protocol::ConfigWriteResponse;
 use codex_app_server_protocol::MergeStrategy;
 use codex_app_server_protocol::OverriddenMetadata;
 use codex_app_server_protocol::WriteStatus;
+use codex_utils_absolute_path::AbsolutePathBuf;
 use serde_json::Value as JsonValue;
+use std::borrow::Cow;
 use std::path::Path;
 use std::path::PathBuf;
 use thiserror::Error;
@@ -145,7 +148,13 @@ impl ConfigService {
         Ok(ConfigReadResponse {
             config,
             origins: layers.origins(),
-            layers: params.include_layers.then(|| layers.layers_high_to_low()),
+            layers: params.include_layers.then(|| {
+                layers
+                    .layers_high_to_low()
+                    .iter()
+                    .map(|layer| layer.as_layer())
+                    .collect()
+            }),
         })
     }
 
@@ -193,11 +202,14 @@ impl ConfigService {
         expected_version: Option<String>,
         edits: Vec<(String, JsonValue, MergeStrategy)>,
     ) -> Result<ConfigWriteResponse, ConfigServiceError> {
-        let allowed_path = self.codex_home.join(CONFIG_TOML_FILE);
-        let provided_path = file_path
-            .as_ref()
-            .map(PathBuf::from)
-            .unwrap_or_else(|| allowed_path.clone());
+        let allowed_path =
+            AbsolutePathBuf::resolve_path_against_base(CONFIG_TOML_FILE, &self.codex_home)
+                .map_err(|err| ConfigServiceError::io("failed to resolve user config path", err))?;
+        let provided_path = match file_path {
+            Some(path) => AbsolutePathBuf::from_absolute_path(PathBuf::from(path))
+                .map_err(|err| ConfigServiceError::io("failed to resolve user config path", err))?,
+            None => allowed_path.clone(),
+        };
 
         if !paths_match(&allowed_path, &provided_path) {
             return Err(ConfigServiceError::write(
@@ -210,9 +222,13 @@ impl ConfigService {
             .load_layers_state()
             .await
             .map_err(|err| ConfigServiceError::io("failed to load configuration", err))?;
+        let user_layer = match layers.get_user_layer() {
+            Some(layer) => Cow::Borrowed(layer),
+            None => Cow::Owned(create_empty_user_layer(&allowed_path).await?),
+        };
 
         if let Some(expected) = expected_version.as_deref()
-            && expected != layers.user.version
+            && expected != user_layer.version
         {
             return Err(ConfigServiceError::write(
                 ConfigWriteErrorCode::ConfigVersionConflict,
@@ -220,7 +236,7 @@ impl ConfigService {
             ));
         }
 
-        let mut user_config = layers.user.config.clone();
+        let mut user_config = user_layer.config.clone();
         let mut parsed_segments = Vec::new();
         let mut config_edits = Vec::new();
 
@@ -272,7 +288,7 @@ impl ConfigService {
             )
         })?;
 
-        let updated_layers = layers.with_user_config(user_config.clone());
+        let updated_layers = layers.with_user_config(&provided_path, user_config.clone());
         let effective = updated_layers.effective_config();
         validate_config(&effective).map_err(|err| {
             ConfigServiceError::write(
@@ -295,16 +311,19 @@ impl ConfigService {
             .map(|_| WriteStatus::OkOverridden)
             .unwrap_or(WriteStatus::Ok);
 
-        let file_path = provided_path
-            .canonicalize()
-            .unwrap_or(provided_path.clone())
-            .display()
-            .to_string();
-
         Ok(ConfigWriteResponse {
             status,
-            version: updated_layers.user.version.clone(),
-            file_path,
+            version: updated_layers
+                .get_user_layer()
+                .ok_or_else(|| {
+                    ConfigServiceError::write(
+                        ConfigWriteErrorCode::UserLayerNotFound,
+                        "user layer not found in updated layers",
+                    )
+                })?
+                .version
+                .clone(),
+            file_path: provided_path,
             overridden_metadata: overridden,
         })
     }
@@ -319,6 +338,32 @@ impl ConfigService {
     }
 }
 
+async fn create_empty_user_layer(
+    config_toml: &AbsolutePathBuf,
+) -> Result<ConfigLayerEntry, ConfigServiceError> {
+    let toml_value = match tokio::fs::read_to_string(config_toml).await {
+        Ok(contents) => toml::from_str(&contents).map_err(|e| {
+            ConfigServiceError::toml("failed to parse existing user config.toml", e)
+        })?,
+        Err(e) => {
+            if e.kind() == std::io::ErrorKind::NotFound {
+                tokio::fs::write(config_toml, "").await.map_err(|e| {
+                    ConfigServiceError::io("failed to create empty user config.toml", e)
+                })?;
+                TomlValue::Table(toml::map::Map::new())
+            } else {
+                return Err(ConfigServiceError::io("failed to read user config.toml", e));
+            }
+        }
+    };
+    Ok(ConfigLayerEntry::new(
+        ConfigLayerSource::User {
+            file: config_toml.clone(),
+        },
+        toml_value,
+    ))
+}
+
 fn parse_value(value: JsonValue) -> Result<Option<TomlValue>, String> {
     if value.is_null() {
         return Ok(None);
@@ -469,14 +514,15 @@ fn validate_config(value: &TomlValue) -> Result<(), toml::de::Error> {
     Ok(())
 }
 
-fn paths_match(expected: &Path, provided: &Path) -> bool {
-    if let (Ok(expanded_expected), Ok(expanded_provided)) =
-        (expected.canonicalize(), provided.canonicalize())
-    {
-        return expanded_expected == expanded_provided;
+fn paths_match(expected: impl AsRef<Path>, provided: impl AsRef<Path>) -> bool {
+    if let (Ok(expanded_expected), Ok(expanded_provided)) = (
+        path_utils::normalize_for_path_comparison(&expected),
+        path_utils::normalize_for_path_comparison(&provided),
+    ) {
+        expanded_expected == expanded_provided
+    } else {
+        expected.as_ref() == provided.as_ref()
     }
-
-    expected == provided
 }
 
 fn value_at_path<'a>(root: &'a TomlValue, segments: &[String]) -> Option<&'a TomlValue> {
@@ -497,12 +543,27 @@ fn value_at_path<'a>(root: &'a TomlValue, segments: &[String]) -> Option<&'a Tom
     Some(current)
 }
 
-fn override_message(layer: &ConfigLayerName) -> String {
+fn override_message(layer: &ConfigLayerSource) -> String {
     match layer {
-        ConfigLayerName::Mdm => "Overridden by managed policy (mdm)".to_string(),
-        ConfigLayerName::System => "Overridden by managed config (system)".to_string(),
-        ConfigLayerName::SessionFlags => "Overridden by session flags".to_string(),
-        ConfigLayerName::User => "Overridden by user config".to_string(),
+        ConfigLayerSource::Mdm { domain, key: _ } => {
+            format!("Overridden by managed policy (MDM): {domain}")
+        }
+        ConfigLayerSource::System { file } => {
+            format!("Overridden by managed config (system): {}", file.display())
+        }
+        ConfigLayerSource::SessionFlags => "Overridden by session flags".to_string(),
+        ConfigLayerSource::User { file } => {
+            format!("Overridden by user config: {}", file.display())
+        }
+        ConfigLayerSource::LegacyManagedConfigTomlFromFile { file } => {
+            format!(
+                "Overridden by legacy managed_config.toml: {}",
+                file.display()
+            )
+        }
+        ConfigLayerSource::LegacyManagedConfigTomlFromMdm => {
+            "Overridden by legacy managed configuration from MDM".to_string()
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -511,7 +572,10 @@ fn compute_override_metadata(
     effective: &TomlValue,
     segments: &[String],
 ) -> Option<OverriddenMetadata> {
-    let user_value = value_at_path(&layers.user.config, segments);
+    let user_value = match layers.get_user_layer() {
+        Some(user_layer) => value_at_path(&user_layer.config, segments),
+        None => return None,
+    };
     let effective_value = value_at_path(effective, segments);
 
     if user_value.is_some() && user_value == effective_value {
@@ -522,8 +586,7 @@ fn compute_override_metadata(
         return None;
     }
 
-    let effective_layer = find_effective_layer(layers, segments);
-    let overriding_layer = effective_layer.unwrap_or_else(|| layers.user.metadata());
+    let overriding_layer = find_effective_layer(layers, segments)?;
     let message = override_message(&overriding_layer.name);
 
     Some(OverriddenMetadata {
@@ -552,23 +615,13 @@ fn find_effective_layer(
     layers: &ConfigLayerStack,
     segments: &[String],
 ) -> Option<ConfigLayerMetadata> {
-    let check =
-        |state: &ConfigLayerEntry| value_at_path(&state.config, segments).map(|_| state.metadata());
+    for layer in layers.layers_high_to_low() {
+        if let Some(meta) = value_at_path(&layer.config, segments).map(|_| layer.metadata()) {
+            return Some(meta);
+        }
+    }
 
-    if let Some(mdm) = &layers.mdm
-        && let Some(meta) = check(mdm)
-    {
-        return Some(meta);
-    }
-    if let Some(system) = &layers.system
-        && let Some(meta) = check(system)
-    {
-        return Some(meta);
-    }
-    if let Some(meta) = check(&layers.session_flags) {
-        return Some(meta);
-    }
-    check(&layers.user)
+    None
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
@@ -576,6 +629,7 @@ mod tests {
     use super::*;
     use anyhow::Result;
     use codex_app_server_protocol::AskForApproval;
+    use codex_utils_absolute_path::AbsolutePathBuf;
     use pretty_assertions::assert_eq;
     use tempfile::tempdir;
 
@@ -677,16 +731,19 @@ remote_compaction = true
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn read_includes_origins_and_layers() {
         let tmp = tempdir().expect("tempdir");
-        std::fs::write(tmp.path().join(CONFIG_TOML_FILE), "model = \"user\"").unwrap();
+        let user_path = tmp.path().join(CONFIG_TOML_FILE);
+        std::fs::write(&user_path, "model = \"user\"").unwrap();
+        let user_file = AbsolutePathBuf::try_from(user_path.clone()).expect("user file");
 
         let managed_path = tmp.path().join("managed_config.toml");
         std::fs::write(&managed_path, "approval_policy = \"never\"").unwrap();
+        let managed_file = AbsolutePathBuf::try_from(managed_path.clone()).expect("managed file");
 
         let service = ConfigService::with_overrides(
             tmp.path().to_path_buf(),
             vec![],
             LoaderOverrides {
-                managed_config_path: Some(managed_path),
+                managed_config_path: Some(managed_path.clone()),
                 #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
                 managed_preferences_base64: None,
             },
@@ -707,12 +764,20 @@ remote_compaction = true
                 .get("approval_policy")
                 .expect("origin")
                 .name,
-            ConfigLayerName::System
+            ConfigLayerSource::LegacyManagedConfigTomlFromFile {
+                file: managed_file.clone()
+            },
         );
         let layers = response.layers.expect("layers present");
-        assert_eq!(layers.first().unwrap().name, ConfigLayerName::System);
-        assert_eq!(layers.get(1).unwrap().name, ConfigLayerName::SessionFlags);
-        assert_eq!(layers.last().unwrap().name, ConfigLayerName::User);
+        assert_eq!(layers.len(), 2, "expected two layers");
+        assert_eq!(
+            layers.first().unwrap().name,
+            ConfigLayerSource::LegacyManagedConfigTomlFromFile { file: managed_file }
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            layers.get(1).unwrap().name,
+            ConfigLayerSource::User { file: user_file }
+        );
     }
 
     #[tokio::test]
@@ -726,12 +791,13 @@ remote_compaction = true
 
         let managed_path = tmp.path().join("managed_config.toml");
         std::fs::write(&managed_path, "approval_policy = \"never\"").unwrap();
+        let managed_file = AbsolutePathBuf::try_from(managed_path.clone()).expect("managed file");
 
         let service = ConfigService::with_overrides(
             tmp.path().to_path_buf(),
             vec![],
             LoaderOverrides {
-                managed_config_path: Some(managed_path),
+                managed_config_path: Some(managed_path.clone()),
                 #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
                 managed_preferences_base64: None,
             },
@@ -764,7 +830,9 @@ remote_compaction = true
                 .get("approval_policy")
                 .expect("origin")
                 .name,
-            ConfigLayerName::System
+            ConfigLayerSource::LegacyManagedConfigTomlFromFile {
+                file: managed_file.clone()
+            }
         );
         assert_eq!(result.status, WriteStatus::Ok);
         assert!(result.overridden_metadata.is_none());
@@ -773,7 +841,8 @@ remote_compaction = true
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn version_conflict_rejected() {
         let tmp = tempdir().expect("tempdir");
-        std::fs::write(tmp.path().join(CONFIG_TOML_FILE), "model = \"user\"").unwrap();
+        let user_path = tmp.path().join(CONFIG_TOML_FILE);
+        std::fs::write(&user_path, "model = \"user\"").unwrap();
 
         let service = ConfigService::new(tmp.path().to_path_buf(), vec![]);
         let error = service
@@ -830,7 +899,7 @@ remote_compaction = true
             tmp.path().to_path_buf(),
             vec![],
             LoaderOverrides {
-                managed_config_path: Some(managed_path),
+                managed_config_path: Some(managed_path.clone()),
                 #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
                 managed_preferences_base64: None,
             },
@@ -860,10 +929,13 @@ remote_compaction = true
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn read_reports_managed_overrides_user_and_session_flags() {
         let tmp = tempdir().expect("tempdir");
-        std::fs::write(tmp.path().join(CONFIG_TOML_FILE), "model = \"user\"").unwrap();
+        let user_path = tmp.path().join(CONFIG_TOML_FILE);
+        std::fs::write(&user_path, "model = \"user\"").unwrap();
+        let user_file = AbsolutePathBuf::try_from(user_path.clone()).expect("user file");
 
         let managed_path = tmp.path().join("managed_config.toml");
         std::fs::write(&managed_path, "model = \"system\"").unwrap();
+        let managed_file = AbsolutePathBuf::try_from(managed_path.clone()).expect("managed file");
 
         let cli_overrides = vec![(
             "model".to_string(),
@@ -874,7 +946,7 @@ remote_compaction = true
             tmp.path().to_path_buf(),
             cli_overrides,
             LoaderOverrides {
-                managed_config_path: Some(managed_path),
+                managed_config_path: Some(managed_path.clone()),
                 #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
                 managed_preferences_base64: None,
             },
@@ -890,12 +962,20 @@ remote_compaction = true
         assert_eq!(response.config.model.as_deref(), Some("system"));
         assert_eq!(
             response.origins.get("model").expect("origin").name,
-            ConfigLayerName::System
+            ConfigLayerSource::LegacyManagedConfigTomlFromFile {
+                file: managed_file.clone()
+            },
         );
         let layers = response.layers.expect("layers");
-        assert_eq!(layers.first().unwrap().name, ConfigLayerName::System);
-        assert_eq!(layers.get(1).unwrap().name, ConfigLayerName::SessionFlags);
-        assert_eq!(layers.get(2).unwrap().name, ConfigLayerName::User);
+        assert_eq!(
+            layers.first().unwrap().name,
+            ConfigLayerSource::LegacyManagedConfigTomlFromFile { file: managed_file }
+        );
+        assert_eq!(layers.get(1).unwrap().name, ConfigLayerSource::SessionFlags);
+        assert_eq!(
+            layers.get(2).unwrap().name,
+            ConfigLayerSource::User { file: user_file }
+        );
     }
 
     #[tokio::test]
@@ -905,12 +985,13 @@ remote_compaction = true
 
         let managed_path = tmp.path().join("managed_config.toml");
         std::fs::write(&managed_path, "approval_policy = \"never\"").unwrap();
+        let managed_file = AbsolutePathBuf::try_from(managed_path.clone()).expect("managed file");
 
         let service = ConfigService::with_overrides(
             tmp.path().to_path_buf(),
             vec![],
             LoaderOverrides {
-                managed_config_path: Some(managed_path),
+                managed_config_path: Some(managed_path.clone()),
                 #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
                 managed_preferences_base64: None,
             },
@@ -929,7 +1010,10 @@ remote_compaction = true
 
         assert_eq!(result.status, WriteStatus::OkOverridden);
         let overridden = result.overridden_metadata.expect("overridden metadata");
-        assert_eq!(overridden.overriding_layer.name, ConfigLayerName::System);
+        assert_eq!(
+            overridden.overriding_layer.name,
+            ConfigLayerSource::LegacyManagedConfigTomlFromFile { file: managed_file }
+        );
         assert_eq!(overridden.effective_value, serde_json::json!("never"));
     }
 

codex-rs/core/src/config/types.rs

@@ -474,17 +474,17 @@ pub type EnvironmentVariablePattern = WildMatchPattern<'*', '?'>;
 /// Deriving the `env` based on this policy works as follows:
 /// 1. Create an initial map based on the `inherit` policy.
 /// 2. If `ignore_default_excludes` is false, filter the map using the default
-///    exclude pattern(s), which are: `"*KEY*"` and `"*TOKEN*"`.
+///    exclude pattern(s), which are: `"*KEY*"`, `"*SECRET*"`, and `"*TOKEN*"`.
 /// 3. If `exclude` is not empty, filter the map using the provided patterns.
 /// 4. Insert any entries from `r#set` into the map.
 /// 5. If non-empty, filter the map using the `include_only` patterns.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Default)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
 pub struct ShellEnvironmentPolicy {
     /// Starting point when building the environment.
     pub inherit: ShellEnvironmentPolicyInherit,
 
     /// True to skip the check to exclude default environment variables that
-    /// contain "KEY" or "TOKEN" in their name.
+    /// contain "KEY", "SECRET", or "TOKEN" in their name. Defaults to true.
     pub ignore_default_excludes: bool,
 
     /// Environment variable names to exclude from the environment.
@@ -504,7 +504,7 @@ impl From<ShellEnvironmentPolicyToml> for ShellEnvironmentPolicy {
     fn from(toml: ShellEnvironmentPolicyToml) -> Self {
         // Default to inheriting the full environment when not specified.
         let inherit = toml.inherit.unwrap_or(ShellEnvironmentPolicyInherit::All);
-        let ignore_default_excludes = toml.ignore_default_excludes.unwrap_or(false);
+        let ignore_default_excludes = toml.ignore_default_excludes.unwrap_or(true);
         let exclude = toml
             .exclude
             .unwrap_or_default()
@@ -531,6 +531,19 @@ impl From<ShellEnvironmentPolicyToml> for ShellEnvironmentPolicy {
     }
 }
 
+impl Default for ShellEnvironmentPolicy {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            inherit: ShellEnvironmentPolicyInherit::All,
+            ignore_default_excludes: true,
+            exclude: Vec::new(),
+            r#set: HashMap::new(),
+            include_only: Vec::new(),
+            use_profile: false,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::*;

codex-rs/core/src/config_loader/README.md

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ Exported from `codex_core::config_loader`:
   - `origins() -> HashMap<String, ConfigLayerMetadata>`
   - `layers_high_to_low() -> Vec<ConfigLayer>`
   - `with_user_config(user_config) -> ConfigLayerStack`
-- `ConfigLayerEntry` (one layer’s `{name, source, config, version}`)
+- `ConfigLayerEntry` (one layer’s `{name, config, version}`; `name` carries source metadata)
 - `LoaderOverrides` (test/override hooks for managed config sources)
 - `merge_toml_values(base, overlay)` (public helper used elsewhere)
 
@@ -61,4 +61,3 @@ Implementation is split by concern:
 - `merge.rs`: recursive TOML merge.
 - `fingerprint.rs`: stable per-layer hashing and per-key origins traversal.
 - `macos.rs`: managed preferences integration (macOS only).
-

codex-rs/core/src/config_loader/config_requirements.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+use codex_protocol::protocol::AskForApproval;
+use serde::Deserialize;
+
+use crate::config::Constrained;
+use crate::config::ConstraintError;
+
+/// Normalized version of [`ConfigRequirementsToml`] after deserialization and
+/// normalization.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
+pub struct ConfigRequirements {
+    pub approval_policy: Constrained<AskForApproval>,
+}
+
+impl Default for ConfigRequirements {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            approval_policy: Constrained::allow_any_from_default(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Base config deserialized from /etc/codex/requirements.toml or MDM.
+#[derive(Deserialize, Debug, Clone, Default, PartialEq)]
+pub struct ConfigRequirementsToml {
+    pub allowed_approval_policies: Option<Vec<AskForApproval>>,
+}
+
+impl ConfigRequirementsToml {
+    /// For every field in `other` that is `Some`, if the corresponding field in
+    /// `self` is `None`, copy the value from `other` into `self`.
+    pub fn merge_unset_fields(&mut self, mut other: ConfigRequirementsToml) {
+        macro_rules! fill_missing_take {
+            ($base:expr, $other:expr, { $($field:ident),+ $(,)? }) => {
+                $(
+                    if $base.$field.is_none() {
+                        if let Some(value) = $other.$field.take() {
+                            $base.$field = Some(value);
+                        }
+                    }
+                )+
+            };
+        }
+
+        fill_missing_take!(self, other, { allowed_approval_policies });
+    }
+}
+
+impl TryFrom<ConfigRequirementsToml> for ConfigRequirements {
+    type Error = ConstraintError;
+
+    fn try_from(toml: ConfigRequirementsToml) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        let approval_policy: Constrained<AskForApproval> = match toml.allowed_approval_policies {
+            Some(policies) => {
+                let default_value = AskForApproval::default();
+                if policies.contains(&default_value) {
+                    Constrained::allow_values(default_value, policies)?
+                } else if let Some(first) = policies.first() {
+                    Constrained::allow_values(*first, policies)?
+                } else {
+                    return Err(ConstraintError::empty_field("allowed_approval_policies"));
+                }
+            }
+            None => Constrained::allow_any_from_default(),
+        };
+        Ok(ConfigRequirements { approval_policy })
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use anyhow::Result;
+    use pretty_assertions::assert_eq;
+    use toml::from_str;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn merge_unset_fields_only_fills_missing_values() -> Result<()> {
+        let source: ConfigRequirementsToml = from_str(
+            r#"
+                allowed_approval_policies = ["on-request"]
+            "#,
+        )?;
+
+        let mut empty_target: ConfigRequirementsToml = from_str(
+            r#"
+                # intentionally left unset
+            "#,
+        )?;
+        empty_target.merge_unset_fields(source.clone());
+        assert_eq!(
+            empty_target.allowed_approval_policies,
+            Some(vec![AskForApproval::OnRequest])
+        );
+
+        let mut populated_target: ConfigRequirementsToml = from_str(
+            r#"
+                allowed_approval_policies = ["never"]
+            "#,
+        )?;
+        populated_target.merge_unset_fields(source);
+        assert_eq!(
+            populated_target.allowed_approval_policies,
+            Some(vec![AskForApproval::Never])
+        );
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}

codex-rs/core/src/config_loader/layer_io.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use super::LoaderOverrides;
+#[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
 use super::macos::load_managed_admin_config_layer;
-use super::overrides::default_empty_table;
-use crate::config::CONFIG_TOML_FILE;
+use codex_utils_absolute_path::AbsolutePathBuf;
 use std::io;
 use std::path::Path;
 use std::path::PathBuf;
@@ -11,11 +11,18 @@ use toml::Value as TomlValue;
 #[cfg(unix)]
 const CODEX_MANAGED_CONFIG_SYSTEM_PATH: &str = "/etc/codex/managed_config.toml";
 
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub(super) struct MangedConfigFromFile {
+    pub managed_config: TomlValue,
+    pub file: AbsolutePathBuf,
+}
+
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub(super) struct LoadedConfigLayers {
-    pub base: TomlValue,
-    pub managed_config: Option<TomlValue>,
-    pub managed_preferences: Option<TomlValue>,
+    /// If present, data read from a file such as `/etc/codex/managed_config.toml`.
+    pub managed_config: Option<MangedConfigFromFile>,
+    /// If present, data read from managed preferences (macOS only).
+    pub managed_config_from_mdm: Option<TomlValue>,
 }
 
 pub(super) async fn load_config_layers_internal(
@@ -33,49 +40,52 @@ pub(super) async fn load_config_layers_internal(
         managed_config_path,
     } = overrides;
 
-    let managed_config_path =
-        managed_config_path.unwrap_or_else(|| managed_config_default_path(codex_home));
+    let managed_config_path = AbsolutePathBuf::from_absolute_path(
+        managed_config_path.unwrap_or_else(|| managed_config_default_path(codex_home)),
+    )?;
 
-    let user_config_path = codex_home.join(CONFIG_TOML_FILE);
-    let user_config = read_config_from_path(&user_config_path, true).await?;
-    let managed_config = read_config_from_path(&managed_config_path, false).await?;
+    let managed_config = read_config_from_path(&managed_config_path, false)
+        .await?
+        .map(|managed_config| MangedConfigFromFile {
+            managed_config,
+            file: managed_config_path.clone(),
+        });
 
     #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
     let managed_preferences =
         load_managed_admin_config_layer(managed_preferences_base64.as_deref()).await?;
 
     #[cfg(not(target_os = "macos"))]
-    let managed_preferences = load_managed_admin_config_layer(None).await?;
+    let managed_preferences = None;
 
     Ok(LoadedConfigLayers {
-        base: user_config.unwrap_or_else(default_empty_table),
         managed_config,
-        managed_preferences,
+        managed_config_from_mdm: managed_preferences,
     })
 }
 
 pub(super) async fn read_config_from_path(
-    path: &Path,
+    path: impl AsRef<Path>,
     log_missing_as_info: bool,
 ) -> io::Result<Option<TomlValue>> {
-    match fs::read_to_string(path).await {
+    match fs::read_to_string(path.as_ref()).await {
         Ok(contents) => match toml::from_str::<TomlValue>(&contents) {
             Ok(value) => Ok(Some(value)),
             Err(err) => {
-                tracing::error!("Failed to parse {}: {err}", path.display());
+                tracing::error!("Failed to parse {}: {err}", path.as_ref().display());
                 Err(io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidData, err))
             }
         },
         Err(err) if err.kind() == io::ErrorKind::NotFound => {
             if log_missing_as_info {
-                tracing::info!("{} not found, using defaults", path.display());
+                tracing::info!("{} not found, using defaults", path.as_ref().display());
             } else {
-                tracing::debug!("{} not found", path.display());
+                tracing::debug!("{} not found", path.as_ref().display());
             }
             Ok(None)
         }
         Err(err) => {
-            tracing::error!("Failed to read {}: {err}", path.display());
+            tracing::error!("Failed to read {}: {err}", path.as_ref().display());
             Err(err)
         }
     }

codex-rs/core/src/config_loader/macos.rs

@@ -1,118 +1,100 @@
+use base64::Engine;
+use base64::prelude::BASE64_STANDARD;
+use core_foundation::base::TCFType;
+use core_foundation::string::CFString;
+use core_foundation::string::CFStringRef;
+use std::ffi::c_void;
 use std::io;
+use tokio::task;
 use toml::Value as TomlValue;
 
-#[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
-mod native {
-    use super::*;
-    use base64::Engine;
-    use base64::prelude::BASE64_STANDARD;
-    use core_foundation::base::TCFType;
-    use core_foundation::string::CFString;
-    use core_foundation::string::CFStringRef;
-    use std::ffi::c_void;
-    use tokio::task;
+const MANAGED_PREFERENCES_APPLICATION_ID: &str = "com.openai.codex";
+const MANAGED_PREFERENCES_CONFIG_KEY: &str = "config_toml_base64";
 
-    pub(crate) async fn load_managed_admin_config_layer(
-        override_base64: Option<&str>,
-    ) -> io::Result<Option<TomlValue>> {
-        if let Some(encoded) = override_base64 {
-            let trimmed = encoded.trim();
-            return if trimmed.is_empty() {
-                Ok(None)
-            } else {
-                parse_managed_preferences_base64(trimmed).map(Some)
-            };
-        }
-
-        const LOAD_ERROR: &str = "Failed to load managed preferences configuration";
-
-        match task::spawn_blocking(load_managed_admin_config).await {
-            Ok(result) => result,
-            Err(join_err) => {
-                if join_err.is_cancelled() {
-                    tracing::error!("Managed preferences load task was cancelled");
-                } else {
-                    tracing::error!("Managed preferences load task failed: {join_err}");
-                }
-                Err(io::Error::other(LOAD_ERROR))
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub(super) fn load_managed_admin_config() -> io::Result<Option<TomlValue>> {
-        #[link(name = "CoreFoundation", kind = "framework")]
-        unsafe extern "C" {
-            fn CFPreferencesCopyAppValue(
-                key: CFStringRef,
-                application_id: CFStringRef,
-            ) -> *mut c_void;
-        }
-
-        const MANAGED_PREFERENCES_APPLICATION_ID: &str = "com.openai.codex";
-        const MANAGED_PREFERENCES_CONFIG_KEY: &str = "config_toml_base64";
-
-        let application_id = CFString::new(MANAGED_PREFERENCES_APPLICATION_ID);
-        let key = CFString::new(MANAGED_PREFERENCES_CONFIG_KEY);
-
-        let value_ref = unsafe {
-            CFPreferencesCopyAppValue(
-                key.as_concrete_TypeRef(),
-                application_id.as_concrete_TypeRef(),
-            )
-        };
-
-        if value_ref.is_null() {
-            tracing::debug!(
-                "Managed preferences for {} key {} not found",
-                MANAGED_PREFERENCES_APPLICATION_ID,
-                MANAGED_PREFERENCES_CONFIG_KEY
-            );
-            return Ok(None);
-        }
-
-        let value = unsafe { CFString::wrap_under_create_rule(value_ref as _) };
-        let contents = value.to_string();
-        let trimmed = contents.trim();
-
-        parse_managed_preferences_base64(trimmed).map(Some)
-    }
-
-    pub(super) fn parse_managed_preferences_base64(encoded: &str) -> io::Result<TomlValue> {
-        let decoded = BASE64_STANDARD.decode(encoded.as_bytes()).map_err(|err| {
-            tracing::error!("Failed to decode managed preferences as base64: {err}");
-            io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidData, err)
-        })?;
-
-        let decoded_str = String::from_utf8(decoded).map_err(|err| {
-            tracing::error!("Managed preferences base64 contents were not valid UTF-8: {err}");
-            io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidData, err)
-        })?;
-
-        match toml::from_str::<TomlValue>(&decoded_str) {
-            Ok(TomlValue::Table(parsed)) => Ok(TomlValue::Table(parsed)),
-            Ok(other) => {
-                tracing::error!(
-                    "Managed preferences TOML must have a table at the root, found {other:?}",
-                );
-                Err(io::Error::new(
-                    io::ErrorKind::InvalidData,
-                    "managed preferences root must be a table",
-                ))
-            }
-            Err(err) => {
-                tracing::error!("Failed to parse managed preferences TOML: {err}");
-                Err(io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidData, err))
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-#[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
-pub(crate) use native::load_managed_admin_config_layer;
-
-#[cfg(not(target_os = "macos"))]
 pub(crate) async fn load_managed_admin_config_layer(
-    _override_base64: Option<&str>,
+    override_base64: Option<&str>,
 ) -> io::Result<Option<TomlValue>> {
-    Ok(None)
+    if let Some(encoded) = override_base64 {
+        let trimmed = encoded.trim();
+        return if trimmed.is_empty() {
+            Ok(None)
+        } else {
+            parse_managed_preferences_base64(trimmed).map(Some)
+        };
+    }
+
+    const LOAD_ERROR: &str = "Failed to load managed preferences configuration";
+
+    match task::spawn_blocking(load_managed_admin_config).await {
+        Ok(result) => result,
+        Err(join_err) => {
+            if join_err.is_cancelled() {
+                tracing::error!("Managed preferences load task was cancelled");
+            } else {
+                tracing::error!("Managed preferences load task failed: {join_err}");
+            }
+            Err(io::Error::other(LOAD_ERROR))
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn load_managed_admin_config() -> io::Result<Option<TomlValue>> {
+    #[link(name = "CoreFoundation", kind = "framework")]
+    unsafe extern "C" {
+        fn CFPreferencesCopyAppValue(key: CFStringRef, application_id: CFStringRef) -> *mut c_void;
+    }
+
+    let application_id = CFString::new(MANAGED_PREFERENCES_APPLICATION_ID);
+    let key = CFString::new(MANAGED_PREFERENCES_CONFIG_KEY);
+
+    let value_ref = unsafe {
+        CFPreferencesCopyAppValue(
+            key.as_concrete_TypeRef(),
+            application_id.as_concrete_TypeRef(),
+        )
+    };
+
+    if value_ref.is_null() {
+        tracing::debug!(
+            "Managed preferences for {} key {} not found",
+            MANAGED_PREFERENCES_APPLICATION_ID,
+            MANAGED_PREFERENCES_CONFIG_KEY
+        );
+        return Ok(None);
+    }
+
+    let value = unsafe { CFString::wrap_under_create_rule(value_ref as _) };
+    let contents = value.to_string();
+    let trimmed = contents.trim();
+
+    parse_managed_preferences_base64(trimmed).map(Some)
+}
+
+fn parse_managed_preferences_base64(encoded: &str) -> io::Result<TomlValue> {
+    let decoded = BASE64_STANDARD.decode(encoded.as_bytes()).map_err(|err| {
+        tracing::error!("Failed to decode managed preferences as base64: {err}");
+        io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidData, err)
+    })?;
+
+    let decoded_str = String::from_utf8(decoded).map_err(|err| {
+        tracing::error!("Managed preferences base64 contents were not valid UTF-8: {err}");
+        io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidData, err)
+    })?;
+
+    match toml::from_str::<TomlValue>(&decoded_str) {
+        Ok(TomlValue::Table(parsed)) => Ok(TomlValue::Table(parsed)),
+        Ok(other) => {
+            tracing::error!(
+                "Managed preferences TOML must have a table at the root, found {other:?}",
+            );
+            Err(io::Error::new(
+                io::ErrorKind::InvalidData,
+                "managed preferences root must be a table",
+            ))
+        }
+        Err(err) => {
+            tracing::error!("Failed to parse managed preferences TOML: {err}");
+            Err(io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidData, err))
+        }
+    }
 }

codex-rs/core/src/config_loader/mod.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
+mod config_requirements;
 mod fingerprint;
 mod layer_io;
+#[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
 mod macos;
 mod merge;
 mod overrides;
@@ -9,66 +11,244 @@ mod state;
 mod tests;
 
 use crate::config::CONFIG_TOML_FILE;
-use codex_app_server_protocol::ConfigLayerName;
+use crate::config_loader::config_requirements::ConfigRequirementsToml;
+use crate::config_loader::layer_io::LoadedConfigLayers;
+use codex_app_server_protocol::ConfigLayerSource;
+use codex_protocol::protocol::AskForApproval;
+use codex_utils_absolute_path::AbsolutePathBuf;
+use serde::Deserialize;
 use std::io;
 use std::path::Path;
-use std::path::PathBuf;
 use toml::Value as TomlValue;
 
+pub use config_requirements::ConfigRequirements;
 pub use merge::merge_toml_values;
 pub use state::ConfigLayerEntry;
 pub use state::ConfigLayerStack;
 pub use state::LoaderOverrides;
 
-const SESSION_FLAGS_SOURCE: &str = "--config";
-const MDM_SOURCE: &str = "com.openai.codex/config_toml_base64";
+/// On Unix systems, load requirements from this file path, if present.
+const DEFAULT_REQUIREMENTS_TOML_FILE_UNIX: &str = "/etc/codex/requirements.toml";
 
-/// Configuration layering pipeline (top overrides bottom):
+/// To build up the set of admin-enforced constraints, we build up from multiple
+/// configuration layers in the following order, but a constraint defined in an
+/// earlier layer cannot be overridden by a later layer:
 ///
-///        +-------------------------+
-///        | Managed preferences (*) |
-///        +-------------------------+
-///                    ^
-///                    |
-///        +-------------------------+
-///        |  managed_config.toml   |
-///        +-------------------------+
-///                    ^
-///                    |
-///        +-------------------------+
-///        |    config.toml (base)   |
-///        +-------------------------+
+/// - admin:    managed preferences (*)
+/// - system    `/etc/codex/requirements.toml`
+///
+/// For backwards compatibility, we also load from
+/// `/etc/codex/managed_config.toml` and map it to
+/// `/etc/codex/requirements.toml`.
+///
+/// Configuration is built up from multiple layers in the following order:
+///
+/// - admin:    managed preferences (*)
+/// - system    `/etc/codex/config.toml`
+/// - user      `${CODEX_HOME}/config.toml`
+/// - cwd       `${PWD}/config.toml`
+/// - tree      parent directories up to root looking for `./.codex/config.toml`
+/// - repo      `$(git rev-parse --show-toplevel)/.codex/config.toml`
+/// - runtime   e.g., --config flags, model selector in UI
 ///
 /// (*) Only available on macOS via managed device profiles.
+///
+/// See https://developers.openai.com/codex/security for details.
 pub async fn load_config_layers_state(
     codex_home: &Path,
     cli_overrides: &[(String, TomlValue)],
     overrides: LoaderOverrides,
 ) -> io::Result<ConfigLayerStack> {
-    let managed_config_path = overrides
-        .managed_config_path
-        .clone()
-        .unwrap_or_else(|| layer_io::managed_config_default_path(codex_home));
+    let mut config_requirements_toml = ConfigRequirementsToml::default();
 
-    let layers = layer_io::load_config_layers_internal(codex_home, overrides).await?;
-    let cli_overrides = overrides::build_cli_overrides_layer(cli_overrides);
+    // TODO(mbolin): Support an entry in MDM for config requirements and use it
+    // with `config_requirements_toml.merge_unset_fields(...)`, if present.
 
-    Ok(ConfigLayerStack {
-        user: ConfigLayerEntry::new(
-            ConfigLayerName::User,
-            codex_home.join(CONFIG_TOML_FILE),
-            layers.base,
-        ),
-        session_flags: ConfigLayerEntry::new(
-            ConfigLayerName::SessionFlags,
-            PathBuf::from(SESSION_FLAGS_SOURCE),
-            cli_overrides,
-        ),
-        system: layers.managed_config.map(|cfg| {
-            ConfigLayerEntry::new(ConfigLayerName::System, managed_config_path.clone(), cfg)
-        }),
-        mdm: layers
-            .managed_preferences
-            .map(|cfg| ConfigLayerEntry::new(ConfigLayerName::Mdm, PathBuf::from(MDM_SOURCE), cfg)),
-    })
+    // Honor /etc/codex/requirements.toml.
+    if cfg!(unix) {
+        load_requirements_toml(
+            &mut config_requirements_toml,
+            DEFAULT_REQUIREMENTS_TOML_FILE_UNIX,
+        )
+        .await?;
+    }
+
+    // Make a best-effort to support the legacy `managed_config.toml` as a
+    // requirements specification.
+    let loaded_config_layers = layer_io::load_config_layers_internal(codex_home, overrides).await?;
+    load_requirements_from_legacy_scheme(
+        &mut config_requirements_toml,
+        loaded_config_layers.clone(),
+    )
+    .await?;
+
+    let mut layers = Vec::<ConfigLayerEntry>::new();
+
+    // TODO(mbolin): Honor managed preferences (macOS only).
+    // TODO(mbolin): Honor /etc/codex/config.toml.
+
+    // Add a layer for $CODEX_HOME/config.toml if it exists. Note if the file
+    // exists, but is malformed, then this error should be propagated to the
+    // user.
+    let user_file = AbsolutePathBuf::resolve_path_against_base(CONFIG_TOML_FILE, codex_home)?;
+    match tokio::fs::read_to_string(&user_file).await {
+        Ok(contents) => {
+            let user_config: TomlValue = toml::from_str(&contents).map_err(|e| {
+                io::Error::new(
+                    io::ErrorKind::InvalidData,
+                    format!(
+                        "Error parsing user config file {}: {e}",
+                        user_file.as_path().display(),
+                    ),
+                )
+            })?;
+            layers.push(ConfigLayerEntry::new(
+                ConfigLayerSource::User { file: user_file },
+                user_config,
+            ));
+        }
+        Err(e) => {
+            if e.kind() != io::ErrorKind::NotFound {
+                return Err(io::Error::new(
+                    e.kind(),
+                    format!(
+                        "Failed to read user config file {}: {e}",
+                        user_file.as_path().display(),
+                    ),
+                ));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // TODO(mbolin): Add layers for cwd, tree, and repo config files.
+
+    // Add a layer for runtime overrides from the CLI or UI, if any exist.
+    if !cli_overrides.is_empty() {
+        let cli_overrides_layer = overrides::build_cli_overrides_layer(cli_overrides);
+        layers.push(ConfigLayerEntry::new(
+            ConfigLayerSource::SessionFlags,
+            cli_overrides_layer,
+        ));
+    }
+
+    // Make a best-effort to support the legacy `managed_config.toml` as a
+    // config layer on top of everything else. For fields in
+    // `managed_config.toml` that do not have an equivalent in
+    // `ConfigRequirements`, note users can still override these values on a
+    // per-turn basis in the TUI and VS Code.
+    let LoadedConfigLayers {
+        managed_config,
+        managed_config_from_mdm,
+    } = loaded_config_layers;
+    if let Some(config) = managed_config {
+        layers.push(ConfigLayerEntry::new(
+            ConfigLayerSource::LegacyManagedConfigTomlFromFile {
+                file: config.file.clone(),
+            },
+            config.managed_config,
+        ));
+    }
+    if let Some(config) = managed_config_from_mdm {
+        layers.push(ConfigLayerEntry::new(
+            ConfigLayerSource::LegacyManagedConfigTomlFromMdm,
+            config,
+        ));
+    }
+
+    ConfigLayerStack::new(layers, config_requirements_toml.try_into()?)
+}
+
+/// If available, apply requirements from `/etc/codex/requirements.toml` to
+/// `config_requirements_toml` by filling in any unset fields.
+async fn load_requirements_toml(
+    config_requirements_toml: &mut ConfigRequirementsToml,
+    requirements_toml_file: impl AsRef<Path>,
+) -> io::Result<()> {
+    match tokio::fs::read_to_string(&requirements_toml_file).await {
+        Ok(contents) => {
+            let requirements_config: ConfigRequirementsToml =
+                toml::from_str(&contents).map_err(|e| {
+                    io::Error::new(
+                        io::ErrorKind::InvalidData,
+                        format!(
+                            "Error parsing requirements file {}: {e}",
+                            requirements_toml_file.as_ref().display(),
+                        ),
+                    )
+                })?;
+            config_requirements_toml.merge_unset_fields(requirements_config);
+        }
+        Err(e) => {
+            if e.kind() != io::ErrorKind::NotFound {
+                return Err(io::Error::new(
+                    e.kind(),
+                    format!(
+                        "Failed to read requirements file {}: {e}",
+                        requirements_toml_file.as_ref().display(),
+                    ),
+                ));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+async fn load_requirements_from_legacy_scheme(
+    config_requirements_toml: &mut ConfigRequirementsToml,
+    loaded_config_layers: LoadedConfigLayers,
+) -> io::Result<()> {
+    // In this implementation, earlier layers cannot be overwritten by later
+    // layers, so list managed_config_from_mdm first because it has the highest
+    // precedence.
+    let LoadedConfigLayers {
+        managed_config,
+        managed_config_from_mdm,
+    } = loaded_config_layers;
+    for config in [
+        managed_config_from_mdm,
+        managed_config.map(|c| c.managed_config),
+    ]
+    .into_iter()
+    .flatten()
+    {
+        let legacy_config: LegacyManagedConfigToml =
+            config.try_into().map_err(|err: toml::de::Error| {
+                io::Error::new(
+                    io::ErrorKind::InvalidData,
+                    format!("Failed to parse config requirements as TOML: {err}"),
+                )
+            })?;
+
+        let new_requirements_toml = ConfigRequirementsToml::from(legacy_config);
+        config_requirements_toml.merge_unset_fields(new_requirements_toml);
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// The legacy mechanism for specifying admin-enforced configuration is to read
+/// from a file like `/etc/codex/managed_config.toml` that has the same
+/// structure as `config.toml` where fields like `approval_policy` can specify
+/// exactly one value rather than a list of allowed values.
+///
+/// If present, re-interpret `managed_config.toml` as a `requirements.toml`
+/// where each specified field is treated as a constraint allowing only that
+/// value.
+#[derive(Deserialize, Debug, Clone, Default, PartialEq)]
+struct LegacyManagedConfigToml {
+    approval_policy: Option<AskForApproval>,
+}
+
+impl From<LegacyManagedConfigToml> for ConfigRequirementsToml {
+    fn from(legacy: LegacyManagedConfigToml) -> Self {
+        let mut config_requirements_toml = ConfigRequirementsToml::default();
+
+        let LegacyManagedConfigToml { approval_policy } = legacy;
+        if let Some(approval_policy) = approval_policy {
+            config_requirements_toml.allowed_approval_policies = Some(vec![approval_policy]);
+        }
+
+        config_requirements_toml
+    }
 }

codex-rs/core/src/config_loader/state.rs

@@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
+use crate::config_loader::ConfigRequirements;
+
 use super::fingerprint::record_origins;
 use super::fingerprint::version_for_toml;
 use super::merge::merge_toml_values;
 use codex_app_server_protocol::ConfigLayer;
 use codex_app_server_protocol::ConfigLayerMetadata;
-use codex_app_server_protocol::ConfigLayerName;
+use codex_app_server_protocol::ConfigLayerSource;
+use codex_utils_absolute_path::AbsolutePathBuf;
 use serde_json::Value as JsonValue;
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::path::PathBuf;
@@ -18,18 +21,16 @@ pub struct LoaderOverrides {
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct ConfigLayerEntry {
-    pub name: ConfigLayerName,
-    pub source: PathBuf,
+    pub name: ConfigLayerSource,
     pub config: TomlValue,
     pub version: String,
 }
 
 impl ConfigLayerEntry {
-    pub fn new(name: ConfigLayerName, source: PathBuf, config: TomlValue) -> Self {
+    pub fn new(name: ConfigLayerSource, config: TomlValue) -> Self {
         let version = version_for_toml(&config);
         Self {
             name,
-            source,
             config,
             version,
         }
@@ -38,7 +39,6 @@ impl ConfigLayerEntry {
     pub fn metadata(&self) -> ConfigLayerMetadata {
         ConfigLayerMetadata {
             name: self.name.clone(),
-            source: self.source.display().to_string(),
             version: self.version.clone(),
         }
     }
@@ -46,7 +46,6 @@ impl ConfigLayerEntry {
     pub fn as_layer(&self) -> ConfigLayer {
         ConfigLayer {
             name: self.name.clone(),
-            source: self.source.display().to_string(),
             version: self.version.clone(),
             config: serde_json::to_value(&self.config).unwrap_or(JsonValue::Null),
         }
@@ -55,34 +54,90 @@ impl ConfigLayerEntry {
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct ConfigLayerStack {
-    pub user: ConfigLayerEntry,
-    pub session_flags: ConfigLayerEntry,
-    pub system: Option<ConfigLayerEntry>,
-    pub mdm: Option<ConfigLayerEntry>,
+    /// Layers are listed from lowest precedence (base) to highest (top), so
+    /// later entries in the Vec override earlier ones.
+    layers: Vec<ConfigLayerEntry>,
+
+    /// Index into [layers] of the user config layer, if any.
+    user_layer_index: Option<usize>,
+
+    /// Constraints that must be enforced when deriving a [Config] from the
+    /// layers.
+    requirements: ConfigRequirements,
 }
 
 impl ConfigLayerStack {
-    pub fn with_user_config(&self, user_config: TomlValue) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            user: ConfigLayerEntry::new(
-                self.user.name.clone(),
-                self.user.source.clone(),
-                user_config,
-            ),
-            session_flags: self.session_flags.clone(),
-            system: self.system.clone(),
-            mdm: self.mdm.clone(),
+    pub fn new(
+        layers: Vec<ConfigLayerEntry>,
+        requirements: ConfigRequirements,
+    ) -> std::io::Result<Self> {
+        let user_layer_index = verify_layer_ordering(&layers)?;
+        Ok(Self {
+            layers,
+            user_layer_index,
+            requirements,
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the user config layer, if any.
+    pub fn get_user_layer(&self) -> Option<&ConfigLayerEntry> {
+        self.user_layer_index
+            .and_then(|index| self.layers.get(index))
+    }
+
+    pub fn requirements(&self) -> &ConfigRequirements {
+        &self.requirements
+    }
+
+    /// Creates a new [ConfigLayerStack] using the specified values to inject a
+    /// "user layer" into the stack. If such a layer already exists, it is
+    /// replaced; otherwise, it is inserted into the stack at the appropriate
+    /// position based on precedence rules.
+    pub fn with_user_config(&self, config_toml: &AbsolutePathBuf, user_config: TomlValue) -> Self {
+        let user_layer = ConfigLayerEntry::new(
+            ConfigLayerSource::User {
+                file: config_toml.clone(),
+            },
+            user_config,
+        );
+
+        let mut layers = self.layers.clone();
+        match self.user_layer_index {
+            Some(index) => {
+                layers[index] = user_layer;
+                Self {
+                    layers,
+                    user_layer_index: self.user_layer_index,
+                    requirements: self.requirements.clone(),
+                }
+            }
+            None => {
+                let user_layer_index = match layers
+                    .iter()
+                    .position(|layer| layer.name.precedence() > user_layer.name.precedence())
+                {
+                    Some(index) => {
+                        layers.insert(index, user_layer);
+                        index
+                    }
+                    None => {
+                        layers.push(user_layer);
+                        layers.len() - 1
+                    }
+                };
+                Self {
+                    layers,
+                    user_layer_index: Some(user_layer_index),
+                    requirements: self.requirements.clone(),
+                }
+            }
         }
     }
 
     pub fn effective_config(&self) -> TomlValue {
-        let mut merged = self.user.config.clone();
-        merge_toml_values(&mut merged, &self.session_flags.config);
-        if let Some(system) = &self.system {
-            merge_toml_values(&mut merged, &system.config);
-        }
-        if let Some(mdm) = &self.mdm {
-            merge_toml_values(&mut merged, &mdm.config);
+        let mut merged = TomlValue::Table(toml::map::Map::new());
+        for layer in &self.layers {
+            merge_toml_values(&mut merged, &layer.config);
         }
         merged
     }
@@ -91,38 +146,42 @@ impl ConfigLayerStack {
         let mut origins = HashMap::new();
         let mut path = Vec::new();
 
-        record_origins(
-            &self.user.config,
-            &self.user.metadata(),
-            &mut path,
-            &mut origins,
-        );
-        record_origins(
-            &self.session_flags.config,
-            &self.session_flags.metadata(),
-            &mut path,
-            &mut origins,
-        );
-        if let Some(system) = &self.system {
-            record_origins(&system.config, &system.metadata(), &mut path, &mut origins);
-        }
-        if let Some(mdm) = &self.mdm {
-            record_origins(&mdm.config, &mdm.metadata(), &mut path, &mut origins);
+        for layer in &self.layers {
+            record_origins(&layer.config, &layer.metadata(), &mut path, &mut origins);
         }
 
         origins
     }
 
-    pub fn layers_high_to_low(&self) -> Vec<ConfigLayer> {
-        let mut layers = Vec::new();
-        if let Some(mdm) = &self.mdm {
-            layers.push(mdm.as_layer());
-        }
-        if let Some(system) = &self.system {
-            layers.push(system.as_layer());
-        }
-        layers.push(self.session_flags.as_layer());
-        layers.push(self.user.as_layer());
-        layers
+    /// Returns the highest-precedence to lowest-precedence layers, so
+    /// `ConfigLayerSource::SessionFlags` would be first, if present.
+    pub fn layers_high_to_low(&self) -> Vec<&ConfigLayerEntry> {
+        self.layers.iter().rev().collect()
     }
 }
+
+/// Ensures precedence ordering of config layers is correct. Returns the index
+/// of the user config layer, if any (at most one should exist).
+fn verify_layer_ordering(layers: &[ConfigLayerEntry]) -> std::io::Result<Option<usize>> {
+    if !layers.iter().map(|layer| &layer.name).is_sorted() {
+        return Err(std::io::Error::new(
+            std::io::ErrorKind::InvalidData,
+            "config layers are not in correct precedence order",
+        ));
+    }
+
+    let mut user_layer_index: Option<usize> = None;
+    for (index, layer) in layers.iter().enumerate() {
+        if matches!(layer.name, ConfigLayerSource::User { .. }) {
+            if user_layer_index.is_some() {
+                return Err(std::io::Error::new(
+                    std::io::ErrorKind::InvalidData,
+                    "multiple user config layers found",
+                ));
+            }
+            user_layer_index = Some(index);
+        }
+    }
+
+    Ok(user_layer_index)
+}

codex-rs/core/src/config_loader/tests.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,11 @@
 use super::LoaderOverrides;
 use super::load_config_layers_state;
 use crate::config::CONFIG_TOML_FILE;
+use crate::config_loader::ConfigRequirements;
+use crate::config_loader::config_requirements::ConfigRequirementsToml;
+use crate::config_loader::load_requirements_toml;
+use codex_protocol::protocol::AskForApproval;
+use pretty_assertions::assert_eq;
 use tempfile::tempdir;
 use toml::Value as TomlValue;
 
@@ -66,13 +71,24 @@ async fn returns_empty_when_all_layers_missing() {
     let layers = load_config_layers_state(tmp.path(), &[] as &[(String, TomlValue)], overrides)
         .await
         .expect("load layers");
-    let base_table = layers.user.config.as_table().expect("base table expected");
+    assert!(
+        layers.get_user_layer().is_none(),
+        "no user layer when CODEX_HOME/config.toml does not exist"
+    );
+
+    let binding = layers.effective_config();
+    let base_table = binding.as_table().expect("base table expected");
     assert!(
         base_table.is_empty(),
         "expected empty base layer when configs missing"
     );
-    assert!(
-        layers.system.is_none(),
+    let num_system_layers = layers
+        .layers_high_to_low()
+        .iter()
+        .filter(|layer| matches!(layer.name, super::ConfigLayerSource::System { .. }))
+        .count();
+    assert_eq!(
+        num_system_layers, 0,
         "managed config layer should be absent when file missing"
     );
 
@@ -136,3 +152,40 @@ flag = true
     );
     assert_eq!(nested.get("flag"), Some(&TomlValue::Boolean(false)));
 }
+
+#[tokio::test(flavor = "current_thread")]
+async fn load_requirements_toml_produces_expected_constraints() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+    let tmp = tempdir()?;
+    let requirements_file = tmp.path().join("requirements.toml");
+    tokio::fs::write(
+        &requirements_file,
+        r#"
+allowed_approval_policies = ["never", "on-request"]
+"#,
+    )
+    .await?;
+
+    let mut config_requirements_toml = ConfigRequirementsToml::default();
+    load_requirements_toml(&mut config_requirements_toml, &requirements_file).await?;
+
+    assert_eq!(
+        config_requirements_toml.allowed_approval_policies,
+        Some(vec![AskForApproval::Never, AskForApproval::OnRequest])
+    );
+
+    let config_requirements: ConfigRequirements = config_requirements_toml.try_into()?;
+    assert_eq!(
+        config_requirements.approval_policy.value(),
+        AskForApproval::OnRequest
+    );
+    config_requirements
+        .approval_policy
+        .can_set(&AskForApproval::Never)?;
+    assert!(
+        config_requirements
+            .approval_policy
+            .can_set(&AskForApproval::OnFailure)
+            .is_err()
+    );
+    Ok(())
+}

codex-rs/core/src/context_manager/history.rs

@@ -79,8 +79,8 @@ impl ContextManager {
 
     // Estimate token usage using byte-based heuristics from the truncation helpers.
     // This is a coarse lower bound, not a tokenizer-accurate count.
-    pub(crate) fn estimate_token_count(&self, turn_context: &TurnContext) -> Option<i64> {
-        let model_family = turn_context.client.get_model_family();
+    pub(crate) async fn estimate_token_count(&self, turn_context: &TurnContext) -> Option<i64> {
+        let model_family = turn_context.client.get_model_family().await;
         let base_tokens =
             i64::try_from(approx_token_count(model_family.base_instructions.as_str()))
                 .unwrap_or(i64::MAX);

codex-rs/core/src/conversation_manager.rs

@@ -379,9 +379,9 @@ mod tests {
         assert_matches!(truncated2, InitialHistory::New);
     }
 
-    #[test]
-    fn ignores_session_prefix_messages_when_truncating() {
-        let (session, turn_context) = make_session_and_context();
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn ignores_session_prefix_messages_when_truncating() {
+        let (session, turn_context) = make_session_and_context().await;
         let mut items = session.build_initial_context(&turn_context);
         items.push(user_msg("feature request"));
         items.push(assistant_msg("ack"));

codex-rs/core/src/default_client.rs

@@ -163,7 +163,9 @@ mod tests {
     #[test]
     fn test_get_codex_user_agent() {
         let user_agent = get_codex_user_agent();
-        assert!(user_agent.starts_with("codex_cli_rs/"));
+        let originator = originator().value.as_str();
+        let prefix = format!("{originator}/");
+        assert!(user_agent.starts_with(&prefix));
     }
 
     #[tokio::test]
@@ -204,7 +206,7 @@ mod tests {
         let originator_header = headers
             .get("originator")
             .expect("originator header missing");
-        assert_eq!(originator_header.to_str().unwrap(), "codex_cli_rs");
+        assert_eq!(originator_header.to_str().unwrap(), originator().value);
 
         // User-Agent matches the computed Codex UA for that originator
         let expected_ua = get_codex_user_agent();
@@ -241,9 +243,10 @@ mod tests {
     fn test_macos() {
         use regex_lite::Regex;
         let user_agent = get_codex_user_agent();
-        let re = Regex::new(
-            r"^codex_cli_rs/\d+\.\d+\.\d+ \(Mac OS \d+\.\d+\.\d+; (x86_64|arm64)\) (\S+)$",
-        )
+        let originator = regex_lite::escape(originator().value.as_str());
+        let re = Regex::new(&format!(
+            r"^{originator}/\d+\.\d+\.\d+ \(Mac OS \d+\.\d+\.\d+; (x86_64|arm64)\) (\S+)$"
+        ))
         .unwrap();
         assert!(re.is_match(&user_agent));
     }

codex-rs/core/src/environment_context.rs

@@ -1,10 +1,6 @@
-use codex_utils_absolute_path::AbsolutePathBuf;
-use serde::Deserialize;
-use serde::Serialize;
-use strum_macros::Display as DeriveDisplay;
-
 use crate::codex::TurnContext;
 use crate::protocol::AskForApproval;
+use crate::protocol::NetworkAccess;
 use crate::protocol::SandboxPolicy;
 use crate::shell::Shell;
 use codex_protocol::config_types::SandboxMode;
@@ -12,15 +8,11 @@ use codex_protocol::models::ContentItem;
 use codex_protocol::models::ResponseItem;
 use codex_protocol::protocol::ENVIRONMENT_CONTEXT_CLOSE_TAG;
 use codex_protocol::protocol::ENVIRONMENT_CONTEXT_OPEN_TAG;
+use codex_utils_absolute_path::AbsolutePathBuf;
+use serde::Deserialize;
+use serde::Serialize;
 use std::path::PathBuf;
 
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq, DeriveDisplay)]
-#[serde(rename_all = "kebab-case")]
-#[strum(serialize_all = "kebab-case")]
-pub enum NetworkAccess {
-    Restricted,
-    Enabled,
-}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq)]
 #[serde(rename = "environment_context", rename_all = "snake_case")]
 pub(crate) struct EnvironmentContext {
@@ -45,12 +37,14 @@ impl EnvironmentContext {
             sandbox_mode: match sandbox_policy {
                 Some(SandboxPolicy::DangerFullAccess) => Some(SandboxMode::DangerFullAccess),
                 Some(SandboxPolicy::ReadOnly) => Some(SandboxMode::ReadOnly),
+                Some(SandboxPolicy::ExternalSandbox { .. }) => Some(SandboxMode::DangerFullAccess),
                 Some(SandboxPolicy::WorkspaceWrite { .. }) => Some(SandboxMode::WorkspaceWrite),
                 None => None,
             },
             network_access: match sandbox_policy {
                 Some(SandboxPolicy::DangerFullAccess) => Some(NetworkAccess::Enabled),
                 Some(SandboxPolicy::ReadOnly) => Some(NetworkAccess::Restricted),
+                Some(SandboxPolicy::ExternalSandbox { network_access }) => Some(network_access),
                 Some(SandboxPolicy::WorkspaceWrite { network_access, .. }) => {
                     if network_access {
                         Some(NetworkAccess::Enabled)
@@ -272,6 +266,48 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(context.serialize_to_xml(), expected);
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn serialize_external_sandbox_environment_context() {
+        let context = EnvironmentContext::new(
+            None,
+            Some(AskForApproval::OnRequest),
+            Some(SandboxPolicy::ExternalSandbox {
+                network_access: NetworkAccess::Enabled,
+            }),
+            fake_shell(),
+        );
+
+        let expected = r#"<environment_context>
+  <approval_policy>on-request</approval_policy>
+  <sandbox_mode>danger-full-access</sandbox_mode>
+  <network_access>enabled</network_access>
+  <shell>bash</shell>
+</environment_context>"#;
+
+        assert_eq!(context.serialize_to_xml(), expected);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn serialize_external_sandbox_with_restricted_network_environment_context() {
+        let context = EnvironmentContext::new(
+            None,
+            Some(AskForApproval::OnRequest),
+            Some(SandboxPolicy::ExternalSandbox {
+                network_access: NetworkAccess::Restricted,
+            }),
+            fake_shell(),
+        );
+
+        let expected = r#"<environment_context>
+  <approval_policy>on-request</approval_policy>
+  <sandbox_mode>danger-full-access</sandbox_mode>
+  <network_access>restricted</network_access>
+  <shell>bash</shell>
+</environment_context>"#;
+
+        assert_eq!(context.serialize_to_xml(), expected);
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn serialize_full_access_environment_context() {
         let context = EnvironmentContext::new(

codex-rs/core/src/error.rs

@@ -90,6 +90,10 @@ pub enum CodexErr {
     #[error("spawn failed: child stdout/stderr not captured")]
     Spawn,
 
+    /// Returned when the models list is outdated and needs to be refreshed.
+    #[error("remote models list is outdated")]
+    OutdatedModels,
+
     /// Returned by run_command_stream when the user pressed Ctrl‑C (SIGINT). Session uses this to
     /// surface a polite FunctionCallOutput back to the model instead of crashing the CLI.
     #[error("interrupted (Ctrl-C). Something went wrong? Hit `/feedback` to report the issue.")]

codex-rs/core/src/exec.rs

@@ -135,7 +135,9 @@ pub async fn process_exec_tool_call(
     stdout_stream: Option<StdoutStream>,
 ) -> Result<ExecToolCallOutput> {
     let sandbox_type = match &sandbox_policy {
-        SandboxPolicy::DangerFullAccess => SandboxType::None,
+        SandboxPolicy::DangerFullAccess | SandboxPolicy::ExternalSandbox { .. } => {
+            SandboxType::None
+        }
         _ => get_platform_sandbox().unwrap_or(SandboxType::None),
     };
     tracing::debug!("Sandbox type: {sandbox_type:?}");
@@ -523,7 +525,10 @@ async fn exec(
 ) -> Result<RawExecToolCallOutput> {
     #[cfg(target_os = "windows")]
     if sandbox == SandboxType::WindowsRestrictedToken
-        && !matches!(sandbox_policy, SandboxPolicy::DangerFullAccess)
+        && !matches!(
+            sandbox_policy,
+            SandboxPolicy::DangerFullAccess | SandboxPolicy::ExternalSandbox { .. }
+        )
     {
         return exec_windows_sandbox(params, sandbox_policy).await;
     }

codex-rs/core/src/exec_env.rs

@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ mod tests {
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn test_core_inherit_and_default_excludes() {
+    fn test_core_inherit_defaults_keep_sensitive_vars() {
         let vars = make_vars(&[
             ("PATH", "/usr/bin"),
             ("HOME", "/home/user"),
@@ -90,7 +90,32 @@ mod tests {
             ("SECRET_TOKEN", "t"),
         ]);
 
-        let policy = ShellEnvironmentPolicy::default(); // inherit Core, default excludes on
+        let policy = ShellEnvironmentPolicy::default(); // inherit All, default excludes ignored
+        let result = populate_env(vars, &policy);
+
+        let expected: HashMap<String, String> = hashmap! {
+            "PATH".to_string() => "/usr/bin".to_string(),
+            "HOME".to_string() => "/home/user".to_string(),
+            "API_KEY".to_string() => "secret".to_string(),
+            "SECRET_TOKEN".to_string() => "t".to_string(),
+        };
+
+        assert_eq!(result, expected);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_core_inherit_with_default_excludes_enabled() {
+        let vars = make_vars(&[
+            ("PATH", "/usr/bin"),
+            ("HOME", "/home/user"),
+            ("API_KEY", "secret"),
+            ("SECRET_TOKEN", "t"),
+        ]);
+
+        let policy = ShellEnvironmentPolicy {
+            ignore_default_excludes: false, // apply KEY/SECRET/TOKEN filter
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
         let result = populate_env(vars, &policy);
 
         let expected: HashMap<String, String> = hashmap! {
@@ -162,6 +187,7 @@ mod tests {
 
         let policy = ShellEnvironmentPolicy {
             inherit: ShellEnvironmentPolicyInherit::All,
+            ignore_default_excludes: false,
             ..Default::default()
         };
 

codex-rs/core/src/features.rs

@@ -18,12 +18,41 @@ pub(crate) use legacy::LegacyFeatureToggles;
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub enum Stage {
     Experimental,
-    Beta,
+    Beta {
+        name: &'static str,
+        menu_description: &'static str,
+        announcement: &'static str,
+    },
     Stable,
     Deprecated,
     Removed,
 }
 
+impl Stage {
+    pub fn beta_menu_name(self) -> Option<&'static str> {
+        match self {
+            Stage::Beta { name, .. } => Some(name),
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn beta_menu_description(self) -> Option<&'static str> {
+        match self {
+            Stage::Beta {
+                menu_description, ..
+            } => Some(menu_description),
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn beta_announcement(self) -> Option<&'static str> {
+        match self {
+            Stage::Beta { announcement, .. } => Some(announcement),
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 /// Unique features toggled via configuration.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
 pub enum Feature {
@@ -58,12 +87,12 @@ pub enum Feature {
     RemoteModels,
     /// Allow model to call multiple tools in parallel (only for models supporting it).
     ParallelToolCalls,
-    /// Experimental skills injection (CLI flag-driven).
-    Skills,
     /// Experimental shell snapshotting.
     ShellSnapshot,
     /// Experimental TUI v2 (viewport) implementation.
     Tui2,
+    /// Enable discovery and injection of skills.
+    Skills,
 }
 
 impl Feature {
@@ -292,13 +321,34 @@ pub const FEATURES: &[FeatureSpec] = &[
         stage: Stage::Stable,
         default_enabled: true,
     },
-    // Unstable features.
+    FeatureSpec {
+        id: Feature::WebSearchRequest,
+        key: "web_search_request",
+        stage: Stage::Stable,
+        default_enabled: false,
+    },
+    // Beta program. Rendered in the `/experimental` menu for users.
     FeatureSpec {
         id: Feature::UnifiedExec,
         key: "unified_exec",
-        stage: Stage::Experimental,
+        stage: Stage::Beta {
+            name: "Background terminal",
+            menu_description: "Run long-running terminal commands in the background.",
+            announcement: "NEW! Try Background terminals for long running processes. Enable in /experimental!",
+        },
         default_enabled: false,
     },
+    FeatureSpec {
+        id: Feature::ShellSnapshot,
+        key: "shell_snapshot",
+        stage: Stage::Beta {
+            name: "Shell snapshot",
+            menu_description: "Snapshot your shell environment to avoid re-running login scripts for every command.",
+            announcement: "NEW! Try shell snapshotting to make your Codex faster. Enable in /experimental!",
+        },
+        default_enabled: false,
+    },
+    // Unstable features.
     FeatureSpec {
         id: Feature::RmcpClient,
         key: "rmcp_client",
@@ -308,13 +358,7 @@ pub const FEATURES: &[FeatureSpec] = &[
     FeatureSpec {
         id: Feature::ApplyPatchFreeform,
         key: "apply_patch_freeform",
-        stage: Stage::Beta,
-        default_enabled: false,
-    },
-    FeatureSpec {
-        id: Feature::WebSearchRequest,
-        key: "web_search_request",
-        stage: Stage::Stable,
+        stage: Stage::Experimental,
         default_enabled: false,
     },
     FeatureSpec {
@@ -351,13 +395,7 @@ pub const FEATURES: &[FeatureSpec] = &[
         id: Feature::Skills,
         key: "skills",
         stage: Stage::Experimental,
-        default_enabled: false,
-    },
-    FeatureSpec {
-        id: Feature::ShellSnapshot,
-        key: "shell_snapshot",
-        stage: Stage::Experimental,
-        default_enabled: false,
+        default_enabled: true,
     },
     FeatureSpec {
         id: Feature::Tui2,

codex-rs/core/src/lib.rs

@@ -35,12 +35,13 @@ pub mod mcp;
 mod mcp_connection_manager;
 pub mod openai_models;
 pub use mcp_connection_manager::MCP_SANDBOX_STATE_CAPABILITY;
-pub use mcp_connection_manager::MCP_SANDBOX_STATE_NOTIFICATION;
+pub use mcp_connection_manager::MCP_SANDBOX_STATE_METHOD;
 pub use mcp_connection_manager::SandboxState;
 mod mcp_tool_call;
 mod message_history;
 mod model_provider_info;
 pub mod parse_command;
+pub mod path_utils;
 pub mod powershell;
 pub mod sandboxing;
 mod stream_events_utils;

codex-rs/core/src/mcp_connection_manager.rs

@@ -184,17 +184,20 @@ struct ManagedClient {
 }
 
 impl ManagedClient {
+    /// Returns once the server has ack'd the sandbox state update.
     async fn notify_sandbox_state_change(&self, sandbox_state: &SandboxState) -> Result<()> {
         if !self.server_supports_sandbox_state_capability {
             return Ok(());
         }
 
-        self.client
-            .send_custom_notification(
-                MCP_SANDBOX_STATE_NOTIFICATION,
+        let _response = self
+            .client
+            .send_custom_request(
+                MCP_SANDBOX_STATE_METHOD,
                 Some(serde_json::to_value(sandbox_state)?),
             )
-            .await
+            .await?;
+        Ok(())
     }
 }
 
@@ -253,9 +256,9 @@ impl AsyncManagedClient {
 
 pub const MCP_SANDBOX_STATE_CAPABILITY: &str = "codex/sandbox-state";
 
-/// Custom MCP notification for sandbox state updates.
+/// Custom MCP request to push sandbox state updates.
 /// When used, the `params` field of the notification is [`SandboxState`].
-pub const MCP_SANDBOX_STATE_NOTIFICATION: &str = "codex/sandbox-state/update";
+pub const MCP_SANDBOX_STATE_METHOD: &str = "codex/sandbox-state/update";
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 #[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
@@ -398,7 +401,7 @@ impl McpConnectionManager {
 
     /// Returns a single map that contains all tools. Each key is the
     /// fully-qualified name for the tool.
-    #[instrument(skip_all)]
+    #[instrument(level = "trace", skip_all)]
     pub async fn list_all_tools(&self) -> HashMap<String, ToolInfo> {
         let mut tools = HashMap::new();
         for managed_client in self.clients.values() {

codex-rs/core/src/message_history.rs

@@ -401,9 +401,7 @@ fn history_log_id(_metadata: &std::fs::Metadata) -> Option<u64> {
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
-    use crate::config::Config;
-    use crate::config::ConfigOverrides;
-    use crate::config::ConfigToml;
+    use crate::config::ConfigBuilder;
     use codex_protocol::ConversationId;
     use pretty_assertions::assert_eq;
     use std::fs::File;
@@ -493,12 +491,11 @@ mod tests {
     async fn append_entry_trims_history_when_beyond_max_bytes() {
         let codex_home = TempDir::new().expect("create temp dir");
 
-        let mut config = Config::load_from_base_config_with_overrides(
-            ConfigToml::default(),
-            ConfigOverrides::default(),
-            codex_home.path().to_path_buf(),
-        )
-        .expect("load config");
+        let mut config = ConfigBuilder::default()
+            .codex_home(codex_home.path().to_path_buf())
+            .build()
+            .await
+            .expect("load config");
 
         let conversation_id = ConversationId::new();
 
@@ -541,12 +538,11 @@ mod tests {
     async fn append_entry_trims_history_to_soft_cap() {
         let codex_home = TempDir::new().expect("create temp dir");
 
-        let mut config = Config::load_from_base_config_with_overrides(
-            ConfigToml::default(),
-            ConfigOverrides::default(),
-            codex_home.path().to_path_buf(),
-        )
-        .expect("load config");
+        let mut config = ConfigBuilder::default()
+            .codex_home(codex_home.path().to_path_buf())
+            .build()
+            .await
+            .expect("load config");
 
         let conversation_id = ConversationId::new();
 

codex-rs/core/src/openai_models/model_family.rs

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ const GPT_5_CODEX_INSTRUCTIONS: &str = include_str!("../../gpt_5_codex_prompt.md
 const GPT_5_1_INSTRUCTIONS: &str = include_str!("../../gpt_5_1_prompt.md");
 const GPT_5_2_INSTRUCTIONS: &str = include_str!("../../gpt_5_2_prompt.md");
 const GPT_5_1_CODEX_MAX_INSTRUCTIONS: &str = include_str!("../../gpt-5.1-codex-max_prompt.md");
+const GPT_5_2_CODEX_INSTRUCTIONS: &str = include_str!("../../gpt-5.2-codex_prompt.md");
 pub(crate) const CONTEXT_WINDOW_272K: i64 = 272_000;
 
 /// A model family is a group of models that share certain characteristics.
@@ -198,6 +199,7 @@ macro_rules! model_family {
 
 /// Internal offline helper for `ModelsManager` that returns a `ModelFamily` for the given
 /// model slug.
+#[allow(clippy::if_same_then_else)]
 pub(super) fn find_family_for_model(slug: &str) -> ModelFamily {
     if slug.starts_with("o3") {
         model_family!(
@@ -270,7 +272,7 @@ pub(super) fn find_family_for_model(slug: &str) -> ModelFamily {
             slug, slug,
             supports_reasoning_summaries: true,
             reasoning_summary_format: ReasoningSummaryFormat::Experimental,
-            base_instructions: GPT_5_1_CODEX_MAX_INSTRUCTIONS.to_string(),
+            base_instructions: GPT_5_2_CODEX_INSTRUCTIONS.to_string(),
             apply_patch_tool_type: Some(ApplyPatchToolType::Freeform),
             shell_type: ConfigShellToolType::ShellCommand,
             supports_parallel_tool_calls: true,
@@ -294,6 +296,32 @@ pub(super) fn find_family_for_model(slug: &str) -> ModelFamily {
         )
 
     // Production models.
+    } else if slug.starts_with("gpt-5.2-codex") {
+        model_family!(
+            slug, slug,
+            supports_reasoning_summaries: true,
+            reasoning_summary_format: ReasoningSummaryFormat::Experimental,
+            base_instructions: GPT_5_2_CODEX_INSTRUCTIONS.to_string(),
+            apply_patch_tool_type: Some(ApplyPatchToolType::Freeform),
+            shell_type: ConfigShellToolType::ShellCommand,
+            supports_parallel_tool_calls: true,
+            support_verbosity: false,
+            truncation_policy: TruncationPolicy::Tokens(10_000),
+            context_window: Some(CONTEXT_WINDOW_272K),
+        )
+    } else if slug.starts_with("bengalfox") {
+        model_family!(
+            slug, slug,
+            supports_reasoning_summaries: true,
+            reasoning_summary_format: ReasoningSummaryFormat::Experimental,
+            base_instructions: GPT_5_2_CODEX_INSTRUCTIONS.to_string(),
+            apply_patch_tool_type: Some(ApplyPatchToolType::Freeform),
+            shell_type: ConfigShellToolType::ShellCommand,
+            supports_parallel_tool_calls: true,
+            support_verbosity: false,
+            truncation_policy: TruncationPolicy::Tokens(10_000),
+            context_window: Some(CONTEXT_WINDOW_272K),
+        )
     } else if slug.starts_with("gpt-5.1-codex-max") {
         model_family!(
             slug, slug,
@@ -337,6 +365,20 @@ pub(super) fn find_family_for_model(slug: &str) -> ModelFamily {
             supports_parallel_tool_calls: true,
             context_window: Some(CONTEXT_WINDOW_272K),
         )
+    } else if slug.starts_with("boomslang") {
+        model_family!(
+            slug, slug,
+            supports_reasoning_summaries: true,
+            apply_patch_tool_type: Some(ApplyPatchToolType::Freeform),
+            support_verbosity: true,
+            default_verbosity: Some(Verbosity::Low),
+            base_instructions: GPT_5_2_INSTRUCTIONS.to_string(),
+            default_reasoning_effort: Some(ReasoningEffort::Medium),
+            truncation_policy: TruncationPolicy::Bytes(10_000),
+            shell_type: ConfigShellToolType::ShellCommand,
+            supports_parallel_tool_calls: true,
+            context_window: Some(CONTEXT_WINDOW_272K),
+        )
     } else if slug.starts_with("gpt-5.1") {
         model_family!(
             slug, "gpt-5.1",