[apply-patch] Handle multiple context lines

## Summary
These tests were getting a bit unwieldy, and they're starting to become
load-bearing. Let's clean them up, and get them working solidly so we
can easily expand this harness with new tests.

## Test Plan
- [x] Tests continue to pass

codex-rs/Cargo.lock

@@ -635,6 +635,7 @@ name = "codex-apply-patch"
 version = "0.0.0"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
+ "assert_cmd",
  "pretty_assertions",
  "similar",
  "tempfile",
@@ -652,6 +653,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "codex-core",
  "codex-linux-sandbox",
  "dotenvy",
+ "tempfile",
  "tokio",
 ]
 
@@ -752,7 +754,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "tokio-test",
  "tokio-util",
  "toml 0.9.5",
- "toml_edit 0.23.3",
+ "toml_edit 0.23.4",
  "tracing",
  "tree-sitter",
  "tree-sitter-bash",
@@ -2720,6 +2722,7 @@ checksum = "4488594b9328dee448adb906d8b126d9b7deb7cf5c22161ee591610bb1be83c0"
 dependencies = [
  "bitflags 2.9.1",
  "libc",
+ "redox_syscall",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -5192,9 +5195,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "toml_edit"
-version = "0.23.3"
+version = "0.23.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "17d3b47e6b7a040216ae5302712c94d1cf88c95b47efa80e2c59ce96c878267e"
+checksum = "7211ff1b8f0d3adae1663b7da9ffe396eabe1ca25f0b0bee42b0da29a9ddce93"
 dependencies = [
  "indexmap 2.10.0",
  "toml_datetime 0.7.0",
@@ -5775,11 +5778,11 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "whoami"
-version = "1.6.0"
+version = "1.6.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "6994d13118ab492c3c80c1f81928718159254c53c472bf9ce36f8dae4add02a7"
+checksum = "5d4a4db5077702ca3015d3d02d74974948aba2ad9e12ab7df718ee64ccd7e97d"
 dependencies = [
- "redox_syscall",
+ "libredox",
  "wasite",
  "web-sys",
 ]

codex-rs/apply-patch/Cargo.toml

@@ -7,6 +7,10 @@ version = { workspace = true }
 name = "codex_apply_patch"
 path = "src/lib.rs"
 
+[[bin]]
+name = "apply_patch"
+path = "src/main.rs"
+
 [lints]
 workspace = true
 
@@ -18,5 +22,6 @@ tree-sitter = "0.25.8"
 tree-sitter-bash = "0.25.0"
 
 [dev-dependencies]
+assert_cmd = "2"
 pretty_assertions = "1.4.1"
 tempfile = "3.13.0"

codex-rs/apply-patch/src/lib.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 mod parser;
 mod seek_sequence;
+mod standalone_executable;
 
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::path::Path;
@@ -19,6 +20,8 @@ use tree_sitter::LanguageError;
 use tree_sitter::Parser;
 use tree_sitter_bash::LANGUAGE as BASH;
 
+pub use standalone_executable::main;
+
 /// Detailed instructions for gpt-4.1 on how to use the `apply_patch` tool.
 pub const APPLY_PATCH_TOOL_INSTRUCTIONS: &str = include_str!("../apply_patch_tool_instructions.md");
 
@@ -529,32 +532,51 @@ fn compute_replacements(
     let mut line_index: usize = 0;
 
     for chunk in chunks {
-        // If a chunk has a `change_context`, we use seek_sequence to find it, then
-        // adjust our `line_index` to continue from there.
-        if let Some(ctx_line) = &chunk.change_context {
-            if let Some(idx) = seek_sequence::seek_sequence(
-                original_lines,
-                std::slice::from_ref(ctx_line),
-                line_index,
-                false,
-            ) {
-                line_index = idx + 1;
-            } else {
-                return Err(ApplyPatchError::ComputeReplacements(format!(
-                    "Failed to find context '{}' in {}",
-                    ctx_line,
-                    path.display()
-                )));
+        // If a chunk has context lines, we use seek_sequence to find each in order,
+        // then adjust our `line_index` to continue from there.
+        if !chunk.context_lines.is_empty() {
+            let total = chunk.context_lines.len();
+            for (i, ctx_line) in chunk.context_lines.iter().enumerate() {
+                if let Some(idx) = seek_sequence::seek_sequence(
+                    original_lines,
+                    std::slice::from_ref(ctx_line),
+                    line_index,
+                    false,
+                ) {
+                    line_index = idx + 1;
+                } else {
+                    return Err(ApplyPatchError::ComputeReplacements(format!(
+                        "Failed to find context {}/{}: '{}' in {}",
+                        i + 1,
+                        total,
+                        ctx_line,
+                        path.display()
+                    )));
+                }
             }
         }
 
         if chunk.old_lines.is_empty() {
-            // Pure addition (no old lines). We'll add them at the end or just
-            // before the final empty line if one exists.
-            let insertion_idx = if original_lines.last().is_some_and(|s| s.is_empty()) {
-                original_lines.len() - 1
+            // Pure addition (no old lines).
+            // Prefer to insert at the matched context anchor if one exists and
+            // the hunk is not explicitly marked as end-of-file.
+            let insertion_idx = if chunk.is_end_of_file {
+                if original_lines.last().is_some_and(|s| s.is_empty()) {
+                    original_lines.len() - 1
+                } else {
+                    original_lines.len()
+                }
+            } else if !chunk.context_lines.is_empty() {
+                // Insert immediately after the last matched context line.
+                line_index
             } else {
-                original_lines.len()
+                // No context provided: fall back to appending at the end (before
+                // the trailing empty line if present).
+                if original_lines.last().is_some_and(|s| s.is_empty()) {
+                    original_lines.len() - 1
+                } else {
+                    original_lines.len()
+                }
             };
             replacements.push((insertion_idx, 0, chunk.new_lines.clone()));
             continue;
@@ -1267,6 +1289,57 @@ g
         );
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn test_insert_addition_after_single_context_anchor() {
+        let dir = tempdir().unwrap();
+        let path = dir.path().join("single_ctx.txt");
+        fs::write(&path, "class BaseClass:\n    def method():\nline1\nline2\n").unwrap();
+
+        let patch = wrap_patch(&format!(
+            r#"*** Update File: {}
+@@ class BaseClass:
++INSERTED
+"#,
+            path.display()
+        ));
+
+        let mut stdout = Vec::new();
+        let mut stderr = Vec::new();
+        apply_patch(&patch, &mut stdout, &mut stderr).unwrap();
+
+        let contents = fs::read_to_string(path).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(
+            contents,
+            "class BaseClass:\nINSERTED\n    def method():\nline1\nline2\n"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_insert_addition_after_multi_context_anchor() {
+        let dir = tempdir().unwrap();
+        let path = dir.path().join("multi_ctx.txt");
+        fs::write(&path, "class BaseClass:\n    def method():\nline1\nline2\n").unwrap();
+
+        let patch = wrap_patch(&format!(
+            r#"*** Update File: {}
+@@ class BaseClass:
+@@     def method():
++INSERTED
+"#,
+            path.display()
+        ));
+
+        let mut stdout = Vec::new();
+        let mut stderr = Vec::new();
+        apply_patch(&patch, &mut stdout, &mut stderr).unwrap();
+
+        let contents = fs::read_to_string(path).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(
+            contents,
+            "class BaseClass:\n    def method():\nINSERTED\nline1\nline2\n"
+        );
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn test_apply_patch_should_resolve_absolute_paths_in_cwd() {
         let session_dir = tempdir().unwrap();

codex-rs/apply-patch/src/main.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+pub fn main() -> ! {
+    codex_apply_patch::main()
+}

codex-rs/apply-patch/src/parser.rs

@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ pub enum Hunk {
         path: PathBuf,
         move_path: Option<PathBuf>,
 
-        /// Chunks should be in order, i.e. the `change_context` of one chunk
+        /// Chunks should be in order, i.e. the first context line of one chunk
         /// should occur later in the file than the previous chunk.
         chunks: Vec<UpdateFileChunk>,
     },
@@ -89,12 +89,13 @@ use Hunk::*;
 
 #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone)]
 pub struct UpdateFileChunk {
-    /// A single line of context used to narrow down the position of the chunk
-    /// (this is usually a class, method, or function definition.)
-    pub change_context: Option<String>,
+    /// Context lines used to narrow down the position of the chunk.
+    /// Each entry is searched sequentially to progressively restrict the
+    /// search to the desired region (e.g. class → method).
+    pub context_lines: Vec<String>,
 
     /// A contiguous block of lines that should be replaced with `new_lines`.
-    /// `old_lines` must occur strictly after `change_context`.
+    /// `old_lines` must occur strictly after the context.
     pub old_lines: Vec<String>,
     pub new_lines: Vec<String>,
 
@@ -344,32 +345,38 @@ fn parse_update_file_chunk(
             line_number,
         });
     }
-    // If we see an explicit context marker @@ or @@ <context>, consume it; otherwise, optionally
-    // allow treating the chunk as starting directly with diff lines.
-    let (change_context, start_index) = if lines[0] == EMPTY_CHANGE_CONTEXT_MARKER {
-        (None, 1)
-    } else if let Some(context) = lines[0].strip_prefix(CHANGE_CONTEXT_MARKER) {
-        (Some(context.to_string()), 1)
-    } else {
-        if !allow_missing_context {
-            return Err(InvalidHunkError {
-                message: format!(
-                    "Expected update hunk to start with a @@ context marker, got: '{}'",
-                    lines[0]
-                ),
-                line_number,
-            });
+    let mut context_lines = Vec::new();
+    let mut start_index = 0;
+    let mut saw_context_marker = false;
+    while start_index < lines.len() {
+        if lines[start_index] == EMPTY_CHANGE_CONTEXT_MARKER {
+            saw_context_marker = true;
+            start_index += 1;
+        } else if let Some(context) = lines[start_index].strip_prefix(CHANGE_CONTEXT_MARKER) {
+            saw_context_marker = true;
+            context_lines.push(context.to_string());
+            start_index += 1;
+        } else {
+            break;
         }
-        (None, 0)
-    };
+    }
+    if !saw_context_marker && !allow_missing_context {
+        return Err(InvalidHunkError {
+            message: format!(
+                "Expected update hunk to start with a @@ context marker, got: '{}'",
+                lines[0]
+            ),
+            line_number,
+        });
+    }
     if start_index >= lines.len() {
         return Err(InvalidHunkError {
             message: "Update hunk does not contain any lines".to_string(),
-            line_number: line_number + 1,
+            line_number: line_number + start_index,
         });
     }
     let mut chunk = UpdateFileChunk {
-        change_context,
+        context_lines,
         old_lines: Vec::new(),
         new_lines: Vec::new(),
         is_end_of_file: false,
@@ -381,7 +388,7 @@ fn parse_update_file_chunk(
                 if parsed_lines == 0 {
                     return Err(InvalidHunkError {
                         message: "Update hunk does not contain any lines".to_string(),
-                        line_number: line_number + 1,
+                        line_number: line_number + start_index,
                     });
                 }
                 chunk.is_end_of_file = true;
@@ -411,7 +418,7 @@ fn parse_update_file_chunk(
                                 message: format!(
                                     "Unexpected line found in update hunk: '{line_contents}'. Every line should start with ' ' (context line), '+' (added line), or '-' (removed line)"
                                 ),
-                                line_number: line_number + 1,
+                                line_number: line_number + start_index,
                             });
                         }
                         // Assume this is the start of the next hunk.
@@ -491,7 +498,7 @@ fn test_parse_patch() {
                 path: PathBuf::from("path/update.py"),
                 move_path: Some(PathBuf::from("path/update2.py")),
                 chunks: vec![UpdateFileChunk {
-                    change_context: Some("def f():".to_string()),
+                    context_lines: vec!["def f():".to_string()],
                     old_lines: vec!["    pass".to_string()],
                     new_lines: vec!["    return 123".to_string()],
                     is_end_of_file: false
@@ -518,7 +525,7 @@ fn test_parse_patch() {
                 path: PathBuf::from("file.py"),
                 move_path: None,
                 chunks: vec![UpdateFileChunk {
-                    change_context: None,
+                    context_lines: Vec::new(),
                     old_lines: vec![],
                     new_lines: vec!["line".to_string()],
                     is_end_of_file: false
@@ -548,7 +555,7 @@ fn test_parse_patch() {
             path: PathBuf::from("file2.py"),
             move_path: None,
             chunks: vec![UpdateFileChunk {
-                change_context: None,
+                context_lines: Vec::new(),
                 old_lines: vec!["import foo".to_string()],
                 new_lines: vec!["import foo".to_string(), "bar".to_string()],
                 is_end_of_file: false,
@@ -568,7 +575,7 @@ fn test_parse_patch_lenient() {
         path: PathBuf::from("file2.py"),
         move_path: None,
         chunks: vec![UpdateFileChunk {
-            change_context: None,
+            context_lines: Vec::new(),
             old_lines: vec!["import foo".to_string()],
             new_lines: vec!["import foo".to_string(), "bar".to_string()],
             is_end_of_file: false,
@@ -701,7 +708,7 @@ fn test_update_file_chunk() {
         ),
         Ok((
             (UpdateFileChunk {
-                change_context: Some("change_context".to_string()),
+                context_lines: vec!["change_context".to_string()],
                 old_lines: vec![
                     "".to_string(),
                     "context".to_string(),
@@ -723,7 +730,7 @@ fn test_update_file_chunk() {
         parse_update_file_chunk(&["@@", "+line", "*** End of File"], 123, false),
         Ok((
             (UpdateFileChunk {
-                change_context: None,
+                context_lines: Vec::new(),
                 old_lines: vec![],
                 new_lines: vec!["line".to_string()],
                 is_end_of_file: true
@@ -731,4 +738,29 @@ fn test_update_file_chunk() {
             3
         ))
     );
+    assert_eq!(
+        parse_update_file_chunk(
+            &[
+                "@@ class BaseClass",
+                "@@     def method()",
+                " context",
+                "-old",
+                "+new",
+            ],
+            123,
+            false
+        ),
+        Ok((
+            (UpdateFileChunk {
+                context_lines: vec![
+                    "class BaseClass".to_string(),
+                    "    def method()".to_string()
+                ],
+                old_lines: vec!["context".to_string(), "old".to_string()],
+                new_lines: vec!["context".to_string(), "new".to_string()],
+                is_end_of_file: false
+            }),
+            5
+        ))
+    );
 }

codex-rs/apply-patch/src/standalone_executable.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+use std::io::Read;
+use std::io::Write;
+
+pub fn main() -> ! {
+    let exit_code = run_main();
+    std::process::exit(exit_code);
+}
+
+/// We would prefer to return `std::process::ExitCode`, but its `exit_process()`
+/// method is still a nightly API and we want main() to return !.
+pub fn run_main() -> i32 {
+    // Expect either one argument (the full apply_patch payload) or read it from stdin.
+    let mut args = std::env::args_os();
+    let _argv0 = args.next();
+
+    let patch_arg = match args.next() {
+        Some(arg) => match arg.into_string() {
+            Ok(s) => s,
+            Err(_) => {
+                eprintln!("Error: apply_patch requires a UTF-8 PATCH argument.");
+                return 1;
+            }
+        },
+        None => {
+            // No argument provided; attempt to read the patch from stdin.
+            let mut buf = String::new();
+            match std::io::stdin().read_to_string(&mut buf) {
+                Ok(_) => {
+                    if buf.is_empty() {
+                        eprintln!("Usage: apply_patch 'PATCH'\n       echo 'PATCH' | apply-patch");
+                        return 2;
+                    }
+                    buf
+                }
+                Err(err) => {
+                    eprintln!("Error: Failed to read PATCH from stdin.\n{err}");
+                    return 1;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    // Refuse extra args to avoid ambiguity.
+    if args.next().is_some() {
+        eprintln!("Error: apply_patch accepts exactly one argument.");
+        return 2;
+    }
+
+    let mut stdout = std::io::stdout();
+    let mut stderr = std::io::stderr();
+    match crate::apply_patch(&patch_arg, &mut stdout, &mut stderr) {
+        Ok(()) => {
+            // Flush to ensure output ordering when used in pipelines.
+            let _ = stdout.flush();
+            0
+        }
+        Err(_) => 1,
+    }
+}

codex-rs/apply-patch/tests/all.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+// Single integration test binary that aggregates all test modules.
+// The submodules live in `tests/suite/`.
+mod suite;

codex-rs/apply-patch/tests/suite/cli.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+use assert_cmd::prelude::*;
+use std::fs;
+use std::process::Command;
+use tempfile::tempdir;
+
+#[test]
+fn test_apply_patch_cli_add_and_update() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+    let tmp = tempdir()?;
+    let file = "cli_test.txt";
+    let absolute_path = tmp.path().join(file);
+
+    // 1) Add a file
+    let add_patch = format!(
+        r#"*** Begin Patch
+*** Add File: {file}
++hello
+*** End Patch"#
+    );
+    Command::cargo_bin("apply_patch")
+        .expect("should find apply_patch binary")
+        .arg(add_patch)
+        .current_dir(tmp.path())
+        .assert()
+        .success()
+        .stdout(format!("Success. Updated the following files:\nA {file}\n"));
+    assert_eq!(fs::read_to_string(&absolute_path)?, "hello\n");
+
+    // 2) Update the file
+    let update_patch = format!(
+        r#"*** Begin Patch
+*** Update File: {file}
+@@
+-hello
++world
+*** End Patch"#
+    );
+    Command::cargo_bin("apply_patch")
+        .expect("should find apply_patch binary")
+        .arg(update_patch)
+        .current_dir(tmp.path())
+        .assert()
+        .success()
+        .stdout(format!("Success. Updated the following files:\nM {file}\n"));
+    assert_eq!(fs::read_to_string(&absolute_path)?, "world\n");
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_apply_patch_cli_stdin_add_and_update() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+    let tmp = tempdir()?;
+    let file = "cli_test_stdin.txt";
+    let absolute_path = tmp.path().join(file);
+
+    // 1) Add a file via stdin
+    let add_patch = format!(
+        r#"*** Begin Patch
+*** Add File: {file}
++hello
+*** End Patch"#
+    );
+    let mut cmd =
+        assert_cmd::Command::cargo_bin("apply_patch").expect("should find apply_patch binary");
+    cmd.current_dir(tmp.path());
+    cmd.write_stdin(add_patch)
+        .assert()
+        .success()
+        .stdout(format!("Success. Updated the following files:\nA {file}\n"));
+    assert_eq!(fs::read_to_string(&absolute_path)?, "hello\n");
+
+    // 2) Update the file via stdin
+    let update_patch = format!(
+        r#"*** Begin Patch
+*** Update File: {file}
+@@
+-hello
++world
+*** End Patch"#
+    );
+    let mut cmd =
+        assert_cmd::Command::cargo_bin("apply_patch").expect("should find apply_patch binary");
+    cmd.current_dir(tmp.path());
+    cmd.write_stdin(update_patch)
+        .assert()
+        .success()
+        .stdout(format!("Success. Updated the following files:\nM {file}\n"));
+    assert_eq!(fs::read_to_string(&absolute_path)?, "world\n");
+
+    Ok(())
+}

codex-rs/apply-patch/tests/suite/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+mod cli;

codex-rs/arg0/Cargo.toml

@@ -16,4 +16,5 @@ codex-apply-patch = { path = "../apply-patch" }
 codex-core = { path = "../core" }
 codex-linux-sandbox = { path = "../linux-sandbox" }
 dotenvy = "0.15.7"
+tempfile = "3"
 tokio = { version = "1", features = ["rt-multi-thread"] }

codex-rs/arg0/src/lib.rs

@@ -3,6 +3,13 @@ use std::path::Path;
 use std::path::PathBuf;
 
 use codex_core::CODEX_APPLY_PATCH_ARG1;
+#[cfg(unix)]
+use std::os::unix::fs::symlink;
+use tempfile::TempDir;
+
+const LINUX_SANDBOX_ARG0: &str = "codex-linux-sandbox";
+const APPLY_PATCH_ARG0: &str = "apply_patch";
+const MISSPELLED_APPLY_PATCH_ARG0: &str = "applypatch";
 
 /// While we want to deploy the Codex CLI as a single executable for simplicity,
 /// we also want to expose some of its functionality as distinct CLIs, so we use
@@ -39,9 +46,11 @@ where
         .and_then(|s| s.to_str())
         .unwrap_or("");
 
-    if exe_name == "codex-linux-sandbox" {
+    if exe_name == LINUX_SANDBOX_ARG0 {
         // Safety: [`run_main`] never returns.
         codex_linux_sandbox::run_main();
+    } else if exe_name == APPLY_PATCH_ARG0 || exe_name == MISSPELLED_APPLY_PATCH_ARG0 {
+        codex_apply_patch::main();
     }
 
     let argv1 = args.next().unwrap_or_default();
@@ -68,6 +77,19 @@ where
     // before creating any threads/the Tokio runtime.
     load_dotenv();
 
+    // Retain the TempDir so it exists for the lifetime of the invocation of
+    // this executable. Admittedly, we could invoke `keep()` on it, but it
+    // would be nice to avoid leaving temporary directories behind, if possible.
+    let _path_entry = match prepend_path_entry_for_apply_patch() {
+        Ok(path_entry) => Some(path_entry),
+        Err(err) => {
+            // It is possible that Codex will proceed successfully even if
+            // updating the PATH fails, so warn the user and move on.
+            eprintln!("WARNING: proceeding, even though we could not update PATH: {err}");
+            None
+        }
+    };
+
     // Regular invocation – create a Tokio runtime and execute the provided
     // async entry-point.
     let runtime = tokio::runtime::Runtime::new()?;
@@ -113,3 +135,67 @@ where
         }
     }
 }
+
+/// Creates a temporary directory with either:
+///
+/// - UNIX: `apply_patch` symlink to the current executable
+/// - WINDOWS: `apply_patch.bat` batch script to invoke the current executable
+///   with the "secret" --codex-run-as-apply-patch flag.
+///
+/// This temporary directory is prepended to the PATH environment variable so
+/// that `apply_patch` can be on the PATH without requiring the user to
+/// install a separate `apply_patch` executable, simplifying the deployment of
+/// Codex CLI.
+///
+/// IMPORTANT: This function modifies the PATH environment variable, so it MUST
+/// be called before multiple threads are spawned.
+fn prepend_path_entry_for_apply_patch() -> std::io::Result<TempDir> {
+    let temp_dir = TempDir::new()?;
+    let path = temp_dir.path();
+
+    for filename in &[APPLY_PATCH_ARG0, MISSPELLED_APPLY_PATCH_ARG0] {
+        let exe = std::env::current_exe()?;
+
+        #[cfg(unix)]
+        {
+            let link = path.join(filename);
+            symlink(&exe, &link)?;
+        }
+
+        #[cfg(windows)]
+        {
+            let batch_script = path.join(format!("{filename}.bat"));
+            std::fs::write(
+                &batch_script,
+                format!(
+                    r#"@echo off
+"{}" {CODEX_APPLY_PATCH_ARG1} %*
+"#,
+                    exe.display()
+                ),
+            )?;
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(unix)]
+    const PATH_SEPARATOR: &str = ":";
+
+    #[cfg(windows)]
+    const PATH_SEPARATOR: &str = ";";
+
+    let path_element = path.display();
+    let updated_path_env_var = match std::env::var("PATH") {
+        Ok(existing_path) => {
+            format!("{path_element}{PATH_SEPARATOR}{existing_path}")
+        }
+        Err(_) => {
+            format!("{path_element}")
+        }
+    };
+
+    unsafe {
+        std::env::set_var("PATH", updated_path_env_var);
+    }
+
+    Ok(temp_dir)
+}

codex-rs/chatgpt/tests/all.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+// Single integration test binary that aggregates all test modules.
+// The submodules live in `tests/suite/`.
+mod suite;

codex-rs/chatgpt/tests/suite/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+// Aggregates all former standalone integration tests as modules.
+mod apply_command_e2e;

codex-rs/core/Cargo.toml

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ version = { workspace = true }
 [lib]
 name = "codex_core"
 path = "src/lib.rs"
+doctest = false
 
 [lints]
 workspace = true
@@ -51,12 +52,12 @@ tokio = { version = "1", features = [
 ] }
 tokio-util = "0.7.16"
 toml = "0.9.5"
-toml_edit = "0.23.3"
+toml_edit = "0.23.4"
 tracing = { version = "0.1.41", features = ["log"] }
 tree-sitter = "0.25.8"
 tree-sitter-bash = "0.25.0"
 uuid = { version = "1", features = ["serde", "v4"] }
-whoami = "1.6.0"
+whoami = "1.6.1"
 wildmatch = "2.4.0"
 
 

codex-rs/core/src/codex.rs

@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ use crate::exec::StreamOutput;
 use crate::exec::process_exec_tool_call;
 use crate::exec_command::EXEC_COMMAND_TOOL_NAME;
 use crate::exec_command::ExecCommandParams;
-use crate::exec_command::SESSION_MANAGER;
+use crate::exec_command::ExecSessionManager;
 use crate::exec_command::WRITE_STDIN_TOOL_NAME;
 use crate::exec_command::WriteStdinParams;
 use crate::exec_env::create_env;
@@ -64,6 +64,7 @@ use crate::mcp_tool_call::handle_mcp_tool_call;
 use crate::model_family::find_family_for_model;
 use crate::openai_tools::ApplyPatchToolArgs;
 use crate::openai_tools::ToolsConfig;
+use crate::openai_tools::ToolsConfigParams;
 use crate::openai_tools::get_openai_tools;
 use crate::parse_command::parse_command;
 use crate::plan_tool::handle_update_plan;
@@ -268,6 +269,7 @@ pub(crate) struct Session {
 
     /// Manager for external MCP servers/tools.
     mcp_connection_manager: McpConnectionManager,
+    session_manager: ExecSessionManager,
 
     /// External notifier command (will be passed as args to exec()). When
     /// `None` this feature is disabled.
@@ -506,15 +508,15 @@ impl Session {
         );
         let turn_context = TurnContext {
             client,
-            tools_config: ToolsConfig::new(
-                &config.model_family,
+            tools_config: ToolsConfig::new(&ToolsConfigParams {
+                model_family: &config.model_family,
                 approval_policy,
-                sandbox_policy.clone(),
-                config.include_plan_tool,
-                config.include_apply_patch_tool,
-                config.tools_web_search_request,
-                config.use_experimental_streamable_shell_tool,
-            ),
+                sandbox_policy: sandbox_policy.clone(),
+                include_plan_tool: config.include_plan_tool,
+                include_apply_patch_tool: config.include_apply_patch_tool,
+                include_web_search_request: config.tools_web_search_request,
+                use_streamable_shell_tool: config.use_experimental_streamable_shell_tool,
+            }),
             user_instructions,
             base_instructions,
             approval_policy,
@@ -527,6 +529,7 @@ impl Session {
             session_id,
             tx_event: tx_event.clone(),
             mcp_connection_manager,
+            session_manager: ExecSessionManager::default(),
             notify,
             state: Mutex::new(state),
             rollout: Mutex::new(rollout_recorder),
@@ -1092,15 +1095,15 @@ async fn submission_loop(
                     .unwrap_or(prev.sandbox_policy.clone());
                 let new_cwd = cwd.clone().unwrap_or_else(|| prev.cwd.clone());
 
-                let tools_config = ToolsConfig::new(
-                    &effective_family,
-                    new_approval_policy,
-                    new_sandbox_policy.clone(),
-                    config.include_plan_tool,
-                    config.include_apply_patch_tool,
-                    config.tools_web_search_request,
-                    config.use_experimental_streamable_shell_tool,
-                );
+                let tools_config = ToolsConfig::new(&ToolsConfigParams {
+                    model_family: &effective_family,
+                    approval_policy: new_approval_policy,
+                    sandbox_policy: new_sandbox_policy.clone(),
+                    include_plan_tool: config.include_plan_tool,
+                    include_apply_patch_tool: config.include_apply_patch_tool,
+                    include_web_search_request: config.tools_web_search_request,
+                    use_streamable_shell_tool: config.use_experimental_streamable_shell_tool,
+                });
 
                 let new_turn_context = TurnContext {
                     client,
@@ -1172,15 +1175,16 @@ async fn submission_loop(
 
                     let fresh_turn_context = TurnContext {
                         client,
-                        tools_config: ToolsConfig::new(
-                            &model_family,
+                        tools_config: ToolsConfig::new(&ToolsConfigParams {
+                            model_family: &model_family,
                             approval_policy,
-                            sandbox_policy.clone(),
-                            config.include_plan_tool,
-                            config.include_apply_patch_tool,
-                            config.tools_web_search_request,
-                            config.use_experimental_streamable_shell_tool,
-                        ),
+                            sandbox_policy: sandbox_policy.clone(),
+                            include_plan_tool: config.include_plan_tool,
+                            include_apply_patch_tool: config.include_apply_patch_tool,
+                            include_web_search_request: config.tools_web_search_request,
+                            use_streamable_shell_tool: config
+                                .use_experimental_streamable_shell_tool,
+                        }),
                         user_instructions: turn_context.user_instructions.clone(),
                         base_instructions: turn_context.base_instructions.clone(),
                         approval_policy,
@@ -2110,7 +2114,8 @@ async fn handle_function_call(
                     };
                 }
             };
-            let result = SESSION_MANAGER
+            let result = sess
+                .session_manager
                 .handle_exec_command_request(exec_params)
                 .await;
             let function_call_output = crate::exec_command::result_into_payload(result);
@@ -2132,7 +2137,8 @@ async fn handle_function_call(
                     };
                 }
             };
-            let result = SESSION_MANAGER
+            let result = sess
+                .session_manager
                 .handle_write_stdin_request(write_stdin_params)
                 .await;
             let function_call_output: FunctionCallOutputPayload =
@@ -2810,15 +2816,9 @@ async fn drain_to_completed(
                 response_id: _,
                 token_usage,
             }) => {
-                let token_usage = match token_usage {
-                    Some(usage) => usage,
-                    None => {
-                        return Err(CodexErr::Stream(
-                            "token_usage was None in ResponseEvent::Completed".into(),
-                            None,
-                        ));
-                    }
-                };
+                // some providers don't return token usage, so we default
+                // TODO: consider approximate token usage
+                let token_usage = token_usage.unwrap_or_default();
                 sess.tx_event
                     .send(Event {
                         id: sub_id.to_string(),
@@ -2826,6 +2826,7 @@ async fn drain_to_completed(
                     })
                     .await
                     .ok();
+
                 return Ok(());
             }
             Ok(_) => continue,

codex-rs/core/src/exec_command/mod.rs

@@ -10,5 +10,5 @@ pub use responses_api::EXEC_COMMAND_TOOL_NAME;
 pub use responses_api::WRITE_STDIN_TOOL_NAME;
 pub use responses_api::create_exec_command_tool_for_responses_api;
 pub use responses_api::create_write_stdin_tool_for_responses_api;
-pub use session_manager::SESSION_MANAGER;
+pub use session_manager::SessionManager as ExecSessionManager;
 pub use session_manager::result_into_payload;

codex-rs/core/src/exec_command/session_manager.rs

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::io::ErrorKind;
 use std::io::Read;
 use std::sync::Arc;
-use std::sync::LazyLock;
 use std::sync::Mutex as StdMutex;
 use std::sync::atomic::AtomicU32;
 
@@ -22,8 +21,6 @@ use crate::exec_command::exec_command_session::ExecCommandSession;
 use crate::exec_command::session_id::SessionId;
 use codex_protocol::models::FunctionCallOutputPayload;
 
-pub static SESSION_MANAGER: LazyLock<SessionManager> = LazyLock::new(SessionManager::default);
-
 #[derive(Debug, Default)]
 pub struct SessionManager {
     next_session_id: AtomicU32,

codex-rs/core/src/model_family.rs

@@ -90,7 +90,6 @@ pub fn find_family_for_model(slug: &str) -> Option<ModelFamily> {
         model_family!(
             slug, slug,
             supports_reasoning_summaries: true,
-            apply_patch_tool_type: Some(ApplyPatchToolType::Freeform),
         )
     } else if slug.starts_with("gpt-4.1") {
         model_family!(
@@ -107,7 +106,6 @@ pub fn find_family_for_model(slug: &str) -> Option<ModelFamily> {
         model_family!(
             slug, "gpt-5",
             supports_reasoning_summaries: true,
-            apply_patch_tool_type: Some(ApplyPatchToolType::Freeform),
         )
     } else {
         None

codex-rs/core/src/openai_model_info.rs

@@ -79,13 +79,13 @@ pub(crate) fn get_model_info(model_family: &ModelFamily) -> Option<ModelInfo> {
         }),
 
         "gpt-5" => Some(ModelInfo {
-            context_window: 200_000,
-            max_output_tokens: 100_000,
+            context_window: 400_000,
+            max_output_tokens: 128_000,
         }),
 
         _ if slug.starts_with("codex-") => Some(ModelInfo {
-            context_window: 200_000,
-            max_output_tokens: 100_000,
+            context_window: 400_000,
+            max_output_tokens: 128_000,
         }),
 
         _ => None,

codex-rs/core/src/openai_tools.rs

@@ -62,24 +62,35 @@ pub enum ConfigShellToolType {
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
-pub struct ToolsConfig {
+pub(crate) struct ToolsConfig {
     pub shell_type: ConfigShellToolType,
     pub plan_tool: bool,
     pub apply_patch_tool_type: Option<ApplyPatchToolType>,
     pub web_search_request: bool,
 }
 
+pub(crate) struct ToolsConfigParams<'a> {
+    pub(crate) model_family: &'a ModelFamily,
+    pub(crate) approval_policy: AskForApproval,
+    pub(crate) sandbox_policy: SandboxPolicy,
+    pub(crate) include_plan_tool: bool,
+    pub(crate) include_apply_patch_tool: bool,
+    pub(crate) include_web_search_request: bool,
+    pub(crate) use_streamable_shell_tool: bool,
+}
+
 impl ToolsConfig {
-    pub fn new(
-        model_family: &ModelFamily,
-        approval_policy: AskForApproval,
-        sandbox_policy: SandboxPolicy,
-        include_plan_tool: bool,
-        include_apply_patch_tool: bool,
-        include_web_search_request: bool,
-        use_streamable_shell_tool: bool,
-    ) -> Self {
-        let mut shell_type = if use_streamable_shell_tool {
+    pub fn new(params: &ToolsConfigParams) -> Self {
+        let ToolsConfigParams {
+            model_family,
+            approval_policy,
+            sandbox_policy,
+            include_plan_tool,
+            include_apply_patch_tool,
+            include_web_search_request,
+            use_streamable_shell_tool,
+        } = params;
+        let mut shell_type = if *use_streamable_shell_tool {
             ConfigShellToolType::StreamableShell
         } else if model_family.uses_local_shell_tool {
             ConfigShellToolType::LocalShell
@@ -96,7 +107,7 @@ impl ToolsConfig {
             Some(ApplyPatchToolType::Freeform) => Some(ApplyPatchToolType::Freeform),
             Some(ApplyPatchToolType::Function) => Some(ApplyPatchToolType::Function),
             None => {
-                if include_apply_patch_tool {
+                if *include_apply_patch_tool {
                     Some(ApplyPatchToolType::Freeform)
                 } else {
                     None
@@ -106,9 +117,9 @@ impl ToolsConfig {
 
         Self {
             shell_type,
-            plan_tool: include_plan_tool,
+            plan_tool: *include_plan_tool,
             apply_patch_tool_type,
-            web_search_request: include_web_search_request,
+            web_search_request: *include_web_search_request,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -531,7 +542,12 @@ pub(crate) fn get_openai_tools(
     }
 
     if let Some(mcp_tools) = mcp_tools {
-        for (name, tool) in mcp_tools {
+        // Ensure deterministic ordering to maximize prompt cache hits.
+        // HashMap iteration order is non-deterministic, so sort by fully-qualified tool name.
+        let mut entries: Vec<(String, mcp_types::Tool)> = mcp_tools.into_iter().collect();
+        entries.sort_by(|a, b| a.0.cmp(&b.0));
+
+        for (name, tool) in entries.into_iter() {
             match mcp_tool_to_openai_tool(name.clone(), tool.clone()) {
                 Ok(converted_tool) => tools.push(OpenAiTool::Function(converted_tool)),
                 Err(e) => {
@@ -580,15 +596,15 @@ mod tests {
     fn test_get_openai_tools() {
         let model_family = find_family_for_model("codex-mini-latest")
             .expect("codex-mini-latest should be a valid model family");
-        let config = ToolsConfig::new(
-            &model_family,
-            AskForApproval::Never,
-            SandboxPolicy::ReadOnly,
-            true,
-            false,
-            true,
-            /*use_experimental_streamable_shell_tool*/ false,
-        );
+        let config = ToolsConfig::new(&ToolsConfigParams {
+            model_family: &model_family,
+            approval_policy: AskForApproval::Never,
+            sandbox_policy: SandboxPolicy::ReadOnly,
+            include_plan_tool: true,
+            include_apply_patch_tool: false,
+            include_web_search_request: true,
+            use_streamable_shell_tool: false,
+        });
         let tools = get_openai_tools(&config, Some(HashMap::new()));
 
         assert_eq_tool_names(&tools, &["local_shell", "update_plan", "web_search"]);
@@ -597,15 +613,15 @@ mod tests {
     #[test]
     fn test_get_openai_tools_default_shell() {
         let model_family = find_family_for_model("o3").expect("o3 should be a valid model family");
-        let config = ToolsConfig::new(
-            &model_family,
-            AskForApproval::Never,
-            SandboxPolicy::ReadOnly,
-            true,
-            false,
-            true,
-            /*use_experimental_streamable_shell_tool*/ false,
-        );
+        let config = ToolsConfig::new(&ToolsConfigParams {
+            model_family: &model_family,
+            approval_policy: AskForApproval::Never,
+            sandbox_policy: SandboxPolicy::ReadOnly,
+            include_plan_tool: true,
+            include_apply_patch_tool: false,
+            include_web_search_request: true,
+            use_streamable_shell_tool: false,
+        });
         let tools = get_openai_tools(&config, Some(HashMap::new()));
 
         assert_eq_tool_names(&tools, &["shell", "update_plan", "web_search"]);
@@ -614,15 +630,15 @@ mod tests {
     #[test]
     fn test_get_openai_tools_mcp_tools() {
         let model_family = find_family_for_model("o3").expect("o3 should be a valid model family");
-        let config = ToolsConfig::new(
-            &model_family,
-            AskForApproval::Never,
-            SandboxPolicy::ReadOnly,
-            false,
-            false,
-            true,
-            /*use_experimental_streamable_shell_tool*/ false,
-        );
+        let config = ToolsConfig::new(&ToolsConfigParams {
+            model_family: &model_family,
+            approval_policy: AskForApproval::Never,
+            sandbox_policy: SandboxPolicy::ReadOnly,
+            include_plan_tool: false,
+            include_apply_patch_tool: false,
+            include_web_search_request: true,
+            use_streamable_shell_tool: false,
+        });
         let tools = get_openai_tools(
             &config,
             Some(HashMap::from([(
@@ -710,18 +726,93 @@ mod tests {
         );
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn test_get_openai_tools_mcp_tools_sorted_by_name() {
+        let model_family = find_family_for_model("o3").expect("o3 should be a valid model family");
+        let config = ToolsConfig::new(&ToolsConfigParams {
+            model_family: &model_family,
+            approval_policy: AskForApproval::Never,
+            sandbox_policy: SandboxPolicy::ReadOnly,
+            include_plan_tool: false,
+            include_apply_patch_tool: false,
+            include_web_search_request: false,
+            use_streamable_shell_tool: false,
+        });
+
+        // Intentionally construct a map with keys that would sort alphabetically.
+        let tools_map: HashMap<String, mcp_types::Tool> = HashMap::from([
+            (
+                "test_server/do".to_string(),
+                mcp_types::Tool {
+                    name: "a".to_string(),
+                    input_schema: ToolInputSchema {
+                        properties: Some(serde_json::json!({})),
+                        required: None,
+                        r#type: "object".to_string(),
+                    },
+                    output_schema: None,
+                    title: None,
+                    annotations: None,
+                    description: Some("a".to_string()),
+                },
+            ),
+            (
+                "test_server/something".to_string(),
+                mcp_types::Tool {
+                    name: "b".to_string(),
+                    input_schema: ToolInputSchema {
+                        properties: Some(serde_json::json!({})),
+                        required: None,
+                        r#type: "object".to_string(),
+                    },
+                    output_schema: None,
+                    title: None,
+                    annotations: None,
+                    description: Some("b".to_string()),
+                },
+            ),
+            (
+                "test_server/cool".to_string(),
+                mcp_types::Tool {
+                    name: "c".to_string(),
+                    input_schema: ToolInputSchema {
+                        properties: Some(serde_json::json!({})),
+                        required: None,
+                        r#type: "object".to_string(),
+                    },
+                    output_schema: None,
+                    title: None,
+                    annotations: None,
+                    description: Some("c".to_string()),
+                },
+            ),
+        ]);
+
+        let tools = get_openai_tools(&config, Some(tools_map));
+        // Expect shell first, followed by MCP tools sorted by fully-qualified name.
+        assert_eq_tool_names(
+            &tools,
+            &[
+                "shell",
+                "test_server/cool",
+                "test_server/do",
+                "test_server/something",
+            ],
+        );
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn test_mcp_tool_property_missing_type_defaults_to_string() {
         let model_family = find_family_for_model("o3").expect("o3 should be a valid model family");
-        let config = ToolsConfig::new(
-            &model_family,
-            AskForApproval::Never,
-            SandboxPolicy::ReadOnly,
-            false,
-            false,
-            true,
-            /*use_experimental_streamable_shell_tool*/ false,
-        );
+        let config = ToolsConfig::new(&ToolsConfigParams {
+            model_family: &model_family,
+            approval_policy: AskForApproval::Never,
+            sandbox_policy: SandboxPolicy::ReadOnly,
+            include_plan_tool: false,
+            include_apply_patch_tool: false,
+            include_web_search_request: true,
+            use_streamable_shell_tool: false,
+        });
 
         let tools = get_openai_tools(
             &config,
@@ -771,15 +862,15 @@ mod tests {
     #[test]
     fn test_mcp_tool_integer_normalized_to_number() {
         let model_family = find_family_for_model("o3").expect("o3 should be a valid model family");
-        let config = ToolsConfig::new(
-            &model_family,
-            AskForApproval::Never,
-            SandboxPolicy::ReadOnly,
-            false,
-            false,
-            true,
-            /*use_experimental_streamable_shell_tool*/ false,
-        );
+        let config = ToolsConfig::new(&ToolsConfigParams {
+            model_family: &model_family,
+            approval_policy: AskForApproval::Never,
+            sandbox_policy: SandboxPolicy::ReadOnly,
+            include_plan_tool: false,
+            include_apply_patch_tool: false,
+            include_web_search_request: true,
+            use_streamable_shell_tool: false,
+        });
 
         let tools = get_openai_tools(
             &config,
@@ -824,15 +915,15 @@ mod tests {
     #[test]
     fn test_mcp_tool_array_without_items_gets_default_string_items() {
         let model_family = find_family_for_model("o3").expect("o3 should be a valid model family");
-        let config = ToolsConfig::new(
-            &model_family,
-            AskForApproval::Never,
-            SandboxPolicy::ReadOnly,
-            false,
-            false,
-            true,
-            /*use_experimental_streamable_shell_tool*/ false,
-        );
+        let config = ToolsConfig::new(&ToolsConfigParams {
+            model_family: &model_family,
+            approval_policy: AskForApproval::Never,
+            sandbox_policy: SandboxPolicy::ReadOnly,
+            include_plan_tool: false,
+            include_apply_patch_tool: false,
+            include_web_search_request: true,
+            use_streamable_shell_tool: false,
+        });
 
         let tools = get_openai_tools(
             &config,
@@ -880,15 +971,15 @@ mod tests {
     #[test]
     fn test_mcp_tool_anyof_defaults_to_string() {
         let model_family = find_family_for_model("o3").expect("o3 should be a valid model family");
-        let config = ToolsConfig::new(
-            &model_family,
-            AskForApproval::Never,
-            SandboxPolicy::ReadOnly,
-            false,
-            false,
-            true,
-            /*use_experimental_streamable_shell_tool*/ false,
-        );
+        let config = ToolsConfig::new(&ToolsConfigParams {
+            model_family: &model_family,
+            approval_policy: AskForApproval::Never,
+            sandbox_policy: SandboxPolicy::ReadOnly,
+            include_plan_tool: false,
+            include_apply_patch_tool: false,
+            include_web_search_request: true,
+            use_streamable_shell_tool: false,
+        });
 
         let tools = get_openai_tools(
             &config,

codex-rs/core/tests/all.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+// Single integration test binary that aggregates all test modules.
+// The submodules live in `tests/all/`.
+mod suite;

codex-rs/core/tests/suite/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+// Aggregates all former standalone integration tests as modules.
+
+mod cli_stream;
+mod client;
+mod compact;
+mod exec;
+mod exec_stream_events;
+mod live_cli;
+mod prompt_caching;
+mod seatbelt;
+mod stream_error_allows_next_turn;
+mod stream_no_completed;

codex-rs/core/tests/suite/prompt_caching.rs

@@ -107,8 +107,8 @@ async fn codex_mini_latest_tools() {
     assert_eq!(requests.len(), 2, "expected two POST requests");
 
     let expected_instructions = [
-        include_str!("../prompt.md"),
-        include_str!("../../apply-patch/apply_patch_tool_instructions.md"),
+        include_str!("../../prompt.md"),
+        include_str!("../../../apply-patch/apply_patch_tool_instructions.md"),
     ]
     .join("\n");
 
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ async fn prompt_tools_are_consistent_across_requests() {
     let requests = server.received_requests().await.unwrap();
     assert_eq!(requests.len(), 2, "expected two POST requests");
 
-    let expected_instructions: &str = include_str!("../prompt.md");
+    let expected_instructions: &str = include_str!("../../prompt.md");
     // our internal implementation is responsible for keeping tools in sync
     // with the OpenAI schema, so we just verify the tool presence here
     let expected_tools_names: &[&str] = &["shell", "update_plan", "apply_patch"];

codex-rs/exec/tests/all.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+// Single integration test binary that aggregates all test modules.
+// The submodules live in `tests/suite/`.
+mod suite;

codex-rs/exec/tests/apply_patch.rs

@@ -1,339 +0,0 @@
-#![allow(clippy::expect_used, clippy::unwrap_used)]
-
-use anyhow::Context;
-use assert_cmd::prelude::*;
-use codex_core::CODEX_APPLY_PATCH_ARG1;
-use std::fs;
-use std::process::Command;
-use tempfile::tempdir;
-
-/// While we may add an `apply-patch` subcommand to the `codex` CLI multitool
-/// at some point, we must ensure that the smaller `codex-exec` CLI can still
-/// emulate the `apply_patch` CLI.
-#[test]
-fn test_standalone_exec_cli_can_use_apply_patch() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
-    let tmp = tempdir()?;
-    let relative_path = "source.txt";
-    let absolute_path = tmp.path().join(relative_path);
-    fs::write(&absolute_path, "original content\n")?;
-
-    Command::cargo_bin("codex-exec")
-        .context("should find binary for codex-exec")?
-        .arg(CODEX_APPLY_PATCH_ARG1)
-        .arg(
-            r#"*** Begin Patch
-*** Update File: source.txt
-@@
--original content
-+modified by apply_patch
-*** End Patch"#,
-        )
-        .current_dir(tmp.path())
-        .assert()
-        .success()
-        .stdout("Success. Updated the following files:\nM source.txt\n")
-        .stderr(predicates::str::is_empty());
-    assert_eq!(
-        fs::read_to_string(absolute_path)?,
-        "modified by apply_patch\n"
-    );
-    Ok(())
-}
-
-#[cfg(not(target_os = "windows"))]
-#[tokio::test]
-async fn test_apply_patch_tool() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
-    use core_test_support::load_sse_fixture_with_id_from_str;
-    use tempfile::TempDir;
-    use wiremock::Mock;
-    use wiremock::MockServer;
-    use wiremock::ResponseTemplate;
-    use wiremock::matchers::method;
-    use wiremock::matchers::path;
-
-    const SSE_TOOL_CALL_ADD: &str = r#"[
-  {
-    "type": "response.output_item.done",
-    "item": {
-      "type": "function_call",
-      "name": "apply_patch",
-      "arguments": "{\n  \"input\": \"*** Begin Patch\\n*** Add File: test.md\\n+Hello world\\n*** End Patch\"\n}",
-      "call_id": "__ID__"
-    }
-  },
-  {
-    "type": "response.completed",
-    "response": {
-      "id": "__ID__",
-      "usage": {
-        "input_tokens": 0,
-        "input_tokens_details": null,
-        "output_tokens": 0,
-        "output_tokens_details": null,
-        "total_tokens": 0
-      },
-      "output": []
-    }
-  }
-]"#;
-
-    const SSE_TOOL_CALL_UPDATE: &str = r#"[
-  {
-    "type": "response.output_item.done",
-    "item": {
-      "type": "function_call",
-      "name": "apply_patch",
-      "arguments": "{\n  \"input\": \"*** Begin Patch\\n*** Update File: test.md\\n@@\\n-Hello world\\n+Final text\\n*** End Patch\"\n}",
-      "call_id": "__ID__"
-    }
-  },
-  {
-    "type": "response.completed",
-    "response": {
-      "id": "__ID__",
-      "usage": {
-        "input_tokens": 0,
-        "input_tokens_details": null,
-        "output_tokens": 0,
-        "output_tokens_details": null,
-        "total_tokens": 0
-      },
-      "output": []
-    }
-  }
-]"#;
-
-    const SSE_TOOL_CALL_COMPLETED: &str = r#"[
-  {
-    "type": "response.completed",
-    "response": {
-      "id": "__ID__",
-      "usage": {
-        "input_tokens": 0,
-        "input_tokens_details": null,
-        "output_tokens": 0,
-        "output_tokens_details": null,
-        "total_tokens": 0
-      },
-      "output": []
-    }
-  }
-]"#;
-
-    // Start a mock model server
-    let server = MockServer::start().await;
-
-    // First response: model calls apply_patch to create test.md
-    let first = ResponseTemplate::new(200)
-        .insert_header("content-type", "text/event-stream")
-        .set_body_raw(
-            load_sse_fixture_with_id_from_str(SSE_TOOL_CALL_ADD, "call1"),
-            "text/event-stream",
-        );
-
-    Mock::given(method("POST"))
-        // .and(path("/v1/responses"))
-        .respond_with(first)
-        .up_to_n_times(1)
-        .mount(&server)
-        .await;
-
-    // Second response: model calls apply_patch to update test.md
-    let second = ResponseTemplate::new(200)
-        .insert_header("content-type", "text/event-stream")
-        .set_body_raw(
-            load_sse_fixture_with_id_from_str(SSE_TOOL_CALL_UPDATE, "call2"),
-            "text/event-stream",
-        );
-
-    Mock::given(method("POST"))
-        .and(path("/v1/responses"))
-        .respond_with(second)
-        .up_to_n_times(1)
-        .mount(&server)
-        .await;
-
-    let final_completed = ResponseTemplate::new(200)
-        .insert_header("content-type", "text/event-stream")
-        .set_body_raw(
-            load_sse_fixture_with_id_from_str(SSE_TOOL_CALL_COMPLETED, "resp3"),
-            "text/event-stream",
-        );
-
-    Mock::given(method("POST"))
-        .and(path("/v1/responses"))
-        .respond_with(final_completed)
-        .expect(1)
-        .mount(&server)
-        .await;
-
-    let tmp_cwd = TempDir::new().unwrap();
-    Command::cargo_bin("codex-exec")
-        .context("should find binary for codex-exec")?
-        .current_dir(tmp_cwd.path())
-        .env("CODEX_HOME", tmp_cwd.path())
-        .env("OPENAI_API_KEY", "dummy")
-        .env("OPENAI_BASE_URL", format!("{}/v1", server.uri()))
-        .arg("--skip-git-repo-check")
-        .arg("-s")
-        .arg("workspace-write")
-        .arg("foo")
-        .assert()
-        .success();
-
-    // Verify final file contents
-    let final_path = tmp_cwd.path().join("test.md");
-    let contents = std::fs::read_to_string(&final_path)
-        .unwrap_or_else(|e| panic!("failed reading {}: {e}", final_path.display()));
-    assert_eq!(contents, "Final text\n");
-    Ok(())
-}
-
-#[cfg(not(target_os = "windows"))]
-#[tokio::test]
-async fn test_apply_patch_freeform_tool() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
-    use core_test_support::load_sse_fixture_with_id_from_str;
-    use tempfile::TempDir;
-    use wiremock::Mock;
-    use wiremock::MockServer;
-    use wiremock::ResponseTemplate;
-    use wiremock::matchers::method;
-    use wiremock::matchers::path;
-
-    const SSE_TOOL_CALL_ADD: &str = r#"[
-  {
-    "type": "response.output_item.done",
-    "item": {
-      "type": "custom_tool_call",
-      "name": "apply_patch",
-      "input": "*** Begin Patch\n*** Add File: test.md\n+Hello world\n*** End Patch",
-      "call_id": "__ID__"
-    }
-  },
-  {
-    "type": "response.completed",
-    "response": {
-      "id": "__ID__",
-      "usage": {
-        "input_tokens": 0,
-        "input_tokens_details": null,
-        "output_tokens": 0,
-        "output_tokens_details": null,
-        "total_tokens": 0
-      },
-      "output": []
-    }
-  }
-]"#;
-
-    const SSE_TOOL_CALL_UPDATE: &str = r#"[
-  {
-    "type": "response.output_item.done",
-    "item": {
-      "type": "custom_tool_call",
-      "name": "apply_patch",
-      "input": "*** Begin Patch\n*** Update File: test.md\n@@\n-Hello world\n+Final text\n*** End Patch",
-      "call_id": "__ID__"
-    }
-  },
-  {
-    "type": "response.completed",
-    "response": {
-      "id": "__ID__",
-      "usage": {
-        "input_tokens": 0,
-        "input_tokens_details": null,
-        "output_tokens": 0,
-        "output_tokens_details": null,
-        "total_tokens": 0
-      },
-      "output": []
-    }
-  }
-]"#;
-
-    const SSE_TOOL_CALL_COMPLETED: &str = r#"[
-  {
-    "type": "response.completed",
-    "response": {
-      "id": "__ID__",
-      "usage": {
-        "input_tokens": 0,
-        "input_tokens_details": null,
-        "output_tokens": 0,
-        "output_tokens_details": null,
-        "total_tokens": 0
-      },
-      "output": []
-    }
-  }
-]"#;
-
-    // Start a mock model server
-    let server = MockServer::start().await;
-
-    // First response: model calls apply_patch to create test.md
-    let first = ResponseTemplate::new(200)
-        .insert_header("content-type", "text/event-stream")
-        .set_body_raw(
-            load_sse_fixture_with_id_from_str(SSE_TOOL_CALL_ADD, "call1"),
-            "text/event-stream",
-        );
-
-    Mock::given(method("POST"))
-        // .and(path("/v1/responses"))
-        .respond_with(first)
-        .up_to_n_times(1)
-        .mount(&server)
-        .await;
-
-    // Second response: model calls apply_patch to update test.md
-    let second = ResponseTemplate::new(200)
-        .insert_header("content-type", "text/event-stream")
-        .set_body_raw(
-            load_sse_fixture_with_id_from_str(SSE_TOOL_CALL_UPDATE, "call2"),
-            "text/event-stream",
-        );
-
-    Mock::given(method("POST"))
-        .and(path("/v1/responses"))
-        .respond_with(second)
-        .up_to_n_times(1)
-        .mount(&server)
-        .await;
-
-    let final_completed = ResponseTemplate::new(200)
-        .insert_header("content-type", "text/event-stream")
-        .set_body_raw(
-            load_sse_fixture_with_id_from_str(SSE_TOOL_CALL_COMPLETED, "resp3"),
-            "text/event-stream",
-        );
-
-    Mock::given(method("POST"))
-        // .and(path("/v1/responses"))
-        .respond_with(final_completed)
-        .expect(1)
-        .mount(&server)
-        .await;
-
-    let tmp_cwd = TempDir::new().unwrap();
-    Command::cargo_bin("codex-exec")
-        .context("should find binary for codex-exec")?
-        .current_dir(tmp_cwd.path())
-        .env("CODEX_HOME", tmp_cwd.path())
-        .env("OPENAI_API_KEY", "dummy")
-        .env("OPENAI_BASE_URL", format!("{}/v1", server.uri()))
-        .arg("--skip-git-repo-check")
-        .arg("-s")
-        .arg("workspace-write")
-        .arg("foo")
-        .assert()
-        .success();
-
-    // Verify final file contents
-    let final_path = tmp_cwd.path().join("test.md");
-    let contents = std::fs::read_to_string(&final_path)
-        .unwrap_or_else(|e| panic!("failed reading {}: {e}", final_path.display()));
-    assert_eq!(contents, "Final text\n");
-    Ok(())
-}

codex-rs/exec/tests/fixtures/apply_patch_freeform_final.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+class BaseClass:
+  def method():
+
+    return True

codex-rs/exec/tests/fixtures/sse_apply_patch_add.json

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+[
+  {
+    "type": "response.output_item.done",
+    "item": {
+      "type": "custom_tool_call",
+      "name": "apply_patch",
+      "input": "*** Begin Patch\n*** Add File: test.md\n+Hello world\n*** End Patch",
+      "call_id": "__ID__"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "type": "response.completed",
+    "response": {
+      "id": "__ID__",
+      "usage": {
+        "input_tokens": 0,
+        "input_tokens_details": null,
+        "output_tokens": 0,
+        "output_tokens_details": null,
+        "total_tokens": 0
+      },
+      "output": []
+    }
+  }
+]

codex-rs/exec/tests/fixtures/sse_apply_patch_context_update.json

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+[
+  {
+    "type": "response.output_item.done",
+    "item": {
+      "type": "custom_tool_call",
+      "name": "apply_patch",
+      "input": "*** Begin Patch\n*** Update File: app.py\n@@ class BaseClass:\n@@   def method():\n-    return False\n+    return True\n*** End Patch",
+      "call_id": "__ID__"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "type": "response.completed",
+    "response": {
+      "id": "__ID__",
+      "usage": {
+        "input_tokens": 0,
+        "input_tokens_details": null,
+        "output_tokens": 0,
+        "output_tokens_details": null,
+        "total_tokens": 0
+      },
+      "output": []
+    }
+  }
+]

codex-rs/exec/tests/fixtures/sse_apply_patch_freeform_add.json

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+[
+  {
+    "type": "response.output_item.done",
+    "item": {
+      "type": "custom_tool_call",
+      "name": "apply_patch",
+      "input": "*** Begin Patch\n*** Add File: app.py\n+class BaseClass:\n+  def method():\n+    return False\n*** End Patch",
+      "call_id": "__ID__"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "type": "response.completed",
+    "response": {
+      "id": "__ID__",
+      "usage": {
+        "input_tokens": 0,
+        "input_tokens_details": null,
+        "output_tokens": 0,
+        "output_tokens_details": null,
+        "total_tokens": 0
+      },
+      "output": []
+    }
+  }
+]

codex-rs/exec/tests/fixtures/sse_apply_patch_freeform_update.json

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+[
+  {
+    "type": "response.output_item.done",
+    "item": {
+      "type": "custom_tool_call",
+      "name": "apply_patch",
+      "input": "*** Begin Patch\n*** Update File: app.py\n@@  def method():\n-    return False\n+\n+    return True\n*** End Patch",
+      "call_id": "__ID__"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "type": "response.completed",
+    "response": {
+      "id": "__ID__",
+      "usage": {
+        "input_tokens": 0,
+        "input_tokens_details": null,
+        "output_tokens": 0,
+        "output_tokens_details": null,
+        "total_tokens": 0
+      },
+      "output": []
+    }
+  }
+]

codex-rs/exec/tests/fixtures/sse_apply_patch_update.json

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+[
+  {
+    "type": "response.output_item.done",
+    "item": {
+      "type": "function_call",
+      "name": "apply_patch",
+      "arguments": "{\n  \"input\": \"*** Begin Patch\\n*** Update File: test.md\\n@@\\n-Hello world\\n+Final text\\n*** End Patch\"\n}",
+      "call_id": "__ID__"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "type": "response.completed",
+    "response": {
+      "id": "__ID__",
+      "usage": {
+        "input_tokens": 0,
+        "input_tokens_details": null,
+        "output_tokens": 0,
+        "output_tokens_details": null,
+        "total_tokens": 0
+      },
+      "output": []
+    }
+  }
+]

codex-rs/exec/tests/fixtures/sse_response_completed.json

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+[
+  {
+    "type": "response.completed",
+    "response": {
+      "id": "__ID__",
+      "usage": {
+        "input_tokens": 0,
+        "input_tokens_details": null,
+        "output_tokens": 0,
+        "output_tokens_details": null,
+        "total_tokens": 0
+      },
+      "output": []
+    }
+  }
+]

codex-rs/exec/tests/suite/apply_patch.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+#![allow(clippy::expect_used, clippy::unwrap_used)]
+
+use anyhow::Context;
+use assert_cmd::prelude::*;
+use codex_core::CODEX_APPLY_PATCH_ARG1;
+use std::fs;
+use std::process::Command;
+use tempfile::tempdir;
+
+/// While we may add an `apply-patch` subcommand to the `codex` CLI multitool
+/// at some point, we must ensure that the smaller `codex-exec` CLI can still
+/// emulate the `apply_patch` CLI.
+#[test]
+fn test_standalone_exec_cli_can_use_apply_patch() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+    let tmp = tempdir()?;
+    let relative_path = "source.txt";
+    let absolute_path = tmp.path().join(relative_path);
+    fs::write(&absolute_path, "original content\n")?;
+
+    Command::cargo_bin("codex-exec")
+        .context("should find binary for codex-exec")?
+        .arg(CODEX_APPLY_PATCH_ARG1)
+        .arg(
+            r#"*** Begin Patch
+*** Update File: source.txt
+@@
+-original content
++modified by apply_patch
+*** End Patch"#,
+        )
+        .current_dir(tmp.path())
+        .assert()
+        .success()
+        .stdout("Success. Updated the following files:\nM source.txt\n")
+        .stderr(predicates::str::is_empty());
+    assert_eq!(
+        fs::read_to_string(absolute_path)?,
+        "modified by apply_patch\n"
+    );
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[cfg(not(target_os = "windows"))]
+#[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread", worker_threads = 4)]
+async fn test_apply_patch_tool() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+    use crate::suite::common::run_e2e_exec_test;
+    use codex_core::spawn::CODEX_SANDBOX_NETWORK_DISABLED_ENV_VAR;
+
+    if std::env::var(CODEX_SANDBOX_NETWORK_DISABLED_ENV_VAR).is_ok() {
+        println!(
+            "Skipping test because it cannot execute when network is disabled in a Codex sandbox."
+        );
+        return Ok(());
+    }
+
+    let tmp_cwd = tempdir().expect("failed to create temp dir");
+    let tmp_path = tmp_cwd.path().to_path_buf();
+    run_e2e_exec_test(
+        tmp_cwd.path(),
+        vec![
+            include_str!("../fixtures/sse_apply_patch_add.json").to_string(),
+            include_str!("../fixtures/sse_apply_patch_update.json").to_string(),
+            include_str!("../fixtures/sse_response_completed.json").to_string(),
+        ],
+    )
+    .await;
+
+    let final_path = tmp_path.join("test.md");
+    let contents = std::fs::read_to_string(&final_path)
+        .unwrap_or_else(|e| panic!("failed reading {}: {e}", final_path.display()));
+    assert_eq!(contents, "Final text\n");
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[cfg(not(target_os = "windows"))]
+#[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread", worker_threads = 4)]
+async fn test_apply_patch_freeform_tool() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+    use crate::suite::common::run_e2e_exec_test;
+    use codex_core::spawn::CODEX_SANDBOX_NETWORK_DISABLED_ENV_VAR;
+
+    if std::env::var(CODEX_SANDBOX_NETWORK_DISABLED_ENV_VAR).is_ok() {
+        println!(
+            "Skipping test because it cannot execute when network is disabled in a Codex sandbox."
+        );
+        return Ok(());
+    }
+
+    let tmp_cwd = tempdir().expect("failed to create temp dir");
+    run_e2e_exec_test(
+        tmp_cwd.path(),
+        vec![
+            include_str!("../fixtures/sse_apply_patch_freeform_add.json").to_string(),
+            include_str!("../fixtures/sse_apply_patch_freeform_update.json").to_string(),
+            include_str!("../fixtures/sse_response_completed.json").to_string(),
+        ],
+    )
+    .await;
+
+    // Verify final file contents
+    let final_path = tmp_cwd.path().join("app.py");
+    let contents = std::fs::read_to_string(&final_path)
+        .unwrap_or_else(|e| panic!("failed reading {}: {e}", final_path.display()));
+    assert_eq!(
+        contents,
+        include_str!("../fixtures/apply_patch_freeform_final.txt")
+    );
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[cfg(not(target_os = "windows"))]
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn test_apply_patch_context() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+    use crate::suite::common::run_e2e_exec_test;
+    use codex_core::spawn::CODEX_SANDBOX_NETWORK_DISABLED_ENV_VAR;
+
+    if std::env::var(CODEX_SANDBOX_NETWORK_DISABLED_ENV_VAR).is_ok() {
+        println!(
+            "Skipping test because it cannot execute when network is disabled in a Codex sandbox."
+        );
+        return Ok(());
+    }
+
+    let tmp_cwd = tempdir().expect("failed to create temp dir");
+    run_e2e_exec_test(
+        tmp_cwd.path(),
+        vec![
+            include_str!("../fixtures/sse_apply_patch_freeform_add.json").to_string(),
+            include_str!("../fixtures/sse_apply_patch_context_update.json").to_string(),
+            include_str!("../fixtures/sse_response_completed.json").to_string(),
+        ],
+    )
+    .await;
+
+    // Verify final file contents
+    let final_path = tmp_cwd.path().join("app.py");
+    let contents = std::fs::read_to_string(&final_path)
+        .unwrap_or_else(|e| panic!("failed reading {}: {e}", final_path.display()));
+    assert_eq!(
+        contents,
+        r#"class BaseClass:
+  def method():
+    return True
+"#
+    );
+    Ok(())
+}

codex-rs/exec/tests/suite/common.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+// this file is only used for e2e tests which are currently disabled on windows
+#![cfg(not(target_os = "windows"))]
+#![allow(clippy::expect_used)]
+
+use anyhow::Context;
+use assert_cmd::prelude::*;
+use core_test_support::load_sse_fixture_with_id_from_str;
+use std::path::Path;
+use std::process::Command;
+use std::sync::atomic::AtomicUsize;
+use std::sync::atomic::Ordering;
+use wiremock::Mock;
+use wiremock::MockServer;
+use wiremock::matchers::method;
+use wiremock::matchers::path;
+
+use wiremock::Respond;
+
+struct SeqResponder {
+    num_calls: AtomicUsize,
+    responses: Vec<String>,
+}
+
+impl Respond for SeqResponder {
+    fn respond(&self, _: &wiremock::Request) -> wiremock::ResponseTemplate {
+        let call_num = self.num_calls.fetch_add(1, Ordering::SeqCst);
+        match self.responses.get(call_num) {
+            Some(body) => wiremock::ResponseTemplate::new(200)
+                .insert_header("content-type", "text/event-stream")
+                .set_body_raw(
+                    load_sse_fixture_with_id_from_str(body, &format!("request_{}", call_num)),
+                    "text/event-stream",
+                ),
+            None => panic!("no response for {call_num}"),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Helper function to run an E2E test of a codex-exec call. Starts a wiremock
+/// server, and returns the response_streams in order for each api call. Runs
+/// the codex-exec command with the wiremock server as the model server.
+pub(crate) async fn run_e2e_exec_test(cwd: &Path, response_streams: Vec<String>) {
+    let server = MockServer::start().await;
+
+    let num_calls = response_streams.len();
+    let seq_responder = SeqResponder {
+        num_calls: AtomicUsize::new(0),
+        responses: response_streams,
+    };
+
+    Mock::given(method("POST"))
+        .and(path("/v1/responses"))
+        .respond_with(seq_responder)
+        .expect(num_calls as u64)
+        .mount(&server)
+        .await;
+
+    let cwd = cwd.to_path_buf();
+    let uri = server.uri();
+    Command::cargo_bin("codex-exec")
+        .context("should find binary for codex-exec")
+        .expect("should find binary for codex-exec")
+        .current_dir(cwd.clone())
+        .env("CODEX_HOME", cwd.clone())
+        .env("OPENAI_API_KEY", "dummy")
+        .env("OPENAI_BASE_URL", format!("{}/v1", uri))
+        .arg("--skip-git-repo-check")
+        .arg("-s")
+        .arg("danger-full-access")
+        .arg("foo")
+        .assert()
+        .success();
+}

codex-rs/exec/tests/suite/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+// Aggregates all former standalone integration tests as modules.
+mod apply_patch;
+mod common;
+mod sandbox;

codex-rs/execpolicy/tests/all.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+// Single integration test binary that aggregates all test modules.
+// The submodules live in `tests/suite/`.
+mod suite;

codex-rs/execpolicy/tests/suite/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+// Aggregates all former standalone integration tests as modules.
+mod bad;
+mod cp;
+mod good;
+mod head;
+mod literal;
+mod ls;
+mod parse_sed_command;
+mod pwd;
+mod sed;

codex-rs/linux-sandbox/tests/all.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+// Single integration test binary that aggregates all test modules.
+// The submodules live in `tests/suite/`.
+mod suite;

codex-rs/linux-sandbox/tests/suite/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+// Aggregates all former standalone integration tests as modules.
+mod landlock;

codex-rs/login/tests/all.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+// Single integration test binary that aggregates all test modules.
+// The submodules live in `tests/suite/`.
+mod suite;

codex-rs/login/tests/suite/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+// Aggregates all former standalone integration tests as modules.
+mod login_server_e2e;

codex-rs/mcp-server/tests/all.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+// Single integration test binary that aggregates all test modules.
+// The submodules live in `tests/suite/`.
+mod suite;

codex-rs/mcp-server/tests/suite/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+// Aggregates all former standalone integration tests as modules.
+mod auth;
+mod codex_message_processor_flow;
+mod codex_tool;
+mod create_conversation;
+mod interrupt;
+mod login;
+mod send_message;

codex-rs/mcp-types/tests/all.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+// Single integration test binary that aggregates all test modules.
+// The submodules live in `tests/suite/`.
+mod suite;

codex-rs/mcp-types/tests/suite/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+// Aggregates all former standalone integration tests as modules.
+mod initialize;
+mod progress_notification;

codex-rs/protocol-ts/src/lib.rs

@@ -48,6 +48,8 @@ pub fn generate_ts(out_dir: &Path, prettier: Option<&Path>) -> Result<()> {
     codex_protocol::mcp_protocol::ExecCommandApprovalResponse::export_all_to(out_dir)?;
     codex_protocol::mcp_protocol::ServerNotification::export_all_to(out_dir)?;
 
+    generate_index_ts(out_dir)?;
+
     // Prepend header to each generated .ts file
     let ts_files = ts_files_in(out_dir)?;
     for file in &ts_files {
@@ -109,5 +111,39 @@ fn ts_files_in(dir: &Path) -> Result<Vec<PathBuf>> {
             files.push(path);
         }
     }
+    files.sort();
     Ok(files)
 }
+
+/// Generate an index.ts file that re-exports all generated types.
+/// This allows consumers to import all types from a single file.
+fn generate_index_ts(out_dir: &Path) -> Result<PathBuf> {
+    let mut entries: Vec<String> = Vec::new();
+    let mut stems: Vec<String> = ts_files_in(out_dir)?
+        .into_iter()
+        .filter_map(|p| {
+            let stem = p.file_stem()?.to_string_lossy().into_owned();
+            if stem == "index" { None } else { Some(stem) }
+        })
+        .collect();
+    stems.sort();
+    stems.dedup();
+
+    for name in stems {
+        entries.push(format!("export type {{ {name} }} from \"./{name}\";\n"));
+    }
+
+    let mut content =
+        String::with_capacity(HEADER.len() + entries.iter().map(|s| s.len()).sum::<usize>());
+    content.push_str(HEADER);
+    for line in &entries {
+        content.push_str(line);
+    }
+
+    let index_path = out_dir.join("index.ts");
+    let mut f = fs::File::create(&index_path)
+        .with_context(|| format!("Failed to create {}", index_path.display()))?;
+    f.write_all(content.as_bytes())
+        .with_context(|| format!("Failed to write {}", index_path.display()))?;
+    Ok(index_path)
+}

codex-rs/tui/src/bottom_pane/bottom_pane_view.rs

@@ -28,16 +28,6 @@ pub(crate) trait BottomPaneView {
     /// Render the view: this will be displayed in place of the composer.
     fn render(&self, area: Rect, buf: &mut Buffer);
 
-    /// Update the status indicator animated header. Default no-op.
-    fn update_status_header(&mut self, _header: String) {
-        // no-op
-    }
-
-    /// Called when task completes to check if the view should be hidden.
-    fn should_hide_when_task_is_done(&mut self) -> bool {
-        false
-    }
-
     /// Try to handle approval request; return the original value if not
     /// consumed.
     fn try_consume_approval_request(
@@ -46,8 +36,4 @@ pub(crate) trait BottomPaneView {
     ) -> Option<ApprovalRequest> {
         Some(request)
     }
-
-    /// Optional hook for views that expose a live status line. Views that do not
-    /// support this can ignore the call.
-    fn update_status_text(&mut self, _text: String) {}
 }

codex-rs/tui/src/bottom_pane/chat_composer.rs

@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ impl ChatComposer {
             ActivePopup::None => 1,
         };
         let [textarea_rect, _] =
-            Layout::vertical([Constraint::Min(0), Constraint::Max(popup_height)]).areas(area);
+            Layout::vertical([Constraint::Min(1), Constraint::Max(popup_height)]).areas(area);
         let mut textarea_rect = textarea_rect;
         textarea_rect.width = textarea_rect.width.saturating_sub(1);
         textarea_rect.x += 1;
@@ -232,6 +232,20 @@ impl ChatComposer {
         true
     }
 
+    /// Replace the entire composer content with `text` and reset cursor.
+    pub(crate) fn set_text_content(&mut self, text: String) {
+        self.textarea.set_text(&text);
+        self.textarea.set_cursor(0);
+        self.sync_command_popup();
+        self.sync_file_search_popup();
+    }
+
+    /// Get the current composer text.
+    #[cfg(test)]
+    pub(crate) fn current_text(&self) -> String {
+        self.textarea.text().to_string()
+    }
+
     pub fn attach_image(&mut self, path: PathBuf, width: u32, height: u32, format_label: &str) {
         let placeholder = format!("[image {width}x{height} {format_label}]");
         // Insert as an element to match large paste placeholder behavior:
@@ -1099,7 +1113,7 @@ impl ChatComposer {
     }
 }
 
-impl WidgetRef for &ChatComposer {
+impl WidgetRef for ChatComposer {
     fn render_ref(&self, area: Rect, buf: &mut Buffer) {
         let popup_height = match &self.active_popup {
             ActivePopup::Command(popup) => popup.calculate_required_height(),
@@ -1107,7 +1121,7 @@ impl WidgetRef for &ChatComposer {
             ActivePopup::None => 1,
         };
         let [textarea_rect, popup_rect] =
-            Layout::vertical([Constraint::Min(0), Constraint::Max(popup_height)]).areas(area);
+            Layout::vertical([Constraint::Min(1), Constraint::Max(popup_height)]).areas(area);
         match &self.active_popup {
             ActivePopup::Command(popup) => {
                 popup.render_ref(popup_rect, buf);
@@ -1496,7 +1510,7 @@ mod tests {
             }
 
             terminal
-                .draw(|f| f.render_widget_ref(&composer, f.area()))
+                .draw(|f| f.render_widget_ref(composer, f.area()))
                 .unwrap_or_else(|e| panic!("Failed to draw {name} composer: {e}"));
 
             assert_snapshot!(name, terminal.backend());

codex-rs/tui/src/bottom_pane/mod.rs

@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@ mod list_selection_view;
 mod popup_consts;
 mod scroll_state;
 mod selection_popup_common;
-mod status_indicator_view;
 mod textarea;
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
@@ -36,10 +35,10 @@ pub(crate) enum CancellationEvent {
 pub(crate) use chat_composer::ChatComposer;
 pub(crate) use chat_composer::InputResult;
 
+use crate::status_indicator_widget::StatusIndicatorWidget;
 use approval_modal_view::ApprovalModalView;
 pub(crate) use list_selection_view::SelectionAction;
 pub(crate) use list_selection_view::SelectionItem;
-use status_indicator_view::StatusIndicatorView;
 
 /// Pane displayed in the lower half of the chat UI.
 pub(crate) struct BottomPane {
@@ -47,7 +46,7 @@ pub(crate) struct BottomPane {
     /// input state is retained when the view is closed.
     composer: ChatComposer,
 
-    /// If present, this is displayed instead of the `composer`.
+    /// If present, this is displayed instead of the `composer` (e.g. modals).
     active_view: Option<Box<dyn BottomPaneView>>,
 
     app_event_tx: AppEventSender,
@@ -58,9 +57,10 @@ pub(crate) struct BottomPane {
     ctrl_c_quit_hint: bool,
     esc_backtrack_hint: bool,
 
-    /// True if the active view is the StatusIndicatorView that replaces the
-    /// composer during a running task.
-    status_view_active: bool,
+    /// Inline status indicator shown above the composer while a task is running.
+    status: Option<StatusIndicatorWidget>,
+    /// Queued user messages to show under the status indicator.
+    queued_user_messages: Vec<String>,
 }
 
 pub(crate) struct BottomPaneParams {
@@ -88,42 +88,60 @@ impl BottomPane {
             has_input_focus: params.has_input_focus,
             is_task_running: false,
             ctrl_c_quit_hint: false,
+            status: None,
+            queued_user_messages: Vec::new(),
             esc_backtrack_hint: false,
-            status_view_active: false,
         }
     }
 
     pub fn desired_height(&self, width: u16) -> u16 {
-        let view_height = if let Some(view) = self.active_view.as_ref() {
+        let top_margin = if self.active_view.is_some() { 0 } else { 1 };
+
+        // Base height depends on whether a modal/overlay is active.
+        let mut base = if let Some(view) = self.active_view.as_ref() {
             view.desired_height(width)
         } else {
             self.composer.desired_height(width)
         };
-        let top_pad = if self.active_view.is_none() || self.status_view_active {
-            1
-        } else {
-            0
-        };
-        view_height
-            .saturating_add(Self::BOTTOM_PAD_LINES)
-            .saturating_add(top_pad)
+        // If a status indicator is active and no modal is covering the composer,
+        // include its height above the composer.
+        if self.active_view.is_none()
+            && let Some(status) = self.status.as_ref()
+        {
+            base = base.saturating_add(status.desired_height(width));
+        }
+        // Account for bottom padding rows. Top spacing is handled in layout().
+        base.saturating_add(Self::BOTTOM_PAD_LINES)
+            .saturating_add(top_margin)
     }
 
-    fn layout(&self, area: Rect) -> Rect {
-        let top = if self.active_view.is_none() || self.status_view_active {
-            1
+    fn layout(&self, area: Rect) -> [Rect; 2] {
+        // Prefer showing the status header when space is extremely tight.
+        // Drop the top spacer if there is only one row available.
+        let mut top_margin = if self.active_view.is_some() { 0 } else { 1 };
+        if area.height <= 1 {
+            top_margin = 0;
+        }
+
+        let status_height = if self.active_view.is_none() {
+            if let Some(status) = self.status.as_ref() {
+                status.desired_height(area.width)
+            } else {
+                0
+            }
         } else {
             0
         };
 
-        let [_, content, _] = Layout::vertical([
-            Constraint::Max(top),
+        let [_, status, content, _] = Layout::vertical([
+            Constraint::Max(top_margin),
+            Constraint::Max(status_height),
             Constraint::Min(1),
             Constraint::Max(BottomPane::BOTTOM_PAD_LINES),
         ])
         .areas(area);
 
-        content
+        [status, content]
     }
 
     pub fn cursor_pos(&self, area: Rect) -> Option<(u16, u16)> {
@@ -131,10 +149,10 @@ impl BottomPane {
         // status indicator shown while a task is running, or approval modal).
         // In these states the textarea is not interactable, so we should not
         // show its caret.
-        if self.active_view.is_some() || self.status_view_active {
+        if self.active_view.is_some() {
             None
         } else {
-            let content = self.layout(area);
+            let [_, content] = self.layout(area);
             self.composer.cursor_pos(content)
         }
     }
@@ -145,18 +163,21 @@ impl BottomPane {
             view.handle_key_event(self, key_event);
             if !view.is_complete() {
                 self.active_view = Some(view);
-            } else if self.is_task_running {
-                let mut v = StatusIndicatorView::new(
-                    self.app_event_tx.clone(),
-                    self.frame_requester.clone(),
-                );
-                v.update_text("waiting for model".to_string());
-                self.active_view = Some(Box::new(v));
-                self.status_view_active = true;
             }
             self.request_redraw();
             InputResult::None
         } else {
+            // If a task is running and a status line is visible, allow Esc to
+            // send an interrupt even while the composer has focus.
+            if matches!(key_event.code, crossterm::event::KeyCode::Esc)
+                && self.is_task_running
+                && let Some(status) = &self.status
+            {
+                // Send Op::Interrupt
+                status.interrupt();
+                self.request_redraw();
+                return InputResult::None;
+            }
             let (input_result, needs_redraw) = self.composer.handle_key_event(key_event);
             if needs_redraw {
                 self.request_redraw();
@@ -178,15 +199,6 @@ impl BottomPane {
             CancellationEvent::Handled => {
                 if !view.is_complete() {
                     self.active_view = Some(view);
-                } else if self.is_task_running {
-                    // Modal aborted but task still running – restore status indicator.
-                    let mut v = StatusIndicatorView::new(
-                        self.app_event_tx.clone(),
-                        self.frame_requester.clone(),
-                    );
-                    v.update_text("waiting for model".to_string());
-                    self.active_view = Some(Box::new(v));
-                    self.status_view_active = true;
                 }
                 self.show_ctrl_c_quit_hint();
             }
@@ -211,13 +223,24 @@ impl BottomPane {
         self.request_redraw();
     }
 
+    /// Replace the composer text with `text`.
+    pub(crate) fn set_composer_text(&mut self, text: String) {
+        self.composer.set_text_content(text);
+        self.request_redraw();
+    }
+
+    /// Get the current composer text (for tests and programmatic checks).
+    #[cfg(test)]
+    pub(crate) fn composer_text(&self) -> String {
+        self.composer.current_text()
+    }
+
     /// Update the animated header shown to the left of the brackets in the
-    /// status indicator (defaults to "Working"). This will update the active
-    /// StatusIndicatorView if present; otherwise, if a live overlay is active,
-    /// it will update that. If neither is present, this call is a no-op.
+    /// status indicator (defaults to "Working"). No-ops if the status
+    /// indicator is not active.
     pub(crate) fn update_status_header(&mut self, header: String) {
-        if let Some(view) = self.active_view.as_mut() {
-            view.update_status_header(header.clone());
+        if let Some(status) = self.status.as_mut() {
+            status.update_header(header);
             self.request_redraw();
         }
     }
@@ -262,23 +285,19 @@ impl BottomPane {
         self.is_task_running = running;
 
         if running {
-            if self.active_view.is_none() {
-                self.active_view = Some(Box::new(StatusIndicatorView::new(
+            if self.status.is_none() {
+                self.status = Some(StatusIndicatorWidget::new(
                     self.app_event_tx.clone(),
                     self.frame_requester.clone(),
-                )));
-                self.status_view_active = true;
+                ));
+            }
+            if let Some(status) = self.status.as_mut() {
+                status.set_queued_messages(self.queued_user_messages.clone());
             }
             self.request_redraw();
         } else {
-            // Drop the status view when a task completes, but keep other
-            // modal views (e.g. approval dialogs).
-            if let Some(mut view) = self.active_view.take() {
-                if !view.should_hide_when_task_is_done() {
-                    self.active_view = Some(view);
-                }
-                self.status_view_active = false;
-            }
+            // Hide the status indicator when a task completes, but keep other modal views.
+            self.status = None;
         }
     }
 
@@ -298,21 +317,16 @@ impl BottomPane {
             self.app_event_tx.clone(),
         );
         self.active_view = Some(Box::new(view));
-        self.status_view_active = false;
         self.request_redraw();
     }
 
-    /// Update the live status text shown while a task is running.
-    /// If a modal view is active (i.e., not the status indicator), this is a no‑op.
-    pub(crate) fn update_status_text(&mut self, text: String) {
-        if !self.is_task_running || !self.status_view_active {
-            return;
-        }
-        if let Some(mut view) = self.active_view.take() {
-            view.update_status_text(text);
-            self.active_view = Some(view);
-            self.request_redraw();
+    /// Update the queued messages shown under the status header.
+    pub(crate) fn set_queued_user_messages(&mut self, queued: Vec<String>) {
+        self.queued_user_messages = queued.clone();
+        if let Some(status) = self.status.as_mut() {
+            status.set_queued_messages(queued);
         }
+        self.request_redraw();
     }
 
     pub(crate) fn composer_is_empty(&self) -> bool {
@@ -353,7 +367,6 @@ impl BottomPane {
         // Otherwise create a new approval modal overlay.
         let modal = ApprovalModalView::new(request, self.app_event_tx.clone());
         self.active_view = Some(Box::new(modal));
-        self.status_view_active = false;
         self.request_redraw()
     }
 
@@ -409,12 +422,20 @@ impl BottomPane {
 
 impl WidgetRef for &BottomPane {
     fn render_ref(&self, area: Rect, buf: &mut Buffer) {
-        let content = self.layout(area);
+        let [status_area, content] = self.layout(area);
 
+        // When a modal view is active, it owns the whole content area.
         if let Some(view) = &self.active_view {
             view.render(content, buf);
         } else {
-            (&self.composer).render_ref(content, buf);
+            // No active modal:
+            // If a status indicator is active, render it above the composer.
+            if let Some(status) = &self.status {
+                status.render_ref(status_area, buf);
+            }
+
+            // Render the composer in the remaining area.
+            self.composer.render_ref(content, buf);
         }
     }
 }
@@ -485,7 +506,7 @@ mod tests {
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn composer_not_shown_after_denied_if_task_running() {
+    fn composer_shown_after_denied_while_task_running() {
         let (tx_raw, rx) = unbounded_channel::<AppEvent>();
         let tx = AppEventSender::new(tx_raw);
         let mut pane = BottomPane::new(BottomPaneParams {
@@ -496,7 +517,7 @@ mod tests {
             placeholder_text: "Ask Codex to do anything".to_string(),
         });
 
-        // Start a running task so the status indicator replaces the composer.
+        // Start a running task so the status indicator is active above the composer.
         pane.set_task_running(true);
 
         // Push an approval modal (e.g., command approval) which should hide the status view.
@@ -508,16 +529,17 @@ mod tests {
         use crossterm::event::KeyModifiers;
         pane.handle_key_event(KeyEvent::new(KeyCode::Char('n'), KeyModifiers::NONE));
 
-        // After denial, since the task is still running, the status indicator
-        // should be restored as the active view; the composer should NOT be visible.
+        // After denial, since the task is still running, the status indicator should be
+        // visible above the composer. The modal should be gone.
         assert!(
-            pane.status_view_active,
-            "status view should be active after denial"
+            pane.active_view.is_none(),
+            "no active modal view after denial"
         );
-        assert!(pane.active_view.is_some(), "active view should be present");
 
-        // Render and ensure the top row includes the Working header instead of the composer.
-        let area = Rect::new(0, 0, 40, 3);
+        // Render and ensure the top row includes the Working header and a composer line below.
+        // Give the animation thread a moment to tick.
+        std::thread::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_millis(120));
+        let area = Rect::new(0, 0, 40, 6);
         let mut buf = Buffer::empty(area);
         (&pane).render_ref(area, &mut buf);
         let mut row1 = String::new();
@@ -529,6 +551,23 @@ mod tests {
             "expected Working header after denial on row 1: {row1:?}"
         );
 
+        // Composer placeholder should be visible somewhere below.
+        let mut found_composer = false;
+        for y in 1..area.height.saturating_sub(2) {
+            let mut row = String::new();
+            for x in 0..area.width {
+                row.push(buf[(x, y)].symbol().chars().next().unwrap_or(' '));
+            }
+            if row.contains("Ask Codex") {
+                found_composer = true;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        assert!(
+            found_composer,
+            "expected composer visible under status line"
+        );
+
         // Drain the channel to avoid unused warnings.
         drop(rx);
     }
@@ -548,7 +587,8 @@ mod tests {
         // Begin a task: show initial status.
         pane.set_task_running(true);
 
-        let area = Rect::new(0, 0, 40, 3);
+        // Use a height that allows the status line to be visible above the composer.
+        let area = Rect::new(0, 0, 40, 6);
         let mut buf = Buffer::empty(area);
         (&pane).render_ref(area, &mut buf);
 
@@ -563,7 +603,7 @@ mod tests {
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn bottom_padding_present_for_status_view() {
+    fn bottom_padding_present_with_status_above_composer() {
         let (tx_raw, _rx) = unbounded_channel::<AppEvent>();
         let tx = AppEventSender::new(tx_raw);
         let mut pane = BottomPane::new(BottomPaneParams {
@@ -592,19 +632,29 @@ mod tests {
         for x in 0..area.width {
             top.push(buf[(x, 1)].symbol().chars().next().unwrap_or(' '));
         }
-        assert_eq!(buf[(0, 1)].symbol().chars().next().unwrap_or(' '), '▌');
+        assert!(
+            top.trim_start().starts_with("Working"),
+            "expected top row to start with 'Working': {top:?}"
+        );
         assert!(
             top.contains("Working"),
             "expected Working header on top row: {top:?}"
         );
 
-        // Bottom two rows are blank padding
+        // Next row (spacer) is blank, and bottom two rows are blank padding
+        let mut spacer = String::new();
         let mut r_last = String::new();
         let mut r_last2 = String::new();
         for x in 0..area.width {
+            // Spacer row immediately below the status header lives at y=2.
+            spacer.push(buf[(x, 2)].symbol().chars().next().unwrap_or(' '));
             r_last.push(buf[(x, height - 1)].symbol().chars().next().unwrap_or(' '));
             r_last2.push(buf[(x, height - 2)].symbol().chars().next().unwrap_or(' '));
         }
+        assert!(
+            spacer.trim().is_empty(),
+            "expected spacer line blank: {spacer:?}"
+        );
         assert!(
             r_last.trim().is_empty(),
             "expected last row blank: {r_last:?}"
@@ -629,7 +679,7 @@ mod tests {
 
         pane.set_task_running(true);
 
-        // Height=2 → with spacer, spinner on row 1; no bottom padding.
+        // Height=2 → composer visible; status is hidden to preserve composer. Spacer may collapse.
         let area2 = Rect::new(0, 0, 20, 2);
         let mut buf2 = Buffer::empty(area2);
         (&pane).render_ref(area2, &mut buf2);
@@ -639,13 +689,17 @@ mod tests {
             row0.push(buf2[(x, 0)].symbol().chars().next().unwrap_or(' '));
             row1.push(buf2[(x, 1)].symbol().chars().next().unwrap_or(' '));
         }
-        assert!(row0.trim().is_empty(), "expected spacer on row 0: {row0:?}");
+        let has_composer = row0.contains("Ask Codex") || row1.contains("Ask Codex");
         assert!(
-            row1.contains("Working"),
-            "expected Working on row 1: {row1:?}"
+            has_composer,
+            "expected composer to be visible on one of the rows: row0={row0:?}, row1={row1:?}"
+        );
+        assert!(
+            !row0.contains("Working") && !row1.contains("Working"),
+            "status header should be hidden when height=2"
         );
 
-        // Height=1 → no padding; single row is the spinner.
+        // Height=1 → no padding; single row is the composer (status hidden).
         let area1 = Rect::new(0, 0, 20, 1);
         let mut buf1 = Buffer::empty(area1);
         (&pane).render_ref(area1, &mut buf1);
@@ -654,8 +708,8 @@ mod tests {
             only.push(buf1[(x, 0)].symbol().chars().next().unwrap_or(' '));
         }
         assert!(
-            only.contains("Working"),
-            "expected Working header with no padding: {only:?}"
+            only.contains("Ask Codex"),
+            "expected composer with no padding: {only:?}"
         );
     }
 }

codex-rs/tui/src/bottom_pane/status_indicator_view.rs

@@ -1,59 +0,0 @@
-use crossterm::event::KeyCode;
-use crossterm::event::KeyEvent;
-use ratatui::buffer::Buffer;
-use ratatui::widgets::WidgetRef;
-
-use crate::app_event_sender::AppEventSender;
-use crate::bottom_pane::BottomPane;
-use crate::status_indicator_widget::StatusIndicatorWidget;
-use crate::tui::FrameRequester;
-
-use super::BottomPaneView;
-
-pub(crate) struct StatusIndicatorView {
-    view: StatusIndicatorWidget,
-}
-
-impl StatusIndicatorView {
-    pub fn new(app_event_tx: AppEventSender, frame_requester: FrameRequester) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            view: StatusIndicatorWidget::new(app_event_tx, frame_requester),
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn update_text(&mut self, text: String) {
-        self.view.update_text(text);
-    }
-
-    pub fn update_header(&mut self, header: String) {
-        self.view.update_header(header);
-    }
-}
-
-impl BottomPaneView for StatusIndicatorView {
-    fn update_status_header(&mut self, header: String) {
-        self.update_header(header);
-    }
-
-    fn should_hide_when_task_is_done(&mut self) -> bool {
-        true
-    }
-
-    fn desired_height(&self, width: u16) -> u16 {
-        self.view.desired_height(width)
-    }
-
-    fn render(&self, area: ratatui::layout::Rect, buf: &mut Buffer) {
-        self.view.render_ref(area, buf);
-    }
-
-    fn handle_key_event(&mut self, _pane: &mut BottomPane, key_event: KeyEvent) {
-        if key_event.code == KeyCode::Esc {
-            self.view.interrupt();
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn update_status_text(&mut self, text: String) {
-        self.update_text(text);
-    }
-}

codex-rs/tui/src/chatwidget.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::collections::VecDeque;
 use std::path::PathBuf;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
@@ -30,8 +31,10 @@ use codex_core::protocol::TurnAbortReason;
 use codex_core::protocol::TurnDiffEvent;
 use codex_core::protocol::WebSearchBeginEvent;
 use codex_protocol::parse_command::ParsedCommand;
+use crossterm::event::KeyCode;
 use crossterm::event::KeyEvent;
 use crossterm::event::KeyEventKind;
+use crossterm::event::KeyModifiers;
 use rand::Rng;
 use ratatui::buffer::Buffer;
 use ratatui::layout::Constraint;
@@ -100,8 +103,6 @@ pub(crate) struct ChatWidget {
     task_complete_pending: bool,
     // Queue of interruptive UI events deferred during an active write cycle
     interrupts: InterruptManager,
-    // Whether a redraw is needed after handling the current event
-    needs_redraw: bool,
     // Accumulates the current reasoning block text to extract a header
     reasoning_buffer: String,
     // Accumulates full reasoning content for transcript-only recording
@@ -111,6 +112,8 @@ pub(crate) struct ChatWidget {
     // Whether to include the initial welcome banner on session configured
     show_welcome_banner: bool,
     last_history_was_exec: bool,
+    // User messages queued while a turn is in progress
+    queued_user_messages: VecDeque<UserMessage>,
 }
 
 struct UserMessage {
@@ -136,10 +139,6 @@ fn create_initial_user_message(text: String, image_paths: Vec<PathBuf>) -> Optio
 }
 
 impl ChatWidget {
-    #[inline]
-    fn mark_needs_redraw(&mut self) {
-        self.needs_redraw = true;
-    }
     fn flush_answer_stream_with_separator(&mut self) {
         let sink = AppEventHistorySink(self.app_event_tx.clone());
         let _ = self.stream.finalize(true, &sink);
@@ -157,14 +156,14 @@ impl ChatWidget {
         if let Some(user_message) = self.initial_user_message.take() {
             self.submit_user_message(user_message);
         }
-        self.mark_needs_redraw();
+        self.request_redraw();
     }
 
     fn on_agent_message(&mut self, message: String) {
         let sink = AppEventHistorySink(self.app_event_tx.clone());
         let finished = self.stream.apply_final_answer(&message, &sink);
         self.handle_if_stream_finished(finished);
-        self.mark_needs_redraw();
+        self.request_redraw();
     }
 
     fn on_agent_message_delta(&mut self, delta: String) {
@@ -183,7 +182,7 @@ impl ChatWidget {
         } else {
             // Fallback while we don't yet have a bold header: leave existing header as-is.
         }
-        self.mark_needs_redraw();
+        self.request_redraw();
     }
 
     fn on_agent_reasoning_final(&mut self) {
@@ -197,7 +196,7 @@ impl ChatWidget {
         }
         self.reasoning_buffer.clear();
         self.full_reasoning_buffer.clear();
-        self.mark_needs_redraw();
+        self.request_redraw();
     }
 
     fn on_reasoning_section_break(&mut self) {
@@ -215,7 +214,7 @@ impl ChatWidget {
         self.stream.reset_headers_for_new_turn();
         self.full_reasoning_buffer.clear();
         self.reasoning_buffer.clear();
-        self.mark_needs_redraw();
+        self.request_redraw();
     }
 
     fn on_task_complete(&mut self) {
@@ -228,7 +227,10 @@ impl ChatWidget {
         // Mark task stopped and request redraw now that all content is in history.
         self.bottom_pane.set_task_running(false);
         self.running_commands.clear();
-        self.mark_needs_redraw();
+        self.request_redraw();
+
+        // If there is a queued user message, send exactly one now to begin the next turn.
+        self.maybe_send_next_queued_input();
     }
 
     fn on_token_count(&mut self, token_usage: TokenUsage) {
@@ -246,7 +248,10 @@ impl ChatWidget {
         self.bottom_pane.set_task_running(false);
         self.running_commands.clear();
         self.stream.clear_all();
-        self.mark_needs_redraw();
+        self.request_redraw();
+
+        // After an error ends the turn, try sending the next queued input.
+        self.maybe_send_next_queued_input();
     }
 
     fn on_plan_update(&mut self, update: codex_core::plan_tool::UpdatePlanArgs) {
@@ -349,7 +354,7 @@ impl ChatWidget {
     fn on_stream_error(&mut self, message: String) {
         // Show stream errors in the transcript so users see retry/backoff info.
         self.add_to_history(history_cell::new_stream_error_event(message));
-        self.mark_needs_redraw();
+        self.request_redraw();
     }
     /// Periodic tick to commit at most one queued line to history with a small delay,
     /// animating the output.
@@ -403,7 +408,7 @@ impl ChatWidget {
         let sink = AppEventHistorySink(self.app_event_tx.clone());
         self.stream.begin(&sink);
         self.stream.push_and_maybe_commit(&delta, &sink);
-        self.mark_needs_redraw();
+        self.request_redraw();
     }
 
     pub(crate) fn handle_exec_end_now(&mut self, ev: ExecCommandEndEvent) {
@@ -461,7 +466,7 @@ impl ChatWidget {
             reason: ev.reason,
         };
         self.bottom_pane.push_approval_request(request);
-        self.mark_needs_redraw();
+        self.request_redraw();
     }
 
     pub(crate) fn handle_apply_patch_approval_now(
@@ -481,7 +486,7 @@ impl ChatWidget {
             grant_root: ev.grant_root,
         };
         self.bottom_pane.push_approval_request(request);
-        self.mark_needs_redraw();
+        self.request_redraw();
     }
 
     pub(crate) fn handle_exec_begin_now(&mut self, ev: ExecCommandBeginEvent) {
@@ -509,7 +514,7 @@ impl ChatWidget {
         }
 
         // Request a redraw so the working header and command list are visible immediately.
-        self.mark_needs_redraw();
+        self.request_redraw();
     }
 
     pub(crate) fn handle_mcp_begin_now(&mut self, ev: McpToolCallBeginEvent) {
@@ -589,11 +594,11 @@ impl ChatWidget {
             pending_exec_completions: Vec::new(),
             task_complete_pending: false,
             interrupts: InterruptManager::new(),
-            needs_redraw: false,
             reasoning_buffer: String::new(),
             full_reasoning_buffer: String::new(),
             session_id: None,
             last_history_was_exec: false,
+            queued_user_messages: VecDeque::new(),
             show_welcome_banner: true,
         }
     }
@@ -634,11 +639,11 @@ impl ChatWidget {
             pending_exec_completions: Vec::new(),
             task_complete_pending: false,
             interrupts: InterruptManager::new(),
-            needs_redraw: false,
             reasoning_buffer: String::new(),
             full_reasoning_buffer: String::new(),
             session_id: None,
             last_history_was_exec: false,
+            queued_user_messages: VecDeque::new(),
             show_welcome_banner: false,
         }
     }
@@ -656,13 +661,39 @@ impl ChatWidget {
             self.bottom_pane.clear_ctrl_c_quit_hint();
         }
 
+        // Alt+Up: Edit the most recent queued user message (if any).
+        if matches!(
+            key_event,
+            KeyEvent {
+                code: KeyCode::Up,
+                modifiers: KeyModifiers::ALT,
+                kind: KeyEventKind::Press,
+                ..
+            }
+        ) && !self.queued_user_messages.is_empty()
+        {
+            // Prefer the most recently queued item.
+            if let Some(user_message) = self.queued_user_messages.pop_back() {
+                self.bottom_pane.set_composer_text(user_message.text);
+                self.refresh_queued_user_messages();
+                self.request_redraw();
+            }
+            return;
+        }
+
         match self.bottom_pane.handle_key_event(key_event) {
             InputResult::Submitted(text) => {
-                let images = self.bottom_pane.take_recent_submission_images();
-                self.submit_user_message(UserMessage {
+                // If a task is running, queue the user input to be sent after the turn completes.
+                let user_message = UserMessage {
                     text,
-                    image_paths: images,
-                });
+                    image_paths: self.bottom_pane.take_recent_submission_images(),
+                };
+                if self.bottom_pane.is_task_running() {
+                    self.queued_user_messages.push_back(user_message);
+                    self.refresh_queued_user_messages();
+                } else {
+                    self.submit_user_message(user_message);
+                }
             }
             InputResult::Command(cmd) => {
                 self.dispatch_command(cmd);
@@ -848,8 +879,6 @@ impl ChatWidget {
     }
 
     pub(crate) fn handle_codex_event(&mut self, event: Event) {
-        // Reset redraw flag for this dispatch
-        self.needs_redraw = false;
         let Event { id, msg } = event;
 
         match msg {
@@ -913,27 +942,40 @@ impl ChatWidget {
                     .send(crate::app_event::AppEvent::ConversationHistory(ev));
             }
         }
-        // Coalesce redraws: issue at most one after handling the event
-        if self.needs_redraw {
-            self.request_redraw();
-            self.needs_redraw = false;
-        }
     }
 
     fn request_redraw(&mut self) {
         self.frame_requester.schedule_frame();
     }
 
+    // If idle and there are queued inputs, submit exactly one to start the next turn.
+    fn maybe_send_next_queued_input(&mut self) {
+        if self.bottom_pane.is_task_running() {
+            return;
+        }
+        if let Some(user_message) = self.queued_user_messages.pop_front() {
+            self.submit_user_message(user_message);
+        }
+        // Update the list to reflect the remaining queued messages (if any).
+        self.refresh_queued_user_messages();
+    }
+
+    /// Rebuild and update the queued user messages from the current queue.
+    fn refresh_queued_user_messages(&mut self) {
+        let messages: Vec<String> = self
+            .queued_user_messages
+            .iter()
+            .map(|m| m.text.clone())
+            .collect();
+        self.bottom_pane.set_queued_user_messages(messages);
+    }
+
     pub(crate) fn add_diff_in_progress(&mut self) {
-        self.bottom_pane.set_task_running(true);
-        self.bottom_pane
-            .update_status_text("computing diff".to_string());
         self.request_redraw();
     }
 
     pub(crate) fn on_diff_complete(&mut self) {
-        self.bottom_pane.set_task_running(false);
-        self.mark_needs_redraw();
+        self.request_redraw();
     }
 
     pub(crate) fn add_status_output(&mut self) {

codex-rs/tui/src/chatwidget/snapshots/codex_tui__chatwidget__tests__approval_modal_exec.snap

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+---
+source: tui/src/chatwidget/tests.rs
+expression: terminal.backend()
+---
+"? Codex wants to run echo hello world                                           "
+"                                                                                "
+"Model wants to run a command                                                    "
+"                                                                                "
+"▌Allow command?                                                                 "
+"▌ Yes   Always   No   No, provide feedback                                      "
+"▌ Approve and run the command                                                   "
+"                                                                                "
+"                                                                                "

codex-rs/tui/src/chatwidget/snapshots/codex_tui__chatwidget__tests__approval_modal_patch.snap

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+---
+source: tui/src/chatwidget/tests.rs
+assertion_line: 690
+expression: terminal.backend()
+---
+"The model wants to apply changes                                                "
+"                                                                                "
+"This will grant write access to /tmp for the remainder of this session.         "
+"                                                                                "
+"▌Apply changes?                                                                 "
+"▌ Yes   No   No, provide feedback                                               "
+"▌ Approve and apply the changes                                                 "
+"                                                                                "
+"                                                                                "

codex-rs/tui/src/chatwidget/snapshots/codex_tui__chatwidget__tests__chat_small_idle_h1.snap

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+source: tui/src/chatwidget/tests.rs
+expression: terminal.backend()
+---
+"▌ Ask Codex to do anything              "

codex-rs/tui/src/chatwidget/snapshots/codex_tui__chatwidget__tests__chat_small_idle_h2.snap

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+---
+source: tui/src/chatwidget/tests.rs
+expression: terminal.backend()
+---
+"▌ Ask Codex to do anything              "
+"                                        "

codex-rs/tui/src/chatwidget/snapshots/codex_tui__chatwidget__tests__chat_small_idle_h3.snap

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+---
+source: tui/src/chatwidget/tests.rs
+expression: terminal.backend()
+---
+"▌ Ask Codex to do anything              "
+"                                        "
+"                                        "

codex-rs/tui/src/chatwidget/snapshots/codex_tui__chatwidget__tests__chat_small_running_h1.snap

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+source: tui/src/chatwidget/tests.rs
+expression: terminal.backend()
+---
+"▌ Ask Codex to do anything              "

codex-rs/tui/src/chatwidget/snapshots/codex_tui__chatwidget__tests__chat_small_running_h2.snap

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+---
+source: tui/src/chatwidget/tests.rs
+expression: terminal.backend()
+---
+"▌ Ask Codex to do anything              "
+"                                        "

codex-rs/tui/src/chatwidget/snapshots/codex_tui__chatwidget__tests__chat_small_running_h3.snap

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+---
+source: tui/src/chatwidget/tests.rs
+expression: terminal.backend()
+---
+"                                        "
+"▌ Ask Codex to do anything              "
+"                                        "

codex-rs/tui/src/chatwidget/snapshots/codex_tui__chatwidget__tests__status_widget_active.snap

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+---
+source: tui/src/chatwidget/tests.rs
+assertion_line: 806
+expression: terminal.backend()
+---
+"                                                                                "
+" Analyzing (0s • Esc to interrupt)                                              "
+"                                                                                "
+"▌ Ask Codex to do anything                                                      "
+" ⏎ send   Ctrl+J newline   Ctrl+T transcript   Ctrl+C quit                      "
+"                                                                                "
+"                                                                                "

codex-rs/tui/src/chatwidget/snapshots/codex_tui__chatwidget__tests__status_widget_and_approval_modal.snap

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+---
+source: tui/src/chatwidget/tests.rs
+expression: terminal.backend()
+---
+"? Codex wants to run echo 'hello world'                                         "
+"                                                                                "
+"Codex wants to run a command                                                    "
+"                                                                                "
+"▌Allow command?                                                                 "
+"▌ Yes   Always   No   No, provide feedback                                      "
+"▌ Approve and run the command                                                   "
+"                                                                                "
+"                                                                                "

codex-rs/tui/src/chatwidget/tests.rs

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ use codex_core::protocol::AgentReasoningEvent;
 use codex_core::protocol::ApplyPatchApprovalRequestEvent;
 use codex_core::protocol::Event;
 use codex_core::protocol::EventMsg;
+use codex_core::protocol::ExecApprovalRequestEvent;
 use codex_core::protocol::ExecCommandBeginEvent;
 use codex_core::protocol::ExecCommandEndEvent;
 use codex_core::protocol::FileChange;
@@ -177,13 +178,13 @@ fn make_chatwidget_manual() -> (
         pending_exec_completions: Vec::new(),
         task_complete_pending: false,
         interrupts: InterruptManager::new(),
-        needs_redraw: false,
         reasoning_buffer: String::new(),
         full_reasoning_buffer: String::new(),
         session_id: None,
         frame_requester: crate::tui::FrameRequester::test_dummy(),
         show_welcome_banner: true,
         last_history_was_exec: false,
+        queued_user_messages: std::collections::VecDeque::new(),
     };
     (widget, rx, op_rx)
 }
@@ -237,6 +238,36 @@ fn open_fixture(name: &str) -> std::fs::File {
     File::open(name).expect("open fixture file")
 }
 
+#[test]
+fn alt_up_edits_most_recent_queued_message() {
+    let (mut chat, _rx, _op_rx) = make_chatwidget_manual();
+
+    // Simulate a running task so messages would normally be queued.
+    chat.bottom_pane.set_task_running(true);
+
+    // Seed two queued messages.
+    chat.queued_user_messages
+        .push_back(UserMessage::from("first queued".to_string()));
+    chat.queued_user_messages
+        .push_back(UserMessage::from("second queued".to_string()));
+    chat.refresh_queued_user_messages();
+
+    // Press Alt+Up to edit the most recent (last) queued message.
+    chat.handle_key_event(KeyEvent::new(KeyCode::Up, KeyModifiers::ALT));
+
+    // Composer should now contain the last queued message.
+    assert_eq!(
+        chat.bottom_pane.composer_text(),
+        "second queued".to_string()
+    );
+    // And the queue should now contain only the remaining (older) item.
+    assert_eq!(chat.queued_user_messages.len(), 1);
+    assert_eq!(
+        chat.queued_user_messages.front().unwrap().text,
+        "first queued"
+    );
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn exec_history_cell_shows_working_then_completed() {
     let (mut chat, mut rx, _op_rx) = make_chatwidget_manual();
@@ -622,6 +653,189 @@ async fn binary_size_transcript_matches_ideal_fixture() {
     assert_eq!(visible_after, ideal);
 }
 
+//
+// Snapshot test: command approval modal
+//
+// Synthesizes a Codex ExecApprovalRequest event to trigger the approval modal
+// and snapshots the visual output using the ratatui TestBackend.
+#[test]
+fn approval_modal_exec_snapshot() {
+    // Build a chat widget with manual channels to avoid spawning the agent.
+    let (mut chat, _rx, _op_rx) = make_chatwidget_manual();
+    // Ensure policy allows surfacing approvals explicitly (not strictly required for direct event).
+    chat.config.approval_policy = codex_core::protocol::AskForApproval::OnRequest;
+    // Inject an exec approval request to display the approval modal.
+    let ev = ExecApprovalRequestEvent {
+        call_id: "call-approve-cmd".into(),
+        command: vec!["bash".into(), "-lc".into(), "echo hello world".into()],
+        cwd: std::env::current_dir().unwrap_or_else(|_| PathBuf::from(".")),
+        reason: Some("Model wants to run a command".into()),
+    };
+    chat.handle_codex_event(Event {
+        id: "sub-approve".into(),
+        msg: EventMsg::ExecApprovalRequest(ev),
+    });
+    // Render to a fixed-size test terminal and snapshot.
+    // Call desired_height first and use that exact height for rendering.
+    let height = chat.desired_height(80);
+    let mut terminal = ratatui::Terminal::new(ratatui::backend::TestBackend::new(80, height))
+        .expect("create terminal");
+    terminal
+        .draw(|f| f.render_widget_ref(&chat, f.area()))
+        .expect("draw approval modal");
+    assert_snapshot!("approval_modal_exec", terminal.backend());
+}
+
+// Snapshot test: patch approval modal
+#[test]
+fn approval_modal_patch_snapshot() {
+    let (mut chat, _rx, _op_rx) = make_chatwidget_manual();
+    chat.config.approval_policy = codex_core::protocol::AskForApproval::OnRequest;
+
+    // Build a small changeset and a reason/grant_root to exercise the prompt text.
+    let mut changes = std::collections::HashMap::new();
+    changes.insert(
+        PathBuf::from("README.md"),
+        FileChange::Add {
+            content: "hello\nworld\n".into(),
+        },
+    );
+    let ev = ApplyPatchApprovalRequestEvent {
+        call_id: "call-approve-patch".into(),
+        changes,
+        reason: Some("The model wants to apply changes".into()),
+        grant_root: Some(PathBuf::from("/tmp")),
+    };
+    chat.handle_codex_event(Event {
+        id: "sub-approve-patch".into(),
+        msg: EventMsg::ApplyPatchApprovalRequest(ev),
+    });
+
+    // Render at the widget's desired height and snapshot.
+    let height = chat.desired_height(80);
+    let mut terminal = ratatui::Terminal::new(ratatui::backend::TestBackend::new(80, height))
+        .expect("create terminal");
+    terminal
+        .draw(|f| f.render_widget_ref(&chat, f.area()))
+        .expect("draw patch approval modal");
+    assert_snapshot!("approval_modal_patch", terminal.backend());
+}
+
+// Snapshot test: ChatWidget at very small heights (idle)
+// Ensures overall layout behaves when terminal height is extremely constrained.
+#[test]
+fn ui_snapshots_small_heights_idle() {
+    use ratatui::Terminal;
+    use ratatui::backend::TestBackend;
+    let (chat, _rx, _op_rx) = make_chatwidget_manual();
+    for h in [1u16, 2, 3] {
+        let name = format!("chat_small_idle_h{h}");
+        let mut terminal = Terminal::new(TestBackend::new(40, h)).expect("create terminal");
+        terminal
+            .draw(|f| f.render_widget_ref(&chat, f.area()))
+            .expect("draw chat idle");
+        assert_snapshot!(name, terminal.backend());
+    }
+}
+
+// Snapshot test: ChatWidget at very small heights (task running)
+// Validates how status + composer are presented within tight space.
+#[test]
+fn ui_snapshots_small_heights_task_running() {
+    use ratatui::Terminal;
+    use ratatui::backend::TestBackend;
+    let (mut chat, _rx, _op_rx) = make_chatwidget_manual();
+    // Activate status line
+    chat.handle_codex_event(Event {
+        id: "task-1".into(),
+        msg: EventMsg::TaskStarted,
+    });
+    chat.handle_codex_event(Event {
+        id: "task-1".into(),
+        msg: EventMsg::AgentReasoningDelta(AgentReasoningDeltaEvent {
+            delta: "**Thinking**".into(),
+        }),
+    });
+    for h in [1u16, 2, 3] {
+        let name = format!("chat_small_running_h{h}");
+        let mut terminal = Terminal::new(TestBackend::new(40, h)).expect("create terminal");
+        terminal
+            .draw(|f| f.render_widget_ref(&chat, f.area()))
+            .expect("draw chat running");
+        assert_snapshot!(name, terminal.backend());
+    }
+}
+
+// Snapshot test: status widget + approval modal active together
+// The modal takes precedence visually; this captures the layout with a running
+// task (status indicator active) while an approval request is shown.
+#[test]
+fn status_widget_and_approval_modal_snapshot() {
+    use codex_core::protocol::ExecApprovalRequestEvent;
+
+    let (mut chat, _rx, _op_rx) = make_chatwidget_manual();
+    // Begin a running task so the status indicator would be active.
+    chat.handle_codex_event(Event {
+        id: "task-1".into(),
+        msg: EventMsg::TaskStarted,
+    });
+    // Provide a deterministic header for the status line.
+    chat.handle_codex_event(Event {
+        id: "task-1".into(),
+        msg: EventMsg::AgentReasoningDelta(AgentReasoningDeltaEvent {
+            delta: "**Analyzing**".into(),
+        }),
+    });
+
+    // Now show an approval modal (e.g. exec approval).
+    let ev = ExecApprovalRequestEvent {
+        call_id: "call-approve-exec".into(),
+        command: vec!["echo".into(), "hello world".into()],
+        cwd: std::path::PathBuf::from("/tmp"),
+        reason: Some("Codex wants to run a command".into()),
+    };
+    chat.handle_codex_event(Event {
+        id: "sub-approve-exec".into(),
+        msg: EventMsg::ExecApprovalRequest(ev),
+    });
+
+    // Render at the widget's desired height and snapshot.
+    let height = chat.desired_height(80);
+    let mut terminal = ratatui::Terminal::new(ratatui::backend::TestBackend::new(80, height))
+        .expect("create terminal");
+    terminal
+        .draw(|f| f.render_widget_ref(&chat, f.area()))
+        .expect("draw status + approval modal");
+    assert_snapshot!("status_widget_and_approval_modal", terminal.backend());
+}
+
+// Snapshot test: status widget active (StatusIndicatorView)
+// Ensures the VT100 rendering of the status indicator is stable when active.
+#[test]
+fn status_widget_active_snapshot() {
+    let (mut chat, _rx, _op_rx) = make_chatwidget_manual();
+    // Activate the status indicator by simulating a task start.
+    chat.handle_codex_event(Event {
+        id: "task-1".into(),
+        msg: EventMsg::TaskStarted,
+    });
+    // Provide a deterministic header via a bold reasoning chunk.
+    chat.handle_codex_event(Event {
+        id: "task-1".into(),
+        msg: EventMsg::AgentReasoningDelta(AgentReasoningDeltaEvent {
+            delta: "**Analyzing**".into(),
+        }),
+    });
+    // Render and snapshot.
+    let height = chat.desired_height(80);
+    let mut terminal = ratatui::Terminal::new(ratatui::backend::TestBackend::new(80, height))
+        .expect("create terminal");
+    terminal
+        .draw(|f| f.render_widget_ref(&chat, f.area()))
+        .expect("draw status widget");
+    assert_snapshot!("status_widget_active", terminal.backend());
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn apply_patch_events_emit_history_cells() {
     let (mut chat, mut rx, _op_rx) = make_chatwidget_manual();

codex-rs/tui/src/history_cell.rs

@@ -224,7 +224,10 @@ pub(crate) fn new_session_info(
     } = event;
     if is_first_event {
         let cwd_str = match relativize_to_home(&config.cwd) {
-            Some(rel) if !rel.as_os_str().is_empty() => format!("~/{}", rel.display()),
+            Some(rel) if !rel.as_os_str().is_empty() => {
+                let sep = std::path::MAIN_SEPARATOR;
+                format!("~{sep}{}", rel.display())
+            }
             Some(_) => "~".to_string(),
             None => config.cwd.display().to_string(),
         };
@@ -594,7 +597,10 @@ pub(crate) fn new_status_output(
     lines.push(Line::from(vec!["📂 ".into(), "Workspace".bold()]));
     // Path (home-relative, e.g., ~/code/project)
     let cwd_str = match relativize_to_home(&config.cwd) {
-        Some(rel) if !rel.as_os_str().is_empty() => format!("~/{}", rel.display()),
+        Some(rel) if !rel.as_os_str().is_empty() => {
+            let sep = std::path::MAIN_SEPARATOR;
+            format!("~{sep}{}", rel.display())
+        }
         Some(_) => "~".to_string(),
         None => config.cwd.display().to_string(),
     };
@@ -637,7 +643,8 @@ pub(crate) fn new_status_output(
                                 ups += 1;
                             }
                             if reached {
-                                format!("{}AGENTS.md", "../".repeat(ups))
+                                let up = format!("..{}", std::path::MAIN_SEPARATOR);
+                                format!("{}AGENTS.md", up.repeat(ups))
                             } else if let Ok(stripped) = p.strip_prefix(&config.cwd) {
                                 stripped.display().to_string()
                             } else {

codex-rs/tui/src/snapshots/codex_tui__status_indicator_widget__tests__renders_truncated.snap

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+---
+source: tui/src/status_indicator_widget.rs
+expression: terminal.backend()
+---
+" Working (0s • Esc t"
+"                    "

codex-rs/tui/src/snapshots/codex_tui__status_indicator_widget__tests__renders_with_queued_messages.snap

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+---
+source: tui/src/status_indicator_widget.rs
+expression: terminal.backend()
+---
+" Working (0s • Esc to interrupt)                                                "
+" ↳ first                                                                        "
+" ↳ second                                                                       "
+"   Alt+↑ edit                                                                   "
+"                                                                                "
+"                                                                                "
+"                                                                                "
+"                                                                                "

codex-rs/tui/src/snapshots/codex_tui__status_indicator_widget__tests__renders_with_working_header.snap

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+---
+source: tui/src/status_indicator_widget.rs
+expression: terminal.backend()
+---
+" Working (0s • Esc to interrupt)                                                "
+"                                                                                "

codex-rs/tui/src/status_indicator_widget.rs

@@ -7,39 +7,24 @@ use std::time::Instant;
 use codex_core::protocol::Op;
 use ratatui::buffer::Buffer;
 use ratatui::layout::Rect;
-use ratatui::style::Color;
-use ratatui::style::Modifier;
-use ratatui::style::Style;
+use ratatui::style::Stylize;
 use ratatui::text::Line;
-use ratatui::text::Span;
 use ratatui::widgets::Paragraph;
 use ratatui::widgets::WidgetRef;
-use unicode_width::UnicodeWidthStr;
 
 use crate::app_event::AppEvent;
 use crate::app_event_sender::AppEventSender;
 use crate::shimmer::shimmer_spans;
 use crate::tui::FrameRequester;
-
-// We render the live text using markdown so it visually matches the history
-// cells. Before rendering we strip any ANSI escape sequences to avoid writing
-// raw control bytes into the back buffer.
-use codex_ansi_escape::ansi_escape_line;
+use textwrap::Options as TwOptions;
+use textwrap::WordSplitter;
 
 pub(crate) struct StatusIndicatorWidget {
-    /// Latest text to display (truncated to the available width at render
-    /// time).
-    text: String,
     /// Animated header text (defaults to "Working").
     header: String,
+    /// Queued user messages to display under the status line.
+    queued_messages: Vec<String>,
 
-    /// Animation state: reveal target `text` progressively like a typewriter.
-    /// We compute the currently visible prefix length based on the current
-    /// frame index and a constant typing speed.  The `base_frame` and
-    /// `reveal_len_at_base` form the anchor from which we advance.
-    last_target_len: usize,
-    base_frame: usize,
-    reveal_len_at_base: usize,
     start_time: Instant,
     app_event_tx: AppEventSender,
     frame_requester: FrameRequester,
@@ -48,11 +33,8 @@ pub(crate) struct StatusIndicatorWidget {
 impl StatusIndicatorWidget {
     pub(crate) fn new(app_event_tx: AppEventSender, frame_requester: FrameRequester) -> Self {
         Self {
-            text: String::from("waiting for model"),
             header: String::from("Working"),
-            last_target_len: 0,
-            base_frame: 0,
-            reveal_len_at_base: 0,
+            queued_messages: Vec::new(),
             start_time: Instant::now(),
 
             app_event_tx,
@@ -60,38 +42,32 @@ impl StatusIndicatorWidget {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn desired_height(&self, _width: u16) -> u16 {
-        1
-    }
-
-    /// Update the line that is displayed in the widget.
-    pub(crate) fn update_text(&mut self, text: String) {
-        // If the text hasn't changed, don't reset the baseline; let the
-        // animation continue advancing naturally.
-        if text == self.text {
-            return;
+    pub fn desired_height(&self, width: u16) -> u16 {
+        // Status line + wrapped queued messages (up to 3 lines per message)
+        // + optional ellipsis line per truncated message + 1 spacer line
+        let inner_width = width.max(1) as usize;
+        let mut total: u16 = 1; // status line
+        let text_width = inner_width.saturating_sub(3); // account for " ↳ " prefix
+        if text_width > 0 {
+            let opts = TwOptions::new(text_width)
+                .break_words(false)
+                .word_splitter(WordSplitter::NoHyphenation);
+            for q in &self.queued_messages {
+                let wrapped = textwrap::wrap(q, &opts);
+                let lines = wrapped.len().min(3) as u16;
+                total = total.saturating_add(lines);
+                if wrapped.len() > 3 {
+                    total = total.saturating_add(1); // ellipsis line
+                }
+            }
+            if !self.queued_messages.is_empty() {
+                total = total.saturating_add(1); // keybind hint line
+            }
+        } else {
+            // At least one line per message if width is extremely narrow
+            total = total.saturating_add(self.queued_messages.len() as u16);
         }
-        // Update the target text, preserving newlines so wrapping matches history cells.
-        // Strip ANSI escapes for the character count so the typewriter animation speed is stable.
-        let stripped = {
-            let line = ansi_escape_line(&text);
-            line.spans
-                .iter()
-                .map(|s| s.content.as_ref())
-                .collect::<Vec<_>>()
-                .join("")
-        };
-        let new_len = stripped.chars().count();
-
-        // Compute how many characters are currently revealed so we can carry
-        // this forward as the new baseline when target text changes.
-        let current_frame = self.current_frame();
-        let shown_now = self.current_shown_len(current_frame);
-
-        self.text = text;
-        self.last_target_len = new_len;
-        self.base_frame = current_frame;
-        self.reveal_len_at_base = shown_now.min(new_len);
+        total.saturating_add(1) // spacer line
     }
 
     pub(crate) fn interrupt(&self) {
@@ -105,125 +81,57 @@ impl StatusIndicatorWidget {
         }
     }
 
-    /// Reset the animation and start revealing `text` from the beginning.
-    #[cfg(test)]
-    pub(crate) fn restart_with_text(&mut self, text: String) {
-        let sanitized = text.replace(['\n', '\r'], " ");
-        let stripped = {
-            let line = ansi_escape_line(&sanitized);
-            line.spans
-                .iter()
-                .map(|s| s.content.as_ref())
-                .collect::<Vec<_>>()
-                .join("")
-        };
-
-        let new_len = stripped.chars().count();
-        let current_frame = self.current_frame();
-
-        self.text = sanitized;
-        self.last_target_len = new_len;
-        self.base_frame = current_frame;
-        // Start from zero revealed characters for a fresh typewriter cycle.
-        self.reveal_len_at_base = 0;
-    }
-
-    /// Calculate how many characters should currently be visible given the
-    /// animation baseline and frame counter.
-    fn current_shown_len(&self, current_frame: usize) -> usize {
-        // Increase typewriter speed (~5x): reveal more characters per frame.
-        const TYPING_CHARS_PER_FRAME: usize = 7;
-        let frames = current_frame.saturating_sub(self.base_frame);
-        let advanced = self
-            .reveal_len_at_base
-            .saturating_add(frames.saturating_mul(TYPING_CHARS_PER_FRAME));
-        advanced.min(self.last_target_len)
-    }
-
-    fn current_frame(&self) -> usize {
-        // Derive frame index from wall-clock time. 100ms per frame to match
-        // the previous ticker cadence.
-        let since_start = self.start_time.elapsed();
-        (since_start.as_millis() / 100) as usize
-    }
-
-    /// Test-only helper to fast-forward the internal clock so animations
-    /// advance without sleeping.
-    #[cfg(test)]
-    pub(crate) fn test_fast_forward_frames(&mut self, frames: usize) {
-        let advance_ms = (frames as u64).saturating_mul(100);
-        // Move the start time into the past so `current_frame()` advances.
-        self.start_time = std::time::Instant::now() - std::time::Duration::from_millis(advance_ms);
+    /// Replace the queued messages displayed beneath the header.
+    pub(crate) fn set_queued_messages(&mut self, queued: Vec<String>) {
+        self.queued_messages = queued;
+        // Ensure a redraw so changes are visible.
+        self.frame_requester.schedule_frame();
     }
 }
 
 impl WidgetRef for StatusIndicatorWidget {
     fn render_ref(&self, area: Rect, buf: &mut Buffer) {
-        // Ensure minimal height
-        if area.height == 0 || area.width == 0 {
+        if area.is_empty() {
             return;
         }
 
         // Schedule next animation frame.
         self.frame_requester
             .schedule_frame_in(Duration::from_millis(32));
-        let idx = self.current_frame();
         let elapsed = self.start_time.elapsed().as_secs();
-        let shown_now = self.current_shown_len(idx);
-        let status_prefix: String = self.text.chars().take(shown_now).collect();
-        let animated_spans = shimmer_spans(&self.header);
 
         // Plain rendering: no borders or padding so the live cell is visually indistinguishable from terminal scrollback.
-        let inner_width = area.width as usize;
+        let mut spans = vec![" ".into()];
+        spans.extend(shimmer_spans(&self.header));
+        spans.extend(vec![
+            " ".into(),
+            format!("({elapsed}s • ").dim(),
+            "Esc".dim().bold(),
+            " to interrupt)".dim(),
+        ]);
 
-        let mut spans: Vec<Span<'static>> = Vec::new();
-        spans.push(Span::styled("▌ ", Style::default().fg(Color::Cyan)));
-
-        // Animated header after the left bar
-        spans.extend(animated_spans);
-        // Space between header and bracket block
-        spans.push(Span::raw(" "));
-        // Non-animated, dim bracket content, with keys bold
-        let bracket_prefix = format!("({elapsed}s • ");
-        spans.push(Span::styled(
-            bracket_prefix,
-            Style::default().add_modifier(Modifier::DIM),
-        ));
-        spans.push(Span::styled(
-            "Esc",
-            Style::default().add_modifier(Modifier::DIM | Modifier::BOLD),
-        ));
-        spans.push(Span::styled(
-            " to interrupt)",
-            Style::default().add_modifier(Modifier::DIM),
-        ));
-        // Add a space and then the log text (not animated by the gradient)
-        if !status_prefix.is_empty() {
-            spans.push(Span::styled(
-                " ",
-                Style::default().add_modifier(Modifier::DIM),
-            ));
-            spans.push(Span::styled(
-                status_prefix,
-                Style::default().add_modifier(Modifier::DIM),
-            ));
-        }
-
-        // Truncate spans to fit the width.
-        let mut acc: Vec<Span<'static>> = Vec::new();
-        let mut used = 0usize;
-        for s in spans {
-            let w = s.content.width();
-            if used + w <= inner_width {
-                acc.push(s);
-                used += w;
-            } else {
-                break;
+        // Build lines: status, then queued messages, then spacer.
+        let mut lines: Vec<Line<'static>> = Vec::new();
+        lines.push(Line::from(spans));
+        // Wrap queued messages using textwrap and show up to the first 3 lines per message.
+        let text_width = area.width.saturating_sub(3); // " ↳ " prefix
+        let opts = TwOptions::new(text_width as usize)
+            .break_words(false)
+            .word_splitter(WordSplitter::NoHyphenation);
+        for q in &self.queued_messages {
+            let wrapped = textwrap::wrap(q, &opts);
+            for (i, piece) in wrapped.iter().take(3).enumerate() {
+                let prefix = if i == 0 { " ↳ " } else { "   " };
+                let content = format!("{prefix}{piece}");
+                lines.push(Line::from(content.dim()));
+            }
+            if wrapped.len() > 3 {
+                lines.push(Line::from("   …".dim()));
             }
         }
-        let lines = vec![Line::from(acc)];
-
-        // No-op once full text is revealed; the app no longer reacts to a completion event.
+        if !self.queued_messages.is_empty() {
+            lines.push(Line::from(vec!["   ".into(), "Alt+↑".cyan(), " edit".into()]).dim());
+        }
 
         let paragraph = Paragraph::new(lines);
         paragraph.render_ref(area, buf);
@@ -235,60 +143,51 @@ mod tests {
     use super::*;
     use crate::app_event::AppEvent;
     use crate::app_event_sender::AppEventSender;
+    use insta::assert_snapshot;
+    use ratatui::Terminal;
+    use ratatui::backend::TestBackend;
     use tokio::sync::mpsc::unbounded_channel;
 
     #[test]
-    fn renders_without_left_border_or_padding() {
+    fn renders_with_working_header() {
         let (tx_raw, _rx) = unbounded_channel::<AppEvent>();
         let tx = AppEventSender::new(tx_raw);
-        let mut w = StatusIndicatorWidget::new(tx, crate::tui::FrameRequester::test_dummy());
-        w.restart_with_text("Hello".to_string());
+        let w = StatusIndicatorWidget::new(tx, crate::tui::FrameRequester::test_dummy());
 
-        let area = ratatui::layout::Rect::new(0, 0, 30, 1);
-        // Advance animation without sleeping.
-        w.test_fast_forward_frames(2);
-        let mut buf = ratatui::buffer::Buffer::empty(area);
-        w.render_ref(area, &mut buf);
-
-        // Leftmost column has the left bar
-        let ch0 = buf[(0, 0)].symbol().chars().next().unwrap_or(' ');
-        assert_eq!(ch0, '▌', "expected left bar at col 0: {ch0:?}");
+        // Render into a fixed-size test terminal and snapshot the backend.
+        let mut terminal = Terminal::new(TestBackend::new(80, 2)).expect("terminal");
+        terminal
+            .draw(|f| w.render_ref(f.area(), f.buffer_mut()))
+            .expect("draw");
+        assert_snapshot!(terminal.backend());
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn working_header_is_present_on_last_line() {
+    fn renders_truncated() {
         let (tx_raw, _rx) = unbounded_channel::<AppEvent>();
         let tx = AppEventSender::new(tx_raw);
-        let mut w = StatusIndicatorWidget::new(tx, crate::tui::FrameRequester::test_dummy());
-        w.restart_with_text("Hi".to_string());
-        // Advance animation without sleeping.
-        w.test_fast_forward_frames(2);
+        let w = StatusIndicatorWidget::new(tx, crate::tui::FrameRequester::test_dummy());
 
-        let area = ratatui::layout::Rect::new(0, 0, 30, 1);
-        let mut buf = ratatui::buffer::Buffer::empty(area);
-        w.render_ref(area, &mut buf);
-
-        // Single line; it should contain the animated "Working" header.
-        let mut row = String::new();
-        for x in 0..area.width {
-            row.push(buf[(x, 0)].symbol().chars().next().unwrap_or(' '));
-        }
-        assert!(row.contains("Working"), "expected Working header: {row:?}");
+        // Render into a fixed-size test terminal and snapshot the backend.
+        let mut terminal = Terminal::new(TestBackend::new(20, 2)).expect("terminal");
+        terminal
+            .draw(|f| w.render_ref(f.area(), f.buffer_mut()))
+            .expect("draw");
+        assert_snapshot!(terminal.backend());
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn header_starts_at_expected_position() {
+    fn renders_with_queued_messages() {
         let (tx_raw, _rx) = unbounded_channel::<AppEvent>();
         let tx = AppEventSender::new(tx_raw);
         let mut w = StatusIndicatorWidget::new(tx, crate::tui::FrameRequester::test_dummy());
-        w.restart_with_text("Hello".to_string());
-        w.test_fast_forward_frames(2);
+        w.set_queued_messages(vec!["first".to_string(), "second".to_string()]);
 
-        let area = ratatui::layout::Rect::new(0, 0, 30, 1);
-        let mut buf = ratatui::buffer::Buffer::empty(area);
-        w.render_ref(area, &mut buf);
-
-        let ch = buf[(2, 0)].symbol().chars().next().unwrap_or(' ');
-        assert_eq!(ch, 'W', "expected Working header at col 2: {ch:?}");
+        // Render into a fixed-size test terminal and snapshot the backend.
+        let mut terminal = Terminal::new(TestBackend::new(80, 8)).expect("terminal");
+        terminal
+            .draw(|f| w.render_ref(f.area(), f.buffer_mut()))
+            .expect("draw");
+        assert_snapshot!(terminal.backend());
     }
 }

codex-rs/tui/src/user_approval_widget.rs

@@ -373,7 +373,11 @@ impl UserApprovalWidget {
     }
 
     pub(crate) fn desired_height(&self, width: u16) -> u16 {
-        self.get_confirmation_prompt_height(width) + self.select_options.len() as u16
+        // Reserve space for:
+        // - 1 title line ("Allow command?" or "Apply changes?")
+        // - 1 buttons line (options rendered horizontally on a single row)
+        // - 1 description line (context for the currently selected option)
+        self.get_confirmation_prompt_height(width) + 3
     }
 }
 

codex-rs/tui/tests/all.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+// Single integration test binary that aggregates all test modules.
+// The submodules live in `tests/suite/`.
+mod suite;