remove unnecessary double-check in getOrCreate (Effect.sync is atomic)

fix(bus): prevent race in getOrCreate with double-check after yield
test(bus): add instance isolation and multiple subscriber tests
2026-03-22 06:34:37 +00:00 · 2026-03-21 22:01:41 -04:00 · 2026-03-21 21:56:00 -04:00 · 2026-03-21 21:51:23 -04:00 · 2026-03-21 21:49:37 -04:00 · 2026-03-21 21:44:32 -04:00
128 changed files with 6782 additions and 5389 deletions
--- a/.github/VOUCHED.td
+++ b/.github/VOUCHED.td
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 adamdotdevin
 -agusbasari29 AI PR slop
 ariane-emory
+-danieljoshuanazareth
 edemaine
 -florianleibert
 fwang
@@ -17,8 +18,9 @@ iamdavidhill
 jayair
 kitlangton
 kommander
+-opencode2026
 r44vc0rp
 rekram1-node
 -spider-yamet clawdbot/llm psychosis, spam pinging the team
 thdxr
-OpenCode2026
+-danieljoshuanazareth
--- a/bun.lock
+++ b/bun.lock
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@
        "@solid-primitives/websocket": "1.3.1",
        "@solidjs/meta": "catalog:",
        "@solidjs/router": "catalog:",
+        "@tanstack/solid-query": "5.91.4",
        "@thisbeyond/solid-dnd": "0.7.5",
        "diff": "catalog:",
        "effect": "catalog:",
@@ -336,8 +337,8 @@
        "@opencode-ai/sdk": "workspace:*",
        "@opencode-ai/util": "workspace:*",
        "@openrouter/ai-sdk-provider": "1.5.4",
-        "@opentui/core": "0.1.87",
-        "@opentui/solid": "0.1.87",
+        "@opentui/core": "0.1.88",
+        "@opentui/solid": "0.1.88",
        "@parcel/watcher": "2.5.1",
        "@pierre/diffs": "catalog:",
        "@solid-primitives/event-bus": "1.1.2",
@@ -1446,21 +1447,21 @@

    "@opentelemetry/api": ["@opentelemetry/api@1.9.0", "", {}, "sha512-3giAOQvZiH5F9bMlMiv8+GSPMeqg0dbaeo58/0SlA9sxSqZhnUtxzX9/2FzyhS9sWQf5S0GJE0AKBrFqjpeYcg=="],

-    "@opentui/core": ["@opentui/core@0.1.87", "", { "dependencies": { "bun-ffi-structs": "0.1.2", "diff": "8.0.2", "jimp": "1.6.0", "marked": "17.0.1", "yoga-layout": "3.2.1" }, "optionalDependencies": { "@dimforge/rapier2d-simd-compat": "^0.17.3", "@opentui/core-darwin-arm64": "0.1.87", "@opentui/core-darwin-x64": "0.1.87", "@opentui/core-linux-arm64": "0.1.87", "@opentui/core-linux-x64": "0.1.87", "@opentui/core-win32-arm64": "0.1.87", "@opentui/core-win32-x64": "0.1.87", "bun-webgpu": "0.1.5", "planck": "^1.4.2", "three": "0.177.0" }, "peerDependencies": { "web-tree-sitter": "0.25.10" } }, "sha512-dhsmMv0IqKftwG7J/pBrLBj2armsYIg5R3LBvciRQI/6X89GufP4l1u0+QTACAx6iR4SYJJNVNQ2tdX8LM9rMw=="],
+    "@opentui/core": ["@opentui/core@0.1.88", "", { "dependencies": { "bun-ffi-structs": "0.1.2", "diff": "8.0.2", "jimp": "1.6.0", "marked": "17.0.1", "yoga-layout": "3.2.1" }, "optionalDependencies": { "@dimforge/rapier2d-simd-compat": "^0.17.3", "@opentui/core-darwin-arm64": "0.1.88", "@opentui/core-darwin-x64": "0.1.88", "@opentui/core-linux-arm64": "0.1.88", "@opentui/core-linux-x64": "0.1.88", "@opentui/core-win32-arm64": "0.1.88", "@opentui/core-win32-x64": "0.1.88", "bun-webgpu": "0.1.5", "planck": "^1.4.2", "three": "0.177.0" }, "peerDependencies": { "web-tree-sitter": "0.25.10" } }, "sha512-eaDVZfAzZraddOIkgWSHMVkyaY0O20foYnPWKPQx1TY4t7G1oatIoan2zkytx67epW+4BZQ9vGib+61/uNM1MA=="],

-    "@opentui/core-darwin-arm64": ["@opentui/core-darwin-arm64@0.1.87", "", { "os": "darwin", "cpu": "arm64" }, "sha512-G8oq85diOfkU6n0T1CxCle7oDmpKxwhcdhZ9khBMU5IrfLx9ZDuCM3F6MsiRQWdvPPCq2oomNbd64bYkPamYgw=="],
+    "@opentui/core-darwin-arm64": ["@opentui/core-darwin-arm64@0.1.88", "", { "os": "darwin", "cpu": "arm64" }, "sha512-oGRexWwZFeQJymOK5ORrLrwJUbPHMYaFa0EcLnlhvPnymm1xyMcRKm39ez0WSIdtiCCi/PmMHX95CfyyJB5VMA=="],

-    "@opentui/core-darwin-x64": ["@opentui/core-darwin-x64@0.1.87", "", { "os": "darwin", "cpu": "x64" }, "sha512-MYTFQfOHm6qO7YaY4GHK9u/oJlXY6djaaxl5I+k4p2mk3vvuFIl/AP1ypITwBFjyV5gyp7PRWFp4nGfY9oN8bw=="],
+    "@opentui/core-darwin-x64": ["@opentui/core-darwin-x64@0.1.88", "", { "os": "darwin", "cpu": "x64" }, "sha512-ddnruYpXt7gXsAqZoQzNrHtZ50niYQfESVT3rhE5qgsz7zoWBdKe/RxLKcb6zQmHMZML6SjSh0NrMG86lsH4dQ=="],

-    "@opentui/core-linux-arm64": ["@opentui/core-linux-arm64@0.1.87", "", { "os": "linux", "cpu": "arm64" }, "sha512-he8o1h5M6oskRJ7wE+xKJgmWnv5ZwN6gB3M/Z+SeHtOMPa5cZmi3TefTjG54llEgFfx0F9RcqHof7TJ/GNxRkw=="],
+    "@opentui/core-linux-arm64": ["@opentui/core-linux-arm64@0.1.88", "", { "os": "linux", "cpu": "arm64" }, "sha512-jfcU/Sw8re3aWWb9cQ4OXmVNp/pchu6lgDRqvfy0EKTpzd7CNIu6a0xm+rcUKiPO7BrTrwtumT5/jZWWgCdHlg=="],

-    "@opentui/core-linux-x64": ["@opentui/core-linux-x64@0.1.87", "", { "os": "linux", "cpu": "x64" }, "sha512-aiUwjPlH4yDcB8/6YDKSmMkaoGAAltL0Xo0AzXyAtJXWK5tkCSaYjEVwzJ/rYRkr4Magnad+Mjth4AQUWdR2AA=="],
+    "@opentui/core-linux-x64": ["@opentui/core-linux-x64@0.1.88", "", { "os": "linux", "cpu": "x64" }, "sha512-nyfilOYLu6XWRlPl1R0Y6WzdL+jVdIFnwShBWcZL+QC5HiJnQc6LKy5yX8uv0fVbY5xs1wBvlHVeUj1UwFQyFQ=="],

-    "@opentui/core-win32-arm64": ["@opentui/core-win32-arm64@0.1.87", "", { "os": "win32", "cpu": "arm64" }, "sha512-cmP0pOyREjWGniHqbDmaMY7U+1AyagrD8VseJbU0cGpNgVpG2/gbrJUGdfdLB0SNb+mzLdx6SOjdxtrElwRCQA=="],
+    "@opentui/core-win32-arm64": ["@opentui/core-win32-arm64@0.1.88", "", { "os": "win32", "cpu": "arm64" }, "sha512-jv/dQwcku7YZ4lNnYjivVvjPwTfDfzGfcplUqHxmirnv1Q1pZL1qS5wH1PV6RhAKN779vHTvnYMD4OgHWzqVaA=="],

-    "@opentui/core-win32-x64": ["@opentui/core-win32-x64@0.1.87", "", { "os": "win32", "cpu": "x64" }, "sha512-N2GErAAP8iODf2RPp86pilPaVKiD6G4pkpZL5nLGbKsl0bndrVTpSqZcn8+/nQwFZDPD/AsiRTYNOfWOblhzOw=="],
+    "@opentui/core-win32-x64": ["@opentui/core-win32-x64@0.1.88", "", { "os": "win32", "cpu": "x64" }, "sha512-saGvsQqwL8H7B0VBCQ+szMCKh9WIfTebOR8cwPa2+DR+1FnrEG2I4kiikoj4hfYfRMX18A0A11vQxSh3vvy8Ig=="],

-    "@opentui/solid": ["@opentui/solid@0.1.87", "", { "dependencies": { "@babel/core": "7.28.0", "@babel/preset-typescript": "7.27.1", "@opentui/core": "0.1.87", "babel-plugin-module-resolver": "5.0.2", "babel-preset-solid": "1.9.9", "entities": "7.0.1", "s-js": "^0.4.9" }, "peerDependencies": { "solid-js": "1.9.9" } }, "sha512-lRT9t30l8+FtgOjjWJcdb2MT6hP8/RKqwGgYwTI7fXrOqdhxxwdP2SM+rH2l3suHeASheiTdlvPAo230iUcsvg=="],
+    "@opentui/solid": ["@opentui/solid@0.1.88", "", { "dependencies": { "@babel/core": "7.28.0", "@babel/preset-typescript": "7.27.1", "@opentui/core": "0.1.88", "babel-plugin-module-resolver": "5.0.2", "babel-preset-solid": "1.9.10", "entities": "7.0.1", "s-js": "^0.4.9" }, "peerDependencies": { "solid-js": "1.9.11" } }, "sha512-hAqMBk3u/MnUapOmRPdMZinXPOFC+5ccmW1rEQRf9HpShRlZfyg9/u+wUI5rUavyeNFtka92Mtjf/N4AKQpwuA=="],

    "@oslojs/asn1": ["@oslojs/asn1@1.0.0", "", { "dependencies": { "@oslojs/binary": "1.0.0" } }, "sha512-zw/wn0sj0j0QKbIXfIlnEcTviaCzYOY3V5rAyjR6YtOByFtJiT574+8p9Wlach0lZH9fddD4yb9laEAIl4vXQA=="],

@@ -1966,10 +1967,14 @@

    "@tanstack/directive-functions-plugin": ["@tanstack/directive-functions-plugin@1.134.5", "", { "dependencies": { "@babel/code-frame": "7.27.1", "@babel/core": "^7.27.7", "@babel/traverse": "^7.27.7", "@babel/types": "^7.27.7", "@tanstack/router-utils": "1.133.19", "babel-dead-code-elimination": "^1.0.10", "pathe": "^2.0.3", "tiny-invariant": "^1.3.3" }, "peerDependencies": { "vite": ">=6.0.0 || >=7.0.0" } }, "sha512-J3oawV8uBRBbPoLgMdyHt+LxzTNuWRKNJJuCLWsm/yq6v0IQSvIVCgfD2+liIiSnDPxGZ8ExduPXy8IzS70eXw=="],

+    "@tanstack/query-core": ["@tanstack/query-core@5.91.2", "", {}, "sha512-Uz2pTgPC1mhqrrSGg18RKCWT/pkduAYtxbcyIyKBhw7dTWjXZIzqmpzO2lBkyWr4hlImQgpu1m1pei3UnkFRWw=="],
+
    "@tanstack/router-utils": ["@tanstack/router-utils@1.133.19", "", { "dependencies": { "@babel/core": "^7.27.4", "@babel/generator": "^7.27.5", "@babel/parser": "^7.27.5", "@babel/preset-typescript": "^7.27.1", "ansis": "^4.1.0", "diff": "^8.0.2", "pathe": "^2.0.3", "tinyglobby": "^0.2.15" } }, "sha512-WEp5D2gPxvlLDRXwD/fV7RXjYtqaqJNXKB/L6OyZEbT+9BG/Ib2d7oG9GSUZNNMGPGYAlhBUOi3xutySsk6rxA=="],

    "@tanstack/server-functions-plugin": ["@tanstack/server-functions-plugin@1.134.5", "", { "dependencies": { "@babel/code-frame": "7.27.1", "@babel/core": "^7.27.7", "@babel/plugin-syntax-jsx": "^7.27.1", "@babel/plugin-syntax-typescript": "^7.27.1", "@babel/template": "^7.27.2", "@babel/traverse": "^7.27.7", "@babel/types": "^7.27.7", "@tanstack/directive-functions-plugin": "1.134.5", "babel-dead-code-elimination": "^1.0.9", "tiny-invariant": "^1.3.3" } }, "sha512-2sWxq70T+dOEUlE3sHlXjEPhaFZfdPYlWTSkHchWXrFGw2YOAa+hzD6L9wHMjGDQezYd03ue8tQlHG+9Jzbzgw=="],

+    "@tanstack/solid-query": ["@tanstack/solid-query@5.91.4", "", { "dependencies": { "@tanstack/query-core": "5.91.2" }, "peerDependencies": { "solid-js": "^1.6.0" } }, "sha512-oCEgn8iT7WnF/7ISd7usBpUK1C9EdvQfg8ZUpKNKZ4edVClICZrCX6f3/Bp8ZlwQnL21KLc2rp+CejEuehlRxg=="],
+
    "@tauri-apps/api": ["@tauri-apps/api@2.10.1", "", {}, "sha512-hKL/jWf293UDSUN09rR69hrToyIXBb8CjGaWC7gfinvnQrBVvnLr08FeFi38gxtugAVyVcTa5/FD/Xnkb1siBw=="],

    "@tauri-apps/cli": ["@tauri-apps/cli@2.10.1", "", { "optionalDependencies": { "@tauri-apps/cli-darwin-arm64": "2.10.1", "@tauri-apps/cli-darwin-x64": "2.10.1", "@tauri-apps/cli-linux-arm-gnueabihf": "2.10.1", "@tauri-apps/cli-linux-arm64-gnu": "2.10.1", "@tauri-apps/cli-linux-arm64-musl": "2.10.1", "@tauri-apps/cli-linux-riscv64-gnu": "2.10.1", "@tauri-apps/cli-linux-x64-gnu": "2.10.1", "@tauri-apps/cli-linux-x64-musl": "2.10.1", "@tauri-apps/cli-win32-arm64-msvc": "2.10.1", "@tauri-apps/cli-win32-ia32-msvc": "2.10.1", "@tauri-apps/cli-win32-x64-msvc": "2.10.1" }, "bin": { "tauri": "tauri.js" } }, "sha512-jQNGF/5quwORdZSSLtTluyKQ+o6SMa/AUICfhf4egCGFdMHqWssApVgYSbg+jmrZoc8e1DscNvjTnXtlHLS11g=="],
@@ -5198,8 +5203,6 @@

    "@opentui/solid/@babel/core": ["@babel/core@7.28.0", "", { "dependencies": { "@ampproject/remapping": "^2.2.0", "@babel/code-frame": "^7.27.1", "@babel/generator": "^7.28.0", "@babel/helper-compilation-targets": "^7.27.2", "@babel/helper-module-transforms": "^7.27.3", "@babel/helpers": "^7.27.6", "@babel/parser": "^7.28.0", "@babel/template": "^7.27.2", "@babel/traverse": "^7.28.0", "@babel/types": "^7.28.0", "convert-source-map": "^2.0.0", "debug": "^4.1.0", "gensync": "^1.0.0-beta.2", "json5": "^2.2.3", "semver": "^6.3.1" } }, "sha512-UlLAnTPrFdNGoFtbSXwcGFQBtQZJCNjaN6hQNP3UPvuNXT1i82N26KL3dZeIpNalWywr9IuQuncaAfUaS1g6sQ=="],

-    "@opentui/solid/babel-preset-solid": ["babel-preset-solid@1.9.9", "", { "dependencies": { "babel-plugin-jsx-dom-expressions": "^0.40.1" }, "peerDependencies": { "@babel/core": "^7.0.0", "solid-js": "^1.9.8" }, "optionalPeers": ["solid-js"] }, "sha512-pCnxWrciluXCeli/dj5PIEHgbNzim3evtTn12snjqqg8QZWJNMjH1AWIp4iG/tbVjqQ72aBEymMSagvmgxubXw=="],
-
    "@oslojs/jwt/@oslojs/encoding": ["@oslojs/encoding@0.4.1", "", {}, "sha512-hkjo6MuIK/kQR5CrGNdAPZhS01ZCXuWDRJ187zh6qqF2+yMHZpD9fAYpX8q2bOO6Ryhl3XpCT6kUX76N8hhm4Q=="],

    "@pierre/diffs/@shikijs/transformers": ["@shikijs/transformers@3.20.0", "", { "dependencies": { "@shikijs/core": "3.20.0", "@shikijs/types": "3.20.0" } }, "sha512-PrHHMRr3Q5W1qB/42kJW6laqFyWdhrPF2hNR9qjOm1xcSiAO3hAHo7HaVyHE6pMyevmy3i51O8kuGGXC78uK3g=="],
--- a/nix/hashes.json
+++ b/nix/hashes.json
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 {
  "nodeModules": {
-    "x86_64-linux": "sha256-P0RJfQF8APTYVGP6hLJRrOkRSl5nVDNxdcGcZECPPJE=",
-    "aarch64-linux": "sha256-ZtMjTcd35X3JhJIdn3DilFsp7i/IZIcNaKZFnSzW/nk=",
-    "aarch64-darwin": "sha256-Uw/okFDRxxKQMfEsj8MXuHyhpugxZGgIKtu89Getlz8=",
-    "x86_64-darwin": "sha256-ZySIgT1HbWZWnaQ0W0eURKC43BTupRmmply92JDFPWA="
+    "x86_64-linux": "sha256-u+uZX7mhtm5eywGybB7/MjBMG2xl4Ve9VG33AAFgNno=",
+    "aarch64-linux": "sha256-pc1Xhd2bkwNohGMtzRnEuS5ZN1qWhJncYhNVAXega1g=",
+    "aarch64-darwin": "sha256-A5qUpqgm9ZFvWVhn/WdiX4lVs4ihbAclJDvCFAmx5Wg=",
+    "x86_64-darwin": "sha256-ECLrMGE51AlYJ4JKDtziDKxhyK7WLt8R+8RVFdXH1WU="
  }
 }
--- a/packages/app/package.json
+++ b/packages/app/package.json
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@
    "@solid-primitives/websocket": "1.3.1",
    "@solidjs/meta": "catalog:",
    "@solidjs/router": "catalog:",
+    "@tanstack/solid-query": "5.91.4",
    "@thisbeyond/solid-dnd": "0.7.5",
    "diff": "catalog:",
    "effect": "catalog:",
--- a/packages/app/src/app.tsx
+++ b/packages/app/src/app.tsx
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import { Splash } from "@opencode-ai/ui/logo"
 import { ThemeProvider } from "@opencode-ai/ui/theme"
 import { MetaProvider } from "@solidjs/meta"
 import { type BaseRouterProps, Navigate, Route, Router } from "@solidjs/router"
+import { QueryClient, QueryClientProvider } from "@tanstack/solid-query"
 import { type Duration, Effect } from "effect"
 import {
  type Component,
@@ -81,6 +82,11 @@ function MarkedProviderWithNativeParser(props: ParentProps) {
  return <MarkedProvider nativeParser={platform.parseMarkdown}>{props.children}</MarkedProvider>
 }

+function QueryProvider(props: ParentProps) {
+  const client = new QueryClient()
+  return <QueryClientProvider client={client}>{props.children}</QueryClientProvider>
+}
+
 function AppShellProviders(props: ParentProps) {
  return (
    <SettingsProvider>
@@ -136,11 +142,13 @@ export function AppBaseProviders(props: ParentProps) {
        <LanguageProvider>
          <UiI18nBridge>
            <ErrorBoundary fallback={(error) => <ErrorPage error={error} />}>
-              <DialogProvider>
-                <MarkedProviderWithNativeParser>
-                  <FileComponentProvider component={File}>{props.children}</FileComponentProvider>
-                </MarkedProviderWithNativeParser>
-              </DialogProvider>
+              <QueryProvider>
+                <DialogProvider>
+                  <MarkedProviderWithNativeParser>
+                    <FileComponentProvider component={File}>{props.children}</FileComponentProvider>
+                  </MarkedProviderWithNativeParser>
+                </DialogProvider>
+              </QueryProvider>
            </ErrorBoundary>
          </UiI18nBridge>
        </LanguageProvider>
--- a/packages/app/src/components/dialog-connect-provider.tsx
+++ b/packages/app/src/components/dialog-connect-provider.tsx
@@ -12,10 +12,9 @@ import { showToast } from "@opencode-ai/ui/toast"
 import { createMemo, Match, onCleanup, onMount, Switch } from "solid-js"
 import { createStore, produce } from "solid-js/store"
 import { Link } from "@/components/link"
-import { useLanguage } from "@/context/language"
 import { useGlobalSDK } from "@/context/global-sdk"
 import { useGlobalSync } from "@/context/global-sync"
-import { DialogSelectModel } from "./dialog-select-model"
+import { useLanguage } from "@/context/language"
 import { DialogSelectProvider } from "./dialog-select-provider"

 export function DialogConnectProvider(props: { provider: string }) {
--- a/packages/app/src/components/dialog-custom-provider-form.ts
+++ b/packages/app/src/components/dialog-custom-provider-form.ts
@@ -34,7 +34,6 @@ export type FormState = {
  apiKey: string
  models: ModelRow[]
  headers: HeaderRow[]
-  saving: boolean
  err: {
    providerID?: string
    name?: string
--- a/packages/app/src/components/dialog-custom-provider.test.ts
+++ b/packages/app/src/components/dialog-custom-provider.test.ts
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ describe("validateCustomProvider", () => {
          { row: "h0", key: " X-Test ", value: " enabled ", err: {} },
          { row: "h1", key: "", value: "", err: {} },
        ],
-        saving: false,
        err: {},
      },
      t,
@@ -60,7 +59,6 @@ describe("validateCustomProvider", () => {
          { row: "h0", key: "Authorization", value: "one", err: {} },
          { row: "h1", key: "authorization", value: "two", err: {} },
        ],
-        saving: false,
        err: {},
      },
      t,
--- a/packages/app/src/components/dialog-custom-provider.tsx
+++ b/packages/app/src/components/dialog-custom-provider.tsx
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import { useDialog } from "@opencode-ai/ui/context/dialog"
 import { Dialog } from "@opencode-ai/ui/dialog"
 import { IconButton } from "@opencode-ai/ui/icon-button"
 import { ProviderIcon } from "@opencode-ai/ui/provider-icon"
+import { useMutation } from "@tanstack/solid-query"
 import { TextField } from "@opencode-ai/ui/text-field"
 import { showToast } from "@opencode-ai/ui/toast"
 import { batch, For } from "solid-js"
@@ -31,7 +32,6 @@ export function DialogCustomProvider(props: Props) {
    apiKey: "",
    models: [modelRow()],
    headers: [headerRow()],
-    saving: false,
    err: {},
  })

@@ -116,48 +116,49 @@ export function DialogCustomProvider(props: Props) {
    return output.result
  }

-  const save = async (e: SubmitEvent) => {
-    e.preventDefault()
-    if (form.saving) return
+  const saveMutation = useMutation(() => ({
+    mutationFn: async (result: NonNullable<ReturnType<typeof validate>>) => {
+      const disabledProviders = globalSync.data.config.disabled_providers ?? []
+      const nextDisabled = disabledProviders.filter((id) => id !== result.providerID)

-    const result = validate()
-    if (!result) return
-
-    setForm("saving", true)
-
-    const disabledProviders = globalSync.data.config.disabled_providers ?? []
-    const nextDisabled = disabledProviders.filter((id) => id !== result.providerID)
-
-    const auth = result.key
-      ? globalSDK.client.auth.set({
+      if (result.key) {
+        await globalSDK.client.auth.set({
          providerID: result.providerID,
          auth: {
            type: "api",
            key: result.key,
          },
        })
-      : Promise.resolve()
+      }

-    auth
-      .then(() =>
-        globalSync.updateConfig({ provider: { [result.providerID]: result.config }, disabled_providers: nextDisabled }),
-      )
-      .then(() => {
-        dialog.close()
-        showToast({
-          variant: "success",
-          icon: "circle-check",
-          title: language.t("provider.connect.toast.connected.title", { provider: result.name }),
-          description: language.t("provider.connect.toast.connected.description", { provider: result.name }),
-        })
+      await globalSync.updateConfig({
+        provider: { [result.providerID]: result.config },
+        disabled_providers: nextDisabled,
      })
-      .catch((err: unknown) => {
-        const message = err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err)
-        showToast({ title: language.t("common.requestFailed"), description: message })
-      })
-      .finally(() => {
-        setForm("saving", false)
+      return result
+    },
+    onSuccess: (result) => {
+      dialog.close()
+      showToast({
+        variant: "success",
+        icon: "circle-check",
+        title: language.t("provider.connect.toast.connected.title", { provider: result.name }),
+        description: language.t("provider.connect.toast.connected.description", { provider: result.name }),
      })
+    },
+    onError: (err) => {
+      const message = err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err)
+      showToast({ title: language.t("common.requestFailed"), description: message })
+    },
+  }))
+
+  const save = (e: SubmitEvent) => {
+    e.preventDefault()
+    if (saveMutation.isPending) return
+
+    const result = validate()
+    if (!result) return
+    saveMutation.mutate(result)
  }

  return (
@@ -312,8 +313,14 @@ export function DialogCustomProvider(props: Props) {
            </Button>
          </div>

-          <Button class="w-auto self-start" type="submit" size="large" variant="primary" disabled={form.saving}>
-            {form.saving ? language.t("common.saving") : language.t("common.submit")}
+          <Button
+            class="w-auto self-start"
+            type="submit"
+            size="large"
+            variant="primary"
+            disabled={saveMutation.isPending}
+          >
+            {saveMutation.isPending ? language.t("common.saving") : language.t("common.submit")}
          </Button>
        </form>
      </div>
--- a/packages/app/src/components/dialog-edit-project.tsx
+++ b/packages/app/src/components/dialog-edit-project.tsx
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import { Button } from "@opencode-ai/ui/button"
 import { useDialog } from "@opencode-ai/ui/context/dialog"
 import { Dialog } from "@opencode-ai/ui/dialog"
 import { TextField } from "@opencode-ai/ui/text-field"
+import { useMutation } from "@tanstack/solid-query"
 import { Icon } from "@opencode-ai/ui/icon"
 import { createMemo, For, Show } from "solid-js"
 import { createStore } from "solid-js/store"
@@ -28,7 +29,6 @@ export function DialogEditProject(props: { project: LocalProject }) {
    color: props.project.icon?.color || "pink",
    iconUrl: props.project.icon?.override || "",
    startup: props.project.commands?.start ?? "",
-    saving: false,
    dragOver: false,
    iconHover: false,
  })
@@ -71,38 +71,37 @@ export function DialogEditProject(props: { project: LocalProject }) {
    setStore("iconUrl", "")
  }

-  async function handleSubmit(e: SubmitEvent) {
-    e.preventDefault()
+  const saveMutation = useMutation(() => ({
+    mutationFn: async () => {
+      const name = store.name.trim() === folderName() ? "" : store.name.trim()
+      const start = store.startup.trim()

-    await Promise.resolve()
-      .then(async () => {
-        setStore("saving", true)
-        const name = store.name.trim() === folderName() ? "" : store.name.trim()
-        const start = store.startup.trim()
-
-        if (props.project.id && props.project.id !== "global") {
-          await globalSDK.client.project.update({
-            projectID: props.project.id,
-            directory: props.project.worktree,
-            name,
-            icon: { color: store.color, override: store.iconUrl },
-            commands: { start },
-          })
-          globalSync.project.icon(props.project.worktree, store.iconUrl || undefined)
-          dialog.close()
-          return
-        }
-
-        globalSync.project.meta(props.project.worktree, {
+      if (props.project.id && props.project.id !== "global") {
+        await globalSDK.client.project.update({
+          projectID: props.project.id,
+          directory: props.project.worktree,
          name,
-          icon: { color: store.color, override: store.iconUrl || undefined },
-          commands: { start: start || undefined },
+          icon: { color: store.color, override: store.iconUrl },
+          commands: { start },
        })
+        globalSync.project.icon(props.project.worktree, store.iconUrl || undefined)
        dialog.close()
+        return
+      }
+
+      globalSync.project.meta(props.project.worktree, {
+        name,
+        icon: { color: store.color, override: store.iconUrl || undefined },
+        commands: { start: start || undefined },
      })
-      .finally(() => {
-        setStore("saving", false)
-      })
+      dialog.close()
+    },
+  }))
+
+  function handleSubmit(e: SubmitEvent) {
+    e.preventDefault()
+    if (saveMutation.isPending) return
+    saveMutation.mutate()
  }

  return (
@@ -246,8 +245,8 @@ export function DialogEditProject(props: { project: LocalProject }) {
          <Button type="button" variant="ghost" size="large" onClick={() => dialog.close()}>
            {language.t("common.cancel")}
          </Button>
-          <Button type="submit" variant="primary" size="large" disabled={store.saving}>
-            {store.saving ? language.t("common.saving") : language.t("common.save")}
+          <Button type="submit" variant="primary" size="large" disabled={saveMutation.isPending}>
+            {saveMutation.isPending ? language.t("common.saving") : language.t("common.save")}
          </Button>
        </div>
      </form>
--- a/packages/app/src/components/dialog-select-mcp.tsx
+++ b/packages/app/src/components/dialog-select-mcp.tsx
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-import { Component, createMemo, createSignal, Show } from "solid-js"
+import { useMutation } from "@tanstack/solid-query"
+import { Component, createMemo, Show } from "solid-js"
 import { useSync } from "@/context/sync"
 import { useSDK } from "@/context/sdk"
 import { Dialog } from "@opencode-ai/ui/dialog"
@@ -17,7 +18,6 @@ export const DialogSelectMcp: Component = () => {
  const sync = useSync()
  const sdk = useSDK()
  const language = useLanguage()
-  const [loading, setLoading] = createSignal<string | null>(null)

  const items = createMemo(() =>
    Object.entries(sync.data.mcp ?? {})
@@ -25,10 +25,8 @@ export const DialogSelectMcp: Component = () => {
      .sort((a, b) => a.name.localeCompare(b.name)),
  )

-  const toggle = async (name: string) => {
-    if (loading()) return
-    setLoading(name)
-    try {
+  const toggle = useMutation(() => ({
+    mutationFn: async (name: string) => {
      const status = sync.data.mcp[name]
      if (status?.status === "connected") {
        await sdk.client.mcp.disconnect({ name })
@@ -38,10 +36,8 @@ export const DialogSelectMcp: Component = () => {

      const result = await sdk.client.mcp.status()
      if (result.data) sync.set("mcp", result.data)
-    } finally {
-      setLoading(null)
-    }
-  }
+    },
+  }))

  const enabledCount = createMemo(() => items().filter((i) => i.status === "connected").length)
  const totalCount = createMemo(() => items().length)
@@ -59,7 +55,8 @@ export const DialogSelectMcp: Component = () => {
        filterKeys={["name", "status"]}
        sortBy={(a, b) => a.name.localeCompare(b.name)}
        onSelect={(x) => {
-          if (x) toggle(x.name)
+          if (!x || toggle.isPending) return
+          toggle.mutate(x.name)
        }}
      >
        {(i) => {
@@ -83,7 +80,7 @@ export const DialogSelectMcp: Component = () => {
                  <Show when={statusLabel()}>
                    <span class="text-11-regular text-text-weaker">{statusLabel()}</span>
                  </Show>
-                  <Show when={loading() === i.name}>
+                  <Show when={toggle.isPending && toggle.variables === i.name}>
                    <span class="text-11-regular text-text-weak">{language.t("common.loading.ellipsis")}</span>
                  </Show>
                </div>
@@ -92,7 +89,14 @@ export const DialogSelectMcp: Component = () => {
                </Show>
              </div>
              <div onClick={(e) => e.stopPropagation()}>
-                <Switch checked={enabled()} disabled={loading() === i.name} onChange={() => toggle(i.name)} />
+                <Switch
+                  checked={enabled()}
+                  disabled={toggle.isPending && toggle.variables === i.name}
+                  onChange={() => {
+                    if (toggle.isPending) return
+                    toggle.mutate(i.name)
+                  }}
+                />
              </div>
            </div>
          )
--- a/packages/app/src/components/dialog-select-server.tsx
+++ b/packages/app/src/components/dialog-select-server.tsx
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import { Icon } from "@opencode-ai/ui/icon"
 import { IconButton } from "@opencode-ai/ui/icon-button"
 import { List } from "@opencode-ai/ui/list"
 import { TextField } from "@opencode-ai/ui/text-field"
+import { useMutation } from "@tanstack/solid-query"
 import { showToast } from "@opencode-ai/ui/toast"
 import { useNavigate } from "@solidjs/router"
 import { createEffect, createMemo, createResource, onCleanup, Show } from "solid-js"
@@ -186,7 +187,6 @@ export function DialogSelectServer() {
      name: "",
      username: DEFAULT_USERNAME,
      password: "",
-      adding: false,
      error: "",
      showForm: false,
      status: undefined as boolean | undefined,
@@ -198,7 +198,6 @@ export function DialogSelectServer() {
      username: "",
      password: "",
      error: "",
-      busy: false,
      status: undefined as boolean | undefined,
    },
  })
@@ -209,7 +208,6 @@ export function DialogSelectServer() {
      name: "",
      username: DEFAULT_USERNAME,
      password: "",
-      adding: false,
      error: "",
      showForm: false,
      status: undefined,
@@ -224,10 +222,78 @@ export function DialogSelectServer() {
      password: "",
      error: "",
      status: undefined,
-      busy: false,
    })
  }

+  const addMutation = useMutation(() => ({
+    mutationFn: async (value: string) => {
+      const normalized = normalizeServerUrl(value)
+      if (!normalized) {
+        resetAdd()
+        return
+      }
+
+      const conn: ServerConnection.Http = {
+        type: "http",
+        http: { url: normalized },
+      }
+      if (store.addServer.name.trim()) conn.displayName = store.addServer.name.trim()
+      if (store.addServer.password) conn.http.password = store.addServer.password
+      if (store.addServer.password && store.addServer.username) conn.http.username = store.addServer.username
+      const result = await checkServerHealth(conn.http)
+      if (!result.healthy) {
+        setStore("addServer", { error: language.t("dialog.server.add.error") })
+        return
+      }
+
+      resetAdd()
+      await select(conn, true)
+    },
+  }))
+
+  const editMutation = useMutation(() => ({
+    mutationFn: async (input: { original: ServerConnection.Any; value: string }) => {
+      if (input.original.type !== "http") return
+      const normalized = normalizeServerUrl(input.value)
+      if (!normalized) {
+        resetEdit()
+        return
+      }
+
+      const name = store.editServer.name.trim() || undefined
+      const username = store.editServer.username || undefined
+      const password = store.editServer.password || undefined
+      const existingName = input.original.displayName
+      if (
+        normalized === input.original.http.url &&
+        name === existingName &&
+        username === input.original.http.username &&
+        password === input.original.http.password
+      ) {
+        resetEdit()
+        return
+      }
+
+      const conn: ServerConnection.Http = {
+        type: "http",
+        displayName: name,
+        http: { url: normalized, username, password },
+      }
+      const result = await checkServerHealth(conn.http)
+      if (!result.healthy) {
+        setStore("editServer", { error: language.t("dialog.server.add.error") })
+        return
+      }
+      if (normalized === input.original.http.url) {
+        server.add(conn)
+      } else {
+        replaceServer(input.original, conn)
+      }
+
+      resetEdit()
+    },
+  }))
+
  const replaceServer = (original: ServerConnection.Http, next: ServerConnection.Http) => {
    const active = server.key
    const newConn = server.add(next)
@@ -296,7 +362,7 @@ export function DialogSelectServer() {
  }

  const handleAddChange = (value: string) => {
-    if (store.addServer.adding) return
+    if (addMutation.isPending) return
    setStore("addServer", { url: value, error: "" })
    void previewStatus(value, store.addServer.username, store.addServer.password, (next) =>
      setStore("addServer", { status: next }),
@@ -304,12 +370,12 @@ export function DialogSelectServer() {
  }

  const handleAddNameChange = (value: string) => {
-    if (store.addServer.adding) return
+    if (addMutation.isPending) return
    setStore("addServer", { name: value, error: "" })
  }

  const handleAddUsernameChange = (value: string) => {
-    if (store.addServer.adding) return
+    if (addMutation.isPending) return
    setStore("addServer", { username: value, error: "" })
    void previewStatus(store.addServer.url, value, store.addServer.password, (next) =>
      setStore("addServer", { status: next }),
@@ -317,7 +383,7 @@ export function DialogSelectServer() {
  }

  const handleAddPasswordChange = (value: string) => {
-    if (store.addServer.adding) return
+    if (addMutation.isPending) return
    setStore("addServer", { password: value, error: "" })
    void previewStatus(store.addServer.url, store.addServer.username, value, (next) =>
      setStore("addServer", { status: next }),
@@ -325,7 +391,7 @@ export function DialogSelectServer() {
  }

  const handleEditChange = (value: string) => {
-    if (store.editServer.busy) return
+    if (editMutation.isPending) return
    setStore("editServer", { value, error: "" })
    void previewStatus(value, store.editServer.username, store.editServer.password, (next) =>
      setStore("editServer", { status: next }),
@@ -333,12 +399,12 @@ export function DialogSelectServer() {
  }

  const handleEditNameChange = (value: string) => {
-    if (store.editServer.busy) return
+    if (editMutation.isPending) return
    setStore("editServer", { name: value, error: "" })
  }

  const handleEditUsernameChange = (value: string) => {
-    if (store.editServer.busy) return
+    if (editMutation.isPending) return
    setStore("editServer", { username: value, error: "" })
    void previewStatus(store.editServer.value, value, store.editServer.password, (next) =>
      setStore("editServer", { status: next }),
@@ -346,85 +412,13 @@ export function DialogSelectServer() {
  }

  const handleEditPasswordChange = (value: string) => {
-    if (store.editServer.busy) return
+    if (editMutation.isPending) return
    setStore("editServer", { password: value, error: "" })
    void previewStatus(store.editServer.value, store.editServer.username, value, (next) =>
      setStore("editServer", { status: next }),
    )
  }

-  async function handleAdd(value: string) {
-    if (store.addServer.adding) return
-    const normalized = normalizeServerUrl(value)
-    if (!normalized) {
-      resetAdd()
-      return
-    }
-
-    setStore("addServer", { adding: true, error: "" })
-
-    const conn: ServerConnection.Http = {
-      type: "http",
-      http: { url: normalized },
-    }
-    if (store.addServer.name.trim()) conn.displayName = store.addServer.name.trim()
-    if (store.addServer.password) conn.http.password = store.addServer.password
-    if (store.addServer.password && store.addServer.username) conn.http.username = store.addServer.username
-    const result = await checkServerHealth(conn.http)
-    setStore("addServer", { adding: false })
-    if (!result.healthy) {
-      setStore("addServer", { error: language.t("dialog.server.add.error") })
-      return
-    }
-
-    resetAdd()
-    await select(conn, true)
-  }
-
-  async function handleEdit(original: ServerConnection.Any, value: string) {
-    if (store.editServer.busy || original.type !== "http") return
-    const normalized = normalizeServerUrl(value)
-    if (!normalized) {
-      resetEdit()
-      return
-    }
-
-    const name = store.editServer.name.trim() || undefined
-    const username = store.editServer.username || undefined
-    const password = store.editServer.password || undefined
-    const existingName = original.displayName
-    if (
-      normalized === original.http.url &&
-      name === existingName &&
-      username === original.http.username &&
-      password === original.http.password
-    ) {
-      resetEdit()
-      return
-    }
-
-    setStore("editServer", { busy: true, error: "" })
-
-    const conn: ServerConnection.Http = {
-      type: "http",
-      displayName: name,
-      http: { url: normalized, username, password },
-    }
-    const result = await checkServerHealth(conn.http)
-    setStore("editServer", { busy: false })
-    if (!result.healthy) {
-      setStore("editServer", { error: language.t("dialog.server.add.error") })
-      return
-    }
-    if (normalized === original.http.url) {
-      server.add(conn)
-    } else {
-      replaceServer(original, conn)
-    }
-
-    resetEdit()
-  }
-
  const mode = createMemo<"list" | "add" | "edit">(() => {
    if (store.editServer.id) return "edit"
    if (store.addServer.showForm) return "add"
@@ -464,23 +458,26 @@ export function DialogSelectServer() {
      password: conn.http.password ?? "",
      error: "",
      status: store.status[ServerConnection.key(conn)]?.healthy,
-      busy: false,
    })
  }

  const submitForm = () => {
    if (mode() === "add") {
-      void handleAdd(store.addServer.url)
+      if (addMutation.isPending) return
+      setStore("addServer", { error: "" })
+      addMutation.mutate(store.addServer.url)
      return
    }
    const original = editing()
    if (!original) return
-    void handleEdit(original, store.editServer.value)
+    if (editMutation.isPending) return
+    setStore("editServer", { error: "" })
+    editMutation.mutate({ original, value: store.editServer.value })
  }

  const isFormMode = createMemo(() => mode() !== "list")
  const isAddMode = createMemo(() => mode() === "add")
-  const formBusy = createMemo(() => (isAddMode() ? store.addServer.adding : store.editServer.busy))
+  const formBusy = createMemo(() => (isAddMode() ? addMutation.isPending : editMutation.isPending))

  const formTitle = createMemo(() => {
    if (!isFormMode()) return language.t("dialog.server.title")
--- a/packages/app/src/components/status-popover.tsx
+++ b/packages/app/src/components/status-popover.tsx
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import { Icon } from "@opencode-ai/ui/icon"
 import { Popover } from "@opencode-ai/ui/popover"
 import { Switch } from "@opencode-ai/ui/switch"
 import { Tabs } from "@opencode-ai/ui/tabs"
+import { useMutation } from "@tanstack/solid-query"
 import { showToast } from "@opencode-ai/ui/toast"
 import { useNavigate } from "@solidjs/router"
 import { type Accessor, createEffect, createMemo, createSignal, For, type JSXElement, onCleanup, Show } from "solid-js"
@@ -130,41 +131,30 @@ const useDefaultServerKey = (
  }
 }

-const useMcpToggle = (input: {
-  sync: ReturnType<typeof useSync>
-  sdk: ReturnType<typeof useSDK>
-  language: ReturnType<typeof useLanguage>
-}) => {
-  const [loading, setLoading] = createSignal<string | null>(null)
+const useMcpToggleMutation = () => {
+  const sync = useSync()
+  const sdk = useSDK()
+  const language = useLanguage()

-  const toggle = async (name: string) => {
-    if (loading()) return
-    setLoading(name)
-
-    try {
-      const status = input.sync.data.mcp[name]
-      await (status?.status === "connected"
-        ? input.sdk.client.mcp.disconnect({ name })
-        : input.sdk.client.mcp.connect({ name }))
-      const result = await input.sdk.client.mcp.status()
-      if (result.data) input.sync.set("mcp", result.data)
-    } catch (err) {
+  return useMutation(() => ({
+    mutationFn: async (name: string) => {
+      const status = sync.data.mcp[name]
+      await (status?.status === "connected" ? sdk.client.mcp.disconnect({ name }) : sdk.client.mcp.connect({ name }))
+      const result = await sdk.client.mcp.status()
+      if (result.data) sync.set("mcp", result.data)
+    },
+    onError: (err) => {
      showToast({
        variant: "error",
-        title: input.language.t("common.requestFailed"),
+        title: language.t("common.requestFailed"),
        description: err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err),
      })
-    } finally {
-      setLoading(null)
-    }
-  }
-
-  return { loading, toggle }
+    },
+  }))
 }

 export function StatusPopover() {
  const sync = useSync()
-  const sdk = useSDK()
  const server = useServer()
  const platform = usePlatform()
  const dialog = useDialog()
@@ -181,7 +171,7 @@ export function StatusPopover() {
  })
  const health = useServerHealth(servers)
  const sortedServers = createMemo(() => listServersByHealth(servers(), server.key, health))
-  const mcp = useMcpToggle({ sync, sdk, language })
+  const toggleMcp = useMcpToggleMutation()
  const defaultServer = useDefaultServerKey(platform.getDefaultServer)
  const mcpNames = createMemo(() => Object.keys(sync.data.mcp ?? {}).sort((a, b) => a.localeCompare(b)))
  const mcpStatus = (name: string) => sync.data.mcp?.[name]?.status
@@ -337,8 +327,11 @@ export function StatusPopover() {
                        <button
                          type="button"
                          class="flex items-center gap-2 w-full h-8 pl-3 pr-2 py-1 rounded-md hover:bg-surface-raised-base-hover transition-colors text-left"
-                          onClick={() => mcp.toggle(name)}
-                          disabled={mcp.loading() === name}
+                          onClick={() => {
+                            if (toggleMcp.isPending) return
+                            toggleMcp.mutate(name)
+                          }}
+                          disabled={toggleMcp.isPending && toggleMcp.variables === name}
                        >
                          <div
                            classList={{
@@ -354,8 +347,11 @@ export function StatusPopover() {
                          <div onClick={(event) => event.stopPropagation()}>
                            <Switch
                              checked={enabled()}
-                              disabled={mcp.loading() === name}
-                              onChange={() => mcp.toggle(name)}
+                              disabled={toggleMcp.isPending && toggleMcp.variables === name}
+                              onChange={() => {
+                                if (toggleMcp.isPending) return
+                                toggleMcp.mutate(name)
+                              }}
                            />
                          </div>
                        </button>
--- a/packages/app/src/i18n/en.ts
+++ b/packages/app/src/i18n/en.ts
@@ -23,6 +23,8 @@ export const dict = {

  "command.sidebar.toggle": "Toggle sidebar",
  "command.project.open": "Open project",
+  "command.project.previous": "Previous project",
+  "command.project.next": "Next project",
  "command.provider.connect": "Connect provider",
  "command.server.switch": "Switch server",
  "command.settings.open": "Open settings",
--- a/packages/app/src/pages/layout.tsx
+++ b/packages/app/src/pages/layout.tsx
@@ -936,6 +936,26 @@ export default function Layout(props: ParentProps) {
    navigateToSession(session)
  }

+  function navigateProjectByOffset(offset: number) {
+    const projects = layout.projects.list()
+    if (projects.length === 0) return
+
+    const current = currentProject()?.worktree
+    const fallback = currentDir() ? projectRoot(currentDir()) : undefined
+    const active = current ?? fallback
+    const index = active ? projects.findIndex((project) => project.worktree === active) : -1
+
+    const target =
+      index === -1
+        ? offset > 0
+          ? projects[0]
+          : projects[projects.length - 1]
+        : projects[(index + offset + projects.length) % projects.length]
+    if (!target) return
+
+    openProject(target.worktree)
+  }
+
  function navigateSessionByUnseen(offset: number) {
    const sessions = currentSessions()
    if (sessions.length === 0) return
@@ -1002,6 +1022,20 @@ export default function Layout(props: ParentProps) {
        keybind: "mod+o",
        onSelect: () => chooseProject(),
      },
+      {
+        id: "project.previous",
+        title: language.t("command.project.previous"),
+        category: language.t("command.category.project"),
+        keybind: "mod+alt+arrowup",
+        onSelect: () => navigateProjectByOffset(-1),
+      },
+      {
+        id: "project.next",
+        title: language.t("command.project.next"),
+        category: language.t("command.category.project"),
+        keybind: "mod+alt+arrowdown",
+        onSelect: () => navigateProjectByOffset(1),
+      },
      {
        id: "provider.connect",
        title: language.t("command.provider.connect"),
--- a/packages/app/src/pages/session.tsx
+++ b/packages/app/src/pages/session.tsx
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import type { Project, UserMessage } from "@opencode-ai/sdk/v2"
 import { useDialog } from "@opencode-ai/ui/context/dialog"
+import { useMutation } from "@tanstack/solid-query"
 import {
  batch,
  onCleanup,
@@ -327,10 +328,7 @@ export default function Page() {
  })

  const [ui, setUi] = createStore({
-    git: false,
    pendingMessage: undefined as string | undefined,
-    restoring: undefined as string | undefined,
-    reverting: false,
    reviewSnap: false,
    scrollGesture: 0,
    scroll: {
@@ -506,7 +504,6 @@ export default function Page() {

  const [followup, setFollowup] = createStore({
    items: {} as Record<string, (FollowupDraft & { id: string })[] | undefined>,
-    sending: {} as Record<string, string | undefined>,
    failed: {} as Record<string, string | undefined>,
    paused: {} as Record<string, boolean | undefined>,
    edit: {} as Record<
@@ -644,25 +641,24 @@ export default function Page() {
    globalSync.set("project", [...list, next])
  }

+  const gitMutation = useMutation(() => ({
+    mutationFn: () => sdk.client.project.initGit(),
+    onSuccess: (x) => {
+      if (!x.data) return
+      upsert(x.data)
+    },
+    onError: (err) => {
+      showToast({
+        variant: "error",
+        title: language.t("common.requestFailed"),
+        description: formatServerError(err, language.t),
+      })
+    },
+  }))
+
  function initGit() {
-    if (ui.git) return
-    setUi("git", true)
-    void sdk.client.project
-      .initGit()
-      .then((x) => {
-        if (!x.data) return
-        upsert(x.data)
-      })
-      .catch((err) => {
-        showToast({
-          variant: "error",
-          title: language.t("common.requestFailed"),
-          description: formatServerError(err, language.t),
-        })
-      })
-      .finally(() => {
-        setUi("git", false)
-      })
+    if (gitMutation.isPending) return
+    gitMutation.mutate()
  }

  let inputRef!: HTMLDivElement
@@ -961,8 +957,8 @@ export default function Page() {
              {language.t("session.review.noVcs.createGit.description")}
            </div>
          </div>
-          <Button size="large" disabled={ui.git} onClick={initGit}>
-            {ui.git
+          <Button size="large" disabled={gitMutation.isPending} onClick={initGit}>
+            {gitMutation.isPending
              ? language.t("session.review.noVcs.createGit.actionLoading")
              : language.t("session.review.noVcs.createGit.action")}
          </Button>
@@ -1379,10 +1375,40 @@ export default function Page() {
    return followup.edit[id]
  })

+  const followupMutation = useMutation(() => ({
+    mutationFn: async (input: { sessionID: string; id: string; manual?: boolean }) => {
+      const item = (followup.items[input.sessionID] ?? []).find((entry) => entry.id === input.id)
+      if (!item) return
+
+      if (input.manual) setFollowup("paused", input.sessionID, undefined)
+      setFollowup("failed", input.sessionID, undefined)
+
+      const ok = await sendFollowupDraft({
+        client: sdk.client,
+        sync,
+        globalSync,
+        draft: item,
+        optimisticBusy: item.sessionDirectory === sdk.directory,
+      }).catch((err) => {
+        setFollowup("failed", input.sessionID, input.id)
+        fail(err)
+        return false
+      })
+      if (!ok) return
+
+      setFollowup("items", input.sessionID, (items) => (items ?? []).filter((entry) => entry.id !== input.id))
+      if (input.manual) resumeScroll()
+    },
+  }))
+
+  const followupBusy = (sessionID: string) =>
+    followupMutation.isPending && followupMutation.variables?.sessionID === sessionID
+
  const sendingFollowup = createMemo(() => {
    const id = params.id
    if (!id) return
-    return followup.sending[id]
+    if (!followupBusy(id)) return
+    return followupMutation.variables?.id
  })

  const queueEnabled = createMemo(() => {
@@ -1422,37 +1448,15 @@ export default function Page() {
  const sendFollowup = (sessionID: string, id: string, opts?: { manual?: boolean }) => {
    const item = (followup.items[sessionID] ?? []).find((entry) => entry.id === id)
    if (!item) return Promise.resolve()
-    if (followup.sending[sessionID]) return Promise.resolve()
+    if (followupBusy(sessionID)) return Promise.resolve()

-    if (opts?.manual) setFollowup("paused", sessionID, undefined)
-    setFollowup("sending", sessionID, id)
-    setFollowup("failed", sessionID, undefined)
-
-    return sendFollowupDraft({
-      client: sdk.client,
-      sync,
-      globalSync,
-      draft: item,
-      optimisticBusy: item.sessionDirectory === sdk.directory,
-    })
-      .then((ok) => {
-        if (ok === false) return
-        setFollowup("items", sessionID, (items) => (items ?? []).filter((entry) => entry.id !== id))
-        if (opts?.manual) resumeScroll()
-      })
-      .catch((err) => {
-        setFollowup("failed", sessionID, id)
-        fail(err)
-      })
-      .finally(() => {
-        setFollowup("sending", sessionID, (value) => (value === id ? undefined : value))
-      })
+    return followupMutation.mutateAsync({ sessionID, id, manual: opts?.manual })
  }

  const editFollowup = (id: string) => {
    const sessionID = params.id
    if (!sessionID) return
-    if (followup.sending[sessionID]) return
+    if (followupBusy(sessionID)) return

    const item = queuedFollowups().find((entry) => entry.id === id)
    if (!item) return
@@ -1475,6 +1479,74 @@ export default function Page() {
  const halt = (sessionID: string) =>
    busy(sessionID) ? sdk.client.session.abort({ sessionID }).catch(() => {}) : Promise.resolve()

+  const revertMutation = useMutation(() => ({
+    mutationFn: async (input: { sessionID: string; messageID: string }) => {
+      const prev = prompt.current().slice()
+      const last = info()?.revert
+      const value = draft(input.messageID)
+      batch(() => {
+        roll(input.sessionID, { messageID: input.messageID })
+        prompt.set(value)
+      })
+      await halt(input.sessionID)
+        .then(() => sdk.client.session.revert(input))
+        .then((result) => {
+          if (result.data) merge(result.data)
+        })
+        .catch((err) => {
+          batch(() => {
+            roll(input.sessionID, last)
+            prompt.set(prev)
+          })
+          fail(err)
+        })
+    },
+  }))
+
+  const restoreMutation = useMutation(() => ({
+    mutationFn: async (id: string) => {
+      const sessionID = params.id
+      if (!sessionID) return
+
+      const next = userMessages().find((item) => item.id > id)
+      const prev = prompt.current().slice()
+      const last = info()?.revert
+
+      batch(() => {
+        roll(sessionID, next ? { messageID: next.id } : undefined)
+        if (next) {
+          prompt.set(draft(next.id))
+          return
+        }
+        prompt.reset()
+      })
+
+      const task = !next
+        ? halt(sessionID).then(() => sdk.client.session.unrevert({ sessionID }))
+        : halt(sessionID).then(() =>
+            sdk.client.session.revert({
+              sessionID,
+              messageID: next.id,
+            }),
+          )
+
+      await task
+        .then((result) => {
+          if (result.data) merge(result.data)
+        })
+        .catch((err) => {
+          batch(() => {
+            roll(sessionID, last)
+            prompt.set(prev)
+          })
+          fail(err)
+        })
+    },
+  }))
+
+  const reverting = createMemo(() => revertMutation.isPending || restoreMutation.isPending)
+  const restoring = createMemo(() => (restoreMutation.isPending ? restoreMutation.variables : undefined))
+
  const fork = (input: { sessionID: string; messageID: string }) => {
    const value = draft(input.messageID)
    const dir = base64Encode(sdk.directory)
@@ -1496,77 +1568,13 @@ export default function Page() {
  }

  const revert = (input: { sessionID: string; messageID: string }) => {
-    if (ui.reverting || ui.restoring) return
-    const prev = prompt.current().slice()
-    const last = info()?.revert
-    const value = draft(input.messageID)
-    batch(() => {
-      setUi("reverting", true)
-      roll(input.sessionID, { messageID: input.messageID })
-      prompt.set(value)
-    })
-    return halt(input.sessionID)
-      .then(() => sdk.client.session.revert(input))
-      .then((result) => {
-        if (result.data) merge(result.data)
-      })
-      .catch((err) => {
-        batch(() => {
-          roll(input.sessionID, last)
-          prompt.set(prev)
-        })
-        fail(err)
-      })
-      .finally(() => {
-        setUi("reverting", false)
-      })
+    if (reverting()) return
+    return revertMutation.mutateAsync(input)
  }

  const restore = (id: string) => {
-    const sessionID = params.id
-    if (!sessionID || ui.restoring || ui.reverting) return
-
-    const next = userMessages().find((item) => item.id > id)
-    const prev = prompt.current().slice()
-    const last = info()?.revert
-
-    batch(() => {
-      setUi("restoring", id)
-      setUi("reverting", true)
-      roll(sessionID, next ? { messageID: next.id } : undefined)
-      if (next) {
-        prompt.set(draft(next.id))
-        return
-      }
-      prompt.reset()
-    })
-
-    const task = !next
-      ? halt(sessionID).then(() => sdk.client.session.unrevert({ sessionID }))
-      : halt(sessionID).then(() =>
-          sdk.client.session.revert({
-            sessionID,
-            messageID: next.id,
-          }),
-        )
-
-    return task
-      .then((result) => {
-        if (result.data) merge(result.data)
-      })
-      .catch((err) => {
-        batch(() => {
-          roll(sessionID, last)
-          prompt.set(prev)
-        })
-        fail(err)
-      })
-      .finally(() => {
-        batch(() => {
-          setUi("restoring", (value) => (value === id ? undefined : value))
-          setUi("reverting", false)
-        })
-      })
+    if (!params.id || reverting()) return
+    return restoreMutation.mutateAsync(id)
  }

  const rolled = createMemo(() => {
@@ -1585,7 +1593,7 @@ export default function Page() {

    const item = queuedFollowups()[0]
    if (!item) return
-    if (followup.sending[sessionID]) return
+    if (followupBusy(sessionID)) return
    if (followup.failed[sessionID] === item.id) return
    if (followup.paused[sessionID]) return
    if (composer.blocked()) return
@@ -1780,8 +1788,8 @@ export default function Page() {
              rolled().length > 0
                ? {
                    items: rolled(),
-                    restoring: ui.restoring,
-                    disabled: ui.reverting,
+                    restoring: restoring(),
+                    disabled: reverting(),
                    onRestore: restore,
                  }
                : undefined
--- a/packages/app/src/pages/session/composer/session-question-dock.tsx
+++ b/packages/app/src/pages/session/composer/session-question-dock.tsx
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { For, Show, createMemo, onCleanup, onMount, type Component } from "solid-js"
 import { createStore } from "solid-js/store"
+import { useMutation } from "@tanstack/solid-query"
 import { Button } from "@opencode-ai/ui/button"
 import { DockPrompt } from "@opencode-ai/ui/dock-prompt"
 import { Icon } from "@opencode-ai/ui/icon"
@@ -24,7 +25,6 @@ export const SessionQuestionDock: Component<{ request: QuestionRequest; onSubmit
    custom: cached?.custom ?? ([] as string[]),
    customOn: cached?.customOn ?? ([] as boolean[]),
    editing: false,
-    sending: false,
  })

  let root: HTMLDivElement | undefined
@@ -126,36 +126,40 @@ export const SessionQuestionDock: Component<{ request: QuestionRequest; onSubmit
    showToast({ title: language.t("common.requestFailed"), description: message })
  }

-  const reply = async (answers: QuestionAnswer[]) => {
-    if (store.sending) return
-
-    props.onSubmit()
-    setStore("sending", true)
-    try {
-      await sdk.client.question.reply({ requestID: props.request.id, answers })
+  const replyMutation = useMutation(() => ({
+    mutationFn: (answers: QuestionAnswer[]) => sdk.client.question.reply({ requestID: props.request.id, answers }),
+    onMutate: () => {
+      props.onSubmit()
+    },
+    onSuccess: () => {
      replied = true
      cache.delete(props.request.id)
-    } catch (err) {
-      fail(err)
-    } finally {
-      setStore("sending", false)
-    }
+    },
+    onError: fail,
+  }))
+
+  const rejectMutation = useMutation(() => ({
+    mutationFn: () => sdk.client.question.reject({ requestID: props.request.id }),
+    onMutate: () => {
+      props.onSubmit()
+    },
+    onSuccess: () => {
+      replied = true
+      cache.delete(props.request.id)
+    },
+    onError: fail,
+  }))
+
+  const sending = createMemo(() => replyMutation.isPending || rejectMutation.isPending)
+
+  const reply = async (answers: QuestionAnswer[]) => {
+    if (sending()) return
+    await replyMutation.mutateAsync(answers)
  }

  const reject = async () => {
-    if (store.sending) return
-
-    props.onSubmit()
-    setStore("sending", true)
-    try {
-      await sdk.client.question.reject({ requestID: props.request.id })
-      replied = true
-      cache.delete(props.request.id)
-    } catch (err) {
-      fail(err)
-    } finally {
-      setStore("sending", false)
-    }
+    if (sending()) return
+    await rejectMutation.mutateAsync()
  }

  const submit = () => void reply(questions().map((_, i) => store.answers[i] ?? []))
@@ -175,7 +179,7 @@ export const SessionQuestionDock: Component<{ request: QuestionRequest; onSubmit
  }

  const customToggle = () => {
-    if (store.sending) return
+    if (sending()) return

    if (!multi()) {
      setStore("customOn", store.tab, true)
@@ -198,14 +202,14 @@ export const SessionQuestionDock: Component<{ request: QuestionRequest; onSubmit
  }

  const customOpen = () => {
-    if (store.sending) return
+    if (sending()) return
    if (!on()) setStore("customOn", store.tab, true)
    setStore("editing", true)
    customUpdate(input(), true)
  }

  const selectOption = (optIndex: number) => {
-    if (store.sending) return
+    if (sending()) return

    if (optIndex === options().length) {
      customOpen()
@@ -227,7 +231,7 @@ export const SessionQuestionDock: Component<{ request: QuestionRequest; onSubmit
  }

  const next = () => {
-    if (store.sending) return
+    if (sending()) return
    if (store.editing) commitCustom()

    if (store.tab >= total() - 1) {
@@ -240,14 +244,14 @@ export const SessionQuestionDock: Component<{ request: QuestionRequest; onSubmit
  }

  const back = () => {
-    if (store.sending) return
+    if (sending()) return
    if (store.tab <= 0) return
    setStore("tab", store.tab - 1)
    setStore("editing", false)
  }

  const jump = (tab: number) => {
-    if (store.sending) return
+    if (sending()) return
    setStore("tab", tab)
    setStore("editing", false)
  }
@@ -270,7 +274,7 @@ export const SessionQuestionDock: Component<{ request: QuestionRequest; onSubmit
                    (store.answers[i()]?.length ?? 0) > 0 ||
                    (store.customOn[i()] === true && (store.custom[i()] ?? "").trim().length > 0)
                  }
-                  disabled={store.sending}
+                  disabled={sending()}
                  onClick={() => jump(i())}
                  aria-label={`${language.t("ui.tool.questions")} ${i() + 1}`}
                />
@@ -281,16 +285,16 @@ export const SessionQuestionDock: Component<{ request: QuestionRequest; onSubmit
      }
      footer={
        <>
-          <Button variant="ghost" size="large" disabled={store.sending} onClick={reject}>
+          <Button variant="ghost" size="large" disabled={sending()} onClick={reject}>
            {language.t("ui.common.dismiss")}
          </Button>
          <div data-slot="question-footer-actions">
            <Show when={store.tab > 0}>
-              <Button variant="secondary" size="large" disabled={store.sending} onClick={back}>
+              <Button variant="secondary" size="large" disabled={sending()} onClick={back}>
                {language.t("ui.common.back")}
              </Button>
            </Show>
-            <Button variant={last() ? "primary" : "secondary"} size="large" disabled={store.sending} onClick={next}>
+            <Button variant={last() ? "primary" : "secondary"} size="large" disabled={sending()} onClick={next}>
              {last() ? language.t("ui.common.submit") : language.t("ui.common.next")}
            </Button>
          </div>
@@ -311,7 +315,7 @@ export const SessionQuestionDock: Component<{ request: QuestionRequest; onSubmit
                data-picked={picked()}
                role={multi() ? "checkbox" : "radio"}
                aria-checked={picked()}
-                disabled={store.sending}
+                disabled={sending()}
                onClick={() => selectOption(i())}
              >
                <span data-slot="question-option-check" aria-hidden="true">
@@ -345,7 +349,7 @@ export const SessionQuestionDock: Component<{ request: QuestionRequest; onSubmit
              data-picked={on()}
              role={multi() ? "checkbox" : "radio"}
              aria-checked={on()}
-              disabled={store.sending}
+              disabled={sending()}
              onClick={customOpen}
            >
              <span
@@ -377,7 +381,7 @@ export const SessionQuestionDock: Component<{ request: QuestionRequest; onSubmit
            role={multi() ? "checkbox" : "radio"}
            aria-checked={on()}
            onMouseDown={(e) => {
-              if (store.sending) {
+              if (sending()) {
                e.preventDefault()
                return
              }
@@ -419,7 +423,7 @@ export const SessionQuestionDock: Component<{ request: QuestionRequest; onSubmit
                placeholder={language.t("ui.question.custom.placeholder")}
                value={input()}
                rows={1}
-                disabled={store.sending}
+                disabled={sending()}
                onKeyDown={(e) => {
                  if (e.key === "Escape") {
                    e.preventDefault()
--- a/packages/app/src/pages/session/message-timeline.tsx
+++ b/packages/app/src/pages/session/message-timeline.tsx
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { For, createEffect, createMemo, on, onCleanup, Show, Index, type JSX } from "solid-js"
 import { createStore, produce } from "solid-js/store"
 import { useNavigate } from "@solidjs/router"
+import { useMutation } from "@tanstack/solid-query"
 import { Button } from "@opencode-ai/ui/button"
 import { FileIcon } from "@opencode-ai/ui/file-icon"
 import { Icon } from "@opencode-ai/ui/icon"
@@ -321,7 +322,6 @@ export function MessageTimeline(props: {
  const [title, setTitle] = createStore({
    draft: "",
    editing: false,
-    saving: false,
    menuOpen: false,
    pendingRename: false,
    pendingShare: false,
@@ -335,38 +335,6 @@ export function MessageTimeline(props: {

  let more: HTMLButtonElement | undefined

-  const [req, setReq] = createStore({ share: false, unshare: false })
-
-  const shareSession = () => {
-    const id = sessionID()
-    if (!id || req.share) return
-    if (!shareEnabled()) return
-    setReq("share", true)
-    globalSDK.client.session
-      .share({ sessionID: id, directory: sdk.directory })
-      .catch((err: unknown) => {
-        console.error("Failed to share session", err)
-      })
-      .finally(() => {
-        setReq("share", false)
-      })
-  }
-
-  const unshareSession = () => {
-    const id = sessionID()
-    if (!id || req.unshare) return
-    if (!shareEnabled()) return
-    setReq("unshare", true)
-    globalSDK.client.session
-      .unshare({ sessionID: id, directory: sdk.directory })
-      .catch((err: unknown) => {
-        console.error("Failed to unshare session", err)
-      })
-      .finally(() => {
-        setReq("unshare", false)
-      })
-  }
-
  const viewShare = () => {
    const url = shareUrl()
    if (!url) return
@@ -382,6 +350,54 @@ export function MessageTimeline(props: {
    return language.t("common.requestFailed")
  }

+  const shareMutation = useMutation(() => ({
+    mutationFn: (id: string) => globalSDK.client.session.share({ sessionID: id, directory: sdk.directory }),
+    onError: (err) => {
+      console.error("Failed to share session", err)
+    },
+  }))
+
+  const unshareMutation = useMutation(() => ({
+    mutationFn: (id: string) => globalSDK.client.session.unshare({ sessionID: id, directory: sdk.directory }),
+    onError: (err) => {
+      console.error("Failed to unshare session", err)
+    },
+  }))
+
+  const titleMutation = useMutation(() => ({
+    mutationFn: (input: { id: string; title: string }) =>
+      sdk.client.session.update({ sessionID: input.id, title: input.title }),
+    onSuccess: (_, input) => {
+      sync.set(
+        produce((draft) => {
+          const index = draft.session.findIndex((s) => s.id === input.id)
+          if (index !== -1) draft.session[index].title = input.title
+        }),
+      )
+      setTitle("editing", false)
+    },
+    onError: (err) => {
+      showToast({
+        title: language.t("common.requestFailed"),
+        description: errorMessage(err),
+      })
+    },
+  }))
+
+  const shareSession = () => {
+    const id = sessionID()
+    if (!id || shareMutation.isPending) return
+    if (!shareEnabled()) return
+    shareMutation.mutate(id)
+  }
+
+  const unshareSession = () => {
+    const id = sessionID()
+    if (!id || unshareMutation.isPending) return
+    if (!shareEnabled()) return
+    unshareMutation.mutate(id)
+  }
+
  createEffect(
    on(
      sessionKey,
@@ -389,7 +405,6 @@ export function MessageTimeline(props: {
        setTitle({
          draft: "",
          editing: false,
-          saving: false,
          menuOpen: false,
          pendingRename: false,
          pendingShare: false,
@@ -408,40 +423,22 @@ export function MessageTimeline(props: {
  }

  const closeTitleEditor = () => {
-    if (title.saving) return
-    setTitle({ editing: false, saving: false })
+    if (titleMutation.isPending) return
+    setTitle("editing", false)
  }

-  const saveTitleEditor = async () => {
+  const saveTitleEditor = () => {
    const id = sessionID()
    if (!id) return
-    if (title.saving) return
+    if (titleMutation.isPending) return

    const next = title.draft.trim()
    if (!next || next === (titleValue() ?? "")) {
-      setTitle({ editing: false, saving: false })
+      setTitle("editing", false)
      return
    }

-    setTitle("saving", true)
-    await sdk.client.session
-      .update({ sessionID: id, title: next })
-      .then(() => {
-        sync.set(
-          produce((draft) => {
-            const index = draft.session.findIndex((s) => s.id === id)
-            if (index !== -1) draft.session[index].title = next
-          }),
-        )
-        setTitle({ editing: false, saving: false })
-      })
-      .catch((err) => {
-        setTitle("saving", false)
-        showToast({
-          title: language.t("common.requestFailed"),
-          description: errorMessage(err),
-        })
-      })
+    titleMutation.mutate({ id, title: next })
  }

  const navigateAfterSessionRemoval = (sessionID: string, parentID?: string, nextSessionID?: string) => {
@@ -712,7 +709,7 @@ export function MessageTimeline(props: {
                              titleRef = el
                            }}
                            value={title.draft}
-                            disabled={title.saving}
+                            disabled={titleMutation.isPending}
                            class="text-14-medium text-text-strong grow-1 min-w-0 rounded-[6px]"
                            style={{ "--inline-input-shadow": "var(--shadow-xs-border-select)" }}
                            onInput={(event) => setTitle("draft", event.currentTarget.value)}
@@ -863,9 +860,9 @@ export function MessageTimeline(props: {
                                        variant="primary"
                                        class="w-full"
                                        onClick={shareSession}
-                                        disabled={req.share}
+                                        disabled={shareMutation.isPending}
                                      >
-                                        {req.share
+                                        {shareMutation.isPending
                                          ? language.t("session.share.action.publishing")
                                          : language.t("session.share.action.publish")}
                                      </Button>
@@ -886,9 +883,9 @@ export function MessageTimeline(props: {
                                          variant="secondary"
                                          class="w-full shadow-none border border-border-weak-base"
                                          onClick={unshareSession}
-                                          disabled={req.unshare}
+                                          disabled={unshareMutation.isPending}
                                        >
-                                          {req.unshare
+                                          {unshareMutation.isPending
                                            ? language.t("session.share.action.unpublishing")
                                            : language.t("session.share.action.unpublish")}
                                        </Button>
@@ -897,7 +894,7 @@ export function MessageTimeline(props: {
                                          variant="primary"
                                          class="w-full"
                                          onClick={viewShare}
-                                          disabled={req.unshare}
+                                          disabled={unshareMutation.isPending}
                                        >
                                          {language.t("session.share.action.view")}
                                        </Button>
--- a/packages/console/app/src/routes/zen/util/handler.ts
+++ b/packages/console/app/src/routes/zen/util/handler.ts
@@ -24,7 +24,13 @@ import {
  FreeUsageLimitError,
  SubscriptionUsageLimitError,
 } from "./error"
-import { createBodyConverter, createStreamPartConverter, createResponseConverter, UsageInfo } from "./provider/provider"
+import {
+  buildCostChunk,
+  createBodyConverter,
+  createStreamPartConverter,
+  createResponseConverter,
+  UsageInfo,
+} from "./provider/provider"
 import { anthropicHelper } from "./provider/anthropic"
 import { googleHelper } from "./provider/google"
 import { openaiHelper } from "./provider/openai"
@@ -90,7 +96,7 @@ export async function handler(
    const projectId = input.request.headers.get("x-opencode-project") ?? ""
    const ocClient = input.request.headers.get("x-opencode-client") ?? ""
    logger.metric({
-      is_tream: isStream,
+      is_stream: isStream,
      session: sessionId,
      request: requestId,
      client: ocClient,
@@ -230,7 +236,7 @@ export async function handler(
      const body = JSON.stringify(
        responseConverter({
          ...json,
-          cost: calculateOccuredCost(billingSource, costInfo),
+          cost: calculateOccurredCost(billingSource, costInfo),
        }),
      )
      logger.metric({ response_length: body.length })
@@ -274,8 +280,8 @@ export async function handler(
                  await trialLimiter?.track(usageInfo)
                  await trackUsage(sessionId, billingSource, authInfo, modelInfo, providerInfo, usageInfo, costInfo)
                  await reload(billingSource, authInfo, costInfo)
-                  const cost = calculateOccuredCost(billingSource, costInfo)
-                  c.enqueue(encoder.encode(usageParser.buidlCostChunk(cost)))
+                  const cost = calculateOccurredCost(billingSource, costInfo)
+                  c.enqueue(encoder.encode(buildCostChunk(opts.format, cost)))
                }
                c.close()
                return
@@ -818,7 +824,7 @@ export async function handler(
    }
  }

-  function calculateOccuredCost(billingSource: BillingSource, costInfo: CostInfo) {
+  function calculateOccurredCost(billingSource: BillingSource, costInfo: CostInfo) {
    return billingSource === "balance" ? (costInfo.totalCostInCent / 100).toFixed(8) : "0"
  }

--- a/packages/console/app/src/routes/zen/util/provider/anthropic.ts
+++ b/packages/console/app/src/routes/zen/util/provider/anthropic.ts
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ export const anthropicHelper: ProviderHelper = ({ reqModel, providerModel }) =>
  const isBedrockModelArn = providerModel.startsWith("arn:aws:bedrock:")
  const isBedrockModelID = providerModel.startsWith("global.anthropic.")
  const isBedrock = isBedrockModelArn || isBedrockModelID
+  const isDatabricks = providerModel.startsWith("databricks-claude-")
  const supports1m = reqModel.includes("sonnet") || reqModel.includes("opus-4-6")
  return {
    format: "anthropic",
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ export const anthropicHelper: ProviderHelper = ({ reqModel, providerModel }) =>
        ? `${providerApi}/model/${isBedrockModelArn ? encodeURIComponent(providerModel) : providerModel}/${isStream ? "invoke-with-response-stream" : "invoke"}`
        : providerApi + "/messages",
    modifyHeaders: (headers: Headers, body: Record<string, any>, apiKey: string) => {
-      if (isBedrock) {
+      if (isBedrock || isDatabricks) {
        headers.set("Authorization", `Bearer ${apiKey}`)
      } else {
        headers.set("x-api-key", apiKey)
@@ -47,9 +48,14 @@ export const anthropicHelper: ProviderHelper = ({ reqModel, providerModel }) =>
            model: undefined,
            stream: undefined,
          }
-        : {
-            service_tier: "standard_only",
-          }),
+        : isDatabricks
+          ? {
+              anthropic_version: "bedrock-2023-05-31",
+              anthropic_beta: supports1m ? ["context-1m-2025-08-07"] : undefined,
+            }
+          : {
+              service_tier: "standard_only",
+            }),
    }),
    createBinaryStreamDecoder: () => {
      if (!isBedrock) return undefined
@@ -167,7 +173,6 @@ export const anthropicHelper: ProviderHelper = ({ reqModel, providerModel }) =>
          }
        },
        retrieve: () => usage,
-        buidlCostChunk: (cost: string) => `event: ping\ndata: ${JSON.stringify({ type: "ping", cost })}\n\n`,
      }
    },
    normalizeUsage: (usage: Usage) => ({
--- a/packages/console/app/src/routes/zen/util/provider/google.ts
+++ b/packages/console/app/src/routes/zen/util/provider/google.ts
@@ -56,7 +56,6 @@ export const googleHelper: ProviderHelper = ({ providerModel }) => ({
        usage = json.usageMetadata
      },
      retrieve: () => usage,
-      buidlCostChunk: (cost: string) => `data: ${JSON.stringify({ type: "ping", cost })}\n\n`,
    }
  },
  normalizeUsage: (usage: Usage) => {
--- a/packages/console/app/src/routes/zen/util/provider/openai-compatible.ts
+++ b/packages/console/app/src/routes/zen/util/provider/openai-compatible.ts
@@ -54,7 +54,6 @@ export const oaCompatHelper: ProviderHelper = () => ({
        usage = json.usage
      },
      retrieve: () => usage,
-      buidlCostChunk: (cost: string) => `data: ${JSON.stringify({ choices: [], cost })}\n\n`,
    }
  },
  normalizeUsage: (usage: Usage) => {
--- a/packages/console/app/src/routes/zen/util/provider/openai.ts
+++ b/packages/console/app/src/routes/zen/util/provider/openai.ts
@@ -44,7 +44,6 @@ export const openaiHelper: ProviderHelper = () => ({
        usage = json.response.usage
      },
      retrieve: () => usage,
-      buidlCostChunk: (cost: string) => `event: ping\ndata: ${JSON.stringify({ type: "ping", cost })}\n\n`,
    }
  },
  normalizeUsage: (usage: Usage) => {
--- a/packages/console/app/src/routes/zen/util/provider/provider.ts
+++ b/packages/console/app/src/routes/zen/util/provider/provider.ts
@@ -43,7 +43,6 @@ export type ProviderHelper = (input: { reqModel: string; providerModel: string }
  createUsageParser: () => {
    parse: (chunk: string) => void
    retrieve: () => any
-    buidlCostChunk: (cost: string) => string
  }
  normalizeUsage: (usage: any) => UsageInfo
 }
@@ -162,6 +161,19 @@ export interface CommonChunk {
  }
 }

+export function buildCostChunk(format: ZenData.Format, cost: string): string {
+  switch (format) {
+    case "anthropic":
+      return `event: ping\ndata: ${JSON.stringify({ type: "ping", cost })}\n\n`
+    case "openai":
+      return `event: ping\ndata: ${JSON.stringify({ type: "ping", cost })}\n\n`
+    case "oa-compat":
+      return `data: ${JSON.stringify({ choices: [], cost })}\n\n`
+    default:
+      return `data: ${JSON.stringify({ type: "ping", cost })}\n\n`
+  }
+}
+
 export function createBodyConverter(from: ZenData.Format, to: ZenData.Format) {
  return (body: any): any => {
    if (from === to) return body
--- a/packages/opencode/package.json
+++ b/packages/opencode/package.json
@@ -89,8 +89,6 @@
    "@ai-sdk/xai": "2.0.51",
    "@aws-sdk/credential-providers": "3.993.0",
    "@clack/prompts": "1.0.0-alpha.1",
-    "gitlab-ai-provider": "5.2.2",
-    "opencode-gitlab-auth": "2.0.0",
    "@effect/platform-node": "catalog:",
    "@hono/standard-validator": "0.1.5",
    "@hono/zod-validator": "catalog:",
@@ -103,8 +101,8 @@
    "@opencode-ai/sdk": "workspace:*",
    "@opencode-ai/util": "workspace:*",
    "@openrouter/ai-sdk-provider": "1.5.4",
-    "@opentui/core": "0.1.87",
-    "@opentui/solid": "0.1.87",
+    "@opentui/core": "0.1.88",
+    "@opentui/solid": "0.1.88",
    "@parcel/watcher": "2.5.1",
    "@pierre/diffs": "catalog:",
    "@solid-primitives/event-bus": "1.1.2",
@@ -123,6 +121,7 @@
    "drizzle-orm": "catalog:",
    "effect": "catalog:",
    "fuzzysort": "3.1.0",
+    "gitlab-ai-provider": "5.2.2",
    "glob": "13.0.5",
    "google-auth-library": "10.5.0",
    "gray-matter": "4.0.3",
@@ -133,6 +132,7 @@
    "mime-types": "3.0.2",
    "minimatch": "10.0.3",
    "open": "10.1.2",
+    "opencode-gitlab-auth": "2.0.0",
    "opentui-spinner": "0.0.6",
    "partial-json": "0.1.7",
    "remeda": "catalog:",
--- a/packages/opencode/script/build.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/script/build.ts
@@ -199,6 +199,19 @@ for (const item of targets) {
    },
  })

+  // Smoke test: only run if binary is for current platform
+  if (item.os === process.platform && item.arch === process.arch && !item.abi) {
+    const binaryPath = `dist/${name}/bin/opencode`
+    console.log(`Running smoke test: ${binaryPath} --version`)
+    try {
+      const versionOutput = await $`${binaryPath} --version`.text()
+      console.log(`Smoke test passed: ${versionOutput.trim()}`)
+    } catch (e) {
+      console.error(`Smoke test failed for ${name}:`, e)
+      process.exit(1)
+    }
+  }
+
  await $`rm -rf ./dist/${name}/bin/tui`
  await Bun.file(`dist/${name}/package.json`).write(
    JSON.stringify(
--- a/packages/opencode/script/seed-e2e.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/script/seed-e2e.ts
@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ const seed = async () => {
  const { Instance } = await import("../src/project/instance")
  const { InstanceBootstrap } = await import("../src/project/bootstrap")
  const { Config } = await import("../src/config/config")
-  const { disposeRuntime } = await import("../src/effect/runtime")
  const { Session } = await import("../src/session")
  const { MessageID, PartID } = await import("../src/session/schema")
  const { Project } = await import("../src/project/project")
@@ -55,7 +54,6 @@ const seed = async () => {
    })
  } finally {
    await Instance.disposeAll().catch(() => {})
-    await disposeRuntime().catch(() => {})
  }
 }

--- a/packages/opencode/specs/effect-migration.md
+++ b/packages/opencode/specs/effect-migration.md
@@ -4,18 +4,18 @@ Practical reference for new and migrated Effect code in `packages/opencode`.

 ## Choose scope

-Use the shared runtime for process-wide services with one lifecycle for the whole app.
+Use `InstanceState` (from `src/effect/instance-state.ts`) for services that need per-directory state, per-instance cleanup, or project-bound background work. InstanceState uses a `ScopedCache` keyed by directory, so each open project gets its own copy of the state that is automatically cleaned up on disposal.

-Use `src/effect/instances.ts` for services that are created per directory or need `InstanceContext`, per-project state, or per-instance cleanup.
+Use `makeRuntime` (from `src/effect/run-service.ts`) to create a per-service `ManagedRuntime` that lazily initializes and shares layers via a global `memoMap`. Returns `{ runPromise, runFork }`.

- Shared runtime: config readers, stateless helpers, global clients
- Instance-scoped: watchers, per-project caches, session state, project-bound background work
+- Global services (no per-directory state): Account, Auth, Installation, Truncate
+- Instance-scoped (per-directory state via InstanceState): File, FileTime, FileWatcher, Format, Permission, Question, Skill, Snapshot, Vcs, ProviderAuth

-Rule of thumb: if two open directories should not share one copy of the service, it belongs in `Instances`.
+Rule of thumb: if two open directories should not share one copy of the service, it needs `InstanceState`.

 ## Service shape

-For a fully migrated module, use the public namespace directly:
+Every service follows the same pattern — a single namespace with the service definition, layer, `runPromise`, and async facade functions:

 ```ts
 export namespace Foo {
@@ -28,53 +28,86 @@ export namespace Foo {
  export const layer = Layer.effect(
    Service,
    Effect.gen(function* () {
-      return Service.of({
-        get: Effect.fn("Foo.get")(function* (id) {
-          return yield* ...
-        }),
+      // For instance-scoped services:
+      const state = yield* InstanceState.make<State>(
+        Effect.fn("Foo.state")(() => Effect.succeed({ ... })),
+      )
+
+      const get = Effect.fn("Foo.get")(function* (id: FooID) {
+        const s = yield* InstanceState.get(state)
+        // ...
      })
+
+      return Service.of({ get })
    }),
  )

-  export const defaultLayer = layer.pipe(Layer.provide(FooRepo.defaultLayer))
+  // Optional: wire dependencies
+  export const defaultLayer = layer.pipe(Layer.provide(FooDep.layer))
+
+  // Per-service runtime (inside the namespace)
+  const { runPromise } = makeRuntime(Service, defaultLayer)
+
+  // Async facade functions
+  export async function get(id: FooID) {
+    return runPromise((svc) => svc.get(id))
+  }
 }
 ```

 Rules:

- Keep `Interface`, `Service`, `layer`, and `defaultLayer` on the owning namespace
- Export `defaultLayer` only when wiring dependencies is useful
- Use the direct namespace form once the module is fully migrated
+- Keep everything in one namespace, one file — no separate `service.ts` / `index.ts` split
+- `runPromise` goes inside the namespace (not exported unless tests need it)
+- Facade functions are plain `async function` — no `fn()` wrappers
+- Use `Effect.fn("Namespace.method")` for all Effect functions (for tracing)
+- No `Layer.fresh` — InstanceState handles per-directory isolation

-## Temporary mixed-mode pattern
+## Schema → Zod interop

-Prefer a single namespace whenever possible.
-
-Use a `*Effect` namespace only when there is a real mixed-mode split, usually because a legacy boundary facade still exists or because merging everything immediately would create awkward cycles.
+When a service uses Effect Schema internally but needs Zod schemas for the HTTP layer, derive Zod from Schema using the `zod()` helper from `@/util/effect-zod`:

 ```ts
-export namespace FooEffect {
-  export interface Interface {
-    readonly get: (id: FooID) => Effect.Effect<Foo, FooError>
-  }
+import { zod } from "@/util/effect-zod"

-  export class Service extends ServiceMap.Service<Service, Interface>()("@opencode/Foo") {}
-
-  export const layer = Layer.effect(...)
-}
+export const ZodInfo = zod(Info) // derives z.ZodType from Schema.Union
 ```

-Then keep the old boundary thin:
+See `Auth.ZodInfo` for the canonical example.
+
+## InstanceState init patterns
+
+The `InstanceState.make` init callback receives a `Scope`, so you can use `Effect.acquireRelease`, `Effect.addFinalizer`, and `Effect.forkScoped` inside it. Resources acquired this way are automatically cleaned up when the instance is disposed or invalidated by `ScopedCache`. This makes it the right place for:
+
+- **Subscriptions**: Use `Effect.acquireRelease` to subscribe and auto-unsubscribe:

 ```ts
-export namespace Foo {
-  export function get(id: FooID) {
-    return runtime.runPromise(FooEffect.Service.use((svc) => svc.get(id)))
-  }
-}
+const cache =
+  yield *
+  InstanceState.make<State>(
+    Effect.fn("Foo.state")(function* (ctx) {
+      // ... load state ...
+
+      yield* Effect.acquireRelease(
+        Effect.sync(() =>
+          Bus.subscribeAll((event) => {
+            /* handle */
+          }),
+        ),
+        (unsub) => Effect.sync(unsub),
+      )
+
+      return {
+        /* state */
+      }
+    }),
+  )
 ```

-Remove the `Effect` suffix when the boundary split is gone.
+- **Background fibers**: Use `Effect.forkScoped` — the fiber is interrupted on disposal.
+- **Side effects at init**: Config notification, event wiring, etc. all belong in the init closure. Callers just do `InstanceState.get(cache)` to trigger everything, and `ScopedCache` deduplicates automatically.
+
+The key insight: don't split init into a separate method with a `started` flag. Put everything in the `InstanceState.make` closure and let `ScopedCache` handle the run-once semantics.

 ## Scheduled Tasks

@@ -107,32 +140,33 @@ That is fine for leaf files like `schema.ts`. Keep the service surface in the ow

 ## Migration checklist

-Done now:
+Fully migrated (single namespace, InstanceState where needed, flattened facade):

- [x] `AccountEffect` (mixed-mode)
- [x] `AuthEffect` (mixed-mode)
- [x] `TruncateEffect` (mixed-mode)
- [x] `Question`
- [x] `PermissionNext`
- [x] `ProviderAuth`
- [x] `FileWatcher`
- [x] `FileTime`
- [x] `Format`
- [x] `Vcs`
- [x] `Skill`
- [x] `Discovery`
- [x] `File`
- [x] `Snapshot`
+- [x] `Account` — `account/index.ts`
+- [x] `Auth` — `auth/index.ts` (uses `zod()` helper for Schema→Zod interop)
+- [x] `File` — `file/index.ts`
+- [x] `FileTime` — `file/time.ts`
+- [x] `FileWatcher` — `file/watcher.ts`
+- [x] `Format` — `format/index.ts`
+- [x] `Installation` — `installation/index.ts`
+- [x] `Permission` — `permission/index.ts`
+- [x] `ProviderAuth` — `provider/auth.ts`
+- [x] `Question` — `question/index.ts`
+- [x] `Skill` — `skill/index.ts`
+- [x] `Snapshot` — `snapshot/index.ts`
+- [x] `Truncate` — `tool/truncate.ts`
+- [x] `Vcs` — `project/vcs.ts`
+- [x] `Discovery` — `skill/discovery.ts`
+- [x] `SessionStatus`

 Still open and likely worth migrating:

 - [x] `Plugin`
- [ ] `ToolRegistry`
+- [x] `ToolRegistry`
 - [ ] `Pty`
 - [ ] `Worktree`
- [ ] `Installation`
 - [ ] `Bus`
- [ ] `Command`
+- [x] `Command`
 - [ ] `Config`
 - [ ] `Session`
 - [ ] `SessionProcessor`
--- a/packages/opencode/src/account/effect.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/account/effect.ts
@@ -1,380 +0,0 @@
-import { Clock, Duration, Effect, Layer, Option, Schema, SchemaGetter, ServiceMap } from "effect"
-import { FetchHttpClient, HttpClient, HttpClientRequest, HttpClientResponse } from "effect/unstable/http"
-
-import { withTransientReadRetry } from "@/util/effect-http-client"
-import { AccountRepo, type AccountRow } from "./repo"
-import {
-  type AccountError,
-  AccessToken,
-  AccountID,
-  DeviceCode,
-  Info,
-  RefreshToken,
-  AccountServiceError,
-  Login,
-  Org,
-  OrgID,
-  PollDenied,
-  PollError,
-  PollExpired,
-  PollPending,
-  type PollResult,
-  PollSlow,
-  PollSuccess,
-  UserCode,
-} from "./schema"
-
-export {
-  AccountID,
-  type AccountError,
-  AccountRepoError,
-  AccountServiceError,
-  AccessToken,
-  RefreshToken,
-  DeviceCode,
-  UserCode,
-  Info,
-  Org,
-  OrgID,
-  Login,
-  PollSuccess,
-  PollPending,
-  PollSlow,
-  PollExpired,
-  PollDenied,
-  PollError,
-  PollResult,
-} from "./schema"
-
-export type AccountOrgs = {
-  account: Info
-  orgs: readonly Org[]
-}
-
-class RemoteConfig extends Schema.Class<RemoteConfig>("RemoteConfig")({
-  config: Schema.Record(Schema.String, Schema.Json),
-}) {}
-
-const DurationFromSeconds = Schema.Number.pipe(
-  Schema.decodeTo(Schema.Duration, {
-    decode: SchemaGetter.transform((n) => Duration.seconds(n)),
-    encode: SchemaGetter.transform((d) => Duration.toSeconds(d)),
-  }),
-)
-
-class TokenRefresh extends Schema.Class<TokenRefresh>("TokenRefresh")({
-  access_token: AccessToken,
-  refresh_token: RefreshToken,
-  expires_in: DurationFromSeconds,
-}) {}
-
-class DeviceAuth extends Schema.Class<DeviceAuth>("DeviceAuth")({
-  device_code: DeviceCode,
-  user_code: UserCode,
-  verification_uri_complete: Schema.String,
-  expires_in: DurationFromSeconds,
-  interval: DurationFromSeconds,
-}) {}
-
-class DeviceTokenSuccess extends Schema.Class<DeviceTokenSuccess>("DeviceTokenSuccess")({
-  access_token: AccessToken,
-  refresh_token: RefreshToken,
-  token_type: Schema.Literal("Bearer"),
-  expires_in: DurationFromSeconds,
-}) {}
-
-class DeviceTokenError extends Schema.Class<DeviceTokenError>("DeviceTokenError")({
-  error: Schema.String,
-  error_description: Schema.String,
-}) {
-  toPollResult(): PollResult {
-    if (this.error === "authorization_pending") return new PollPending()
-    if (this.error === "slow_down") return new PollSlow()
-    if (this.error === "expired_token") return new PollExpired()
-    if (this.error === "access_denied") return new PollDenied()
-    return new PollError({ cause: this.error })
-  }
-}
-
-const DeviceToken = Schema.Union([DeviceTokenSuccess, DeviceTokenError])
-
-class User extends Schema.Class<User>("User")({
-  id: AccountID,
-  email: Schema.String,
-}) {}
-
-class ClientId extends Schema.Class<ClientId>("ClientId")({ client_id: Schema.String }) {}
-
-class DeviceTokenRequest extends Schema.Class<DeviceTokenRequest>("DeviceTokenRequest")({
-  grant_type: Schema.String,
-  device_code: DeviceCode,
-  client_id: Schema.String,
-}) {}
-
-class TokenRefreshRequest extends Schema.Class<TokenRefreshRequest>("TokenRefreshRequest")({
-  grant_type: Schema.String,
-  refresh_token: RefreshToken,
-  client_id: Schema.String,
-}) {}
-
-const clientId = "opencode-cli"
-
-const mapAccountServiceError =
-  (message = "Account service operation failed") =>
-  <A, E, R>(effect: Effect.Effect<A, E, R>): Effect.Effect<A, AccountServiceError, R> =>
-    effect.pipe(
-      Effect.mapError((cause) =>
-        cause instanceof AccountServiceError ? cause : new AccountServiceError({ message, cause }),
-      ),
-    )
-
-export namespace Account {
-  export interface Interface {
-    readonly active: () => Effect.Effect<Option.Option<Info>, AccountError>
-    readonly list: () => Effect.Effect<Info[], AccountError>
-    readonly orgsByAccount: () => Effect.Effect<readonly AccountOrgs[], AccountError>
-    readonly remove: (accountID: AccountID) => Effect.Effect<void, AccountError>
-    readonly use: (accountID: AccountID, orgID: Option.Option<OrgID>) => Effect.Effect<void, AccountError>
-    readonly orgs: (accountID: AccountID) => Effect.Effect<readonly Org[], AccountError>
-    readonly config: (
-      accountID: AccountID,
-      orgID: OrgID,
-    ) => Effect.Effect<Option.Option<Record<string, unknown>>, AccountError>
-    readonly token: (accountID: AccountID) => Effect.Effect<Option.Option<AccessToken>, AccountError>
-    readonly login: (url: string) => Effect.Effect<Login, AccountError>
-    readonly poll: (input: Login) => Effect.Effect<PollResult, AccountError>
-  }
-
-  export class Service extends ServiceMap.Service<Service, Interface>()("@opencode/Account") {}
-
-  export const layer: Layer.Layer<Service, never, AccountRepo | HttpClient.HttpClient> = Layer.effect(
-    Service,
-    Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const repo = yield* AccountRepo
-      const http = yield* HttpClient.HttpClient
-      const httpRead = withTransientReadRetry(http)
-      const httpOk = HttpClient.filterStatusOk(http)
-      const httpReadOk = HttpClient.filterStatusOk(httpRead)
-
-      const executeRead = (request: HttpClientRequest.HttpClientRequest) =>
-        httpRead.execute(request).pipe(mapAccountServiceError("HTTP request failed"))
-
-      const executeReadOk = (request: HttpClientRequest.HttpClientRequest) =>
-        httpReadOk.execute(request).pipe(mapAccountServiceError("HTTP request failed"))
-
-      const executeEffectOk = <E>(request: Effect.Effect<HttpClientRequest.HttpClientRequest, E>) =>
-        request.pipe(
-          Effect.flatMap((req) => httpOk.execute(req)),
-          mapAccountServiceError("HTTP request failed"),
-        )
-
-      const executeEffect = <E>(request: Effect.Effect<HttpClientRequest.HttpClientRequest, E>) =>
-        request.pipe(
-          Effect.flatMap((req) => http.execute(req)),
-          mapAccountServiceError("HTTP request failed"),
-        )
-
-      const resolveToken = Effect.fnUntraced(function* (row: AccountRow) {
-        const now = yield* Clock.currentTimeMillis
-        if (row.token_expiry && row.token_expiry > now) return row.access_token
-
-        const response = yield* executeEffectOk(
-          HttpClientRequest.post(`${row.url}/auth/device/token`).pipe(
-            HttpClientRequest.acceptJson,
-            HttpClientRequest.schemaBodyJson(TokenRefreshRequest)(
-              new TokenRefreshRequest({
-                grant_type: "refresh_token",
-                refresh_token: row.refresh_token,
-                client_id: clientId,
-              }),
-            ),
-          ),
-        )
-
-        const parsed = yield* HttpClientResponse.schemaBodyJson(TokenRefresh)(response).pipe(
-          mapAccountServiceError("Failed to decode response"),
-        )
-
-        const expiry = Option.some(now + Duration.toMillis(parsed.expires_in))
-
-        yield* repo.persistToken({
-          accountID: row.id,
-          accessToken: parsed.access_token,
-          refreshToken: parsed.refresh_token,
-          expiry,
-        })
-
-        return parsed.access_token
-      })
-
-      const resolveAccess = Effect.fnUntraced(function* (accountID: AccountID) {
-        const maybeAccount = yield* repo.getRow(accountID)
-        if (Option.isNone(maybeAccount)) return Option.none()
-
-        const account = maybeAccount.value
-        const accessToken = yield* resolveToken(account)
-        return Option.some({ account, accessToken })
-      })
-
-      const fetchOrgs = Effect.fnUntraced(function* (url: string, accessToken: AccessToken) {
-        const response = yield* executeReadOk(
-          HttpClientRequest.get(`${url}/api/orgs`).pipe(
-            HttpClientRequest.acceptJson,
-            HttpClientRequest.bearerToken(accessToken),
-          ),
-        )
-
-        return yield* HttpClientResponse.schemaBodyJson(Schema.Array(Org))(response).pipe(
-          mapAccountServiceError("Failed to decode response"),
-        )
-      })
-
-      const fetchUser = Effect.fnUntraced(function* (url: string, accessToken: AccessToken) {
-        const response = yield* executeReadOk(
-          HttpClientRequest.get(`${url}/api/user`).pipe(
-            HttpClientRequest.acceptJson,
-            HttpClientRequest.bearerToken(accessToken),
-          ),
-        )
-
-        return yield* HttpClientResponse.schemaBodyJson(User)(response).pipe(
-          mapAccountServiceError("Failed to decode response"),
-        )
-      })
-
-      const token = Effect.fn("Account.token")((accountID: AccountID) =>
-        resolveAccess(accountID).pipe(Effect.map(Option.map((r) => r.accessToken))),
-      )
-
-      const orgsByAccount = Effect.fn("Account.orgsByAccount")(function* () {
-        const accounts = yield* repo.list()
-        const [errors, results] = yield* Effect.partition(
-          accounts,
-          (account) => orgs(account.id).pipe(Effect.map((orgs) => ({ account, orgs }))),
-          { concurrency: 3 },
-        )
-        for (const error of errors) {
-          yield* Effect.logWarning("failed to fetch orgs for account").pipe(
-            Effect.annotateLogs({ error: String(error) }),
-          )
-        }
-        return results
-      })
-
-      const orgs = Effect.fn("Account.orgs")(function* (accountID: AccountID) {
-        const resolved = yield* resolveAccess(accountID)
-        if (Option.isNone(resolved)) return []
-
-        const { account, accessToken } = resolved.value
-
-        return yield* fetchOrgs(account.url, accessToken)
-      })
-
-      const config = Effect.fn("Account.config")(function* (accountID: AccountID, orgID: OrgID) {
-        const resolved = yield* resolveAccess(accountID)
-        if (Option.isNone(resolved)) return Option.none()
-
-        const { account, accessToken } = resolved.value
-
-        const response = yield* executeRead(
-          HttpClientRequest.get(`${account.url}/api/config`).pipe(
-            HttpClientRequest.acceptJson,
-            HttpClientRequest.bearerToken(accessToken),
-            HttpClientRequest.setHeaders({ "x-org-id": orgID }),
-          ),
-        )
-
-        if (response.status === 404) return Option.none()
-
-        const ok = yield* HttpClientResponse.filterStatusOk(response).pipe(mapAccountServiceError())
-
-        const parsed = yield* HttpClientResponse.schemaBodyJson(RemoteConfig)(ok).pipe(
-          mapAccountServiceError("Failed to decode response"),
-        )
-        return Option.some(parsed.config)
-      })
-
-      const login = Effect.fn("Account.login")(function* (server: string) {
-        const response = yield* executeEffectOk(
-          HttpClientRequest.post(`${server}/auth/device/code`).pipe(
-            HttpClientRequest.acceptJson,
-            HttpClientRequest.schemaBodyJson(ClientId)(new ClientId({ client_id: clientId })),
-          ),
-        )
-
-        const parsed = yield* HttpClientResponse.schemaBodyJson(DeviceAuth)(response).pipe(
-          mapAccountServiceError("Failed to decode response"),
-        )
-        return new Login({
-          code: parsed.device_code,
-          user: parsed.user_code,
-          url: `${server}${parsed.verification_uri_complete}`,
-          server,
-          expiry: parsed.expires_in,
-          interval: parsed.interval,
-        })
-      })
-
-      const poll = Effect.fn("Account.poll")(function* (input: Login) {
-        const response = yield* executeEffect(
-          HttpClientRequest.post(`${input.server}/auth/device/token`).pipe(
-            HttpClientRequest.acceptJson,
-            HttpClientRequest.schemaBodyJson(DeviceTokenRequest)(
-              new DeviceTokenRequest({
-                grant_type: "urn:ietf:params:oauth:grant-type:device_code",
-                device_code: input.code,
-                client_id: clientId,
-              }),
-            ),
-          ),
-        )
-
-        const parsed = yield* HttpClientResponse.schemaBodyJson(DeviceToken)(response).pipe(
-          mapAccountServiceError("Failed to decode response"),
-        )
-
-        if (parsed instanceof DeviceTokenError) return parsed.toPollResult()
-        const accessToken = parsed.access_token
-
-        const user = fetchUser(input.server, accessToken)
-        const orgs = fetchOrgs(input.server, accessToken)
-
-        const [account, remoteOrgs] = yield* Effect.all([user, orgs], { concurrency: 2 })
-
-        // TODO: When there are multiple orgs, let the user choose
-        const firstOrgID = remoteOrgs.length > 0 ? Option.some(remoteOrgs[0].id) : Option.none<OrgID>()
-
-        const now = yield* Clock.currentTimeMillis
-        const expiry = now + Duration.toMillis(parsed.expires_in)
-        const refreshToken = parsed.refresh_token
-
-        yield* repo.persistAccount({
-          id: account.id,
-          email: account.email,
-          url: input.server,
-          accessToken,
-          refreshToken,
-          expiry,
-          orgID: firstOrgID,
-        })
-
-        return new PollSuccess({ email: account.email })
-      })
-
-      return Service.of({
-        active: repo.active,
-        list: repo.list,
-        orgsByAccount,
-        remove: repo.remove,
-        use: repo.use,
-        orgs,
-        config,
-        token,
-        login,
-        poll,
-      })
-    }),
-  )
-
-  export const defaultLayer = layer.pipe(Layer.provide(AccountRepo.layer), Layer.provide(FetchHttpClient.layer))
-}
--- a/packages/opencode/src/account/index.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/account/index.ts
@@ -1,34 +1,397 @@
-import { Effect, Option } from "effect"
+import { Clock, Duration, Effect, Layer, Option, Schema, SchemaGetter, ServiceMap } from "effect"
+import { FetchHttpClient, HttpClient, HttpClientRequest, HttpClientResponse } from "effect/unstable/http"

-import { Account as S, type AccountError, type AccessToken, AccountID, Info as Model, OrgID } from "./effect"
+import { makeRuntime } from "@/effect/run-service"
+import { withTransientReadRetry } from "@/util/effect-http-client"
+import { AccountRepo, type AccountRow } from "./repo"
+import {
+  type AccountError,
+  AccessToken,
+  AccountID,
+  DeviceCode,
+  Info,
+  RefreshToken,
+  AccountServiceError,
+  Login,
+  Org,
+  OrgID,
+  PollDenied,
+  PollError,
+  PollExpired,
+  PollPending,
+  type PollResult,
+  PollSlow,
+  PollSuccess,
+  UserCode,
+} from "./schema"

-export { AccessToken, AccountID, OrgID } from "./effect"
+export {
+  AccountID,
+  type AccountError,
+  AccountRepoError,
+  AccountServiceError,
+  AccessToken,
+  RefreshToken,
+  DeviceCode,
+  UserCode,
+  Info,
+  Org,
+  OrgID,
+  Login,
+  PollSuccess,
+  PollPending,
+  PollSlow,
+  PollExpired,
+  PollDenied,
+  PollError,
+  PollResult,
+} from "./schema"

-import { runtime } from "@/effect/runtime"
-
-function runSync<A>(f: (service: S.Interface) => Effect.Effect<A, AccountError>) {
-  return runtime.runSync(S.Service.use(f))
+export type AccountOrgs = {
+  account: Info
+  orgs: readonly Org[]
 }

-function runPromise<A>(f: (service: S.Interface) => Effect.Effect<A, AccountError>) {
-  return runtime.runPromise(S.Service.use(f))
+class RemoteConfig extends Schema.Class<RemoteConfig>("RemoteConfig")({
+  config: Schema.Record(Schema.String, Schema.Json),
+}) {}
+
+const DurationFromSeconds = Schema.Number.pipe(
+  Schema.decodeTo(Schema.Duration, {
+    decode: SchemaGetter.transform((n) => Duration.seconds(n)),
+    encode: SchemaGetter.transform((d) => Duration.toSeconds(d)),
+  }),
+)
+
+class TokenRefresh extends Schema.Class<TokenRefresh>("TokenRefresh")({
+  access_token: AccessToken,
+  refresh_token: RefreshToken,
+  expires_in: DurationFromSeconds,
+}) {}
+
+class DeviceAuth extends Schema.Class<DeviceAuth>("DeviceAuth")({
+  device_code: DeviceCode,
+  user_code: UserCode,
+  verification_uri_complete: Schema.String,
+  expires_in: DurationFromSeconds,
+  interval: DurationFromSeconds,
+}) {}
+
+class DeviceTokenSuccess extends Schema.Class<DeviceTokenSuccess>("DeviceTokenSuccess")({
+  access_token: AccessToken,
+  refresh_token: RefreshToken,
+  token_type: Schema.Literal("Bearer"),
+  expires_in: DurationFromSeconds,
+}) {}
+
+class DeviceTokenError extends Schema.Class<DeviceTokenError>("DeviceTokenError")({
+  error: Schema.String,
+  error_description: Schema.String,
+}) {
+  toPollResult(): PollResult {
+    if (this.error === "authorization_pending") return new PollPending()
+    if (this.error === "slow_down") return new PollSlow()
+    if (this.error === "expired_token") return new PollExpired()
+    if (this.error === "access_denied") return new PollDenied()
+    return new PollError({ cause: this.error })
+  }
 }

+const DeviceToken = Schema.Union([DeviceTokenSuccess, DeviceTokenError])
+
+class User extends Schema.Class<User>("User")({
+  id: AccountID,
+  email: Schema.String,
+}) {}
+
+class ClientId extends Schema.Class<ClientId>("ClientId")({ client_id: Schema.String }) {}
+
+class DeviceTokenRequest extends Schema.Class<DeviceTokenRequest>("DeviceTokenRequest")({
+  grant_type: Schema.String,
+  device_code: DeviceCode,
+  client_id: Schema.String,
+}) {}
+
+class TokenRefreshRequest extends Schema.Class<TokenRefreshRequest>("TokenRefreshRequest")({
+  grant_type: Schema.String,
+  refresh_token: RefreshToken,
+  client_id: Schema.String,
+}) {}
+
+const clientId = "opencode-cli"
+
+const mapAccountServiceError =
+  (message = "Account service operation failed") =>
+  <A, E, R>(effect: Effect.Effect<A, E, R>): Effect.Effect<A, AccountServiceError, R> =>
+    effect.pipe(
+      Effect.mapError((cause) =>
+        cause instanceof AccountServiceError ? cause : new AccountServiceError({ message, cause }),
+      ),
+    )
+
 export namespace Account {
-  export const Info = Model
-  export type Info = Model
+  export interface Interface {
+    readonly active: () => Effect.Effect<Option.Option<Info>, AccountError>
+    readonly list: () => Effect.Effect<Info[], AccountError>
+    readonly orgsByAccount: () => Effect.Effect<readonly AccountOrgs[], AccountError>
+    readonly remove: (accountID: AccountID) => Effect.Effect<void, AccountError>
+    readonly use: (accountID: AccountID, orgID: Option.Option<OrgID>) => Effect.Effect<void, AccountError>
+    readonly orgs: (accountID: AccountID) => Effect.Effect<readonly Org[], AccountError>
+    readonly config: (
+      accountID: AccountID,
+      orgID: OrgID,
+    ) => Effect.Effect<Option.Option<Record<string, unknown>>, AccountError>
+    readonly token: (accountID: AccountID) => Effect.Effect<Option.Option<AccessToken>, AccountError>
+    readonly login: (url: string) => Effect.Effect<Login, AccountError>
+    readonly poll: (input: Login) => Effect.Effect<PollResult, AccountError>
+  }

-  export function active(): Info | undefined {
-    return Option.getOrUndefined(runSync((service) => service.active()))
+  export class Service extends ServiceMap.Service<Service, Interface>()("@opencode/Account") {}
+
+  export const layer: Layer.Layer<Service, never, AccountRepo | HttpClient.HttpClient> = Layer.effect(
+    Service,
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const repo = yield* AccountRepo
+      const http = yield* HttpClient.HttpClient
+      const httpRead = withTransientReadRetry(http)
+      const httpOk = HttpClient.filterStatusOk(http)
+      const httpReadOk = HttpClient.filterStatusOk(httpRead)
+
+      const executeRead = (request: HttpClientRequest.HttpClientRequest) =>
+        httpRead.execute(request).pipe(mapAccountServiceError("HTTP request failed"))
+
+      const executeReadOk = (request: HttpClientRequest.HttpClientRequest) =>
+        httpReadOk.execute(request).pipe(mapAccountServiceError("HTTP request failed"))
+
+      const executeEffectOk = <E>(request: Effect.Effect<HttpClientRequest.HttpClientRequest, E>) =>
+        request.pipe(
+          Effect.flatMap((req) => httpOk.execute(req)),
+          mapAccountServiceError("HTTP request failed"),
+        )
+
+      const executeEffect = <E>(request: Effect.Effect<HttpClientRequest.HttpClientRequest, E>) =>
+        request.pipe(
+          Effect.flatMap((req) => http.execute(req)),
+          mapAccountServiceError("HTTP request failed"),
+        )
+
+      const resolveToken = Effect.fnUntraced(function* (row: AccountRow) {
+        const now = yield* Clock.currentTimeMillis
+        if (row.token_expiry && row.token_expiry > now) return row.access_token
+
+        const response = yield* executeEffectOk(
+          HttpClientRequest.post(`${row.url}/auth/device/token`).pipe(
+            HttpClientRequest.acceptJson,
+            HttpClientRequest.schemaBodyJson(TokenRefreshRequest)(
+              new TokenRefreshRequest({
+                grant_type: "refresh_token",
+                refresh_token: row.refresh_token,
+                client_id: clientId,
+              }),
+            ),
+          ),
+        )
+
+        const parsed = yield* HttpClientResponse.schemaBodyJson(TokenRefresh)(response).pipe(
+          mapAccountServiceError("Failed to decode response"),
+        )
+
+        const expiry = Option.some(now + Duration.toMillis(parsed.expires_in))
+
+        yield* repo.persistToken({
+          accountID: row.id,
+          accessToken: parsed.access_token,
+          refreshToken: parsed.refresh_token,
+          expiry,
+        })
+
+        return parsed.access_token
+      })
+
+      const resolveAccess = Effect.fnUntraced(function* (accountID: AccountID) {
+        const maybeAccount = yield* repo.getRow(accountID)
+        if (Option.isNone(maybeAccount)) return Option.none()
+
+        const account = maybeAccount.value
+        const accessToken = yield* resolveToken(account)
+        return Option.some({ account, accessToken })
+      })
+
+      const fetchOrgs = Effect.fnUntraced(function* (url: string, accessToken: AccessToken) {
+        const response = yield* executeReadOk(
+          HttpClientRequest.get(`${url}/api/orgs`).pipe(
+            HttpClientRequest.acceptJson,
+            HttpClientRequest.bearerToken(accessToken),
+          ),
+        )
+
+        return yield* HttpClientResponse.schemaBodyJson(Schema.Array(Org))(response).pipe(
+          mapAccountServiceError("Failed to decode response"),
+        )
+      })
+
+      const fetchUser = Effect.fnUntraced(function* (url: string, accessToken: AccessToken) {
+        const response = yield* executeReadOk(
+          HttpClientRequest.get(`${url}/api/user`).pipe(
+            HttpClientRequest.acceptJson,
+            HttpClientRequest.bearerToken(accessToken),
+          ),
+        )
+
+        return yield* HttpClientResponse.schemaBodyJson(User)(response).pipe(
+          mapAccountServiceError("Failed to decode response"),
+        )
+      })
+
+      const token = Effect.fn("Account.token")((accountID: AccountID) =>
+        resolveAccess(accountID).pipe(Effect.map(Option.map((r) => r.accessToken))),
+      )
+
+      const orgsByAccount = Effect.fn("Account.orgsByAccount")(function* () {
+        const accounts = yield* repo.list()
+        const [errors, results] = yield* Effect.partition(
+          accounts,
+          (account) => orgs(account.id).pipe(Effect.map((orgs) => ({ account, orgs }))),
+          { concurrency: 3 },
+        )
+        for (const error of errors) {
+          yield* Effect.logWarning("failed to fetch orgs for account").pipe(
+            Effect.annotateLogs({ error: String(error) }),
+          )
+        }
+        return results
+      })
+
+      const orgs = Effect.fn("Account.orgs")(function* (accountID: AccountID) {
+        const resolved = yield* resolveAccess(accountID)
+        if (Option.isNone(resolved)) return []
+
+        const { account, accessToken } = resolved.value
+
+        return yield* fetchOrgs(account.url, accessToken)
+      })
+
+      const config = Effect.fn("Account.config")(function* (accountID: AccountID, orgID: OrgID) {
+        const resolved = yield* resolveAccess(accountID)
+        if (Option.isNone(resolved)) return Option.none()
+
+        const { account, accessToken } = resolved.value
+
+        const response = yield* executeRead(
+          HttpClientRequest.get(`${account.url}/api/config`).pipe(
+            HttpClientRequest.acceptJson,
+            HttpClientRequest.bearerToken(accessToken),
+            HttpClientRequest.setHeaders({ "x-org-id": orgID }),
+          ),
+        )
+
+        if (response.status === 404) return Option.none()
+
+        const ok = yield* HttpClientResponse.filterStatusOk(response).pipe(mapAccountServiceError())
+
+        const parsed = yield* HttpClientResponse.schemaBodyJson(RemoteConfig)(ok).pipe(
+          mapAccountServiceError("Failed to decode response"),
+        )
+        return Option.some(parsed.config)
+      })
+
+      const login = Effect.fn("Account.login")(function* (server: string) {
+        const response = yield* executeEffectOk(
+          HttpClientRequest.post(`${server}/auth/device/code`).pipe(
+            HttpClientRequest.acceptJson,
+            HttpClientRequest.schemaBodyJson(ClientId)(new ClientId({ client_id: clientId })),
+          ),
+        )
+
+        const parsed = yield* HttpClientResponse.schemaBodyJson(DeviceAuth)(response).pipe(
+          mapAccountServiceError("Failed to decode response"),
+        )
+        return new Login({
+          code: parsed.device_code,
+          user: parsed.user_code,
+          url: `${server}${parsed.verification_uri_complete}`,
+          server,
+          expiry: parsed.expires_in,
+          interval: parsed.interval,
+        })
+      })
+
+      const poll = Effect.fn("Account.poll")(function* (input: Login) {
+        const response = yield* executeEffect(
+          HttpClientRequest.post(`${input.server}/auth/device/token`).pipe(
+            HttpClientRequest.acceptJson,
+            HttpClientRequest.schemaBodyJson(DeviceTokenRequest)(
+              new DeviceTokenRequest({
+                grant_type: "urn:ietf:params:oauth:grant-type:device_code",
+                device_code: input.code,
+                client_id: clientId,
+              }),
+            ),
+          ),
+        )
+
+        const parsed = yield* HttpClientResponse.schemaBodyJson(DeviceToken)(response).pipe(
+          mapAccountServiceError("Failed to decode response"),
+        )
+
+        if (parsed instanceof DeviceTokenError) return parsed.toPollResult()
+        const accessToken = parsed.access_token
+
+        const user = fetchUser(input.server, accessToken)
+        const orgs = fetchOrgs(input.server, accessToken)
+
+        const [account, remoteOrgs] = yield* Effect.all([user, orgs], { concurrency: 2 })
+
+        // TODO: When there are multiple orgs, let the user choose
+        const firstOrgID = remoteOrgs.length > 0 ? Option.some(remoteOrgs[0].id) : Option.none<OrgID>()
+
+        const now = yield* Clock.currentTimeMillis
+        const expiry = now + Duration.toMillis(parsed.expires_in)
+        const refreshToken = parsed.refresh_token
+
+        yield* repo.persistAccount({
+          id: account.id,
+          email: account.email,
+          url: input.server,
+          accessToken,
+          refreshToken,
+          expiry,
+          orgID: firstOrgID,
+        })
+
+        return new PollSuccess({ email: account.email })
+      })
+
+      return Service.of({
+        active: repo.active,
+        list: repo.list,
+        orgsByAccount,
+        remove: repo.remove,
+        use: repo.use,
+        orgs,
+        config,
+        token,
+        login,
+        poll,
+      })
+    }),
+  )
+
+  export const defaultLayer = layer.pipe(Layer.provide(AccountRepo.layer), Layer.provide(FetchHttpClient.layer))
+
+  export const { runPromise } = makeRuntime(Service, defaultLayer)
+
+  export async function active(): Promise<Info | undefined> {
+    return Option.getOrUndefined(await runPromise((service) => service.active()))
  }

  export async function config(accountID: AccountID, orgID: OrgID): Promise<Record<string, unknown> | undefined> {
-    const config = await runPromise((service) => service.config(accountID, orgID))
-    return Option.getOrUndefined(config)
+    const cfg = await runPromise((service) => service.config(accountID, orgID))
+    return Option.getOrUndefined(cfg)
  }

  export async function token(accountID: AccountID): Promise<AccessToken | undefined> {
-    const token = await runPromise((service) => service.token(accountID))
-    return Option.getOrUndefined(token)
+    const t = await runPromise((service) => service.token(accountID))
+    return Option.getOrUndefined(t)
  }
 }
--- a/packages/opencode/src/agent/agent.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/agent/agent.ts
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ import PROMPT_COMPACTION from "./prompt/compaction.txt"
 import PROMPT_EXPLORE from "./prompt/explore.txt"
 import PROMPT_SUMMARY from "./prompt/summary.txt"
 import PROMPT_TITLE from "./prompt/title.txt"
-import { PermissionNext } from "@/permission"
+import { Permission } from "@/permission"
 import { mergeDeep, pipe, sortBy, values } from "remeda"
 import { Global } from "@/global"
 import path from "path"
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ export namespace Agent {
      topP: z.number().optional(),
      temperature: z.number().optional(),
      color: z.string().optional(),
-      permission: PermissionNext.Ruleset,
+      permission: Permission.Ruleset,
      model: z
        .object({
          modelID: ModelID.zod,
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ export namespace Agent {

    const skillDirs = await Skill.dirs()
    const whitelistedDirs = [Truncate.GLOB, ...skillDirs.map((dir) => path.join(dir, "*"))]
-    const defaults = PermissionNext.fromConfig({
+    const defaults = Permission.fromConfig({
      "*": "allow",
      doom_loop: "ask",
      external_directory: {
@@ -72,16 +72,16 @@ export namespace Agent {
        "*.env.example": "allow",
      },
    })
-    const user = PermissionNext.fromConfig(cfg.permission ?? {})
+    const user = Permission.fromConfig(cfg.permission ?? {})

    const result: Record<string, Info> = {
      build: {
        name: "build",
        description: "The default agent. Executes tools based on configured permissions.",
        options: {},
-        permission: PermissionNext.merge(
+        permission: Permission.merge(
          defaults,
-          PermissionNext.fromConfig({
+          Permission.fromConfig({
            question: "allow",
            plan_enter: "allow",
          }),
@@ -94,9 +94,9 @@ export namespace Agent {
        name: "plan",
        description: "Plan mode. Disallows all edit tools.",
        options: {},
-        permission: PermissionNext.merge(
+        permission: Permission.merge(
          defaults,
-          PermissionNext.fromConfig({
+          Permission.fromConfig({
            question: "allow",
            plan_exit: "allow",
            external_directory: {
@@ -116,9 +116,9 @@ export namespace Agent {
      general: {
        name: "general",
        description: `General-purpose agent for researching complex questions and executing multi-step tasks. Use this agent to execute multiple units of work in parallel.`,
-        permission: PermissionNext.merge(
+        permission: Permission.merge(
          defaults,
-          PermissionNext.fromConfig({
+          Permission.fromConfig({
            todoread: "deny",
            todowrite: "deny",
          }),
@@ -130,9 +130,9 @@ export namespace Agent {
      },
      explore: {
        name: "explore",
-        permission: PermissionNext.merge(
+        permission: Permission.merge(
          defaults,
-          PermissionNext.fromConfig({
+          Permission.fromConfig({
            "*": "deny",
            grep: "allow",
            glob: "allow",
@@ -161,9 +161,9 @@ export namespace Agent {
        native: true,
        hidden: true,
        prompt: PROMPT_COMPACTION,
-        permission: PermissionNext.merge(
+        permission: Permission.merge(
          defaults,
-          PermissionNext.fromConfig({
+          Permission.fromConfig({
            "*": "deny",
          }),
          user,
@@ -177,9 +177,9 @@ export namespace Agent {
        native: true,
        hidden: true,
        temperature: 0.5,
-        permission: PermissionNext.merge(
+        permission: Permission.merge(
          defaults,
-          PermissionNext.fromConfig({
+          Permission.fromConfig({
            "*": "deny",
          }),
          user,
@@ -192,9 +192,9 @@ export namespace Agent {
        options: {},
        native: true,
        hidden: true,
-        permission: PermissionNext.merge(
+        permission: Permission.merge(
          defaults,
-          PermissionNext.fromConfig({
+          Permission.fromConfig({
            "*": "deny",
          }),
          user,
@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ export namespace Agent {
        item = result[key] = {
          name: key,
          mode: "all",
-          permission: PermissionNext.merge(defaults, user),
+          permission: Permission.merge(defaults, user),
          options: {},
          native: false,
        }
@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ export namespace Agent {
      item.name = value.name ?? item.name
      item.steps = value.steps ?? item.steps
      item.options = mergeDeep(item.options, value.options ?? {})
-      item.permission = PermissionNext.merge(item.permission, PermissionNext.fromConfig(value.permission ?? {}))
+      item.permission = Permission.merge(item.permission, Permission.fromConfig(value.permission ?? {}))
    }

    // Ensure Truncate.GLOB is allowed unless explicitly configured
@@ -242,9 +242,9 @@ export namespace Agent {
      })
      if (explicit) continue

-      result[name].permission = PermissionNext.merge(
+      result[name].permission = Permission.merge(
        result[name].permission,
-        PermissionNext.fromConfig({ external_directory: { [Truncate.GLOB]: "allow" } }),
+        Permission.fromConfig({ external_directory: { [Truncate.GLOB]: "allow" } }),
      )
    }

--- a/packages/opencode/src/auth/effect.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/auth/effect.ts
@@ -1,94 +0,0 @@
-import path from "path"
-import { Effect, Layer, Record, Result, Schema, ServiceMap } from "effect"
-import { Global } from "../global"
-import { Filesystem } from "../util/filesystem"
-
-export const OAUTH_DUMMY_KEY = "opencode-oauth-dummy-key"
-
-export class Oauth extends Schema.Class<Oauth>("OAuth")({
-  type: Schema.Literal("oauth"),
-  refresh: Schema.String,
-  access: Schema.String,
-  expires: Schema.Number,
-  accountId: Schema.optional(Schema.String),
-  enterpriseUrl: Schema.optional(Schema.String),
-}) {}
-
-export class Api extends Schema.Class<Api>("ApiAuth")({
-  type: Schema.Literal("api"),
-  key: Schema.String,
-}) {}
-
-export class WellKnown extends Schema.Class<WellKnown>("WellKnownAuth")({
-  type: Schema.Literal("wellknown"),
-  key: Schema.String,
-  token: Schema.String,
-}) {}
-
-export const Info = Schema.Union([Oauth, Api, WellKnown])
-export type Info = Schema.Schema.Type<typeof Info>
-
-export class AuthError extends Schema.TaggedErrorClass<AuthError>()("AuthError", {
-  message: Schema.String,
-  cause: Schema.optional(Schema.Defect),
-}) {}
-
-const file = path.join(Global.Path.data, "auth.json")
-
-const fail = (message: string) => (cause: unknown) => new AuthError({ message, cause })
-
-export namespace Auth {
-  export interface Interface {
-    readonly get: (providerID: string) => Effect.Effect<Info | undefined, AuthError>
-    readonly all: () => Effect.Effect<Record<string, Info>, AuthError>
-    readonly set: (key: string, info: Info) => Effect.Effect<void, AuthError>
-    readonly remove: (key: string) => Effect.Effect<void, AuthError>
-  }
-
-  export class Service extends ServiceMap.Service<Service, Interface>()("@opencode/Auth") {}
-
-  export const layer = Layer.effect(
-    Service,
-    Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const decode = Schema.decodeUnknownOption(Info)
-
-      const all = Effect.fn("Auth.all")(() =>
-        Effect.tryPromise({
-          try: async () => {
-            const data = await Filesystem.readJson<Record<string, unknown>>(file).catch(() => ({}))
-            return Record.filterMap(data, (value) => Result.fromOption(decode(value), () => undefined))
-          },
-          catch: fail("Failed to read auth data"),
-        }),
-      )
-
-      const get = Effect.fn("Auth.get")(function* (providerID: string) {
-        return (yield* all())[providerID]
-      })
-
-      const set = Effect.fn("Auth.set")(function* (key: string, info: Info) {
-        const norm = key.replace(/\/+$/, "")
-        const data = yield* all()
-        if (norm !== key) delete data[key]
-        delete data[norm + "/"]
-        yield* Effect.tryPromise({
-          try: () => Filesystem.writeJson(file, { ...data, [norm]: info }, 0o600),
-          catch: fail("Failed to write auth data"),
-        })
-      })
-
-      const remove = Effect.fn("Auth.remove")(function* (key: string) {
-        const norm = key.replace(/\/+$/, "")
-        const data = yield* all()
-        delete data[key]
-        delete data[norm]
-        yield* Effect.tryPromise({
-          try: () => Filesystem.writeJson(file, data, 0o600),
-          catch: fail("Failed to write auth data"),
-        })
-      })
-
-      return Service.of({ get, all, set, remove })
-    }),
-  )
-}
--- a/packages/opencode/src/auth/index.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/auth/index.ts
@@ -1,43 +1,101 @@
-import { Effect } from "effect"
-import z from "zod"
-import { runtime } from "@/effect/runtime"
-import * as S from "./effect"
+import path from "path"
+import { Effect, Layer, Record, Result, Schema, ServiceMap } from "effect"
+import { makeRuntime } from "@/effect/run-service"
+import { zod } from "@/util/effect-zod"
+import { Global } from "../global"
+import { Filesystem } from "../util/filesystem"

-export { OAUTH_DUMMY_KEY } from "./effect"
+export const OAUTH_DUMMY_KEY = "opencode-oauth-dummy-key"

-function runPromise<A>(f: (service: S.Auth.Interface) => Effect.Effect<A, S.AuthError>) {
-  return runtime.runPromise(S.Auth.Service.use(f))
-}
+const file = path.join(Global.Path.data, "auth.json")
+
+const fail = (message: string) => (cause: unknown) => new Auth.AuthError({ message, cause })

 export namespace Auth {
-  export const Oauth = z
-    .object({
-      type: z.literal("oauth"),
-      refresh: z.string(),
-      access: z.string(),
-      expires: z.number(),
-      accountId: z.string().optional(),
-      enterpriseUrl: z.string().optional(),
-    })
-    .meta({ ref: "OAuth" })
+  export class Oauth extends Schema.Class<Oauth>("OAuth")({
+    type: Schema.Literal("oauth"),
+    refresh: Schema.String,
+    access: Schema.String,
+    expires: Schema.Number,
+    accountId: Schema.optional(Schema.String),
+    enterpriseUrl: Schema.optional(Schema.String),
+  }) {}

-  export const Api = z
-    .object({
-      type: z.literal("api"),
-      key: z.string(),
-    })
-    .meta({ ref: "ApiAuth" })
+  export class Api extends Schema.Class<Api>("ApiAuth")({
+    type: Schema.Literal("api"),
+    key: Schema.String,
+  }) {}

-  export const WellKnown = z
-    .object({
-      type: z.literal("wellknown"),
-      key: z.string(),
-      token: z.string(),
-    })
-    .meta({ ref: "WellKnownAuth" })
+  export class WellKnown extends Schema.Class<WellKnown>("WellKnownAuth")({
+    type: Schema.Literal("wellknown"),
+    key: Schema.String,
+    token: Schema.String,
+  }) {}

-  export const Info = z.discriminatedUnion("type", [Oauth, Api, WellKnown]).meta({ ref: "Auth" })
-  export type Info = z.infer<typeof Info>
+  const _Info = Schema.Union([Oauth, Api, WellKnown]).annotate({ discriminator: "type", identifier: "Auth" })
+  export const Info = Object.assign(_Info, { zod: zod(_Info) })
+  export type Info = Schema.Schema.Type<typeof _Info>
+
+  export class AuthError extends Schema.TaggedErrorClass<AuthError>()("AuthError", {
+    message: Schema.String,
+    cause: Schema.optional(Schema.Defect),
+  }) {}
+
+  export interface Interface {
+    readonly get: (providerID: string) => Effect.Effect<Info | undefined, AuthError>
+    readonly all: () => Effect.Effect<Record<string, Info>, AuthError>
+    readonly set: (key: string, info: Info) => Effect.Effect<void, AuthError>
+    readonly remove: (key: string) => Effect.Effect<void, AuthError>
+  }
+
+  export class Service extends ServiceMap.Service<Service, Interface>()("@opencode/Auth") {}
+
+  export const layer = Layer.effect(
+    Service,
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const decode = Schema.decodeUnknownOption(Info)
+
+      const all = Effect.fn("Auth.all")(() =>
+        Effect.tryPromise({
+          try: async () => {
+            const data = await Filesystem.readJson<Record<string, unknown>>(file).catch(() => ({}))
+            return Record.filterMap(data, (value) => Result.fromOption(decode(value), () => undefined))
+          },
+          catch: fail("Failed to read auth data"),
+        }),
+      )
+
+      const get = Effect.fn("Auth.get")(function* (providerID: string) {
+        return (yield* all())[providerID]
+      })
+
+      const set = Effect.fn("Auth.set")(function* (key: string, info: Info) {
+        const norm = key.replace(/\/+$/, "")
+        const data = yield* all()
+        if (norm !== key) delete data[key]
+        delete data[norm + "/"]
+        yield* Effect.tryPromise({
+          try: () => Filesystem.writeJson(file, { ...data, [norm]: info }, 0o600),
+          catch: fail("Failed to write auth data"),
+        })
+      })
+
+      const remove = Effect.fn("Auth.remove")(function* (key: string) {
+        const norm = key.replace(/\/+$/, "")
+        const data = yield* all()
+        delete data[key]
+        delete data[norm]
+        yield* Effect.tryPromise({
+          try: () => Filesystem.writeJson(file, data, 0o600),
+          catch: fail("Failed to write auth data"),
+        })
+      })
+
+      return Service.of({ get, all, set, remove })
+    }),
+  )
+
+  const { runPromise } = makeRuntime(Service, layer)

  export async function get(providerID: string) {
    return runPromise((service) => service.get(providerID))
--- a/packages/opencode/src/bus/bus-event.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/bus/bus-event.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import z from "zod"
-import type { ZodObject, ZodRawShape } from "zod"
+import type { ZodType } from "zod"
 import { Log } from "../util/log"

 export namespace BusEvent {
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ export namespace BusEvent {

  const registry = new Map<string, Definition>()

-  export function define<Type extends string, Properties extends ZodObject<ZodRawShape>>(type: Type, properties: Properties) {
+  export function define<Type extends string, Properties extends ZodType>(type: Type, properties: Properties) {
    const result = {
      type,
      properties,
--- a/packages/opencode/src/bus/global.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/bus/global.ts
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ export const GlobalBus = new EventEmitter<{
  event: [
    {
      directory?: string
-      payload: { type: string; properties: Record<string, unknown> }
+      payload: any
    },
  ]
 }>()
--- a/packages/opencode/src/bus/index.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/bus/index.ts
@@ -1,12 +1,14 @@
 import z from "zod"
+import { Effect, Layer, PubSub, ServiceMap, Stream } from "effect"
 import { Log } from "../util/log"
 import { Instance } from "../project/instance"
 import { BusEvent } from "./bus-event"
 import { GlobalBus } from "./global"
+import { InstanceState } from "@/effect/instance-state"
+import { makeRuntime } from "@/effect/run-service"

 export namespace Bus {
  const log = Log.create({ service: "bus" })
-  type Subscription = (event: any) => void

  export const InstanceDisposed = BusEvent.define(
    "server.instance.disposed",
@@ -15,91 +17,129 @@ export namespace Bus {
    }),
  )

-  const state = Instance.state(
-    () => {
-      const subscriptions = new Map<any, Subscription[]>()
+  type Payload<D extends BusEvent.Definition = BusEvent.Definition> = {
+    type: D["type"]
+    properties: z.infer<D["properties"]>
+  }

-      return {
-        subscriptions,
+  type State = {
+    wildcard: PubSub.PubSub<Payload>
+    typed: Map<string, PubSub.PubSub<Payload>>
+  }
+
+  export interface Interface {
+    readonly publish: <D extends BusEvent.Definition>(
+      def: D,
+      properties: z.output<D["properties"]>,
+    ) => Effect.Effect<void>
+    readonly subscribe: <D extends BusEvent.Definition>(def: D) => Stream.Stream<Payload<D>>
+    readonly subscribeAll: () => Stream.Stream<Payload>
+  }
+
+  export class Service extends ServiceMap.Service<Service, Interface>()("@opencode/Bus") {}
+
+  export const layer = Layer.effect(
+    Service,
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const cache = yield* InstanceState.make<State>(
+        Effect.fn("Bus.state")(function* (ctx) {
+          const wildcard = yield* PubSub.unbounded<Payload>()
+          const typed = new Map<string, PubSub.PubSub<Payload>>()
+
+          yield* Effect.addFinalizer(() =>
+            Effect.gen(function* () {
+              // Publish InstanceDisposed before shutting down so subscribers see it
+              yield* PubSub.publish(wildcard, {
+                type: InstanceDisposed.type,
+                properties: { directory: ctx.directory },
+              })
+              yield* PubSub.shutdown(wildcard)
+              for (const ps of typed.values()) {
+                yield* PubSub.shutdown(ps)
+              }
+            }),
+          )
+
+          return { wildcard, typed }
+        }),
+      )
+
+      function getOrCreate(state: State, type: string) {
+        return Effect.gen(function* () {
+          let ps = state.typed.get(type)
+          if (!ps) {
+            ps = yield* PubSub.unbounded<Payload>()
+            state.typed.set(type, ps)
+          }
+          return ps
+        })
      }
-    },
-    async (entry) => {
-      const wildcard = entry.subscriptions.get("*")
-      if (!wildcard) return
-      const event = {
-        type: InstanceDisposed.type,
-        properties: {
-          directory: Instance.directory,
-        },
+
+      function publish<D extends BusEvent.Definition>(def: D, properties: z.output<D["properties"]>) {
+        return Effect.gen(function* () {
+          const state = yield* InstanceState.get(cache)
+          const payload: Payload = { type: def.type, properties }
+          log.info("publishing", { type: def.type })
+
+          const ps = state.typed.get(def.type)
+          if (ps) yield* PubSub.publish(ps, payload)
+          yield* PubSub.publish(state.wildcard, payload)
+
+          GlobalBus.emit("event", {
+            directory: Instance.directory,
+            payload,
+          })
+        })
      }
-      for (const sub of [...wildcard]) {
-        sub(event)
+
+      function subscribe<D extends BusEvent.Definition>(def: D): Stream.Stream<Payload<D>> {
+        log.info("subscribing", { type: def.type })
+        return Stream.unwrap(
+          Effect.gen(function* () {
+            const state = yield* InstanceState.get(cache)
+            const ps = yield* getOrCreate(state, def.type)
+            return Stream.fromPubSub(ps) as Stream.Stream<Payload<D>>
+          }),
+        ).pipe(Stream.ensuring(Effect.sync(() => log.info("unsubscribing", { type: def.type }))))
      }
-    },
+
+      function subscribeAll(): Stream.Stream<Payload> {
+        log.info("subscribing", { type: "*" })
+        return Stream.unwrap(
+          Effect.gen(function* () {
+            const state = yield* InstanceState.get(cache)
+            return Stream.fromPubSub(state.wildcard)
+          }),
+        ).pipe(Stream.ensuring(Effect.sync(() => log.info("unsubscribing", { type: "*" }))))
+      }
+
+      return Service.of({ publish, subscribe, subscribeAll })
+    }),
  )

-  export async function publish<Definition extends BusEvent.Definition>(
-    def: Definition,
-    properties: z.output<Definition["properties"]>,
-  ) {
-    const payload = {
-      type: def.type,
-      properties,
-    }
-    log.info("publishing", {
-      type: def.type,
-    })
-    const pending = []
-    for (const key of [def.type, "*"]) {
-      const match = [...(state().subscriptions.get(key) ?? [])]
-      for (const sub of match) {
-        pending.push(sub(payload))
-      }
-    }
-    GlobalBus.emit("event", {
-      directory: Instance.directory,
-      payload,
-    })
-    return Promise.all(pending)
+  const { runPromise, runCallback } = makeRuntime(Service, layer)
+
+  function forkStream<T>(streamFn: (svc: Interface) => Stream.Stream<T>, callback: (msg: T) => void) {
+    return runCallback((svc) =>
+      streamFn(svc).pipe(Stream.runForEach((msg) => Effect.sync(() => callback(msg)))),
+    )
  }

-  export function subscribe<Definition extends BusEvent.Definition>(
-    def: Definition,
-    callback: (event: { type: Definition["type"]; properties: z.infer<Definition["properties"]> }) => void,
+  export async function publish<D extends BusEvent.Definition>(
+    def: D,
+    properties: z.output<D["properties"]>,
  ) {
-    return raw(def.type, callback)
+    return runPromise((svc) => svc.publish(def, properties))
  }

-  export function once<Definition extends BusEvent.Definition>(
-    def: Definition,
-    callback: (event: {
-      type: Definition["type"]
-      properties: z.infer<Definition["properties"]>
-    }) => "done" | undefined,
+  export function subscribe<D extends BusEvent.Definition>(
+    def: D,
+    callback: (event: { type: D["type"]; properties: z.infer<D["properties"]> }) => void,
  ) {
-    const unsub = subscribe(def, (event) => {
-      if (callback(event)) unsub()
-    })
+    return forkStream((svc) => svc.subscribe(def), callback)
  }

  export function subscribeAll(callback: (event: any) => void) {
-    return raw("*", callback)
-  }
-
-  function raw(type: string, callback: (event: any) => void) {
-    log.info("subscribing", { type })
-    const subscriptions = state().subscriptions
-    let match = subscriptions.get(type) ?? []
-    match.push(callback)
-    subscriptions.set(type, match)
-
-    return () => {
-      log.info("unsubscribing", { type })
-      const match = subscriptions.get(type)
-      if (!match) return
-      const index = match.indexOf(callback)
-      if (index === -1) return
-      match.splice(index, 1)
-    }
+    return forkStream((svc) => svc.subscribeAll(), callback)
  }
 }
--- a/packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/account.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/account.ts
@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 import { cmd } from "./cmd"
 import { Duration, Effect, Match, Option } from "effect"
 import { UI } from "../ui"
-import { runtime } from "@/effect/runtime"
-import { AccountID, Account, OrgID, PollExpired, type PollResult } from "@/account/effect"
+import { AccountID, Account, OrgID, PollExpired, type PollResult } from "@/account"
 import { type AccountError } from "@/account/schema"
 import * as Prompt from "../effect/prompt"
 import open from "open"
@@ -160,7 +159,7 @@ export const LoginCommand = cmd({
    }),
  async handler(args) {
    UI.empty()
-    await runtime.runPromise(loginEffect(args.url))
+    await Account.runPromise((_svc) => loginEffect(args.url))
  },
 })

@@ -174,7 +173,7 @@ export const LogoutCommand = cmd({
    }),
  async handler(args) {
    UI.empty()
-    await runtime.runPromise(logoutEffect(args.email))
+    await Account.runPromise((_svc) => logoutEffect(args.email))
  },
 })

@@ -183,7 +182,7 @@ export const SwitchCommand = cmd({
  describe: false,
  async handler() {
    UI.empty()
-    await runtime.runPromise(switchEffect())
+    await Account.runPromise((_svc) => switchEffect())
  },
 })

@@ -192,7 +191,7 @@ export const OrgsCommand = cmd({
  describe: false,
  async handler() {
    UI.empty()
-    await runtime.runPromise(orgsEffect())
+    await Account.runPromise((_svc) => orgsEffect())
  },
 })

--- a/packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/debug/agent.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/debug/agent.ts
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import type { MessageV2 } from "../../../session/message-v2"
 import { MessageID, PartID } from "../../../session/schema"
 import { ToolRegistry } from "../../../tool/registry"
 import { Instance } from "../../../project/instance"
-import { PermissionNext } from "../../../permission"
+import { Permission } from "../../../permission"
 import { iife } from "../../../util/iife"
 import { bootstrap } from "../../bootstrap"
 import { cmd } from "../cmd"
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ async function getAvailableTools(agent: Agent.Info) {
 }

 async function resolveTools(agent: Agent.Info, availableTools: Awaited<ReturnType<typeof getAvailableTools>>) {
-  const disabled = PermissionNext.disabled(
+  const disabled = Permission.disabled(
    availableTools.map((tool) => tool.id),
    agent.permission,
  )
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ async function createToolContext(agent: Agent.Info) {
  }
  await Session.updateMessage(message)

-  const ruleset = PermissionNext.merge(agent.permission, session.permission ?? [])
+  const ruleset = Permission.merge(agent.permission, session.permission ?? [])

  return {
    sessionID: session.id,
@@ -155,11 +155,11 @@ async function createToolContext(agent: Agent.Info) {
    abort: new AbortController().signal,
    messages: [],
    metadata: () => {},
-    async ask(req: Omit<PermissionNext.Request, "id" | "sessionID" | "tool">) {
+    async ask(req: Omit<Permission.Request, "id" | "sessionID" | "tool">) {
      for (const pattern of req.patterns) {
-        const rule = PermissionNext.evaluate(req.permission, pattern, ruleset)
+        const rule = Permission.evaluate(req.permission, pattern, ruleset)
        if (rule.action === "deny") {
-          throw new PermissionNext.DeniedError({ ruleset })
+          throw new Permission.DeniedError({ ruleset })
        }
      }
    },
--- a/packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/run.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/run.ts
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ import { createOpencodeClient, type Message, type OpencodeClient, type ToolPart
 import { Server } from "../../server/server"
 import { Provider } from "../../provider/provider"
 import { Agent } from "../../agent/agent"
-import { PermissionNext } from "../../permission"
+import { Permission } from "../../permission"
 import { Tool } from "../../tool/tool"
 import { GlobTool } from "../../tool/glob"
 import { GrepTool } from "../../tool/grep"
@@ -354,7 +354,7 @@ export const RunCommand = cmd({
      process.exit(1)
    }

-    const rules: PermissionNext.Ruleset = [
+    const rules: Permission.Ruleset = [
      {
        permission: "question",
        action: "deny",
--- a/packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/tui/component/prompt/index.tsx
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/tui/component/prompt/index.tsx
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { BoxRenderable, TextareaRenderable, MouseEvent, PasteEvent, t, dim, fg } from "@opentui/core"
+import { BoxRenderable, TextareaRenderable, MouseEvent, PasteEvent, decodePasteBytes, t, dim, fg } from "@opentui/core"
 import { createEffect, createMemo, type JSX, onMount, createSignal, onCleanup, on, Show, Switch, Match } from "solid-js"
 import "opentui-spinner/solid"
 import path from "path"
@@ -934,7 +934,7 @@ export function Prompt(props: PromptProps) {
                // Normalize line endings at the boundary
                // Windows ConPTY/Terminal often sends CR-only newlines in bracketed paste
                // Replace CRLF first, then any remaining CR
-                const normalizedText = event.text.replace(/\r\n/g, "\n").replace(/\r/g, "\n")
+                const normalizedText = decodePasteBytes(event.bytes).replace(/\r\n/g, "\n").replace(/\r/g, "\n")
                const pastedContent = normalizedText.trim()
                if (!pastedContent) {
                  command.trigger("prompt.paste")
--- a/packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/tui/routes/session/index.tsx
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/tui/routes/session/index.tsx
@@ -1667,6 +1667,7 @@ function InlineTool(props: {

  const denied = createMemo(
    () =>
+      error()?.includes("QuestionRejectedError") ||
      error()?.includes("rejected permission") ||
      error()?.includes("specified a rule") ||
      error()?.includes("user dismissed"),
--- a/packages/opencode/src/command/index.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/command/index.ts
@@ -1,15 +1,23 @@
 import { BusEvent } from "@/bus/bus-event"
+import { InstanceState } from "@/effect/instance-state"
+import { makeRuntime } from "@/effect/run-service"
 import { SessionID, MessageID } from "@/session/schema"
+import { Effect, Layer, ServiceMap } from "effect"
 import z from "zod"
 import { Config } from "../config/config"
-import { Instance } from "../project/instance"
-import { Identifier } from "../id/id"
-import PROMPT_INITIALIZE from "./template/initialize.txt"
-import PROMPT_REVIEW from "./template/review.txt"
 import { MCP } from "../mcp"
 import { Skill } from "../skill"
+import { Log } from "../util/log"
+import PROMPT_INITIALIZE from "./template/initialize.txt"
+import PROMPT_REVIEW from "./template/review.txt"

 export namespace Command {
+  const log = Log.create({ service: "command" })
+
+  type State = {
+    commands: Record<string, Info>
+  }
+
  export const Event = {
    Executed: BusEvent.define(
      "command.executed",
@@ -42,7 +50,7 @@ export namespace Command {
  // for some reason zod is inferring `string` for z.promise(z.string()).or(z.string()) so we have to manually override it
  export type Info = Omit<z.infer<typeof Info>, "template"> & { template: Promise<string> | string }

-  export function hints(template: string): string[] {
+  export function hints(template: string) {
    const result: string[] = []
    const numbered = template.match(/\$\d+/g)
    if (numbered) {
@@ -57,95 +65,121 @@ export namespace Command {
    REVIEW: "review",
  } as const

-  const state = Instance.state(async () => {
-    const cfg = await Config.get()
+  export interface Interface {
+    readonly get: (name: string) => Effect.Effect<Info | undefined>
+    readonly list: () => Effect.Effect<Info[]>
+  }

-    const result: Record<string, Info> = {
-      [Default.INIT]: {
-        name: Default.INIT,
-        description: "create/update AGENTS.md",
-        source: "command",
-        get template() {
-          return PROMPT_INITIALIZE.replace("${path}", Instance.worktree)
-        },
-        hints: hints(PROMPT_INITIALIZE),
-      },
-      [Default.REVIEW]: {
-        name: Default.REVIEW,
-        description: "review changes [commit|branch|pr], defaults to uncommitted",
-        source: "command",
-        get template() {
-          return PROMPT_REVIEW.replace("${path}", Instance.worktree)
-        },
-        subtask: true,
-        hints: hints(PROMPT_REVIEW),
-      },
-    }
+  export class Service extends ServiceMap.Service<Service, Interface>()("@opencode/Command") {}

-    for (const [name, command] of Object.entries(cfg.command ?? {})) {
-      result[name] = {
-        name,
-        agent: command.agent,
-        model: command.model,
-        description: command.description,
-        source: "command",
-        get template() {
-          return command.template
-        },
-        subtask: command.subtask,
-        hints: hints(command.template),
-      }
-    }
-    for (const [name, prompt] of Object.entries(await MCP.prompts())) {
-      result[name] = {
-        name,
-        source: "mcp",
-        description: prompt.description,
-        get template() {
-          // since a getter can't be async we need to manually return a promise here
-          return new Promise<string>(async (resolve, reject) => {
-            const template = await MCP.getPrompt(
-              prompt.client,
-              prompt.name,
-              prompt.arguments
-                ? // substitute each argument with $1, $2, etc.
-                  Object.fromEntries(prompt.arguments?.map((argument, i) => [argument.name, `$${i + 1}`]))
-                : {},
-            ).catch(reject)
-            resolve(
-              template?.messages
-                .map((message) => (message.content.type === "text" ? message.content.text : ""))
-                .join("\n") || "",
-            )
-          })
-        },
-        hints: prompt.arguments?.map((_, i) => `$${i + 1}`) ?? [],
-      }
-    }
+  export const layer = Layer.effect(
+    Service,
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const init = Effect.fn("Command.state")(function* (ctx) {
+        const cfg = yield* Effect.promise(() => Config.get())
+        const commands: Record<string, Info> = {}

-    // Add skills as invokable commands
-    for (const skill of await Skill.all()) {
-      // Skip if a command with this name already exists
-      if (result[skill.name]) continue
-      result[skill.name] = {
-        name: skill.name,
-        description: skill.description,
-        source: "skill",
-        get template() {
-          return skill.content
-        },
-        hints: [],
-      }
-    }
+        commands[Default.INIT] = {
+          name: Default.INIT,
+          description: "create/update AGENTS.md",
+          source: "command",
+          get template() {
+            return PROMPT_INITIALIZE.replace("${path}", ctx.worktree)
+          },
+          hints: hints(PROMPT_INITIALIZE),
+        }
+        commands[Default.REVIEW] = {
+          name: Default.REVIEW,
+          description: "review changes [commit|branch|pr], defaults to uncommitted",
+          source: "command",
+          get template() {
+            return PROMPT_REVIEW.replace("${path}", ctx.worktree)
+          },
+          subtask: true,
+          hints: hints(PROMPT_REVIEW),
+        }

-    return result
-  })
+        for (const [name, command] of Object.entries(cfg.command ?? {})) {
+          commands[name] = {
+            name,
+            agent: command.agent,
+            model: command.model,
+            description: command.description,
+            source: "command",
+            get template() {
+              return command.template
+            },
+            subtask: command.subtask,
+            hints: hints(command.template),
+          }
+        }
+
+        for (const [name, prompt] of Object.entries(yield* Effect.promise(() => MCP.prompts()))) {
+          commands[name] = {
+            name,
+            source: "mcp",
+            description: prompt.description,
+            get template() {
+              return new Promise<string>(async (resolve, reject) => {
+                const template = await MCP.getPrompt(
+                  prompt.client,
+                  prompt.name,
+                  prompt.arguments
+                    ? Object.fromEntries(prompt.arguments.map((argument, i) => [argument.name, `$${i + 1}`]))
+                    : {},
+                ).catch(reject)
+                resolve(
+                  template?.messages
+                    .map((message) => (message.content.type === "text" ? message.content.text : ""))
+                    .join("\n") || "",
+                )
+              })
+            },
+            hints: prompt.arguments?.map((_, i) => `$${i + 1}`) ?? [],
+          }
+        }
+
+        for (const skill of yield* Effect.promise(() => Skill.all())) {
+          if (commands[skill.name]) continue
+          commands[skill.name] = {
+            name: skill.name,
+            description: skill.description,
+            source: "skill",
+            get template() {
+              return skill.content
+            },
+            hints: [],
+          }
+        }
+
+        return {
+          commands,
+        }
+      })
+
+      const cache = yield* InstanceState.make<State>((ctx) => init(ctx))
+
+      const get = Effect.fn("Command.get")(function* (name: string) {
+        const state = yield* InstanceState.get(cache)
+        return state.commands[name]
+      })
+
+      const list = Effect.fn("Command.list")(function* () {
+        const state = yield* InstanceState.get(cache)
+        return Object.values(state.commands)
+      })
+
+      return Service.of({ get, list })
+    }),
+  )
+
+  const { runPromise } = makeRuntime(Service, layer)

  export async function get(name: string) {
-    return state().then((x) => x[name])
+    return runPromise((svc) => svc.get(name))
  }

  export async function list() {
-    return state().then((x) => Object.values(x))
+    return runPromise((svc) => svc.list())
  }
 }
--- a/packages/opencode/src/config/config.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/config/config.ts
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ export namespace Config {
      log.debug("loaded custom config from OPENCODE_CONFIG_CONTENT")
    }

-    const active = Account.active()
+    const active = await Account.active()
    if (active?.active_org_id) {
      try {
        const [config, token] = await Promise.all([
--- a/packages/opencode/src/control-plane/workspace.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/control-plane/workspace.ts
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ export namespace Workspace {
      await parseSSE(res.body, stop, (event) => {
        GlobalBus.emit("event", {
          directory: space.id,
-          payload: event as { type: string; properties: Record<string, unknown> },
+          payload: event,
        })
      })
      // Wait 250ms and retry if SSE connection fails
--- a/packages/opencode/src/effect/instance-state.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/effect/instance-state.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+import { Effect, ScopedCache, Scope } from "effect"
+import { Instance, type Shape } from "@/project/instance"
+import { registerDisposer } from "./instance-registry"
+
+const TypeId = "~opencode/InstanceState"
+
+export interface InstanceState<A, E = never, R = never> {
+  readonly [TypeId]: typeof TypeId
+  readonly cache: ScopedCache.ScopedCache<string, A, E, R>
+}
+
+export namespace InstanceState {
+  export const make = <A, E = never, R = never>(
+    init: (ctx: Shape) => Effect.Effect<A, E, R | Scope.Scope>,
+  ): Effect.Effect<InstanceState<A, E, Exclude<R, Scope.Scope>>, never, R | Scope.Scope> =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const cache = yield* ScopedCache.make<string, A, E, R>({
+        capacity: Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY,
+        lookup: () => init(Instance.current),
+      })
+
+      const off = registerDisposer((directory) => Effect.runPromise(ScopedCache.invalidate(cache, directory)))
+      yield* Effect.addFinalizer(() => Effect.sync(off))
+
+      return {
+        [TypeId]: TypeId,
+        cache,
+      }
+    })
+
+  export const get = <A, E, R>(self: InstanceState<A, E, R>) =>
+    Effect.suspend(() => ScopedCache.get(self.cache, Instance.directory))
+
+  export const use = <A, E, R, B>(self: InstanceState<A, E, R>, select: (value: A) => B) =>
+    Effect.map(get(self), select)
+
+  export const useEffect = <A, E, R, B, E2, R2>(
+    self: InstanceState<A, E, R>,
+    select: (value: A) => Effect.Effect<B, E2, R2>,
+  ) => Effect.flatMap(get(self), select)
+
+  export const has = <A, E, R>(self: InstanceState<A, E, R>) =>
+    Effect.suspend(() => ScopedCache.has(self.cache, Instance.directory))
+
+  export const invalidate = <A, E, R>(self: InstanceState<A, E, R>) =>
+    Effect.suspend(() => ScopedCache.invalidate(self.cache, Instance.directory))
+}
--- a/packages/opencode/src/effect/instances.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/effect/instances.ts
@@ -1,71 +0,0 @@
-import { Effect, Layer, LayerMap, ServiceMap } from "effect"
-import { File } from "@/file/service"
-import { FileTime } from "@/file/time-service"
-import { FileWatcher } from "@/file/watcher"
-import { Format } from "@/format/service"
-import { Permission } from "@/permission/service"
-import { Instance } from "@/project/instance"
-import { Vcs } from "@/project/vcs"
-import { ProviderAuth } from "@/provider/auth-service"
-import { Question } from "@/question/service"
-import { Skill } from "@/skill/service"
-import { Snapshot } from "@/snapshot/service"
-import { Plugin } from "@/plugin"
-import { InstanceContext } from "./instance-context"
-import { registerDisposer } from "./instance-registry"
-
-export { InstanceContext } from "./instance-context"
-
-export type InstanceServices =
-  | Question.Service
-  | Permission.Service
-  | ProviderAuth.Service
-  | FileWatcher.Service
-  | Vcs.Service
-  | FileTime.Service
-  | Format.Service
-  | File.Service
-  | Skill.Service
-  | Snapshot.Service
-  | Plugin.Service
-
-// NOTE: LayerMap only passes the key (directory string) to lookup, but we need
-// the full instance context (directory, worktree, project). We read from the
-// legacy Instance ALS here, which is safe because lookup is only triggered via
-// runPromiseInstance -> Instances.get, which always runs inside Instance.provide.
-// This should go away once the old Instance type is removed and lookup can load
-// the full context directly.
-function lookup(_key: string) {
-  const ctx = Layer.sync(InstanceContext, () => InstanceContext.of(Instance.current))
-  return Layer.mergeAll(
-    Question.layer,
-    Permission.layer,
-    ProviderAuth.defaultLayer,
-    FileWatcher.layer,
-    Vcs.layer,
-    FileTime.layer,
-    Format.layer,
-    File.layer,
-    Skill.defaultLayer,
-    Snapshot.defaultLayer,
-    Plugin.layer,
-  ).pipe(Layer.provide(ctx))
-}
-
-export class Instances extends ServiceMap.Service<Instances, LayerMap.LayerMap<string, InstanceServices>>()(
-  "opencode/Instances",
-) {
-  static readonly layer = Layer.effect(
-    Instances,
-    Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const layerMap = yield* LayerMap.make(lookup, { idleTimeToLive: Infinity })
-      const unregister = registerDisposer((directory) => Effect.runPromise(layerMap.invalidate(directory)))
-      yield* Effect.addFinalizer(() => Effect.sync(unregister))
-      return Instances.of(layerMap)
-    }),
-  )
-
-  static get(directory: string): Layer.Layer<InstanceServices, never, Instances> {
-    return Layer.unwrap(Instances.use((map) => Effect.succeed(map.get(directory))))
-  }
-}
--- a/packages/opencode/src/effect/run-service.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/effect/run-service.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+import { Effect, Layer, ManagedRuntime } from "effect"
+import * as ServiceMap from "effect/ServiceMap"
+
+export const memoMap = Layer.makeMemoMapUnsafe()
+
+export function makeRuntime<I, S, E>(service: ServiceMap.Service<I, S>, layer: Layer.Layer<I, E>) {
+  let rt: ManagedRuntime.ManagedRuntime<I, E> | undefined
+  const getRuntime = () => (rt ??= ManagedRuntime.make(layer, { memoMap }))
+
+  return {
+    runPromise: <A, Err>(fn: (svc: S) => Effect.Effect<A, Err, I>, options?: Effect.RunOptions) =>
+      getRuntime().runPromise(service.use(fn), options),
+    runFork: <A, Err>(fn: (svc: S) => Effect.Effect<A, Err, I>) => getRuntime().runFork(service.use(fn)),
+    runCallback: <A, Err>(fn: (svc: S) => Effect.Effect<A, Err, I>) =>
+      getRuntime().runCallback(service.use(fn)),
+  }
+}
+
--- a/packages/opencode/src/effect/runtime.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/effect/runtime.ts
@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-import { Effect, Layer, ManagedRuntime } from "effect"
-import { Account } from "@/account/effect"
-import { Auth } from "@/auth/effect"
-import { Instances } from "@/effect/instances"
-import type { InstanceServices } from "@/effect/instances"
-import { Installation } from "@/installation"
-import { Truncate } from "@/tool/truncate-effect"
-import { Instance } from "@/project/instance"
-
-export const runtime = ManagedRuntime.make(
-  Layer.mergeAll(
-    Account.defaultLayer, //
-    Installation.defaultLayer,
-    Truncate.defaultLayer,
-    Instances.layer,
-  ).pipe(Layer.provideMerge(Auth.layer)),
-)
-
-export function runPromiseInstance<A, E>(effect: Effect.Effect<A, E, InstanceServices>) {
-  return runtime.runPromise(effect.pipe(Effect.provide(Instances.get(Instance.directory))))
-}
-
-export function disposeRuntime() {
-  return runtime.dispose()
-}
--- a/packages/opencode/src/file/index.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/file/index.ts
@@ -1,40 +1,712 @@
-import { runPromiseInstance } from "@/effect/runtime"
-import { File as S } from "./service"
+import { BusEvent } from "@/bus/bus-event"
+import { InstanceState } from "@/effect/instance-state"
+import { makeRuntime } from "@/effect/run-service"
+import { git } from "@/util/git"
+import { Effect, Fiber, Layer, Scope, ServiceMap } from "effect"
+import { formatPatch, structuredPatch } from "diff"
+import fs from "fs"
+import fuzzysort from "fuzzysort"
+import ignore from "ignore"
+import path from "path"
+import z from "zod"
+import { Global } from "../global"
+import { Instance } from "../project/instance"
+import { Filesystem } from "../util/filesystem"
+import { Log } from "../util/log"
+import { Protected } from "./protected"
+import { Ripgrep } from "./ripgrep"

 export namespace File {
-  export const Info = S.Info
-  export type Info = S.Info
+  export const Info = z
+    .object({
+      path: z.string(),
+      added: z.number().int(),
+      removed: z.number().int(),
+      status: z.enum(["added", "deleted", "modified"]),
+    })
+    .meta({
+      ref: "File",
+    })

-  export const Node = S.Node
-  export type Node = S.Node
+  export type Info = z.infer<typeof Info>

-  export const Content = S.Content
-  export type Content = S.Content
+  export const Node = z
+    .object({
+      name: z.string(),
+      path: z.string(),
+      absolute: z.string(),
+      type: z.enum(["file", "directory"]),
+      ignored: z.boolean(),
+    })
+    .meta({
+      ref: "FileNode",
+    })
+  export type Node = z.infer<typeof Node>

-  export const Event = S.Event
+  export const Content = z
+    .object({
+      type: z.enum(["text", "binary"]),
+      content: z.string(),
+      diff: z.string().optional(),
+      patch: z
+        .object({
+          oldFileName: z.string(),
+          newFileName: z.string(),
+          oldHeader: z.string().optional(),
+          newHeader: z.string().optional(),
+          hunks: z.array(
+            z.object({
+              oldStart: z.number(),
+              oldLines: z.number(),
+              newStart: z.number(),
+              newLines: z.number(),
+              lines: z.array(z.string()),
+            }),
+          ),
+          index: z.string().optional(),
+        })
+        .optional(),
+      encoding: z.literal("base64").optional(),
+      mimeType: z.string().optional(),
+    })
+    .meta({
+      ref: "FileContent",
+    })
+  export type Content = z.infer<typeof Content>

-  export type Interface = S.Interface
+  export const Event = {
+    Edited: BusEvent.define(
+      "file.edited",
+      z.object({
+        file: z.string(),
+      }),
+    ),
+  }

-  export const Service = S.Service
-  export const layer = S.layer
+  const log = Log.create({ service: "file" })
+
+  const binary = new Set([
+    "exe",
+    "dll",
+    "pdb",
+    "bin",
+    "so",
+    "dylib",
+    "o",
+    "a",
+    "lib",
+    "wav",
+    "mp3",
+    "ogg",
+    "oga",
+    "ogv",
+    "ogx",
+    "flac",
+    "aac",
+    "wma",
+    "m4a",
+    "weba",
+    "mp4",
+    "avi",
+    "mov",
+    "wmv",
+    "flv",
+    "webm",
+    "mkv",
+    "zip",
+    "tar",
+    "gz",
+    "gzip",
+    "bz",
+    "bz2",
+    "bzip",
+    "bzip2",
+    "7z",
+    "rar",
+    "xz",
+    "lz",
+    "z",
+    "pdf",
+    "doc",
+    "docx",
+    "ppt",
+    "pptx",
+    "xls",
+    "xlsx",
+    "dmg",
+    "iso",
+    "img",
+    "vmdk",
+    "ttf",
+    "otf",
+    "woff",
+    "woff2",
+    "eot",
+    "sqlite",
+    "db",
+    "mdb",
+    "apk",
+    "ipa",
+    "aab",
+    "xapk",
+    "app",
+    "pkg",
+    "deb",
+    "rpm",
+    "snap",
+    "flatpak",
+    "appimage",
+    "msi",
+    "msp",
+    "jar",
+    "war",
+    "ear",
+    "class",
+    "kotlin_module",
+    "dex",
+    "vdex",
+    "odex",
+    "oat",
+    "art",
+    "wasm",
+    "wat",
+    "bc",
+    "ll",
+    "s",
+    "ko",
+    "sys",
+    "drv",
+    "efi",
+    "rom",
+    "com",
+  ])
+
+  const image = new Set([
+    "png",
+    "jpg",
+    "jpeg",
+    "gif",
+    "bmp",
+    "webp",
+    "ico",
+    "tif",
+    "tiff",
+    "svg",
+    "svgz",
+    "avif",
+    "apng",
+    "jxl",
+    "heic",
+    "heif",
+    "raw",
+    "cr2",
+    "nef",
+    "arw",
+    "dng",
+    "orf",
+    "raf",
+    "pef",
+    "x3f",
+  ])
+
+  const text = new Set([
+    "ts",
+    "tsx",
+    "mts",
+    "cts",
+    "mtsx",
+    "ctsx",
+    "js",
+    "jsx",
+    "mjs",
+    "cjs",
+    "sh",
+    "bash",
+    "zsh",
+    "fish",
+    "ps1",
+    "psm1",
+    "cmd",
+    "bat",
+    "json",
+    "jsonc",
+    "json5",
+    "yaml",
+    "yml",
+    "toml",
+    "md",
+    "mdx",
+    "txt",
+    "xml",
+    "html",
+    "htm",
+    "css",
+    "scss",
+    "sass",
+    "less",
+    "graphql",
+    "gql",
+    "sql",
+    "ini",
+    "cfg",
+    "conf",
+    "env",
+  ])
+
+  const textName = new Set([
+    "dockerfile",
+    "makefile",
+    ".gitignore",
+    ".gitattributes",
+    ".editorconfig",
+    ".npmrc",
+    ".nvmrc",
+    ".prettierrc",
+    ".eslintrc",
+  ])
+
+  const mime: Record<string, string> = {
+    png: "image/png",
+    jpg: "image/jpeg",
+    jpeg: "image/jpeg",
+    gif: "image/gif",
+    bmp: "image/bmp",
+    webp: "image/webp",
+    ico: "image/x-icon",
+    tif: "image/tiff",
+    tiff: "image/tiff",
+    svg: "image/svg+xml",
+    svgz: "image/svg+xml",
+    avif: "image/avif",
+    apng: "image/apng",
+    jxl: "image/jxl",
+    heic: "image/heic",
+    heif: "image/heif",
+  }
+
+  type Entry = { files: string[]; dirs: string[] }
+
+  const ext = (file: string) => path.extname(file).toLowerCase().slice(1)
+  const name = (file: string) => path.basename(file).toLowerCase()
+  const isImageByExtension = (file: string) => image.has(ext(file))
+  const isTextByExtension = (file: string) => text.has(ext(file))
+  const isTextByName = (file: string) => textName.has(name(file))
+  const isBinaryByExtension = (file: string) => binary.has(ext(file))
+  const isImage = (mimeType: string) => mimeType.startsWith("image/")
+  const getImageMimeType = (file: string) => mime[ext(file)] || "image/" + ext(file)
+
+  function shouldEncode(mimeType: string) {
+    const type = mimeType.toLowerCase()
+    log.debug("shouldEncode", { type })
+    if (!type) return false
+    if (type.startsWith("text/")) return false
+    if (type.includes("charset=")) return false
+    const top = type.split("/", 2)[0]
+    return ["image", "audio", "video", "font", "model", "multipart"].includes(top)
+  }
+
+  const hidden = (item: string) => {
+    const normalized = item.replaceAll("\\", "/").replace(/\/+$/, "")
+    return normalized.split("/").some((part) => part.startsWith(".") && part.length > 1)
+  }
+
+  const sortHiddenLast = (items: string[], prefer: boolean) => {
+    if (prefer) return items
+    const visible: string[] = []
+    const hiddenItems: string[] = []
+    for (const item of items) {
+      if (hidden(item)) hiddenItems.push(item)
+      else visible.push(item)
+    }
+    return [...visible, ...hiddenItems]
+  }
+
+  interface State {
+    cache: Entry
+    fiber: Fiber.Fiber<void> | undefined
+  }
+
+  export interface Interface {
+    readonly init: () => Effect.Effect<void>
+    readonly status: () => Effect.Effect<File.Info[]>
+    readonly read: (file: string) => Effect.Effect<File.Content>
+    readonly list: (dir?: string) => Effect.Effect<File.Node[]>
+    readonly search: (input: {
+      query: string
+      limit?: number
+      dirs?: boolean
+      type?: "file" | "directory"
+    }) => Effect.Effect<string[]>
+  }
+
+  export class Service extends ServiceMap.Service<Service, Interface>()("@opencode/File") {}
+
+  export const layer = Layer.effect(
+    Service,
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const state = yield* InstanceState.make<State>(
+        Effect.fn("File.state")(() =>
+          Effect.succeed({
+            cache: { files: [], dirs: [] } as Entry,
+            fiber: undefined as Fiber.Fiber<void> | undefined,
+          }),
+        ),
+      )
+
+      const scan = Effect.fn("File.scan")(function* () {
+        if (Instance.directory === path.parse(Instance.directory).root) return
+        const isGlobalHome = Instance.directory === Global.Path.home && Instance.project.id === "global"
+        const next: Entry = { files: [], dirs: [] }
+
+        yield* Effect.promise(async () => {
+          if (isGlobalHome) {
+            const dirs = new Set<string>()
+            const protectedNames = Protected.names()
+            const ignoreNested = new Set(["node_modules", "dist", "build", "target", "vendor"])
+            const shouldIgnoreName = (name: string) => name.startsWith(".") || protectedNames.has(name)
+            const shouldIgnoreNested = (name: string) => name.startsWith(".") || ignoreNested.has(name)
+            const top = await fs.promises
+              .readdir(Instance.directory, { withFileTypes: true })
+              .catch(() => [] as fs.Dirent[])
+
+            for (const entry of top) {
+              if (!entry.isDirectory()) continue
+              if (shouldIgnoreName(entry.name)) continue
+              dirs.add(entry.name + "/")
+
+              const base = path.join(Instance.directory, entry.name)
+              const children = await fs.promises.readdir(base, { withFileTypes: true }).catch(() => [] as fs.Dirent[])
+              for (const child of children) {
+                if (!child.isDirectory()) continue
+                if (shouldIgnoreNested(child.name)) continue
+                dirs.add(entry.name + "/" + child.name + "/")
+              }
+            }
+
+            next.dirs = Array.from(dirs).toSorted()
+          } else {
+            const seen = new Set<string>()
+            for await (const file of Ripgrep.files({ cwd: Instance.directory })) {
+              next.files.push(file)
+              let current = file
+              while (true) {
+                const dir = path.dirname(current)
+                if (dir === ".") break
+                if (dir === current) break
+                current = dir
+                if (seen.has(dir)) continue
+                seen.add(dir)
+                next.dirs.push(dir + "/")
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        })
+
+        const s = yield* InstanceState.get(state)
+        s.cache = next
+      })
+
+      const scope = yield* Scope.Scope
+
+      const ensure = Effect.fn("File.ensure")(function* () {
+        const s = yield* InstanceState.get(state)
+        if (!s.fiber)
+          s.fiber = yield* scan().pipe(
+            Effect.catchCause(() => Effect.void),
+            Effect.ensuring(
+              Effect.sync(() => {
+                s.fiber = undefined
+              }),
+            ),
+            Effect.forkIn(scope),
+          )
+        yield* Fiber.join(s.fiber)
+      })
+
+      const init = Effect.fn("File.init")(function* () {
+        yield* ensure()
+      })
+
+      const status = Effect.fn("File.status")(function* () {
+        if (Instance.project.vcs !== "git") return []
+
+        return yield* Effect.promise(async () => {
+          const diffOutput = (
+            await git(["-c", "core.fsmonitor=false", "-c", "core.quotepath=false", "diff", "--numstat", "HEAD"], {
+              cwd: Instance.directory,
+            })
+          ).text()
+
+          const changed: File.Info[] = []
+
+          if (diffOutput.trim()) {
+            for (const line of diffOutput.trim().split("\n")) {
+              const [added, removed, file] = line.split("\t")
+              changed.push({
+                path: file,
+                added: added === "-" ? 0 : parseInt(added, 10),
+                removed: removed === "-" ? 0 : parseInt(removed, 10),
+                status: "modified",
+              })
+            }
+          }
+
+          const untrackedOutput = (
+            await git(
+              [
+                "-c",
+                "core.fsmonitor=false",
+                "-c",
+                "core.quotepath=false",
+                "ls-files",
+                "--others",
+                "--exclude-standard",
+              ],
+              {
+                cwd: Instance.directory,
+              },
+            )
+          ).text()
+
+          if (untrackedOutput.trim()) {
+            for (const file of untrackedOutput.trim().split("\n")) {
+              try {
+                const content = await Filesystem.readText(path.join(Instance.directory, file))
+                changed.push({
+                  path: file,
+                  added: content.split("\n").length,
+                  removed: 0,
+                  status: "added",
+                })
+              } catch {
+                continue
+              }
+            }
+          }
+
+          const deletedOutput = (
+            await git(
+              [
+                "-c",
+                "core.fsmonitor=false",
+                "-c",
+                "core.quotepath=false",
+                "diff",
+                "--name-only",
+                "--diff-filter=D",
+                "HEAD",
+              ],
+              {
+                cwd: Instance.directory,
+              },
+            )
+          ).text()
+
+          if (deletedOutput.trim()) {
+            for (const file of deletedOutput.trim().split("\n")) {
+              changed.push({
+                path: file,
+                added: 0,
+                removed: 0,
+                status: "deleted",
+              })
+            }
+          }
+
+          return changed.map((item) => {
+            const full = path.isAbsolute(item.path) ? item.path : path.join(Instance.directory, item.path)
+            return {
+              ...item,
+              path: path.relative(Instance.directory, full),
+            }
+          })
+        })
+      })
+
+      const read = Effect.fn("File.read")(function* (file: string) {
+        return yield* Effect.promise(async (): Promise<File.Content> => {
+          using _ = log.time("read", { file })
+          const full = path.join(Instance.directory, file)
+
+          if (!Instance.containsPath(full)) {
+            throw new Error("Access denied: path escapes project directory")
+          }
+
+          if (isImageByExtension(file)) {
+            if (await Filesystem.exists(full)) {
+              const buffer = await Filesystem.readBytes(full).catch(() => Buffer.from([]))
+              return {
+                type: "text",
+                content: buffer.toString("base64"),
+                mimeType: getImageMimeType(file),
+                encoding: "base64",
+              }
+            }
+            return { type: "text", content: "" }
+          }
+
+          const knownText = isTextByExtension(file) || isTextByName(file)
+
+          if (isBinaryByExtension(file) && !knownText) {
+            return { type: "binary", content: "" }
+          }
+
+          if (!(await Filesystem.exists(full))) {
+            return { type: "text", content: "" }
+          }
+
+          const mimeType = Filesystem.mimeType(full)
+          const encode = knownText ? false : shouldEncode(mimeType)
+
+          if (encode && !isImage(mimeType)) {
+            return { type: "binary", content: "", mimeType }
+          }
+
+          if (encode) {
+            const buffer = await Filesystem.readBytes(full).catch(() => Buffer.from([]))
+            return {
+              type: "text",
+              content: buffer.toString("base64"),
+              mimeType,
+              encoding: "base64",
+            }
+          }
+
+          const content = (await Filesystem.readText(full).catch(() => "")).trim()
+
+          if (Instance.project.vcs === "git") {
+            let diff = (
+              await git(["-c", "core.fsmonitor=false", "diff", "--", file], { cwd: Instance.directory })
+            ).text()
+            if (!diff.trim()) {
+              diff = (
+                await git(["-c", "core.fsmonitor=false", "diff", "--staged", "--", file], {
+                  cwd: Instance.directory,
+                })
+              ).text()
+            }
+            if (diff.trim()) {
+              const original = (await git(["show", `HEAD:${file}`], { cwd: Instance.directory })).text()
+              const patch = structuredPatch(file, file, original, content, "old", "new", {
+                context: Infinity,
+                ignoreWhitespace: true,
+              })
+              return {
+                type: "text",
+                content,
+                patch,
+                diff: formatPatch(patch),
+              }
+            }
+          }
+
+          return { type: "text", content }
+        })
+      })
+
+      const list = Effect.fn("File.list")(function* (dir?: string) {
+        return yield* Effect.promise(async () => {
+          const exclude = [".git", ".DS_Store"]
+          let ignored = (_: string) => false
+          if (Instance.project.vcs === "git") {
+            const ig = ignore()
+            const gitignore = path.join(Instance.project.worktree, ".gitignore")
+            if (await Filesystem.exists(gitignore)) {
+              ig.add(await Filesystem.readText(gitignore))
+            }
+            const ignoreFile = path.join(Instance.project.worktree, ".ignore")
+            if (await Filesystem.exists(ignoreFile)) {
+              ig.add(await Filesystem.readText(ignoreFile))
+            }
+            ignored = ig.ignores.bind(ig)
+          }
+
+          const resolved = dir ? path.join(Instance.directory, dir) : Instance.directory
+          if (!Instance.containsPath(resolved)) {
+            throw new Error("Access denied: path escapes project directory")
+          }
+
+          const nodes: File.Node[] = []
+          for (const entry of await fs.promises.readdir(resolved, { withFileTypes: true }).catch(() => [])) {
+            if (exclude.includes(entry.name)) continue
+            const absolute = path.join(resolved, entry.name)
+            const file = path.relative(Instance.directory, absolute)
+            const type = entry.isDirectory() ? "directory" : "file"
+            nodes.push({
+              name: entry.name,
+              path: file,
+              absolute,
+              type,
+              ignored: ignored(type === "directory" ? file + "/" : file),
+            })
+          }
+
+          return nodes.sort((a, b) => {
+            if (a.type !== b.type) return a.type === "directory" ? -1 : 1
+            return a.name.localeCompare(b.name)
+          })
+        })
+      })
+
+      const search = Effect.fn("File.search")(function* (input: {
+        query: string
+        limit?: number
+        dirs?: boolean
+        type?: "file" | "directory"
+      }) {
+        yield* ensure()
+        const { cache } = yield* InstanceState.get(state)
+
+        return yield* Effect.promise(async () => {
+          const query = input.query.trim()
+          const limit = input.limit ?? 100
+          const kind = input.type ?? (input.dirs === false ? "file" : "all")
+          log.info("search", { query, kind })
+
+          const result = cache
+          const preferHidden = query.startsWith(".") || query.includes("/.")
+
+          if (!query) {
+            if (kind === "file") return result.files.slice(0, limit)
+            return sortHiddenLast(result.dirs.toSorted(), preferHidden).slice(0, limit)
+          }
+
+          const items =
+            kind === "file" ? result.files : kind === "directory" ? result.dirs : [...result.files, ...result.dirs]
+
+          const searchLimit = kind === "directory" && !preferHidden ? limit * 20 : limit
+          const sorted = fuzzysort.go(query, items, { limit: searchLimit }).map((item) => item.target)
+          const output = kind === "directory" ? sortHiddenLast(sorted, preferHidden).slice(0, limit) : sorted
+
+          log.info("search", { query, kind, results: output.length })
+          return output
+        })
+      })
+
+      log.info("init")
+      return Service.of({ init, status, read, list, search })
+    }),
+  )
+
+  const { runPromise } = makeRuntime(Service, layer)

  export function init() {
-    return runPromiseInstance(S.Service.use((svc) => svc.init()))
+    return runPromise((svc) => svc.init())
  }

  export async function status() {
-    return runPromiseInstance(S.Service.use((svc) => svc.status()))
+    return runPromise((svc) => svc.status())
  }

  export async function read(file: string): Promise<Content> {
-    return runPromiseInstance(S.Service.use((svc) => svc.read(file)))
+    return runPromise((svc) => svc.read(file))
  }

  export async function list(dir?: string) {
-    return runPromiseInstance(S.Service.use((svc) => svc.list(dir)))
+    return runPromise((svc) => svc.list(dir))
  }

  export async function search(input: { query: string; limit?: number; dirs?: boolean; type?: "file" | "directory" }) {
-    return runPromiseInstance(S.Service.use((svc) => svc.search(input)))
+    return runPromise((svc) => svc.search(input))
  }
 }
--- a/packages/opencode/src/file/service.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/file/service.ts
@@ -1,674 +0,0 @@
-import { BusEvent } from "@/bus/bus-event"
-import { InstanceContext } from "@/effect/instance-context"
-import { git } from "@/util/git"
-import { Effect, Fiber, Layer, Scope, ServiceMap } from "effect"
-import { formatPatch, structuredPatch } from "diff"
-import fs from "fs"
-import fuzzysort from "fuzzysort"
-import ignore from "ignore"
-import path from "path"
-import z from "zod"
-import { Global } from "../global"
-import { Instance } from "../project/instance"
-import { Filesystem } from "../util/filesystem"
-import { Log } from "../util/log"
-import { Protected } from "./protected"
-import { Ripgrep } from "./ripgrep"
-
-export namespace File {
-  export const Info = z
-    .object({
-      path: z.string(),
-      added: z.number().int(),
-      removed: z.number().int(),
-      status: z.enum(["added", "deleted", "modified"]),
-    })
-    .meta({
-      ref: "File",
-    })
-
-  export type Info = z.infer<typeof Info>
-
-  export const Node = z
-    .object({
-      name: z.string(),
-      path: z.string(),
-      absolute: z.string(),
-      type: z.enum(["file", "directory"]),
-      ignored: z.boolean(),
-    })
-    .meta({
-      ref: "FileNode",
-    })
-  export type Node = z.infer<typeof Node>
-
-  export const Content = z
-    .object({
-      type: z.enum(["text", "binary"]),
-      content: z.string(),
-      diff: z.string().optional(),
-      patch: z
-        .object({
-          oldFileName: z.string(),
-          newFileName: z.string(),
-          oldHeader: z.string().optional(),
-          newHeader: z.string().optional(),
-          hunks: z.array(
-            z.object({
-              oldStart: z.number(),
-              oldLines: z.number(),
-              newStart: z.number(),
-              newLines: z.number(),
-              lines: z.array(z.string()),
-            }),
-          ),
-          index: z.string().optional(),
-        })
-        .optional(),
-      encoding: z.literal("base64").optional(),
-      mimeType: z.string().optional(),
-    })
-    .meta({
-      ref: "FileContent",
-    })
-  export type Content = z.infer<typeof Content>
-
-  export const Event = {
-    Edited: BusEvent.define(
-      "file.edited",
-      z.object({
-        file: z.string(),
-      }),
-    ),
-  }
-
-  const log = Log.create({ service: "file" })
-
-  const binary = new Set([
-    "exe",
-    "dll",
-    "pdb",
-    "bin",
-    "so",
-    "dylib",
-    "o",
-    "a",
-    "lib",
-    "wav",
-    "mp3",
-    "ogg",
-    "oga",
-    "ogv",
-    "ogx",
-    "flac",
-    "aac",
-    "wma",
-    "m4a",
-    "weba",
-    "mp4",
-    "avi",
-    "mov",
-    "wmv",
-    "flv",
-    "webm",
-    "mkv",
-    "zip",
-    "tar",
-    "gz",
-    "gzip",
-    "bz",
-    "bz2",
-    "bzip",
-    "bzip2",
-    "7z",
-    "rar",
-    "xz",
-    "lz",
-    "z",
-    "pdf",
-    "doc",
-    "docx",
-    "ppt",
-    "pptx",
-    "xls",
-    "xlsx",
-    "dmg",
-    "iso",
-    "img",
-    "vmdk",
-    "ttf",
-    "otf",
-    "woff",
-    "woff2",
-    "eot",
-    "sqlite",
-    "db",
-    "mdb",
-    "apk",
-    "ipa",
-    "aab",
-    "xapk",
-    "app",
-    "pkg",
-    "deb",
-    "rpm",
-    "snap",
-    "flatpak",
-    "appimage",
-    "msi",
-    "msp",
-    "jar",
-    "war",
-    "ear",
-    "class",
-    "kotlin_module",
-    "dex",
-    "vdex",
-    "odex",
-    "oat",
-    "art",
-    "wasm",
-    "wat",
-    "bc",
-    "ll",
-    "s",
-    "ko",
-    "sys",
-    "drv",
-    "efi",
-    "rom",
-    "com",
-    "cmd",
-    "ps1",
-    "sh",
-    "bash",
-    "zsh",
-    "fish",
-  ])
-
-  const image = new Set([
-    "png",
-    "jpg",
-    "jpeg",
-    "gif",
-    "bmp",
-    "webp",
-    "ico",
-    "tif",
-    "tiff",
-    "svg",
-    "svgz",
-    "avif",
-    "apng",
-    "jxl",
-    "heic",
-    "heif",
-    "raw",
-    "cr2",
-    "nef",
-    "arw",
-    "dng",
-    "orf",
-    "raf",
-    "pef",
-    "x3f",
-  ])
-
-  const text = new Set([
-    "ts",
-    "tsx",
-    "mts",
-    "cts",
-    "mtsx",
-    "ctsx",
-    "js",
-    "jsx",
-    "mjs",
-    "cjs",
-    "sh",
-    "bash",
-    "zsh",
-    "fish",
-    "ps1",
-    "psm1",
-    "cmd",
-    "bat",
-    "json",
-    "jsonc",
-    "json5",
-    "yaml",
-    "yml",
-    "toml",
-    "md",
-    "mdx",
-    "txt",
-    "xml",
-    "html",
-    "htm",
-    "css",
-    "scss",
-    "sass",
-    "less",
-    "graphql",
-    "gql",
-    "sql",
-    "ini",
-    "cfg",
-    "conf",
-    "env",
-  ])
-
-  const textName = new Set([
-    "dockerfile",
-    "makefile",
-    ".gitignore",
-    ".gitattributes",
-    ".editorconfig",
-    ".npmrc",
-    ".nvmrc",
-    ".prettierrc",
-    ".eslintrc",
-  ])
-
-  const mime: Record<string, string> = {
-    png: "image/png",
-    jpg: "image/jpeg",
-    jpeg: "image/jpeg",
-    gif: "image/gif",
-    bmp: "image/bmp",
-    webp: "image/webp",
-    ico: "image/x-icon",
-    tif: "image/tiff",
-    tiff: "image/tiff",
-    svg: "image/svg+xml",
-    svgz: "image/svg+xml",
-    avif: "image/avif",
-    apng: "image/apng",
-    jxl: "image/jxl",
-    heic: "image/heic",
-    heif: "image/heif",
-  }
-
-  type Entry = { files: string[]; dirs: string[] }
-
-  const ext = (file: string) => path.extname(file).toLowerCase().slice(1)
-  const name = (file: string) => path.basename(file).toLowerCase()
-  const isImageByExtension = (file: string) => image.has(ext(file))
-  const isTextByExtension = (file: string) => text.has(ext(file))
-  const isTextByName = (file: string) => textName.has(name(file))
-  const isBinaryByExtension = (file: string) => binary.has(ext(file))
-  const isImage = (mimeType: string) => mimeType.startsWith("image/")
-  const getImageMimeType = (file: string) => mime[ext(file)] || "image/" + ext(file)
-
-  function shouldEncode(mimeType: string) {
-    const type = mimeType.toLowerCase()
-    log.info("shouldEncode", { type })
-    if (!type) return false
-    if (type.startsWith("text/")) return false
-    if (type.includes("charset=")) return false
-    const top = type.split("/", 2)[0]
-    return ["image", "audio", "video", "font", "model", "multipart"].includes(top)
-  }
-
-  const hidden = (item: string) => {
-    const normalized = item.replaceAll("\\", "/").replace(/\/+$/, "")
-    return normalized.split("/").some((part) => part.startsWith(".") && part.length > 1)
-  }
-
-  const sortHiddenLast = (items: string[], prefer: boolean) => {
-    if (prefer) return items
-    const visible: string[] = []
-    const hiddenItems: string[] = []
-    for (const item of items) {
-      if (hidden(item)) hiddenItems.push(item)
-      else visible.push(item)
-    }
-    return [...visible, ...hiddenItems]
-  }
-
-  export interface Interface {
-    readonly init: () => Effect.Effect<void>
-    readonly status: () => Effect.Effect<File.Info[]>
-    readonly read: (file: string) => Effect.Effect<File.Content>
-    readonly list: (dir?: string) => Effect.Effect<File.Node[]>
-    readonly search: (input: {
-      query: string
-      limit?: number
-      dirs?: boolean
-      type?: "file" | "directory"
-    }) => Effect.Effect<string[]>
-  }
-
-  export class Service extends ServiceMap.Service<Service, Interface>()("@opencode/File") {}
-
-  export const layer = Layer.effect(
-    Service,
-    Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const instance = yield* InstanceContext
-      let cache: Entry = { files: [], dirs: [] }
-      const isGlobalHome = instance.directory === Global.Path.home && instance.project.id === "global"
-
-      const scan = Effect.fn("File.scan")(function* () {
-        if (instance.directory === path.parse(instance.directory).root) return
-        const next: Entry = { files: [], dirs: [] }
-
-        yield* Effect.promise(async () => {
-          if (isGlobalHome) {
-            const dirs = new Set<string>()
-            const protectedNames = Protected.names()
-            const ignoreNested = new Set(["node_modules", "dist", "build", "target", "vendor"])
-            const shouldIgnoreName = (name: string) => name.startsWith(".") || protectedNames.has(name)
-            const shouldIgnoreNested = (name: string) => name.startsWith(".") || ignoreNested.has(name)
-            const top = await fs.promises
-              .readdir(instance.directory, { withFileTypes: true })
-              .catch(() => [] as fs.Dirent[])
-
-            for (const entry of top) {
-              if (!entry.isDirectory()) continue
-              if (shouldIgnoreName(entry.name)) continue
-              dirs.add(entry.name + "/")
-
-              const base = path.join(instance.directory, entry.name)
-              const children = await fs.promises.readdir(base, { withFileTypes: true }).catch(() => [] as fs.Dirent[])
-              for (const child of children) {
-                if (!child.isDirectory()) continue
-                if (shouldIgnoreNested(child.name)) continue
-                dirs.add(entry.name + "/" + child.name + "/")
-              }
-            }
-
-            next.dirs = Array.from(dirs).toSorted()
-          } else {
-            const seen = new Set<string>()
-            for await (const file of Ripgrep.files({ cwd: instance.directory })) {
-              next.files.push(file)
-              let current = file
-              while (true) {
-                const dir = path.dirname(current)
-                if (dir === ".") break
-                if (dir === current) break
-                current = dir
-                if (seen.has(dir)) continue
-                seen.add(dir)
-                next.dirs.push(dir + "/")
-              }
-            }
-          }
-        })
-
-        cache = next
-      })
-
-      const getFiles = () => cache
-
-      const scope = yield* Scope.Scope
-      let fiber: Fiber.Fiber<void> | undefined
-
-      const init = Effect.fn("File.init")(function* () {
-        if (!fiber) {
-          fiber = yield* scan().pipe(
-            Effect.catchCause(() => Effect.void),
-            Effect.forkIn(scope),
-          )
-        }
-        yield* Fiber.join(fiber)
-      })
-
-      const status = Effect.fn("File.status")(function* () {
-        if (instance.project.vcs !== "git") return []
-
-        return yield* Effect.promise(async () => {
-          const diffOutput = (
-            await git(["-c", "core.fsmonitor=false", "-c", "core.quotepath=false", "diff", "--numstat", "HEAD"], {
-              cwd: instance.directory,
-            })
-          ).text()
-
-          const changed: File.Info[] = []
-
-          if (diffOutput.trim()) {
-            for (const line of diffOutput.trim().split("\n")) {
-              const [added, removed, file] = line.split("\t")
-              changed.push({
-                path: file,
-                added: added === "-" ? 0 : parseInt(added, 10),
-                removed: removed === "-" ? 0 : parseInt(removed, 10),
-                status: "modified",
-              })
-            }
-          }
-
-          const untrackedOutput = (
-            await git(
-              [
-                "-c",
-                "core.fsmonitor=false",
-                "-c",
-                "core.quotepath=false",
-                "ls-files",
-                "--others",
-                "--exclude-standard",
-              ],
-              {
-                cwd: instance.directory,
-              },
-            )
-          ).text()
-
-          if (untrackedOutput.trim()) {
-            for (const file of untrackedOutput.trim().split("\n")) {
-              try {
-                const content = await Filesystem.readText(path.join(instance.directory, file))
-                changed.push({
-                  path: file,
-                  added: content.split("\n").length,
-                  removed: 0,
-                  status: "added",
-                })
-              } catch {
-                continue
-              }
-            }
-          }
-
-          const deletedOutput = (
-            await git(
-              [
-                "-c",
-                "core.fsmonitor=false",
-                "-c",
-                "core.quotepath=false",
-                "diff",
-                "--name-only",
-                "--diff-filter=D",
-                "HEAD",
-              ],
-              {
-                cwd: instance.directory,
-              },
-            )
-          ).text()
-
-          if (deletedOutput.trim()) {
-            for (const file of deletedOutput.trim().split("\n")) {
-              changed.push({
-                path: file,
-                added: 0,
-                removed: 0,
-                status: "deleted",
-              })
-            }
-          }
-
-          return changed.map((item) => {
-            const full = path.isAbsolute(item.path) ? item.path : path.join(instance.directory, item.path)
-            return {
-              ...item,
-              path: path.relative(instance.directory, full),
-            }
-          })
-        })
-      })
-
-      const read = Effect.fn("File.read")(function* (file: string) {
-        return yield* Effect.promise(async (): Promise<File.Content> => {
-          using _ = log.time("read", { file })
-          const full = path.join(instance.directory, file)
-
-          if (!Instance.containsPath(full)) {
-            throw new Error("Access denied: path escapes project directory")
-          }
-
-          if (isImageByExtension(file)) {
-            if (await Filesystem.exists(full)) {
-              const buffer = await Filesystem.readBytes(full).catch(() => Buffer.from([]))
-              return {
-                type: "text",
-                content: buffer.toString("base64"),
-                mimeType: getImageMimeType(file),
-                encoding: "base64",
-              }
-            }
-            return { type: "text", content: "" }
-          }
-
-          const knownText = isTextByExtension(file) || isTextByName(file)
-
-          if (isBinaryByExtension(file) && !knownText) {
-            return { type: "binary", content: "" }
-          }
-
-          if (!(await Filesystem.exists(full))) {
-            return { type: "text", content: "" }
-          }
-
-          const mimeType = Filesystem.mimeType(full)
-          const encode = knownText ? false : shouldEncode(mimeType)
-
-          if (encode && !isImage(mimeType)) {
-            return { type: "binary", content: "", mimeType }
-          }
-
-          if (encode) {
-            const buffer = await Filesystem.readBytes(full).catch(() => Buffer.from([]))
-            return {
-              type: "text",
-              content: buffer.toString("base64"),
-              mimeType,
-              encoding: "base64",
-            }
-          }
-
-          const content = (await Filesystem.readText(full).catch(() => "")).trim()
-
-          if (instance.project.vcs === "git") {
-            let diff = (
-              await git(["-c", "core.fsmonitor=false", "diff", "--", file], { cwd: instance.directory })
-            ).text()
-            if (!diff.trim()) {
-              diff = (
-                await git(["-c", "core.fsmonitor=false", "diff", "--staged", "--", file], {
-                  cwd: instance.directory,
-                })
-              ).text()
-            }
-            if (diff.trim()) {
-              const original = (await git(["show", `HEAD:${file}`], { cwd: instance.directory })).text()
-              const patch = structuredPatch(file, file, original, content, "old", "new", {
-                context: Infinity,
-                ignoreWhitespace: true,
-              })
-              return {
-                type: "text",
-                content,
-                patch,
-                diff: formatPatch(patch),
-              }
-            }
-          }
-
-          return { type: "text", content }
-        })
-      })
-
-      const list = Effect.fn("File.list")(function* (dir?: string) {
-        return yield* Effect.promise(async () => {
-          const exclude = [".git", ".DS_Store"]
-          let ignored = (_: string) => false
-          if (instance.project.vcs === "git") {
-            const ig = ignore()
-            const gitignore = path.join(instance.project.worktree, ".gitignore")
-            if (await Filesystem.exists(gitignore)) {
-              ig.add(await Filesystem.readText(gitignore))
-            }
-            const ignoreFile = path.join(instance.project.worktree, ".ignore")
-            if (await Filesystem.exists(ignoreFile)) {
-              ig.add(await Filesystem.readText(ignoreFile))
-            }
-            ignored = ig.ignores.bind(ig)
-          }
-
-          const resolved = dir ? path.join(instance.directory, dir) : instance.directory
-          if (!Instance.containsPath(resolved)) {
-            throw new Error("Access denied: path escapes project directory")
-          }
-
-          const nodes: File.Node[] = []
-          for (const entry of await fs.promises.readdir(resolved, { withFileTypes: true }).catch(() => [])) {
-            if (exclude.includes(entry.name)) continue
-            const absolute = path.join(resolved, entry.name)
-            const file = path.relative(instance.directory, absolute)
-            const type = entry.isDirectory() ? "directory" : "file"
-            nodes.push({
-              name: entry.name,
-              path: file,
-              absolute,
-              type,
-              ignored: ignored(type === "directory" ? file + "/" : file),
-            })
-          }
-
-          return nodes.sort((a, b) => {
-            if (a.type !== b.type) return a.type === "directory" ? -1 : 1
-            return a.name.localeCompare(b.name)
-          })
-        })
-      })
-
-      const search = Effect.fn("File.search")(function* (input: {
-        query: string
-        limit?: number
-        dirs?: boolean
-        type?: "file" | "directory"
-      }) {
-        return yield* Effect.promise(async () => {
-          const query = input.query.trim()
-          const limit = input.limit ?? 100
-          const kind = input.type ?? (input.dirs === false ? "file" : "all")
-          log.info("search", { query, kind })
-
-          const result = getFiles()
-          const preferHidden = query.startsWith(".") || query.includes("/.")
-
-          if (!query) {
-            if (kind === "file") return result.files.slice(0, limit)
-            return sortHiddenLast(result.dirs.toSorted(), preferHidden).slice(0, limit)
-          }
-
-          const items =
-            kind === "file" ? result.files : kind === "directory" ? result.dirs : [...result.files, ...result.dirs]
-
-          const searchLimit = kind === "directory" && !preferHidden ? limit * 20 : limit
-          const sorted = fuzzysort.go(query, items, { limit: searchLimit }).map((item) => item.target)
-          const output = kind === "directory" ? sortHiddenLast(sorted, preferHidden).slice(0, limit) : sorted
-
-          log.info("search", { query, kind, results: output.length })
-          return output
-        })
-      })
-
-      log.info("init")
-      return Service.of({ init, status, read, list, search })
-    }),
-  ).pipe(Layer.fresh)
-}
--- a/packages/opencode/src/file/time-service.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/file/time-service.ts
@@ -1,93 +0,0 @@
-import { DateTime, Effect, Layer, Semaphore, ServiceMap } from "effect"
-import { Flag } from "@/flag/flag"
-import type { SessionID } from "@/session/schema"
-import { Filesystem } from "../util/filesystem"
-import { Log } from "../util/log"
-
-export namespace FileTime {
-  const log = Log.create({ service: "file.time" })
-
-  export type Stamp = {
-    readonly read: Date
-    readonly mtime: number | undefined
-    readonly ctime: number | undefined
-    readonly size: number | undefined
-  }
-
-  const stamp = Effect.fnUntraced(function* (file: string) {
-    const stat = Filesystem.stat(file)
-    const size = typeof stat?.size === "bigint" ? Number(stat.size) : stat?.size
-    return {
-      read: yield* DateTime.nowAsDate,
-      mtime: stat?.mtime?.getTime(),
-      ctime: stat?.ctime?.getTime(),
-      size,
-    }
-  })
-
-  const session = (reads: Map<SessionID, Map<string, Stamp>>, sessionID: SessionID) => {
-    const value = reads.get(sessionID)
-    if (value) return value
-
-    const next = new Map<string, Stamp>()
-    reads.set(sessionID, next)
-    return next
-  }
-
-  export interface Interface {
-    readonly read: (sessionID: SessionID, file: string) => Effect.Effect<void>
-    readonly get: (sessionID: SessionID, file: string) => Effect.Effect<Date | undefined>
-    readonly assert: (sessionID: SessionID, filepath: string) => Effect.Effect<void>
-    readonly withLock: <T>(filepath: string, fn: () => Promise<T>) => Effect.Effect<T>
-  }
-
-  export class Service extends ServiceMap.Service<Service, Interface>()("@opencode/FileTime") {}
-
-  export const layer = Layer.effect(
-    Service,
-    Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const disableCheck = yield* Flag.OPENCODE_DISABLE_FILETIME_CHECK
-      const reads = new Map<SessionID, Map<string, Stamp>>()
-      const locks = new Map<string, Semaphore.Semaphore>()
-
-      const getLock = (filepath: string) => {
-        const lock = locks.get(filepath)
-        if (lock) return lock
-
-        const next = Semaphore.makeUnsafe(1)
-        locks.set(filepath, next)
-        return next
-      }
-
-      const read = Effect.fn("FileTime.read")(function* (sessionID: SessionID, file: string) {
-        log.info("read", { sessionID, file })
-        session(reads, sessionID).set(file, yield* stamp(file))
-      })
-
-      const get = Effect.fn("FileTime.get")(function* (sessionID: SessionID, file: string) {
-        return reads.get(sessionID)?.get(file)?.read
-      })
-
-      const assert = Effect.fn("FileTime.assert")(function* (sessionID: SessionID, filepath: string) {
-        if (disableCheck) return
-
-        const time = reads.get(sessionID)?.get(filepath)
-        if (!time) throw new Error(`You must read file ${filepath} before overwriting it. Use the Read tool first`)
-
-        const next = yield* stamp(filepath)
-        const changed = next.mtime !== time.mtime || next.ctime !== time.ctime || next.size !== time.size
-        if (!changed) return
-
-        throw new Error(
-          `File ${filepath} has been modified since it was last read.\nLast modification: ${new Date(next.mtime ?? next.read.getTime()).toISOString()}\nLast read: ${time.read.toISOString()}\n\nPlease read the file again before modifying it.`,
-        )
-      })
-
-      const withLock = Effect.fn("FileTime.withLock")(function* <T>(filepath: string, fn: () => Promise<T>) {
-        return yield* Effect.promise(fn).pipe(getLock(filepath).withPermits(1))
-      })
-
-      return Service.of({ read, get, assert, withLock })
-    }),
-  ).pipe(Layer.orDie, Layer.fresh)
-}
--- a/packages/opencode/src/file/time.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/file/time.ts
@@ -1,28 +1,128 @@
-import { runPromiseInstance } from "@/effect/runtime"
+import { DateTime, Effect, Layer, Semaphore, ServiceMap } from "effect"
+import { InstanceState } from "@/effect/instance-state"
+import { makeRuntime } from "@/effect/run-service"
+import { Flag } from "@/flag/flag"
 import type { SessionID } from "@/session/schema"
-import { FileTime as S } from "./time-service"
+import { Filesystem } from "../util/filesystem"
+import { Log } from "../util/log"

 export namespace FileTime {
-  export type Stamp = S.Stamp
+  const log = Log.create({ service: "file.time" })

-  export type Interface = S.Interface
+  export type Stamp = {
+    readonly read: Date
+    readonly mtime: number | undefined
+    readonly ctime: number | undefined
+    readonly size: number | undefined
+  }

-  export const Service = S.Service
-  export const layer = S.layer
+  const stamp = Effect.fnUntraced(function* (file: string) {
+    const stat = Filesystem.stat(file)
+    const size = typeof stat?.size === "bigint" ? Number(stat.size) : stat?.size
+    return {
+      read: yield* DateTime.nowAsDate,
+      mtime: stat?.mtime?.getTime(),
+      ctime: stat?.ctime?.getTime(),
+      size,
+    }
+  })
+
+  const session = (reads: Map<SessionID, Map<string, Stamp>>, sessionID: SessionID) => {
+    const value = reads.get(sessionID)
+    if (value) return value
+
+    const next = new Map<string, Stamp>()
+    reads.set(sessionID, next)
+    return next
+  }
+
+  interface State {
+    reads: Map<SessionID, Map<string, Stamp>>
+    locks: Map<string, Semaphore.Semaphore>
+  }
+
+  export interface Interface {
+    readonly read: (sessionID: SessionID, file: string) => Effect.Effect<void>
+    readonly get: (sessionID: SessionID, file: string) => Effect.Effect<Date | undefined>
+    readonly assert: (sessionID: SessionID, filepath: string) => Effect.Effect<void>
+    readonly withLock: <T>(filepath: string, fn: () => Promise<T>) => Effect.Effect<T>
+  }
+
+  export class Service extends ServiceMap.Service<Service, Interface>()("@opencode/FileTime") {}
+
+  export const layer = Layer.effect(
+    Service,
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const disableCheck = yield* Flag.OPENCODE_DISABLE_FILETIME_CHECK
+      const state = yield* InstanceState.make<State>(
+        Effect.fn("FileTime.state")(() =>
+          Effect.succeed({
+            reads: new Map<SessionID, Map<string, Stamp>>(),
+            locks: new Map<string, Semaphore.Semaphore>(),
+          }),
+        ),
+      )
+
+      const getLock = Effect.fn("FileTime.lock")(function* (filepath: string) {
+        const locks = (yield* InstanceState.get(state)).locks
+        const lock = locks.get(filepath)
+        if (lock) return lock
+
+        const next = Semaphore.makeUnsafe(1)
+        locks.set(filepath, next)
+        return next
+      })
+
+      const read = Effect.fn("FileTime.read")(function* (sessionID: SessionID, file: string) {
+        const reads = (yield* InstanceState.get(state)).reads
+        log.info("read", { sessionID, file })
+        session(reads, sessionID).set(file, yield* stamp(file))
+      })
+
+      const get = Effect.fn("FileTime.get")(function* (sessionID: SessionID, file: string) {
+        const reads = (yield* InstanceState.get(state)).reads
+        return reads.get(sessionID)?.get(file)?.read
+      })
+
+      const assert = Effect.fn("FileTime.assert")(function* (sessionID: SessionID, filepath: string) {
+        if (disableCheck) return
+
+        const reads = (yield* InstanceState.get(state)).reads
+        const time = reads.get(sessionID)?.get(filepath)
+        if (!time) throw new Error(`You must read file ${filepath} before overwriting it. Use the Read tool first`)
+
+        const next = yield* stamp(filepath)
+        const changed = next.mtime !== time.mtime || next.ctime !== time.ctime || next.size !== time.size
+        if (!changed) return
+
+        throw new Error(
+          `File ${filepath} has been modified since it was last read.\nLast modification: ${new Date(next.mtime ?? next.read.getTime()).toISOString()}\nLast read: ${time.read.toISOString()}\n\nPlease read the file again before modifying it.`,
+        )
+      })
+
+      const withLock = Effect.fn("FileTime.withLock")(function* <T>(filepath: string, fn: () => Promise<T>) {
+        return yield* Effect.promise(fn).pipe((yield* getLock(filepath)).withPermits(1))
+      })
+
+      return Service.of({ read, get, assert, withLock })
+    }),
+  ).pipe(Layer.orDie)
+
+  const { runPromise } = makeRuntime(Service, layer)

  export function read(sessionID: SessionID, file: string) {
-    return runPromiseInstance(S.Service.use((s) => s.read(sessionID, file)))
+    return runPromise((s) => s.read(sessionID, file))
  }

  export function get(sessionID: SessionID, file: string) {
-    return runPromiseInstance(S.Service.use((s) => s.get(sessionID, file)))
+    return runPromise((s) => s.get(sessionID, file))
  }

  export async function assert(sessionID: SessionID, filepath: string) {
-    return runPromiseInstance(S.Service.use((s) => s.assert(sessionID, filepath)))
+    return runPromise((s) => s.assert(sessionID, filepath))
  }

  export async function withLock<T>(filepath: string, fn: () => Promise<T>): Promise<T> {
-    return runPromiseInstance(S.Service.use((s) => s.withLock(filepath, fn)))
+    return runPromise((s) => s.withLock(filepath, fn))
  }
 }
--- a/packages/opencode/src/file/watcher.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/file/watcher.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { Cause, Effect, Layer, ServiceMap } from "effect"
+import { Cause, Effect, Layer, Scope, ServiceMap } from "effect"
 // @ts-ignore
 import { createWrapper } from "@parcel/watcher/wrapper"
 import type ParcelWatcher from "@parcel/watcher"
@@ -7,7 +7,8 @@ import path from "path"
 import z from "zod"
 import { Bus } from "@/bus"
 import { BusEvent } from "@/bus/bus-event"
-import { InstanceContext } from "@/effect/instance-context"
+import { InstanceState } from "@/effect/instance-state"
+import { makeRuntime } from "@/effect/run-service"
 import { Flag } from "@/flag/flag"
 import { Instance } from "@/project/instance"
 import { git } from "@/util/git"
@@ -60,82 +61,107 @@ export namespace FileWatcher {

  export const hasNativeBinding = () => !!watcher()

-  export class Service extends ServiceMap.Service<Service, {}>()("@opencode/FileWatcher") {}
+  export interface Interface {
+    readonly init: () => Effect.Effect<void>
+  }
+
+  export class Service extends ServiceMap.Service<Service, Interface>()("@opencode/FileWatcher") {}

  export const layer = Layer.effect(
    Service,
    Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const instance = yield* InstanceContext
-      if (yield* Flag.OPENCODE_EXPERIMENTAL_DISABLE_FILEWATCHER) return Service.of({})
+      const state = yield* InstanceState.make(
+        Effect.fn("FileWatcher.state")(
+          function* () {
+            if (yield* Flag.OPENCODE_EXPERIMENTAL_DISABLE_FILEWATCHER) return

-      log.info("init", { directory: instance.directory })
+            log.info("init", { directory: Instance.directory })

-      const backend = getBackend()
-      if (!backend) {
-        log.error("watcher backend not supported", { directory: instance.directory, platform: process.platform })
-        return Service.of({})
-      }
+            const backend = getBackend()
+            if (!backend) {
+              log.error("watcher backend not supported", { directory: Instance.directory, platform: process.platform })
+              return
+            }

-      const w = watcher()
-      if (!w) return Service.of({})
+            const w = watcher()
+            if (!w) return

-      log.info("watcher backend", { directory: instance.directory, platform: process.platform, backend })
+            log.info("watcher backend", { directory: Instance.directory, platform: process.platform, backend })

-      const subs: ParcelWatcher.AsyncSubscription[] = []
-      yield* Effect.addFinalizer(() => Effect.promise(() => Promise.allSettled(subs.map((sub) => sub.unsubscribe()))))
+            const subs: ParcelWatcher.AsyncSubscription[] = []
+            yield* Effect.addFinalizer(() =>
+              Effect.promise(() => Promise.allSettled(subs.map((sub) => sub.unsubscribe()))),
+            )

-      const cb: ParcelWatcher.SubscribeCallback = Instance.bind((err, evts) => {
-        if (err) return
-        for (const evt of evts) {
-          if (evt.type === "create") Bus.publish(Event.Updated, { file: evt.path, event: "add" })
-          if (evt.type === "update") Bus.publish(Event.Updated, { file: evt.path, event: "change" })
-          if (evt.type === "delete") Bus.publish(Event.Updated, { file: evt.path, event: "unlink" })
-        }
-      })
+            const cb: ParcelWatcher.SubscribeCallback = Instance.bind((err, evts) => {
+              if (err) return
+              for (const evt of evts) {
+                if (evt.type === "create") Bus.publish(Event.Updated, { file: evt.path, event: "add" })
+                if (evt.type === "update") Bus.publish(Event.Updated, { file: evt.path, event: "change" })
+                if (evt.type === "delete") Bus.publish(Event.Updated, { file: evt.path, event: "unlink" })
+              }
+            })

-      const subscribe = (dir: string, ignore: string[]) => {
-        const pending = w.subscribe(dir, cb, { ignore, backend })
-        return Effect.gen(function* () {
-          const sub = yield* Effect.promise(() => pending)
-          subs.push(sub)
-        }).pipe(
-          Effect.timeout(SUBSCRIBE_TIMEOUT_MS),
+            const subscribe = (dir: string, ignore: string[]) => {
+              const pending = w.subscribe(dir, cb, { ignore, backend })
+              return Effect.gen(function* () {
+                const sub = yield* Effect.promise(() => pending)
+                subs.push(sub)
+              }).pipe(
+                Effect.timeout(SUBSCRIBE_TIMEOUT_MS),
+                Effect.catchCause((cause) => {
+                  log.error("failed to subscribe", { dir, cause: Cause.pretty(cause) })
+                  pending.then((s) => s.unsubscribe()).catch(() => {})
+                  return Effect.void
+                }),
+              )
+            }
+
+            const cfg = yield* Effect.promise(() => Config.get())
+            const cfgIgnores = cfg.watcher?.ignore ?? []
+
+            if (yield* Flag.OPENCODE_EXPERIMENTAL_FILEWATCHER) {
+              yield* subscribe(Instance.directory, [
+                ...FileIgnore.PATTERNS,
+                ...cfgIgnores,
+                ...protecteds(Instance.directory),
+              ])
+            }
+
+            if (Instance.project.vcs === "git") {
+              const result = yield* Effect.promise(() =>
+                git(["rev-parse", "--git-dir"], {
+                  cwd: Instance.project.worktree,
+                }),
+              )
+              const vcsDir =
+                result.exitCode === 0 ? path.resolve(Instance.project.worktree, result.text().trim()) : undefined
+              if (vcsDir && !cfgIgnores.includes(".git") && !cfgIgnores.includes(vcsDir)) {
+                const ignore = (yield* Effect.promise(() => readdir(vcsDir).catch(() => []))).filter(
+                  (entry) => entry !== "HEAD",
+                )
+                yield* subscribe(vcsDir, ignore)
+              }
+            }
+          },
          Effect.catchCause((cause) => {
-            log.error("failed to subscribe", { dir, cause: Cause.pretty(cause) })
-            pending.then((s) => s.unsubscribe()).catch(() => {})
+            log.error("failed to init watcher service", { cause: Cause.pretty(cause) })
            return Effect.void
          }),
-        )
-      }
+        ),
+      )

-      const cfg = yield* Effect.promise(() => Config.get())
-      const cfgIgnores = cfg.watcher?.ignore ?? []
+      return Service.of({
+        init: Effect.fn("FileWatcher.init")(function* () {
+          yield* InstanceState.get(state)
+        }),
+      })
+    }),
+  )

-      if (yield* Flag.OPENCODE_EXPERIMENTAL_FILEWATCHER) {
-        yield* subscribe(instance.directory, [...FileIgnore.PATTERNS, ...cfgIgnores, ...protecteds(instance.directory)])
-      }
+  const { runPromise } = makeRuntime(Service, layer)

-      if (instance.project.vcs === "git") {
-        const result = yield* Effect.promise(() =>
-          git(["rev-parse", "--git-dir"], {
-            cwd: instance.project.worktree,
-          }),
-        )
-        const vcsDir = result.exitCode === 0 ? path.resolve(instance.project.worktree, result.text().trim()) : undefined
-        if (vcsDir && !cfgIgnores.includes(".git") && !cfgIgnores.includes(vcsDir)) {
-          const ignore = (yield* Effect.promise(() => readdir(vcsDir).catch(() => []))).filter(
-            (entry) => entry !== "HEAD",
-          )
-          yield* subscribe(vcsDir, ignore)
-        }
-      }
-
-      return Service.of({})
-    }).pipe(
-      Effect.catchCause((cause) => {
-        log.error("failed to init watcher service", { cause: Cause.pretty(cause) })
-        return Effect.succeed(Service.of({}))
-      }),
-    ),
-  ).pipe(Layer.orDie, Layer.fresh)
+  export function init() {
+    return runPromise((svc) => svc.init())
+  }
 }
--- a/packages/opencode/src/flag/flag.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/flag/flag.ts
@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@ export namespace Flag {
  export const OPENCODE_EXPERIMENTAL_MARKDOWN = !falsy("OPENCODE_EXPERIMENTAL_MARKDOWN")
  export const OPENCODE_MODELS_URL = process.env["OPENCODE_MODELS_URL"]
  export const OPENCODE_MODELS_PATH = process.env["OPENCODE_MODELS_PATH"]
+  export const OPENCODE_DB = process.env["OPENCODE_DB"]
  export const OPENCODE_DISABLE_CHANNEL_DB = truthy("OPENCODE_DISABLE_CHANNEL_DB")
  export const OPENCODE_SKIP_MIGRATIONS = truthy("OPENCODE_SKIP_MIGRATIONS")
  export const OPENCODE_STRICT_CONFIG_DEPS = truthy("OPENCODE_STRICT_CONFIG_DEPS")
--- a/packages/opencode/src/format/index.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/format/index.ts
@@ -1,16 +1,183 @@
-import { runPromiseInstance } from "@/effect/runtime"
-import { Format as S } from "./service"
+import { Effect, Layer, ServiceMap } from "effect"
+import { InstanceState } from "@/effect/instance-state"
+import { makeRuntime } from "@/effect/run-service"
+import path from "path"
+import { mergeDeep } from "remeda"
+import z from "zod"
+import { Config } from "../config/config"
+import { Instance } from "../project/instance"
+import { Process } from "../util/process"
+import { Log } from "../util/log"
+import * as Formatter from "./formatter"

 export namespace Format {
-  export const Status = S.Status
-  export type Status = S.Status
+  const log = Log.create({ service: "format" })

-  export type Interface = S.Interface
+  export const Status = z
+    .object({
+      name: z.string(),
+      extensions: z.string().array(),
+      enabled: z.boolean(),
+    })
+    .meta({
+      ref: "FormatterStatus",
+    })
+  export type Status = z.infer<typeof Status>

-  export const Service = S.Service
-  export const layer = S.layer
+  export interface Interface {
+    readonly init: () => Effect.Effect<void>
+    readonly status: () => Effect.Effect<Status[]>
+    readonly file: (filepath: string) => Effect.Effect<void>
+  }
+
+  export class Service extends ServiceMap.Service<Service, Interface>()("@opencode/Format") {}
+
+  export const layer = Layer.effect(
+    Service,
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const state = yield* InstanceState.make(
+        Effect.fn("Format.state")(function* (_ctx) {
+          const enabled: Record<string, boolean> = {}
+          const formatters: Record<string, Formatter.Info> = {}
+
+          const cfg = yield* Effect.promise(() => Config.get())
+
+          if (cfg.formatter !== false) {
+            for (const item of Object.values(Formatter)) {
+              formatters[item.name] = item
+            }
+            for (const [name, item] of Object.entries(cfg.formatter ?? {})) {
+              if (item.disabled) {
+                delete formatters[name]
+                continue
+              }
+              const info = mergeDeep(formatters[name] ?? {}, {
+                command: [],
+                extensions: [],
+                ...item,
+              })
+
+              if (info.command.length === 0) continue
+
+              formatters[name] = {
+                ...info,
+                name,
+                enabled: async () => true,
+              }
+            }
+          } else {
+            log.info("all formatters are disabled")
+          }
+
+          async function isEnabled(item: Formatter.Info) {
+            let status = enabled[item.name]
+            if (status === undefined) {
+              status = await item.enabled()
+              enabled[item.name] = status
+            }
+            return status
+          }
+
+          async function getFormatter(ext: string) {
+            const matching = Object.values(formatters).filter((item) => item.extensions.includes(ext))
+            const checks = await Promise.all(
+              matching.map(async (item) => {
+                log.info("checking", { name: item.name, ext })
+                const on = await isEnabled(item)
+                if (on) {
+                  log.info("enabled", { name: item.name, ext })
+                }
+                return {
+                  item,
+                  enabled: on,
+                }
+              }),
+            )
+            return checks.filter((x) => x.enabled).map((x) => x.item)
+          }
+
+          async function formatFile(filepath: string) {
+            log.info("formatting", { file: filepath })
+            const ext = path.extname(filepath)
+
+            for (const item of await getFormatter(ext)) {
+              log.info("running", { command: item.command })
+              try {
+                const proc = Process.spawn(
+                  item.command.map((x) => x.replace("$FILE", filepath)),
+                  {
+                    cwd: Instance.directory,
+                    env: { ...process.env, ...item.environment },
+                    stdout: "ignore",
+                    stderr: "ignore",
+                  },
+                )
+                const exit = await proc.exited
+                if (exit !== 0) {
+                  log.error("failed", {
+                    command: item.command,
+                    ...item.environment,
+                  })
+                }
+              } catch (error) {
+                log.error("failed to format file", {
+                  error,
+                  command: item.command,
+                  ...item.environment,
+                  file: filepath,
+                })
+              }
+            }
+          }
+
+          log.info("init")
+
+          return {
+            formatters,
+            isEnabled,
+            formatFile,
+          }
+        }),
+      )
+
+      const init = Effect.fn("Format.init")(function* () {
+        yield* InstanceState.get(state)
+      })
+
+      const status = Effect.fn("Format.status")(function* () {
+        const { formatters, isEnabled } = yield* InstanceState.get(state)
+        const result: Status[] = []
+        for (const formatter of Object.values(formatters)) {
+          const isOn = yield* Effect.promise(() => isEnabled(formatter))
+          result.push({
+            name: formatter.name,
+            extensions: formatter.extensions,
+            enabled: isOn,
+          })
+        }
+        return result
+      })
+
+      const file = Effect.fn("Format.file")(function* (filepath: string) {
+        const { formatFile } = yield* InstanceState.get(state)
+        yield* Effect.promise(() => formatFile(filepath))
+      })
+
+      return Service.of({ init, status, file })
+    }),
+  )
+
+  const { runPromise } = makeRuntime(Service, layer)
+
+  export async function init() {
+    return runPromise((s) => s.init())
+  }

  export async function status() {
-    return runPromiseInstance(S.Service.use((s) => s.status()))
+    return runPromise((s) => s.status())
+  }
+
+  export async function file(filepath: string) {
+    return runPromise((s) => s.file(filepath))
  }
 }
--- a/packages/opencode/src/format/service.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/format/service.ts
@@ -1,152 +0,0 @@
-import { Effect, Layer, ServiceMap } from "effect"
-import { InstanceContext } from "@/effect/instance-context"
-import path from "path"
-import { mergeDeep } from "remeda"
-import z from "zod"
-import { Bus } from "../bus"
-import { Config } from "../config/config"
-import { File } from "../file/service"
-import { Instance } from "../project/instance"
-import { Process } from "../util/process"
-import { Log } from "../util/log"
-import * as Formatter from "./formatter"
-
-export namespace Format {
-  const log = Log.create({ service: "format" })
-
-  export const Status = z
-    .object({
-      name: z.string(),
-      extensions: z.string().array(),
-      enabled: z.boolean(),
-    })
-    .meta({
-      ref: "FormatterStatus",
-    })
-  export type Status = z.infer<typeof Status>
-
-  export interface Interface {
-    readonly status: () => Effect.Effect<Status[]>
-  }
-
-  export class Service extends ServiceMap.Service<Service, Interface>()("@opencode/Format") {}
-
-  export const layer = Layer.effect(
-    Service,
-    Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const instance = yield* InstanceContext
-
-      const enabled: Record<string, boolean> = {}
-      const formatters: Record<string, Formatter.Info> = {}
-
-      const cfg = yield* Effect.promise(() => Config.get())
-
-      if (cfg.formatter !== false) {
-        for (const item of Object.values(Formatter)) {
-          formatters[item.name] = item
-        }
-        for (const [name, item] of Object.entries(cfg.formatter ?? {})) {
-          if (item.disabled) {
-            delete formatters[name]
-            continue
-          }
-          const info = mergeDeep(formatters[name] ?? {}, {
-            command: [],
-            extensions: [],
-            ...item,
-          })
-
-          if (info.command.length === 0) continue
-
-          formatters[name] = {
-            ...info,
-            name,
-            enabled: async () => true,
-          }
-        }
-      } else {
-        log.info("all formatters are disabled")
-      }
-
-      async function isEnabled(item: Formatter.Info) {
-        let status = enabled[item.name]
-        if (status === undefined) {
-          status = await item.enabled()
-          enabled[item.name] = status
-        }
-        return status
-      }
-
-      async function getFormatter(ext: string) {
-        const result = []
-        for (const item of Object.values(formatters)) {
-          log.info("checking", { name: item.name, ext })
-          if (!item.extensions.includes(ext)) continue
-          if (!(await isEnabled(item))) continue
-          log.info("enabled", { name: item.name, ext })
-          result.push(item)
-        }
-        return result
-      }
-
-      yield* Effect.acquireRelease(
-        Effect.sync(() =>
-          Bus.subscribe(
-            File.Event.Edited,
-            Instance.bind(async (payload) => {
-              const file = payload.properties.file
-              log.info("formatting", { file })
-              const ext = path.extname(file)
-
-              for (const item of await getFormatter(ext)) {
-                log.info("running", { command: item.command })
-                try {
-                  const proc = Process.spawn(
-                    item.command.map((x) => x.replace("$FILE", file)),
-                    {
-                      cwd: instance.directory,
-                      env: { ...process.env, ...item.environment },
-                      stdout: "ignore",
-                      stderr: "ignore",
-                    },
-                  )
-                  const exit = await proc.exited
-                  if (exit !== 0) {
-                    log.error("failed", {
-                      command: item.command,
-                      ...item.environment,
-                    })
-                  }
-                } catch (error) {
-                  log.error("failed to format file", {
-                    error,
-                    command: item.command,
-                    ...item.environment,
-                    file,
-                  })
-                }
-              }
-            }),
-          ),
-        ),
-        (unsubscribe) => Effect.sync(unsubscribe),
-      )
-      log.info("init")
-
-      const status = Effect.fn("Format.status")(function* () {
-        const result: Status[] = []
-        for (const formatter of Object.values(formatters)) {
-          const isOn = yield* Effect.promise(() => isEnabled(formatter))
-          result.push({
-            name: formatter.name,
-            extensions: formatter.extensions,
-            enabled: isOn,
-          })
-        }
-        return result
-      })
-
-      return Service.of({ status })
-    }),
-  ).pipe(Layer.fresh)
-}
--- a/packages/opencode/src/installation/index.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/installation/index.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { NodeChildProcessSpawner, NodeFileSystem, NodePath } from "@effect/platform-node"
 import { Effect, Layer, Schema, ServiceMap, Stream } from "effect"
 import { FetchHttpClient, HttpClient, HttpClientRequest, HttpClientResponse } from "effect/unstable/http"
+import { makeRuntime } from "@/effect/run-service"
 import { withTransientReadRetry } from "@/util/effect-http-client"
 import { ChildProcess, ChildProcessSpawner } from "effect/unstable/process"
 import path from "path"
@@ -293,7 +294,7 @@ export namespace Installation {
              result = yield* run(["scoop", "install", `opencode@${target}`])
              break
            default:
-              throw new Error(`Unknown method: ${m}`)
+              return yield* new UpgradeFailedError({ stderr: `Unknown method: ${m}` })
          }
          if (!result || result.code !== 0) {
            const stderr = m === "choco" ? "not running from an elevated command shell" : result?.stderr || ""
@@ -329,27 +330,21 @@ export namespace Installation {
    Layer.provide(NodePath.layer),
  )

-  // Legacy adapters — dynamic import avoids circular dependency since
-  // foundational modules (db.ts, provider/models.ts) import Installation
-  // at load time, and runtime transitively loads those same modules.
-  async function runPromise<A>(f: (service: Interface) => Effect.Effect<A, any>) {
-    const { runtime } = await import("@/effect/runtime")
-    return runtime.runPromise(Service.use(f))
-  }
+  const { runPromise } = makeRuntime(Service, defaultLayer)

-  export function info(): Promise<Info> {
+  export async function info(): Promise<Info> {
    return runPromise((svc) => svc.info())
  }

-  export function method(): Promise<Method> {
+  export async function method(): Promise<Method> {
    return runPromise((svc) => svc.method())
  }

-  export function latest(installMethod?: Method): Promise<string> {
+  export async function latest(installMethod?: Method): Promise<string> {
    return runPromise((svc) => svc.latest(installMethod))
  }

-  export function upgrade(m: Method, target: string): Promise<void> {
+  export async function upgrade(m: Method, target: string): Promise<void> {
    return runPromise((svc) => svc.upgrade(m, target))
  }
 }
--- a/packages/opencode/src/permission/index.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/permission/index.ts
@@ -1,52 +1,322 @@
-import { runPromiseInstance } from "@/effect/runtime"
-import { fn } from "@/util/fn"
+import { Bus } from "@/bus"
+import { BusEvent } from "@/bus/bus-event"
+import { Config } from "@/config/config"
+import { InstanceState } from "@/effect/instance-state"
+import { makeRuntime } from "@/effect/run-service"
+import { ProjectID } from "@/project/schema"
+import { Instance } from "@/project/instance"
+import { MessageID, SessionID } from "@/session/schema"
+import { PermissionTable } from "@/session/session.sql"
+import { Database, eq } from "@/storage/db"
+import { Log } from "@/util/log"
+import { Wildcard } from "@/util/wildcard"
+import { Deferred, Effect, Layer, Schema, ServiceMap } from "effect"
+import os from "os"
 import z from "zod"
-import { Permission as S } from "./service"
+import { evaluate as evalRule } from "./evaluate"
+import { PermissionID } from "./schema"

-export namespace PermissionNext {
-  export const Action = S.Action
-  export type Action = S.Action
+export namespace Permission {
+  const log = Log.create({ service: "permission" })

-  export const Rule = S.Rule
-  export type Rule = S.Rule
+  export const Action = z.enum(["allow", "deny", "ask"]).meta({
+    ref: "PermissionAction",
+  })
+  export type Action = z.infer<typeof Action>

-  export const Ruleset = S.Ruleset
-  export type Ruleset = S.Ruleset
+  export const Rule = z
+    .object({
+      permission: z.string(),
+      pattern: z.string(),
+      action: Action,
+    })
+    .meta({
+      ref: "PermissionRule",
+    })
+  export type Rule = z.infer<typeof Rule>

-  export const Request = S.Request
-  export type Request = S.Request
+  export const Ruleset = Rule.array().meta({
+    ref: "PermissionRuleset",
+  })
+  export type Ruleset = z.infer<typeof Ruleset>

-  export const Reply = S.Reply
-  export type Reply = S.Reply
+  export const Request = z
+    .object({
+      id: PermissionID.zod,
+      sessionID: SessionID.zod,
+      permission: z.string(),
+      patterns: z.string().array(),
+      metadata: z.record(z.string(), z.any()),
+      always: z.string().array(),
+      tool: z
+        .object({
+          messageID: MessageID.zod,
+          callID: z.string(),
+        })
+        .optional(),
+    })
+    .meta({
+      ref: "PermissionRequest",
+    })
+  export type Request = z.infer<typeof Request>

-  export const Approval = S.Approval
-  export type Approval = z.infer<typeof S.Approval>
+  export const Reply = z.enum(["once", "always", "reject"])
+  export type Reply = z.infer<typeof Reply>

-  export const Event = S.Event
+  export const Approval = z.object({
+    projectID: ProjectID.zod,
+    patterns: z.string().array(),
+  })

-  export const RejectedError = S.RejectedError
-  export const CorrectedError = S.CorrectedError
-  export const DeniedError = S.DeniedError
-  export type Error = S.Error
+  export const Event = {
+    Asked: BusEvent.define("permission.asked", Request),
+    Replied: BusEvent.define(
+      "permission.replied",
+      z.object({
+        sessionID: SessionID.zod,
+        requestID: PermissionID.zod,
+        reply: Reply,
+      }),
+    ),
+  }

-  export const AskInput = S.AskInput
-  export const ReplyInput = S.ReplyInput
+  export class RejectedError extends Schema.TaggedErrorClass<RejectedError>()("PermissionRejectedError", {}) {
+    override get message() {
+      return "The user rejected permission to use this specific tool call."
+    }
+  }

-  export type Interface = S.Interface
+  export class CorrectedError extends Schema.TaggedErrorClass<CorrectedError>()("PermissionCorrectedError", {
+    feedback: Schema.String,
+  }) {
+    override get message() {
+      return `The user rejected permission to use this specific tool call with the following feedback: ${this.feedback}`
+    }
+  }

-  export const Service = S.Service
-  export const layer = S.layer
+  export class DeniedError extends Schema.TaggedErrorClass<DeniedError>()("PermissionDeniedError", {
+    ruleset: Schema.Any,
+  }) {
+    override get message() {
+      return `The user has specified a rule which prevents you from using this specific tool call. Here are some of the relevant rules ${JSON.stringify(this.ruleset)}`
+    }
+  }

-  export const evaluate = S.evaluate
-  export const fromConfig = S.fromConfig
-  export const merge = S.merge
-  export const disabled = S.disabled
+  export type Error = DeniedError | RejectedError | CorrectedError

-  export const ask = fn(S.AskInput, async (input) => runPromiseInstance(S.Service.use((s) => s.ask(input))))
+  export const AskInput = Request.partial({ id: true }).extend({
+    ruleset: Ruleset,
+  })

-  export const reply = fn(S.ReplyInput, async (input) => runPromiseInstance(S.Service.use((s) => s.reply(input))))
+  export const ReplyInput = z.object({
+    requestID: PermissionID.zod,
+    reply: Reply,
+    message: z.string().optional(),
+  })
+
+  export interface Interface {
+    readonly ask: (input: z.infer<typeof AskInput>) => Effect.Effect<void, Error>
+    readonly reply: (input: z.infer<typeof ReplyInput>) => Effect.Effect<void>
+    readonly list: () => Effect.Effect<Request[]>
+  }
+
+  interface PendingEntry {
+    info: Request
+    deferred: Deferred.Deferred<void, RejectedError | CorrectedError>
+  }
+
+  interface State {
+    pending: Map<PermissionID, PendingEntry>
+    approved: Ruleset
+  }
+
+  export function evaluate(permission: string, pattern: string, ...rulesets: Ruleset[]): Rule {
+    log.info("evaluate", { permission, pattern, ruleset: rulesets.flat() })
+    return evalRule(permission, pattern, ...rulesets)
+  }
+
+  export class Service extends ServiceMap.Service<Service, Interface>()("@opencode/Permission") {}
+
+  export const layer = Layer.effect(
+    Service,
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const state = yield* InstanceState.make<State>(
+        Effect.fn("Permission.state")(function* (ctx) {
+          const row = Database.use((db) =>
+            db.select().from(PermissionTable).where(eq(PermissionTable.project_id, ctx.project.id)).get(),
+          )
+          const state = {
+            pending: new Map<PermissionID, PendingEntry>(),
+            approved: row?.data ?? [],
+          }
+
+          yield* Effect.addFinalizer(() =>
+            Effect.gen(function* () {
+              for (const item of state.pending.values()) {
+                yield* Deferred.fail(item.deferred, new RejectedError())
+              }
+              state.pending.clear()
+            }),
+          )
+
+          return state
+        }),
+      )
+
+      const ask = Effect.fn("Permission.ask")(function* (input: z.infer<typeof AskInput>) {
+        const { approved, pending } = yield* InstanceState.get(state)
+        const { ruleset, ...request } = input
+        let needsAsk = false
+
+        for (const pattern of request.patterns) {
+          const rule = evaluate(request.permission, pattern, ruleset, approved)
+          log.info("evaluated", { permission: request.permission, pattern, action: rule })
+          if (rule.action === "deny") {
+            return yield* new DeniedError({
+              ruleset: ruleset.filter((rule) => Wildcard.match(request.permission, rule.permission)),
+            })
+          }
+          if (rule.action === "allow") continue
+          needsAsk = true
+        }
+
+        if (!needsAsk) return
+
+        const id = request.id ?? PermissionID.ascending()
+        const info: Request = {
+          id,
+          ...request,
+        }
+        log.info("asking", { id, permission: info.permission, patterns: info.patterns })
+
+        const deferred = yield* Deferred.make<void, RejectedError | CorrectedError>()
+        pending.set(id, { info, deferred })
+        void Bus.publish(Event.Asked, info)
+        return yield* Effect.ensuring(
+          Deferred.await(deferred),
+          Effect.sync(() => {
+            pending.delete(id)
+          }),
+        )
+      })
+
+      const reply = Effect.fn("Permission.reply")(function* (input: z.infer<typeof ReplyInput>) {
+        const { approved, pending } = yield* InstanceState.get(state)
+        const existing = pending.get(input.requestID)
+        if (!existing) return
+
+        pending.delete(input.requestID)
+        void Bus.publish(Event.Replied, {
+          sessionID: existing.info.sessionID,
+          requestID: existing.info.id,
+          reply: input.reply,
+        })
+
+        if (input.reply === "reject") {
+          yield* Deferred.fail(
+            existing.deferred,
+            input.message ? new CorrectedError({ feedback: input.message }) : new RejectedError(),
+          )
+
+          for (const [id, item] of pending.entries()) {
+            if (item.info.sessionID !== existing.info.sessionID) continue
+            pending.delete(id)
+            void Bus.publish(Event.Replied, {
+              sessionID: item.info.sessionID,
+              requestID: item.info.id,
+              reply: "reject",
+            })
+            yield* Deferred.fail(item.deferred, new RejectedError())
+          }
+          return
+        }
+
+        yield* Deferred.succeed(existing.deferred, undefined)
+        if (input.reply === "once") return
+
+        for (const pattern of existing.info.always) {
+          approved.push({
+            permission: existing.info.permission,
+            pattern,
+            action: "allow",
+          })
+        }
+
+        for (const [id, item] of pending.entries()) {
+          if (item.info.sessionID !== existing.info.sessionID) continue
+          const ok = item.info.patterns.every(
+            (pattern) => evaluate(item.info.permission, pattern, approved).action === "allow",
+          )
+          if (!ok) continue
+          pending.delete(id)
+          void Bus.publish(Event.Replied, {
+            sessionID: item.info.sessionID,
+            requestID: item.info.id,
+            reply: "always",
+          })
+          yield* Deferred.succeed(item.deferred, undefined)
+        }
+      })
+
+      const list = Effect.fn("Permission.list")(function* () {
+        const pending = (yield* InstanceState.get(state)).pending
+        return Array.from(pending.values(), (item) => item.info)
+      })
+
+      return Service.of({ ask, reply, list })
+    }),
+  )
+
+  function expand(pattern: string): string {
+    if (pattern.startsWith("~/")) return os.homedir() + pattern.slice(1)
+    if (pattern === "~") return os.homedir()
+    if (pattern.startsWith("$HOME/")) return os.homedir() + pattern.slice(5)
+    if (pattern.startsWith("$HOME")) return os.homedir() + pattern.slice(5)
+    return pattern
+  }
+
+  export function fromConfig(permission: Config.Permission) {
+    const ruleset: Ruleset = []
+    for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(permission)) {
+      if (typeof value === "string") {
+        ruleset.push({ permission: key, action: value, pattern: "*" })
+        continue
+      }
+      ruleset.push(
+        ...Object.entries(value).map(([pattern, action]) => ({ permission: key, pattern: expand(pattern), action })),
+      )
+    }
+    return ruleset
+  }
+
+  export function merge(...rulesets: Ruleset[]): Ruleset {
+    return rulesets.flat()
+  }
+
+  const EDIT_TOOLS = ["edit", "write", "apply_patch", "multiedit"]
+
+  export function disabled(tools: string[], ruleset: Ruleset): Set<string> {
+    const result = new Set<string>()
+    for (const tool of tools) {
+      const permission = EDIT_TOOLS.includes(tool) ? "edit" : tool
+      const rule = ruleset.findLast((rule) => Wildcard.match(permission, rule.permission))
+      if (!rule) continue
+      if (rule.pattern === "*" && rule.action === "deny") result.add(tool)
+    }
+    return result
+  }
+
+  export const { runPromise } = makeRuntime(Service, layer)
+
+  export async function ask(input: z.infer<typeof AskInput>) {
+    return runPromise((s) => s.ask(input))
+  }
+
+  export async function reply(input: z.infer<typeof ReplyInput>) {
+    return runPromise((s) => s.reply(input))
+  }

  export async function list() {
-    return runPromiseInstance(S.Service.use((s) => s.list()))
+    return runPromise((s) => s.list())
  }
 }
--- a/packages/opencode/src/permission/service.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/permission/service.ts
@@ -1,282 +0,0 @@
-import { Bus } from "@/bus"
-import { BusEvent } from "@/bus/bus-event"
-import { Config } from "@/config/config"
-import { InstanceContext } from "@/effect/instance-context"
-import { ProjectID } from "@/project/schema"
-import { MessageID, SessionID } from "@/session/schema"
-import { PermissionTable } from "@/session/session.sql"
-import { Database, eq } from "@/storage/db"
-import { Log } from "@/util/log"
-import { Wildcard } from "@/util/wildcard"
-import { Deferred, Effect, Layer, Schema, ServiceMap } from "effect"
-import os from "os"
-import z from "zod"
-import { evaluate as evalRule } from "./evaluate"
-import { PermissionID } from "./schema"
-
-export namespace Permission {
-  const log = Log.create({ service: "permission" })
-
-  export const Action = z.enum(["allow", "deny", "ask"]).meta({
-    ref: "PermissionAction",
-  })
-  export type Action = z.infer<typeof Action>
-
-  export const Rule = z
-    .object({
-      permission: z.string(),
-      pattern: z.string(),
-      action: Action,
-    })
-    .meta({
-      ref: "PermissionRule",
-    })
-  export type Rule = z.infer<typeof Rule>
-
-  export const Ruleset = Rule.array().meta({
-    ref: "PermissionRuleset",
-  })
-  export type Ruleset = z.infer<typeof Ruleset>
-
-  export const Request = z
-    .object({
-      id: PermissionID.zod,
-      sessionID: SessionID.zod,
-      permission: z.string(),
-      patterns: z.string().array(),
-      metadata: z.record(z.string(), z.any()),
-      always: z.string().array(),
-      tool: z
-        .object({
-          messageID: MessageID.zod,
-          callID: z.string(),
-        })
-        .optional(),
-    })
-    .meta({
-      ref: "PermissionRequest",
-    })
-  export type Request = z.infer<typeof Request>
-
-  export const Reply = z.enum(["once", "always", "reject"])
-  export type Reply = z.infer<typeof Reply>
-
-  export const Approval = z.object({
-    projectID: ProjectID.zod,
-    patterns: z.string().array(),
-  })
-
-  export const Event = {
-    Asked: BusEvent.define("permission.asked", Request),
-    Replied: BusEvent.define(
-      "permission.replied",
-      z.object({
-        sessionID: SessionID.zod,
-        requestID: PermissionID.zod,
-        reply: Reply,
-      }),
-    ),
-  }
-
-  export class RejectedError extends Schema.TaggedErrorClass<RejectedError>()("PermissionRejectedError", {}) {
-    override get message() {
-      return "The user rejected permission to use this specific tool call."
-    }
-  }
-
-  export class CorrectedError extends Schema.TaggedErrorClass<CorrectedError>()("PermissionCorrectedError", {
-    feedback: Schema.String,
-  }) {
-    override get message() {
-      return `The user rejected permission to use this specific tool call with the following feedback: ${this.feedback}`
-    }
-  }
-
-  export class DeniedError extends Schema.TaggedErrorClass<DeniedError>()("PermissionDeniedError", {
-    ruleset: Schema.Any,
-  }) {
-    override get message() {
-      return `The user has specified a rule which prevents you from using this specific tool call. Here are some of the relevant rules ${JSON.stringify(this.ruleset)}`
-    }
-  }
-
-  export type Error = DeniedError | RejectedError | CorrectedError
-
-  export const AskInput = Request.partial({ id: true }).extend({
-    ruleset: Ruleset,
-  })
-
-  export const ReplyInput = z.object({
-    requestID: PermissionID.zod,
-    reply: Reply,
-    message: z.string().optional(),
-  })
-
-  export interface Interface {
-    readonly ask: (input: z.infer<typeof AskInput>) => Effect.Effect<void, Error>
-    readonly reply: (input: z.infer<typeof ReplyInput>) => Effect.Effect<void>
-    readonly list: () => Effect.Effect<Request[]>
-  }
-
-  interface PendingEntry {
-    info: Request
-    deferred: Deferred.Deferred<void, RejectedError | CorrectedError>
-  }
-
-  export function evaluate(permission: string, pattern: string, ...rulesets: Ruleset[]): Rule {
-    log.info("evaluate", { permission, pattern, ruleset: rulesets.flat() })
-    return evalRule(permission, pattern, ...rulesets)
-  }
-
-  export class Service extends ServiceMap.Service<Service, Interface>()("@opencode/PermissionNext") {}
-
-  export const layer = Layer.effect(
-    Service,
-    Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const { project } = yield* InstanceContext
-      const row = Database.use((db) =>
-        db.select().from(PermissionTable).where(eq(PermissionTable.project_id, project.id)).get(),
-      )
-      const pending = new Map<PermissionID, PendingEntry>()
-      const approved: Ruleset = row?.data ?? []
-
-      const ask = Effect.fn("Permission.ask")(function* (input: z.infer<typeof AskInput>) {
-        const { ruleset, ...request } = input
-        let needsAsk = false
-
-        for (const pattern of request.patterns) {
-          const rule = evaluate(request.permission, pattern, ruleset, approved)
-          log.info("evaluated", { permission: request.permission, pattern, action: rule })
-          if (rule.action === "deny") {
-            return yield* new DeniedError({
-              ruleset: ruleset.filter((rule) => Wildcard.match(request.permission, rule.permission)),
-            })
-          }
-          if (rule.action === "allow") continue
-          needsAsk = true
-        }
-
-        if (!needsAsk) return
-
-        const id = request.id ?? PermissionID.ascending()
-        const info: Request = {
-          id,
-          ...request,
-        }
-        log.info("asking", { id, permission: info.permission, patterns: info.patterns })
-
-        const deferred = yield* Deferred.make<void, RejectedError | CorrectedError>()
-        pending.set(id, { info, deferred })
-        void Bus.publish(Event.Asked, info)
-        return yield* Effect.ensuring(
-          Deferred.await(deferred),
-          Effect.sync(() => {
-            pending.delete(id)
-          }),
-        )
-      })
-
-      const reply = Effect.fn("Permission.reply")(function* (input: z.infer<typeof ReplyInput>) {
-        const existing = pending.get(input.requestID)
-        if (!existing) return
-
-        pending.delete(input.requestID)
-        void Bus.publish(Event.Replied, {
-          sessionID: existing.info.sessionID,
-          requestID: existing.info.id,
-          reply: input.reply,
-        })
-
-        if (input.reply === "reject") {
-          yield* Deferred.fail(
-            existing.deferred,
-            input.message ? new CorrectedError({ feedback: input.message }) : new RejectedError(),
-          )
-
-          for (const [id, item] of pending.entries()) {
-            if (item.info.sessionID !== existing.info.sessionID) continue
-            pending.delete(id)
-            void Bus.publish(Event.Replied, {
-              sessionID: item.info.sessionID,
-              requestID: item.info.id,
-              reply: "reject",
-            })
-            yield* Deferred.fail(item.deferred, new RejectedError())
-          }
-          return
-        }
-
-        yield* Deferred.succeed(existing.deferred, undefined)
-        if (input.reply === "once") return
-
-        for (const pattern of existing.info.always) {
-          approved.push({
-            permission: existing.info.permission,
-            pattern,
-            action: "allow",
-          })
-        }
-
-        for (const [id, item] of pending.entries()) {
-          if (item.info.sessionID !== existing.info.sessionID) continue
-          const ok = item.info.patterns.every(
-            (pattern) => evaluate(item.info.permission, pattern, approved).action === "allow",
-          )
-          if (!ok) continue
-          pending.delete(id)
-          void Bus.publish(Event.Replied, {
-            sessionID: item.info.sessionID,
-            requestID: item.info.id,
-            reply: "always",
-          })
-          yield* Deferred.succeed(item.deferred, undefined)
-        }
-      })
-
-      const list = Effect.fn("Permission.list")(function* () {
-        return Array.from(pending.values(), (item) => item.info)
-      })
-
-      return Service.of({ ask, reply, list })
-    }),
-  ).pipe(Layer.fresh)
-
-  function expand(pattern: string): string {
-    if (pattern.startsWith("~/")) return os.homedir() + pattern.slice(1)
-    if (pattern === "~") return os.homedir()
-    if (pattern.startsWith("$HOME/")) return os.homedir() + pattern.slice(5)
-    if (pattern.startsWith("$HOME")) return os.homedir() + pattern.slice(5)
-    return pattern
-  }
-
-  export function fromConfig(permission: Config.Permission) {
-    const ruleset: Ruleset = []
-    for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(permission)) {
-      if (typeof value === "string") {
-        ruleset.push({ permission: key, action: value, pattern: "*" })
-        continue
-      }
-      ruleset.push(
-        ...Object.entries(value).map(([pattern, action]) => ({ permission: key, pattern: expand(pattern), action })),
-      )
-    }
-    return ruleset
-  }
-
-  export function merge(...rulesets: Ruleset[]): Ruleset {
-    return rulesets.flat()
-  }
-
-  const EDIT_TOOLS = ["edit", "write", "apply_patch", "multiedit"]
-
-  export function disabled(tools: string[], ruleset: Ruleset): Set<string> {
-    const result = new Set<string>()
-    for (const tool of tools) {
-      const permission = EDIT_TOOLS.includes(tool) ? "edit" : tool
-      const rule = ruleset.findLast((rule) => Wildcard.match(permission, rule.permission))
-      if (!rule) continue
-      if (rule.pattern === "*" && rule.action === "deny") result.add(tool)
-    }
-    return result
-  }
-}
--- a/packages/opencode/src/plugin/index.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/plugin/index.ts
@@ -1,19 +1,35 @@
 import type { Hooks, PluginInput, Plugin as PluginInstance } from "@opencode-ai/plugin"
+import { Config } from "../config/config"
 import { Bus } from "../bus"
 import { Log } from "../util/log"
 import { createOpencodeClient } from "@opencode-ai/sdk"
+import { Server } from "../server/server"
 import { BunProc } from "../bun"
 import { Flag } from "../flag/flag"
+import { CodexAuthPlugin } from "./codex"
+import { Session } from "../session"
 import { NamedError } from "@opencode-ai/util/error"
+import { CopilotAuthPlugin } from "./copilot"
+import { gitlabAuthPlugin as GitlabAuthPlugin } from "opencode-gitlab-auth"
 import { Effect, Layer, ServiceMap } from "effect"
-import { InstanceContext } from "@/effect/instance-context"
+import { InstanceState } from "@/effect/instance-state"
+import { makeRuntime } from "@/effect/run-service"

 export namespace Plugin {
  const log = Log.create({ service: "plugin" })

+  type State = {
+    hooks: Hooks[]
+  }
+
+  // Hook names that follow the (input, output) => Promise<void> trigger pattern
+  type TriggerName = {
+    [K in keyof Hooks]-?: NonNullable<Hooks[K]> extends (input: any, output: any) => Promise<void> ? K : never
+  }[keyof Hooks]
+
  export interface Interface {
    readonly trigger: <
-      Name extends Exclude<keyof Required<Hooks>, "auth" | "event" | "tool">,
+      Name extends TriggerName,
      Input = Parameters<Required<Hooks>[Name]>[0],
      Output = Parameters<Required<Hooks>[Name]>[1],
    >(
@@ -27,129 +43,130 @@ export namespace Plugin {

  export class Service extends ServiceMap.Service<Service, Interface>()("@opencode/Plugin") {}

+  // Built-in plugins that are directly imported (not installed from npm)
+  const INTERNAL_PLUGINS: PluginInstance[] = [CodexAuthPlugin, CopilotAuthPlugin, GitlabAuthPlugin]
+
+  // Old npm package names for plugins that are now built-in — skip if users still have them in config
+  const DEPRECATED_PLUGIN_PACKAGES = ["opencode-openai-codex-auth", "opencode-copilot-auth"]
+
  export const layer = Layer.effect(
    Service,
    Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const instance = yield* InstanceContext
-      const hooks: Hooks[] = []
-      let task: Promise<void> | undefined
+      const cache = yield* InstanceState.make<State>(
+        Effect.fn("Plugin.state")(function* (ctx) {
+          const hooks: Hooks[] = []

-      const load = Effect.fn("Plugin.load")(function* () {
-        yield* Effect.promise(async () => {
-          const [{ Config }, { Server }, codex, copilot, gitlab] = await Promise.all([
-            import("../config/config"),
-            import("../server/server"),
-            import("./codex"),
-            import("./copilot"),
-            import("opencode-gitlab-auth"),
-          ])
-          const internal: PluginInstance[] = [codex.CodexAuthPlugin, copilot.CopilotAuthPlugin, gitlab.gitlabAuthPlugin]
-          const client = createOpencodeClient({
-            baseUrl: "http://localhost:4096",
-            directory: instance.directory,
-            headers: Flag.OPENCODE_SERVER_PASSWORD
-              ? {
-                  Authorization: `Basic ${Buffer.from(`${Flag.OPENCODE_SERVER_USERNAME ?? "opencode"}:${Flag.OPENCODE_SERVER_PASSWORD}`).toString("base64")}`,
-                }
-              : undefined,
-            fetch: async (...args) => Server.Default().fetch(...args),
-          })
-          const config = await Config.get()
-          const input: PluginInput = {
-            client,
-            project: instance.project,
-            worktree: instance.worktree,
-            directory: instance.directory,
-            get serverUrl(): URL {
-              return Server.url ?? new URL("http://localhost:4096")
-            },
-            $: Bun.$,
-          }
-
-          for (const plugin of internal) {
-            log.info("loading internal plugin", { name: plugin.name })
-            const init = await plugin(input).catch((err) => {
-              log.error("failed to load internal plugin", { name: plugin.name, error: err })
+          yield* Effect.promise(async () => {
+            const client = createOpencodeClient({
+              baseUrl: "http://localhost:4096",
+              directory: ctx.directory,
+              headers: Flag.OPENCODE_SERVER_PASSWORD
+                ? {
+                    Authorization: `Basic ${Buffer.from(`${Flag.OPENCODE_SERVER_USERNAME ?? "opencode"}:${Flag.OPENCODE_SERVER_PASSWORD}`).toString("base64")}`,
+                  }
+                : undefined,
+              fetch: async (...args) => Server.Default().fetch(...args),
            })
-            if (init) hooks.push(init)
-          }
+            const cfg = await Config.get()
+            const input: PluginInput = {
+              client,
+              project: ctx.project,
+              worktree: ctx.worktree,
+              directory: ctx.directory,
+              get serverUrl(): URL {
+                return Server.url ?? new URL("http://localhost:4096")
+              },
+              $: Bun.$,
+            }

-          let plugins = config.plugin ?? []
-          if (plugins.length) await Config.waitForDependencies()
+            for (const plugin of INTERNAL_PLUGINS) {
+              log.info("loading internal plugin", { name: plugin.name })
+              const init = await plugin(input).catch((err) => {
+                log.error("failed to load internal plugin", { name: plugin.name, error: err })
+              })
+              if (init) hooks.push(init)
+            }

-          for (let plugin of plugins) {
-            // ignore old codex plugin since it is supported first party now
-            if (plugin.includes("opencode-openai-codex-auth") || plugin.includes("opencode-copilot-auth")) continue
-            log.info("loading plugin", { path: plugin })
-            if (!plugin.startsWith("file://")) {
-              const lastAtIndex = plugin.lastIndexOf("@")
-              const pkg = lastAtIndex > 0 ? plugin.substring(0, lastAtIndex) : plugin
-              const version = lastAtIndex > 0 ? plugin.substring(lastAtIndex + 1) : "latest"
-              plugin = await BunProc.install(pkg, version).catch((err) => {
-                const cause = err instanceof Error ? err.cause : err
-                const detail = cause instanceof Error ? cause.message : String(cause ?? err)
-                log.error("failed to install plugin", { pkg, version, error: detail })
-                void import("../session").then(({ Session }) =>
+            let plugins = cfg.plugin ?? []
+            if (plugins.length) await Config.waitForDependencies()
+
+            for (let plugin of plugins) {
+              if (DEPRECATED_PLUGIN_PACKAGES.some((pkg) => plugin.includes(pkg))) continue
+              log.info("loading plugin", { path: plugin })
+              if (!plugin.startsWith("file://")) {
+                const idx = plugin.lastIndexOf("@")
+                const pkg = idx > 0 ? plugin.substring(0, idx) : plugin
+                const version = idx > 0 ? plugin.substring(idx + 1) : "latest"
+                plugin = await BunProc.install(pkg, version).catch((err) => {
+                  const cause = err instanceof Error ? err.cause : err
+                  const detail = cause instanceof Error ? cause.message : String(cause ?? err)
+                  log.error("failed to install plugin", { pkg, version, error: detail })
                  Bus.publish(Session.Event.Error, {
                    error: new NamedError.Unknown({
                      message: `Failed to install plugin ${pkg}@${version}: ${detail}`,
                    }).toObject(),
-                  }),
-                )
-                return ""
-              })
-              if (!plugin) continue
-            }
-            // Prevent duplicate initialization when plugins export the same function
-            // as both a named export and default export (e.g., `export const X` and `export default X`).
-            // Object.entries(mod) would return both entries pointing to the same function reference.
-            await import(plugin)
-              .then(async (mod) => {
-                const seen = new Set<PluginInstance>()
-                for (const [_name, fn] of Object.entries<PluginInstance>(mod)) {
-                  if (seen.has(fn)) continue
-                  seen.add(fn)
-                  hooks.push(await fn(input))
-                }
-              })
-              .catch((err) => {
-                const message = err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err)
-                log.error("failed to load plugin", { path: plugin, error: message })
-                void import("../session").then(({ Session }) =>
+                  })
+                  return ""
+                })
+                if (!plugin) continue
+              }
+
+              // Prevent duplicate initialization when plugins export the same function
+              // as both a named export and default export (e.g., `export const X` and `export default X`).
+              // Object.entries(mod) would return both entries pointing to the same function reference.
+              await import(plugin)
+                .then(async (mod) => {
+                  const seen = new Set<PluginInstance>()
+                  for (const [_name, fn] of Object.entries<PluginInstance>(mod)) {
+                    if (seen.has(fn)) continue
+                    seen.add(fn)
+                    hooks.push(await fn(input))
+                  }
+                })
+                .catch((err) => {
+                  const message = err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err)
+                  log.error("failed to load plugin", { path: plugin, error: message })
                  Bus.publish(Session.Event.Error, {
                    error: new NamedError.Unknown({
                      message: `Failed to load plugin ${plugin}: ${message}`,
                    }).toObject(),
-                  }),
-                )
-              })
-          }
-        })
-      })
+                  })
+                })
+            }

-      const ensure = Effect.fn("Plugin.ensure")(function* () {
-        yield* Effect.promise(() => {
-          task ??= Effect.runPromise(
-            load().pipe(Effect.catchCause((cause) => Effect.sync(() => log.error("init failed", { cause })))),
+            // Notify plugins of current config
+            for (const hook of hooks) {
+              await (hook as any).config?.(cfg)
+            }
+          })
+
+          // Subscribe to bus events, clean up when scope is closed
+          yield* Effect.acquireRelease(
+            Effect.sync(() =>
+              Bus.subscribeAll(async (input) => {
+                for (const hook of hooks) {
+                  hook["event"]?.({ event: input })
+                }
+              }),
+            ),
+            (unsub) => Effect.sync(unsub),
          )
-          return task
-        })
-      })
+
+          return { hooks }
+        }),
+      )

      const trigger = Effect.fn("Plugin.trigger")(function* <
-        Name extends Exclude<keyof Required<Hooks>, "auth" | "event" | "tool">,
+        Name extends TriggerName,
        Input = Parameters<Required<Hooks>[Name]>[0],
        Output = Parameters<Required<Hooks>[Name]>[1],
      >(name: Name, input: Input, output: Output) {
        if (!name) return output
-        yield* ensure()
+        const state = yield* InstanceState.get(cache)
        yield* Effect.promise(async () => {
-          for (const hook of hooks) {
-            const fn = hook[name]
+          for (const hook of state.hooks) {
+            const fn = hook[name] as any
            if (!fn) continue
-            // @ts-expect-error if you feel adventurous, please fix the typing, make sure to bump the try-counter if you
-            // give up.
-            // try-counter: 2
            await fn(input, output)
          }
        })
@@ -157,50 +174,33 @@ export namespace Plugin {
      })

      const list = Effect.fn("Plugin.list")(function* () {
-        yield* ensure()
-        return hooks
+        const state = yield* InstanceState.get(cache)
+        return state.hooks
      })

      const init = Effect.fn("Plugin.init")(function* () {
-        yield* ensure()
-        yield* Effect.promise(async () => {
-          const { Config } = await import("../config/config")
-          const config = await Config.get()
-          for (const hook of hooks) {
-            await (hook as any).config?.(config)
-          }
-          Bus.subscribeAll(async (input) => {
-            for (const hook of hooks) {
-              hook["event"]?.({
-                event: input,
-              })
-            }
-          })
-        })
+        yield* InstanceState.get(cache)
      })

      return Service.of({ trigger, list, init })
    }),
-  ).pipe(Layer.fresh)
+  )

-  async function run<A, E>(effect: Effect.Effect<A, E, Service>) {
-    const { runPromiseInstance } = await import("@/effect/runtime")
-    return runPromiseInstance(effect)
-  }
+  const { runPromise } = makeRuntime(Service, layer)

  export async function trigger<
-    Name extends Exclude<keyof Required<Hooks>, "auth" | "event" | "tool">,
+    Name extends TriggerName,
    Input = Parameters<Required<Hooks>[Name]>[0],
    Output = Parameters<Required<Hooks>[Name]>[1],
  >(name: Name, input: Input, output: Output): Promise<Output> {
-    return run(Service.use((svc) => svc.trigger(name, input, output)))
+    return runPromise((svc) => svc.trigger(name, input, output))
  }

  export async function list(): Promise<Hooks[]> {
-    return run(Service.use((svc) => svc.list()))
+    return runPromise((svc) => svc.list())
  }

  export async function init() {
-    return run(Service.use((svc) => svc.init()))
+    return runPromise((svc) => svc.init())
  }
 }
--- a/packages/opencode/src/project/bootstrap.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/project/bootstrap.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,11 @@
 import { Plugin } from "../plugin"
+import { Format } from "../format"
 import { LSP } from "../lsp"
 import { File } from "../file"
+import { FileWatcher } from "../file/watcher"
+import { Snapshot } from "../snapshot"
 import { Project } from "./project"
+import { Vcs } from "./vcs"
 import { Bus } from "../bus"
 import { Command } from "../command"
 import { Instance } from "./instance"
@@ -12,8 +16,12 @@ export async function InstanceBootstrap() {
  Log.Default.info("bootstrapping", { directory: Instance.directory })
  await Plugin.init()
  ShareNext.init()
+  Format.init()
  await LSP.init()
  File.init()
+  FileWatcher.init()
+  Vcs.init()
+  Snapshot.init()

  Bus.subscribe(Command.Event.Executed, async (payload) => {
    if (payload.properties.name === Command.Default.INIT) {
--- a/packages/opencode/src/project/instance.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/project/instance.ts
@@ -7,13 +7,13 @@ import { Context } from "../util/context"
 import { Project } from "./project"
 import { State } from "./state"

-interface Context {
+export interface Shape {
  directory: string
  worktree: string
  project: Project.Info
 }
-const context = Context.create<Context>("instance")
-const cache = new Map<string, Promise<Context>>()
+const context = Context.create<Shape>("instance")
+const cache = new Map<string, Promise<Shape>>()

 const disposal = {
  all: undefined as Promise<void> | undefined,
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ function boot(input: { directory: string; init?: () => Promise<any>; project?: P
  })
 }

-function track(directory: string, next: Promise<Context>) {
+function track(directory: string, next: Promise<Shape>) {
  const task = next.catch((error) => {
    if (cache.get(directory) === task) cache.delete(directory)
    throw error
--- a/packages/opencode/src/project/vcs.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/project/vcs.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 import { Effect, Layer, ServiceMap } from "effect"
 import { Bus } from "@/bus"
 import { BusEvent } from "@/bus/bus-event"
-import { InstanceContext } from "@/effect/instance-context"
+import { InstanceState } from "@/effect/instance-state"
+import { makeRuntime } from "@/effect/run-service"
 import { FileWatcher } from "@/file/watcher"
 import { Log } from "@/util/log"
 import { git } from "@/util/git"
@@ -30,54 +31,81 @@ export namespace Vcs {
  export type Info = z.infer<typeof Info>

  export interface Interface {
+    readonly init: () => Effect.Effect<void>
    readonly branch: () => Effect.Effect<string | undefined>
  }

+  interface State {
+    current: string | undefined
+  }
+
  export class Service extends ServiceMap.Service<Service, Interface>()("@opencode/Vcs") {}

  export const layer = Layer.effect(
    Service,
    Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const instance = yield* InstanceContext
-      let currentBranch: string | undefined
+      const state = yield* InstanceState.make<State>(
+        Effect.fn("Vcs.state")((ctx) =>
+          Effect.gen(function* () {
+            if (ctx.project.vcs !== "git") {
+              return { current: undefined }
+            }

-      if (instance.project.vcs === "git") {
-        const getCurrentBranch = async () => {
-          const result = await git(["rev-parse", "--abbrev-ref", "HEAD"], {
-            cwd: instance.project.worktree,
-          })
-          if (result.exitCode !== 0) return undefined
-          const text = result.text().trim()
-          return text || undefined
-        }
+            const getCurrentBranch = async () => {
+              const result = await git(["rev-parse", "--abbrev-ref", "HEAD"], {
+                cwd: ctx.worktree,
+              })
+              if (result.exitCode !== 0) return undefined
+              const text = result.text().trim()
+              return text || undefined
+            }

-        currentBranch = yield* Effect.promise(() => getCurrentBranch())
-        log.info("initialized", { branch: currentBranch })
+            const value = {
+              current: yield* Effect.promise(() => getCurrentBranch()),
+            }
+            log.info("initialized", { branch: value.current })

-        yield* Effect.acquireRelease(
-          Effect.sync(() =>
-            Bus.subscribe(
-              FileWatcher.Event.Updated,
-              Instance.bind(async (evt) => {
-                if (!evt.properties.file.endsWith("HEAD")) return
-                const next = await getCurrentBranch()
-                if (next !== currentBranch) {
-                  log.info("branch changed", { from: currentBranch, to: next })
-                  currentBranch = next
-                  Bus.publish(Event.BranchUpdated, { branch: next })
-                }
-              }),
-            ),
-          ),
-          (unsubscribe) => Effect.sync(unsubscribe),
-        )
-      }
+            yield* Effect.acquireRelease(
+              Effect.sync(() =>
+                Bus.subscribe(
+                  FileWatcher.Event.Updated,
+                  Instance.bind(async (evt) => {
+                    if (!evt.properties.file.endsWith("HEAD")) return
+                    const next = await getCurrentBranch()
+                    if (next !== value.current) {
+                      log.info("branch changed", { from: value.current, to: next })
+                      value.current = next
+                      Bus.publish(Event.BranchUpdated, { branch: next })
+                    }
+                  }),
+                ),
+              ),
+              (unsubscribe) => Effect.sync(unsubscribe),
+            )
+
+            return value
+          }),
+        ),
+      )

      return Service.of({
+        init: Effect.fn("Vcs.init")(function* () {
+          yield* InstanceState.get(state)
+        }),
        branch: Effect.fn("Vcs.branch")(function* () {
-          return currentBranch
+          return yield* InstanceState.use(state, (x) => x.current)
        }),
      })
    }),
-  ).pipe(Layer.fresh)
+  )
+
+  const { runPromise } = makeRuntime(Service, layer)
+
+  export function init() {
+    return runPromise((svc) => svc.init())
+  }
+
+  export function branch() {
+    return runPromise((svc) => svc.branch())
+  }
 }
--- a/packages/opencode/src/provider/auth-service.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/provider/auth-service.ts
@@ -1,225 +0,0 @@
-import type { AuthOuathResult, Hooks } from "@opencode-ai/plugin"
-import { NamedError } from "@opencode-ai/util/error"
-import * as Auth from "@/auth/effect"
-import { ProviderID } from "./schema"
-import { Array as Arr, Effect, Layer, Record, Result, ServiceMap, Struct } from "effect"
-import z from "zod"
-
-export namespace ProviderAuth {
-  type Hook = NonNullable<Hooks["auth"]>
-
-  export const Method = z
-    .object({
-      type: z.union([z.literal("oauth"), z.literal("api")]),
-      label: z.string(),
-      prompts: z
-        .array(
-          z.union([
-            z.object({
-              type: z.literal("text"),
-              key: z.string(),
-              message: z.string(),
-              placeholder: z.string().optional(),
-              when: z
-                .object({
-                  key: z.string(),
-                  op: z.union([z.literal("eq"), z.literal("neq")]),
-                  value: z.string(),
-                })
-                .optional(),
-            }),
-            z.object({
-              type: z.literal("select"),
-              key: z.string(),
-              message: z.string(),
-              options: z.array(
-                z.object({
-                  label: z.string(),
-                  value: z.string(),
-                  hint: z.string().optional(),
-                }),
-              ),
-              when: z
-                .object({
-                  key: z.string(),
-                  op: z.union([z.literal("eq"), z.literal("neq")]),
-                  value: z.string(),
-                })
-                .optional(),
-            }),
-          ]),
-        )
-        .optional(),
-    })
-    .meta({
-      ref: "ProviderAuthMethod",
-    })
-  export type Method = z.infer<typeof Method>
-
-  export const Authorization = z
-    .object({
-      url: z.string(),
-      method: z.union([z.literal("auto"), z.literal("code")]),
-      instructions: z.string(),
-    })
-    .meta({
-      ref: "ProviderAuthAuthorization",
-    })
-  export type Authorization = z.infer<typeof Authorization>
-
-  export const OauthMissing = NamedError.create("ProviderAuthOauthMissing", z.object({ providerID: ProviderID.zod }))
-
-  export const OauthCodeMissing = NamedError.create(
-    "ProviderAuthOauthCodeMissing",
-    z.object({ providerID: ProviderID.zod }),
-  )
-
-  export const OauthCallbackFailed = NamedError.create("ProviderAuthOauthCallbackFailed", z.object({}))
-
-  export const ValidationFailed = NamedError.create(
-    "ProviderAuthValidationFailed",
-    z.object({
-      field: z.string(),
-      message: z.string(),
-    }),
-  )
-
-  export type Error =
-    | Auth.AuthError
-    | InstanceType<typeof OauthMissing>
-    | InstanceType<typeof OauthCodeMissing>
-    | InstanceType<typeof OauthCallbackFailed>
-    | InstanceType<typeof ValidationFailed>
-
-  export interface Interface {
-    readonly methods: () => Effect.Effect<Record<ProviderID, Method[]>>
-    readonly authorize: (input: {
-      providerID: ProviderID
-      method: number
-      inputs?: Record<string, string>
-    }) => Effect.Effect<Authorization | undefined, Error>
-    readonly callback: (input: { providerID: ProviderID; method: number; code?: string }) => Effect.Effect<void, Error>
-  }
-
-  export class Service extends ServiceMap.Service<Service, Interface>()("@opencode/ProviderAuth") {}
-
-  export const layer = Layer.effect(
-    Service,
-    Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const auth = yield* Auth.Auth.Service
-      let hooks: Record<ProviderID, Hook> | undefined
-      const pending = new Map<ProviderID, AuthOuathResult>()
-
-      const load = Effect.fn("ProviderAuth.load")(function* () {
-        if (hooks) return hooks
-        hooks = yield* Effect.promise(async () => {
-          const mod = await import("../plugin")
-          const plugins = await mod.Plugin.list()
-          const result = {} as Record<ProviderID, Hook>
-          for (const item of plugins) {
-            if (item.auth?.provider === undefined) continue
-            result[ProviderID.make(item.auth.provider)] = item.auth
-          }
-          return result
-        })
-        return hooks
-      })
-
-      const methods = Effect.fn("ProviderAuth.methods")(function* () {
-        const hooks = yield* load()
-        return Record.map(hooks, (item) =>
-          item.methods.map(
-            (method): Method => ({
-              type: method.type,
-              label: method.label,
-              prompts: method.prompts?.map((prompt) => {
-                if (prompt.type === "select") {
-                  return {
-                    type: "select" as const,
-                    key: prompt.key,
-                    message: prompt.message,
-                    options: prompt.options,
-                    when: prompt.when,
-                  }
-                }
-                return {
-                  type: "text" as const,
-                  key: prompt.key,
-                  message: prompt.message,
-                  placeholder: prompt.placeholder,
-                  when: prompt.when,
-                }
-              }),
-            }),
-          ),
-        )
-      })
-
-      const authorize = Effect.fn("ProviderAuth.authorize")(function* (input: {
-        providerID: ProviderID
-        method: number
-        inputs?: Record<string, string>
-      }) {
-        const hooks = yield* load()
-        const method = hooks[input.providerID].methods[input.method]
-        if (method.type !== "oauth") return
-
-        if (method.prompts && input.inputs) {
-          for (const prompt of method.prompts) {
-            if (prompt.type === "text" && prompt.validate && input.inputs[prompt.key] !== undefined) {
-              const error = prompt.validate(input.inputs[prompt.key])
-              if (error) return yield* Effect.fail(new ValidationFailed({ field: prompt.key, message: error }))
-            }
-          }
-        }
-
-        const result = yield* Effect.promise(() => method.authorize(input.inputs))
-        pending.set(input.providerID, result)
-        return {
-          url: result.url,
-          method: result.method,
-          instructions: result.instructions,
-        }
-      })
-
-      const callback = Effect.fn("ProviderAuth.callback")(function* (input: {
-        providerID: ProviderID
-        method: number
-        code?: string
-      }) {
-        yield* load()
-        const match = pending.get(input.providerID)
-        if (!match) return yield* Effect.fail(new OauthMissing({ providerID: input.providerID }))
-        if (match.method === "code" && !input.code) {
-          return yield* Effect.fail(new OauthCodeMissing({ providerID: input.providerID }))
-        }
-
-        const result = yield* Effect.promise(() =>
-          match.method === "code" ? match.callback(input.code!) : match.callback(),
-        )
-        if (!result || result.type !== "success") return yield* Effect.fail(new OauthCallbackFailed({}))
-
-        if ("key" in result) {
-          yield* auth.set(input.providerID, {
-            type: "api",
-            key: result.key,
-          })
-        }
-
-        if ("refresh" in result) {
-          yield* auth.set(input.providerID, {
-            type: "oauth",
-            access: result.access,
-            refresh: result.refresh,
-            expires: result.expires,
-            ...(result.accountId ? { accountId: result.accountId } : {}),
-          })
-        }
-      })
-
-      return Service.of({ methods, authorize, callback })
-    }),
-  ).pipe(Layer.fresh)
-
-  export const defaultLayer = layer.pipe(Layer.provide(Auth.Auth.layer))
-}
--- a/packages/opencode/src/provider/auth.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/provider/auth.ts
@@ -1,48 +1,251 @@
-import { runPromiseInstance } from "@/effect/runtime"
-import { fn } from "@/util/fn"
+import type { AuthOuathResult, Hooks } from "@opencode-ai/plugin"
+import { NamedError } from "@opencode-ai/util/error"
+import { Auth } from "@/auth"
+import { InstanceState } from "@/effect/instance-state"
+import { makeRuntime } from "@/effect/run-service"
+import { Plugin } from "../plugin"
 import { ProviderID } from "./schema"
+import { Array as Arr, Effect, Layer, Record, Result, ServiceMap } from "effect"
 import z from "zod"
-import { ProviderAuth as S } from "./auth-service"

 export namespace ProviderAuth {
-  export const Method = S.Method
-  export type Method = S.Method
+  export const Method = z
+    .object({
+      type: z.union([z.literal("oauth"), z.literal("api")]),
+      label: z.string(),
+      prompts: z
+        .array(
+          z.union([
+            z.object({
+              type: z.literal("text"),
+              key: z.string(),
+              message: z.string(),
+              placeholder: z.string().optional(),
+              when: z
+                .object({
+                  key: z.string(),
+                  op: z.union([z.literal("eq"), z.literal("neq")]),
+                  value: z.string(),
+                })
+                .optional(),
+            }),
+            z.object({
+              type: z.literal("select"),
+              key: z.string(),
+              message: z.string(),
+              options: z.array(
+                z.object({
+                  label: z.string(),
+                  value: z.string(),
+                  hint: z.string().optional(),
+                }),
+              ),
+              when: z
+                .object({
+                  key: z.string(),
+                  op: z.union([z.literal("eq"), z.literal("neq")]),
+                  value: z.string(),
+                })
+                .optional(),
+            }),
+          ]),
+        )
+        .optional(),
+    })
+    .meta({
+      ref: "ProviderAuthMethod",
+    })
+  export type Method = z.infer<typeof Method>

-  export const Authorization = S.Authorization
-  export type Authorization = S.Authorization
+  export const Authorization = z
+    .object({
+      url: z.string(),
+      method: z.union([z.literal("auto"), z.literal("code")]),
+      instructions: z.string(),
+    })
+    .meta({
+      ref: "ProviderAuthAuthorization",
+    })
+  export type Authorization = z.infer<typeof Authorization>

-  export const OauthMissing = S.OauthMissing
-  export const OauthCodeMissing = S.OauthCodeMissing
-  export const OauthCallbackFailed = S.OauthCallbackFailed
-  export const ValidationFailed = S.ValidationFailed
-  export type Error = S.Error
+  export const OauthMissing = NamedError.create("ProviderAuthOauthMissing", z.object({ providerID: ProviderID.zod }))

-  export type Interface = S.Interface
+  export const OauthCodeMissing = NamedError.create(
+    "ProviderAuthOauthCodeMissing",
+    z.object({ providerID: ProviderID.zod }),
+  )

-  export const Service = S.Service
-  export const layer = S.layer
-  export const defaultLayer = S.defaultLayer
+  export const OauthCallbackFailed = NamedError.create("ProviderAuthOauthCallbackFailed", z.object({}))

-  export async function methods() {
-    return runPromiseInstance(S.Service.use((svc) => svc.methods()))
+  export const ValidationFailed = NamedError.create(
+    "ProviderAuthValidationFailed",
+    z.object({
+      field: z.string(),
+      message: z.string(),
+    }),
+  )
+
+  export type Error =
+    | Auth.AuthError
+    | InstanceType<typeof OauthMissing>
+    | InstanceType<typeof OauthCodeMissing>
+    | InstanceType<typeof OauthCallbackFailed>
+    | InstanceType<typeof ValidationFailed>
+
+  type Hook = NonNullable<Hooks["auth"]>
+
+  export interface Interface {
+    readonly methods: () => Effect.Effect<Record<ProviderID, Method[]>>
+    readonly authorize: (input: {
+      providerID: ProviderID
+      method: number
+      inputs?: Record<string, string>
+    }) => Effect.Effect<Authorization | undefined, Error>
+    readonly callback: (input: { providerID: ProviderID; method: number; code?: string }) => Effect.Effect<void, Error>
  }

-  export const authorize = fn(
-    z.object({
-      providerID: ProviderID.zod,
-      method: z.number(),
-      inputs: z.record(z.string(), z.string()).optional(),
+  interface State {
+    hooks: Record<ProviderID, Hook>
+    pending: Map<ProviderID, AuthOuathResult>
+  }
+
+  export class Service extends ServiceMap.Service<Service, Interface>()("@opencode/ProviderAuth") {}
+
+  export const layer = Layer.effect(
+    Service,
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const auth = yield* Auth.Service
+      const state = yield* InstanceState.make<State>(
+        Effect.fn("ProviderAuth.state")(() =>
+          Effect.promise(async () => {
+            const plugins = await Plugin.list()
+            return {
+              hooks: Record.fromEntries(
+                Arr.filterMap(plugins, (x) =>
+                  x.auth?.provider !== undefined
+                    ? Result.succeed([ProviderID.make(x.auth.provider), x.auth] as const)
+                    : Result.failVoid,
+                ),
+              ),
+              pending: new Map<ProviderID, AuthOuathResult>(),
+            }
+          }),
+        ),
+      )
+
+      const methods = Effect.fn("ProviderAuth.methods")(function* () {
+        const hooks = (yield* InstanceState.get(state)).hooks
+        return Record.map(hooks, (item) =>
+          item.methods.map(
+            (method): Method => ({
+              type: method.type,
+              label: method.label,
+              prompts: method.prompts?.map((prompt) => {
+                if (prompt.type === "select") {
+                  return {
+                    type: "select" as const,
+                    key: prompt.key,
+                    message: prompt.message,
+                    options: prompt.options,
+                    when: prompt.when,
+                  }
+                }
+                return {
+                  type: "text" as const,
+                  key: prompt.key,
+                  message: prompt.message,
+                  placeholder: prompt.placeholder,
+                  when: prompt.when,
+                }
+              }),
+            }),
+          ),
+        )
+      })
+
+      const authorize = Effect.fn("ProviderAuth.authorize")(function* (input: {
+        providerID: ProviderID
+        method: number
+        inputs?: Record<string, string>
+      }) {
+        const { hooks, pending } = yield* InstanceState.get(state)
+        const method = hooks[input.providerID].methods[input.method]
+        if (method.type !== "oauth") return
+
+        if (method.prompts && input.inputs) {
+          for (const prompt of method.prompts) {
+            if (prompt.type === "text" && prompt.validate && input.inputs[prompt.key] !== undefined) {
+              const error = prompt.validate(input.inputs[prompt.key])
+              if (error) return yield* Effect.fail(new ValidationFailed({ field: prompt.key, message: error }))
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
+        const result = yield* Effect.promise(() => method.authorize(input.inputs))
+        pending.set(input.providerID, result)
+        return {
+          url: result.url,
+          method: result.method,
+          instructions: result.instructions,
+        }
+      })
+
+      const callback = Effect.fn("ProviderAuth.callback")(function* (input: {
+        providerID: ProviderID
+        method: number
+        code?: string
+      }) {
+        const pending = (yield* InstanceState.get(state)).pending
+        const match = pending.get(input.providerID)
+        if (!match) return yield* Effect.fail(new OauthMissing({ providerID: input.providerID }))
+        if (match.method === "code" && !input.code) {
+          return yield* Effect.fail(new OauthCodeMissing({ providerID: input.providerID }))
+        }
+
+        const result = yield* Effect.promise(() =>
+          match.method === "code" ? match.callback(input.code!) : match.callback(),
+        )
+        if (!result || result.type !== "success") return yield* Effect.fail(new OauthCallbackFailed({}))
+
+        if ("key" in result) {
+          yield* auth.set(input.providerID, {
+            type: "api",
+            key: result.key,
+          })
+        }
+
+        if ("refresh" in result) {
+          yield* auth.set(input.providerID, {
+            type: "oauth",
+            access: result.access,
+            refresh: result.refresh,
+            expires: result.expires,
+            ...(result.accountId ? { accountId: result.accountId } : {}),
+          })
+        }
+      })
+
+      return Service.of({ methods, authorize, callback })
    }),
-    async (input): Promise<Authorization | undefined> =>
-      runPromiseInstance(S.Service.use((svc) => svc.authorize(input))),
  )

-  export const callback = fn(
-    z.object({
-      providerID: ProviderID.zod,
-      method: z.number(),
-      code: z.string().optional(),
-    }),
-    async (input) => runPromiseInstance(S.Service.use((svc) => svc.callback(input))),
-  )
+  export const defaultLayer = layer.pipe(Layer.provide(Auth.layer))
+
+  const { runPromise } = makeRuntime(Service, defaultLayer)
+
+  export async function methods() {
+    return runPromise((svc) => svc.methods())
+  }
+
+  export async function authorize(input: {
+    providerID: ProviderID
+    method: number
+    inputs?: Record<string, string>
+  }): Promise<Authorization | undefined> {
+    return runPromise((svc) => svc.authorize(input))
+  }
+
+  export async function callback(input: { providerID: ProviderID; method: number; code?: string }) {
+    return runPromise((svc) => svc.callback(input))
+  }
 }
--- a/packages/opencode/src/provider/transform.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/provider/transform.ts
@@ -755,11 +755,13 @@ export namespace ProviderTransform {
    }

    if (input.model.api.npm === "@ai-sdk/google" || input.model.api.npm === "@ai-sdk/google-vertex") {
-      result["thinkingConfig"] = {
-        includeThoughts: true,
-      }
-      if (input.model.api.id.includes("gemini-3")) {
-        result["thinkingConfig"]["thinkingLevel"] = "high"
+      if (input.model.capabilities.reasoning) {
+        result["thinkingConfig"] = {
+          includeThoughts: true,
+        }
+        if (input.model.api.id.includes("gemini-3")) {
+          result["thinkingConfig"]["thinkingLevel"] = "high"
+        }
      }
    }

--- a/packages/opencode/src/pty/index.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/pty/index.ts
@@ -1,13 +1,16 @@
 import { BusEvent } from "@/bus/bus-event"
 import { Bus } from "@/bus"
+import { InstanceState } from "@/effect/instance-state"
+import { makeRuntime } from "@/effect/run-service"
+import { Instance } from "@/project/instance"
 import { type IPty } from "bun-pty"
 import z from "zod"
 import { Log } from "../util/log"
-import { Instance } from "../project/instance"
 import { lazy } from "@opencode-ai/util/lazy"
 import { Shell } from "@/shell/shell"
 import { Plugin } from "@/plugin"
 import { PtyID } from "./schema"
+import { Effect, Layer, ServiceMap } from "effect"

 export namespace Pty {
  const log = Log.create({ service: "pty" })
@@ -23,6 +26,20 @@ export namespace Pty {
    close: (code?: number, reason?: string) => void
  }

+  type Active = {
+    info: Info
+    process: IPty
+    buffer: string
+    bufferCursor: number
+    cursor: number
+    subscribers: Map<unknown, Socket>
+  }
+
+  type State = {
+    dir: string
+    sessions: Map<PtyID, Active>
+  }
+
  // WebSocket control frame: 0x00 + UTF-8 JSON.
  const meta = (cursor: number) => {
    const json = JSON.stringify({ cursor })
@@ -81,241 +98,300 @@ export namespace Pty {
    Deleted: BusEvent.define("pty.deleted", z.object({ id: PtyID.zod })),
  }

-  interface ActiveSession {
-    info: Info
-    process: IPty
-    buffer: string
-    bufferCursor: number
-    cursor: number
-    subscribers: Map<unknown, Socket>
+  export interface Interface {
+    readonly list: () => Effect.Effect<Info[]>
+    readonly get: (id: PtyID) => Effect.Effect<Info | undefined>
+    readonly create: (input: CreateInput) => Effect.Effect<Info>
+    readonly update: (id: PtyID, input: UpdateInput) => Effect.Effect<Info | undefined>
+    readonly remove: (id: PtyID) => Effect.Effect<void>
+    readonly resize: (id: PtyID, cols: number, rows: number) => Effect.Effect<void>
+    readonly write: (id: PtyID, data: string) => Effect.Effect<void>
+    readonly connect: (
+      id: PtyID,
+      ws: Socket,
+      cursor?: number,
+    ) => Effect.Effect<{ onMessage: (message: string | ArrayBuffer) => void; onClose: () => void } | undefined>
  }

-  const state = Instance.state(
-    () => new Map<PtyID, ActiveSession>(),
-    async (sessions) => {
-      for (const session of sessions.values()) {
+  export class Service extends ServiceMap.Service<Service, Interface>()("@opencode/Pty") {}
+
+  export const layer = Layer.effect(
+    Service,
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      function teardown(session: Active) {
        try {
          session.process.kill()
        } catch {}
        for (const [key, ws] of session.subscribers.entries()) {
          try {
            if (ws.data === key) ws.close()
+          } catch {}
+        }
+        session.subscribers.clear()
+      }
+
+      const cache = yield* InstanceState.make<State>(
+        Effect.fn("Pty.state")(function* (ctx) {
+          const state = {
+            dir: ctx.directory,
+            sessions: new Map<PtyID, Active>(),
+          }
+
+          yield* Effect.addFinalizer(() =>
+            Effect.sync(() => {
+              for (const session of state.sessions.values()) {
+                teardown(session)
+              }
+              state.sessions.clear()
+            }),
+          )
+
+          return state
+        }),
+      )
+
+      const remove = Effect.fn("Pty.remove")(function* (id: PtyID) {
+        const state = yield* InstanceState.get(cache)
+        const session = state.sessions.get(id)
+        if (!session) return
+        state.sessions.delete(id)
+        log.info("removing session", { id })
+        teardown(session)
+        void Bus.publish(Event.Deleted, { id: session.info.id })
+      })
+
+      const list = Effect.fn("Pty.list")(function* () {
+        const state = yield* InstanceState.get(cache)
+        return Array.from(state.sessions.values()).map((session) => session.info)
+      })
+
+      const get = Effect.fn("Pty.get")(function* (id: PtyID) {
+        const state = yield* InstanceState.get(cache)
+        return state.sessions.get(id)?.info
+      })
+
+      const create = Effect.fn("Pty.create")(function* (input: CreateInput) {
+        const state = yield* InstanceState.get(cache)
+        return yield* Effect.promise(async () => {
+          const id = PtyID.ascending()
+          const command = input.command || Shell.preferred()
+          const args = input.args || []
+          if (command.endsWith("sh")) {
+            args.push("-l")
+          }
+
+          const cwd = input.cwd || state.dir
+          const shellEnv = await Plugin.trigger("shell.env", { cwd }, { env: {} })
+          const env = {
+            ...process.env,
+            ...input.env,
+            ...shellEnv.env,
+            TERM: "xterm-256color",
+            OPENCODE_TERMINAL: "1",
+          } as Record<string, string>
+
+          if (process.platform === "win32") {
+            env.LC_ALL = "C.UTF-8"
+            env.LC_CTYPE = "C.UTF-8"
+            env.LANG = "C.UTF-8"
+          }
+          log.info("creating session", { id, cmd: command, args, cwd })
+
+          const spawn = await pty()
+          const proc = spawn(command, args, {
+            name: "xterm-256color",
+            cwd,
+            env,
+          })
+
+          const info = {
+            id,
+            title: input.title || `Terminal ${id.slice(-4)}`,
+            command,
+            args,
+            cwd,
+            status: "running",
+            pid: proc.pid,
+          } as const
+          const session: Active = {
+            info,
+            process: proc,
+            buffer: "",
+            bufferCursor: 0,
+            cursor: 0,
+            subscribers: new Map(),
+          }
+          state.sessions.set(id, session)
+          proc.onData(
+            Instance.bind((chunk) => {
+              session.cursor += chunk.length
+
+              for (const [key, ws] of session.subscribers.entries()) {
+                if (ws.readyState !== 1) {
+                  session.subscribers.delete(key)
+                  continue
+                }
+                if (ws.data !== key) {
+                  session.subscribers.delete(key)
+                  continue
+                }
+                try {
+                  ws.send(chunk)
+                } catch {
+                  session.subscribers.delete(key)
+                }
+              }
+
+              session.buffer += chunk
+              if (session.buffer.length <= BUFFER_LIMIT) return
+              const excess = session.buffer.length - BUFFER_LIMIT
+              session.buffer = session.buffer.slice(excess)
+              session.bufferCursor += excess
+            }),
+          )
+          proc.onExit(
+            Instance.bind(({ exitCode }) => {
+              if (session.info.status === "exited") return
+              log.info("session exited", { id, exitCode })
+              session.info.status = "exited"
+              void Bus.publish(Event.Exited, { id, exitCode })
+              Effect.runFork(remove(id))
+            }),
+          )
+          await Bus.publish(Event.Created, { info })
+          return info
+        })
+      })
+
+      const update = Effect.fn("Pty.update")(function* (id: PtyID, input: UpdateInput) {
+        const state = yield* InstanceState.get(cache)
+        const session = state.sessions.get(id)
+        if (!session) return
+        if (input.title) {
+          session.info.title = input.title
+        }
+        if (input.size) {
+          session.process.resize(input.size.cols, input.size.rows)
+        }
+        yield* Effect.promise(() => Bus.publish(Event.Updated, { info: session.info }))
+        return session.info
+      })
+
+      const resize = Effect.fn("Pty.resize")(function* (id: PtyID, cols: number, rows: number) {
+        const state = yield* InstanceState.get(cache)
+        const session = state.sessions.get(id)
+        if (session && session.info.status === "running") {
+          session.process.resize(cols, rows)
+        }
+      })
+
+      const write = Effect.fn("Pty.write")(function* (id: PtyID, data: string) {
+        const state = yield* InstanceState.get(cache)
+        const session = state.sessions.get(id)
+        if (session && session.info.status === "running") {
+          session.process.write(data)
+        }
+      })
+
+      const connect = Effect.fn("Pty.connect")(function* (id: PtyID, ws: Socket, cursor?: number) {
+        const state = yield* InstanceState.get(cache)
+        const session = state.sessions.get(id)
+        if (!session) {
+          ws.close()
+          return
+        }
+        log.info("client connected to session", { id })
+
+        // Use ws.data as the unique key for this connection lifecycle.
+        // If ws.data is undefined, fallback to ws object.
+        const key = ws.data && typeof ws.data === "object" ? ws.data : ws
+        // Optionally cleanup if the key somehow exists
+        session.subscribers.delete(key)
+        session.subscribers.set(key, ws)
+
+        const cleanup = () => {
+          session.subscribers.delete(key)
+        }
+
+        const start = session.bufferCursor
+        const end = session.cursor
+        const from =
+          cursor === -1 ? end : typeof cursor === "number" && Number.isSafeInteger(cursor) ? Math.max(0, cursor) : 0
+
+        const data = (() => {
+          if (!session.buffer) return ""
+          if (from >= end) return ""
+          const offset = Math.max(0, from - start)
+          if (offset >= session.buffer.length) return ""
+          return session.buffer.slice(offset)
+        })()
+
+        if (data) {
+          try {
+            for (let i = 0; i < data.length; i += BUFFER_CHUNK) {
+              ws.send(data.slice(i, i + BUFFER_CHUNK))
+            }
          } catch {
-            // ignore
+            cleanup()
+            ws.close()
+            return
          }
        }
-      }
-      sessions.clear()
-    },
+
+        try {
+          ws.send(meta(end))
+        } catch {
+          cleanup()
+          ws.close()
+          return
+        }
+
+        return {
+          onMessage: (message: string | ArrayBuffer) => {
+            session.process.write(String(message))
+          },
+          onClose: () => {
+            log.info("client disconnected from session", { id })
+            cleanup()
+          },
+        }
+      })
+
+      return Service.of({ list, get, create, update, remove, resize, write, connect })
+    }),
  )

-  export function list() {
-    return Array.from(state().values()).map((s) => s.info)
+  const { runPromise } = makeRuntime(Service, layer)
+
+  export async function list() {
+    return runPromise((svc) => svc.list())
  }

-  export function get(id: PtyID) {
-    return state().get(id)?.info
+  export async function get(id: PtyID) {
+    return runPromise((svc) => svc.get(id))
+  }
+
+  export async function resize(id: PtyID, cols: number, rows: number) {
+    return runPromise((svc) => svc.resize(id, cols, rows))
+  }
+
+  export async function write(id: PtyID, data: string) {
+    return runPromise((svc) => svc.write(id, data))
+  }
+
+  export async function connect(id: PtyID, ws: Socket, cursor?: number) {
+    return runPromise((svc) => svc.connect(id, ws, cursor))
  }

  export async function create(input: CreateInput) {
-    const id = PtyID.ascending()
-    const command = input.command || Shell.preferred()
-    const args = input.args || []
-    if (command.endsWith("sh")) {
-      args.push("-l")
-    }
-
-    const cwd = input.cwd || Instance.directory
-    const shellEnv = await Plugin.trigger("shell.env", { cwd }, { env: {} })
-    const env = {
-      ...process.env,
-      ...input.env,
-      ...shellEnv.env,
-      TERM: "xterm-256color",
-      OPENCODE_TERMINAL: "1",
-    } as Record<string, string>
-
-    if (process.platform === "win32") {
-      env.LC_ALL = "C.UTF-8"
-      env.LC_CTYPE = "C.UTF-8"
-      env.LANG = "C.UTF-8"
-    }
-    log.info("creating session", { id, cmd: command, args, cwd })
-
-    const spawn = await pty()
-    const ptyProcess = spawn(command, args, {
-      name: "xterm-256color",
-      cwd,
-      env,
-    })
-
-    const info = {
-      id,
-      title: input.title || `Terminal ${id.slice(-4)}`,
-      command,
-      args,
-      cwd,
-      status: "running",
-      pid: ptyProcess.pid,
-    } as const
-    const session: ActiveSession = {
-      info,
-      process: ptyProcess,
-      buffer: "",
-      bufferCursor: 0,
-      cursor: 0,
-      subscribers: new Map(),
-    }
-    state().set(id, session)
-    ptyProcess.onData(
-      Instance.bind((chunk) => {
-        session.cursor += chunk.length
-
-        for (const [key, ws] of session.subscribers.entries()) {
-          if (ws.readyState !== 1) {
-            session.subscribers.delete(key)
-            continue
-          }
-
-          if (ws.data !== key) {
-            session.subscribers.delete(key)
-            continue
-          }
-
-          try {
-            ws.send(chunk)
-          } catch {
-            session.subscribers.delete(key)
-          }
-        }
-
-        session.buffer += chunk
-        if (session.buffer.length <= BUFFER_LIMIT) return
-        const excess = session.buffer.length - BUFFER_LIMIT
-        session.buffer = session.buffer.slice(excess)
-        session.bufferCursor += excess
-      }),
-    )
-    ptyProcess.onExit(
-      Instance.bind(({ exitCode }) => {
-        if (session.info.status === "exited") return
-        log.info("session exited", { id, exitCode })
-        session.info.status = "exited"
-        Bus.publish(Event.Exited, { id, exitCode })
-        remove(id)
-      }),
-    )
-    Bus.publish(Event.Created, { info })
-    return info
+    return runPromise((svc) => svc.create(input))
  }

  export async function update(id: PtyID, input: UpdateInput) {
-    const session = state().get(id)
-    if (!session) return
-    if (input.title) {
-      session.info.title = input.title
-    }
-    if (input.size) {
-      session.process.resize(input.size.cols, input.size.rows)
-    }
-    Bus.publish(Event.Updated, { info: session.info })
-    return session.info
+    return runPromise((svc) => svc.update(id, input))
  }

  export async function remove(id: PtyID) {
-    const session = state().get(id)
-    if (!session) return
-    state().delete(id)
-    log.info("removing session", { id })
-    try {
-      session.process.kill()
-    } catch {}
-    for (const [key, ws] of session.subscribers.entries()) {
-      try {
-        if (ws.data === key) ws.close()
-      } catch {
-        // ignore
-      }
-    }
-    session.subscribers.clear()
-    Bus.publish(Event.Deleted, { id: session.info.id })
-  }
-
-  export function resize(id: PtyID, cols: number, rows: number) {
-    const session = state().get(id)
-    if (session && session.info.status === "running") {
-      session.process.resize(cols, rows)
-    }
-  }
-
-  export function write(id: PtyID, data: string) {
-    const session = state().get(id)
-    if (session && session.info.status === "running") {
-      session.process.write(data)
-    }
-  }
-
-  export function connect(id: PtyID, ws: Socket, cursor?: number) {
-    const session = state().get(id)
-    if (!session) {
-      ws.close()
-      return
-    }
-    log.info("client connected to session", { id })
-
-    // Use ws.data as the unique key for this connection lifecycle.
-    // If ws.data is undefined, fallback to ws object.
-    const connectionKey = ws.data && typeof ws.data === "object" ? ws.data : ws
-
-    // Optionally cleanup if the key somehow exists
-    session.subscribers.delete(connectionKey)
-    session.subscribers.set(connectionKey, ws)
-
-    const cleanup = () => {
-      session.subscribers.delete(connectionKey)
-    }
-
-    const start = session.bufferCursor
-    const end = session.cursor
-
-    const from =
-      cursor === -1 ? end : typeof cursor === "number" && Number.isSafeInteger(cursor) ? Math.max(0, cursor) : 0
-
-    const data = (() => {
-      if (!session.buffer) return ""
-      if (from >= end) return ""
-      const offset = Math.max(0, from - start)
-      if (offset >= session.buffer.length) return ""
-      return session.buffer.slice(offset)
-    })()
-
-    if (data) {
-      try {
-        for (let i = 0; i < data.length; i += BUFFER_CHUNK) {
-          ws.send(data.slice(i, i + BUFFER_CHUNK))
-        }
-      } catch {
-        cleanup()
-        ws.close()
-        return
-      }
-    }
-
-    try {
-      ws.send(meta(end))
-    } catch {
-      cleanup()
-      ws.close()
-      return
-    }
-    return {
-      onMessage: (message: string | ArrayBuffer) => {
-        session.process.write(String(message))
-      },
-      onClose: () => {
-        log.info("client disconnected from session", { id })
-        cleanup()
-      },
-    }
+    return runPromise((svc) => svc.remove(id))
  }
 }
--- a/packages/opencode/src/question/index.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/question/index.ts
@@ -1,49 +1,221 @@
-import { runPromiseInstance } from "@/effect/runtime"
-import type { MessageID, SessionID } from "@/session/schema"
-import type { QuestionID } from "./schema"
-import { Question as S } from "./service"
+import { Deferred, Effect, Layer, Schema, ServiceMap } from "effect"
+import { Bus } from "@/bus"
+import { BusEvent } from "@/bus/bus-event"
+import { InstanceState } from "@/effect/instance-state"
+import { makeRuntime } from "@/effect/run-service"
+import { SessionID, MessageID } from "@/session/schema"
+import { Log } from "@/util/log"
+import z from "zod"
+import { QuestionID } from "./schema"

 export namespace Question {
-  export const Option = S.Option
-  export type Option = S.Option
+  const log = Log.create({ service: "question" })

-  export const Info = S.Info
-  export type Info = S.Info
+  // Schemas

-  export const Request = S.Request
-  export type Request = S.Request
+  export const Option = z
+    .object({
+      label: z.string().describe("Display text (1-5 words, concise)"),
+      description: z.string().describe("Explanation of choice"),
+    })
+    .meta({ ref: "QuestionOption" })
+  export type Option = z.infer<typeof Option>

-  export const Answer = S.Answer
-  export type Answer = S.Answer
+  export const Info = z
+    .object({
+      question: z.string().describe("Complete question"),
+      header: z.string().describe("Very short label (max 30 chars)"),
+      options: z.array(Option).describe("Available choices"),
+      multiple: z.boolean().optional().describe("Allow selecting multiple choices"),
+      custom: z.boolean().optional().describe("Allow typing a custom answer (default: true)"),
+    })
+    .meta({ ref: "QuestionInfo" })
+  export type Info = z.infer<typeof Info>

-  export const Reply = S.Reply
-  export type Reply = S.Reply
+  export const Request = z
+    .object({
+      id: QuestionID.zod,
+      sessionID: SessionID.zod,
+      questions: z.array(Info).describe("Questions to ask"),
+      tool: z
+        .object({
+          messageID: MessageID.zod,
+          callID: z.string(),
+        })
+        .optional(),
+    })
+    .meta({ ref: "QuestionRequest" })
+  export type Request = z.infer<typeof Request>

-  export const Event = S.Event
-  export const RejectedError = S.RejectedError
+  export const Answer = z.array(z.string()).meta({ ref: "QuestionAnswer" })
+  export type Answer = z.infer<typeof Answer>

-  export type Interface = S.Interface
+  export const Reply = z.object({
+    answers: z
+      .array(Answer)
+      .describe("User answers in order of questions (each answer is an array of selected labels)"),
+  })
+  export type Reply = z.infer<typeof Reply>

-  export const Service = S.Service
-  export const layer = S.layer
+  export const Event = {
+    Asked: BusEvent.define("question.asked", Request),
+    Replied: BusEvent.define(
+      "question.replied",
+      z.object({
+        sessionID: SessionID.zod,
+        requestID: QuestionID.zod,
+        answers: z.array(Answer),
+      }),
+    ),
+    Rejected: BusEvent.define(
+      "question.rejected",
+      z.object({
+        sessionID: SessionID.zod,
+        requestID: QuestionID.zod,
+      }),
+    ),
+  }
+
+  export class RejectedError extends Schema.TaggedErrorClass<RejectedError>()("QuestionRejectedError", {}) {
+    override get message() {
+      return "The user dismissed this question"
+    }
+  }
+
+  interface PendingEntry {
+    info: Request
+    deferred: Deferred.Deferred<Answer[], RejectedError>
+  }
+
+  interface State {
+    pending: Map<QuestionID, PendingEntry>
+  }
+
+  // Service
+
+  export interface Interface {
+    readonly ask: (input: {
+      sessionID: SessionID
+      questions: Info[]
+      tool?: { messageID: MessageID; callID: string }
+    }) => Effect.Effect<Answer[], RejectedError>
+    readonly reply: (input: { requestID: QuestionID; answers: Answer[] }) => Effect.Effect<void>
+    readonly reject: (requestID: QuestionID) => Effect.Effect<void>
+    readonly list: () => Effect.Effect<Request[]>
+  }
+
+  export class Service extends ServiceMap.Service<Service, Interface>()("@opencode/Question") {}
+
+  export const layer = Layer.effect(
+    Service,
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const state = yield* InstanceState.make<State>(
+        Effect.fn("Question.state")(function* () {
+          const state = {
+            pending: new Map<QuestionID, PendingEntry>(),
+          }
+
+          yield* Effect.addFinalizer(() =>
+            Effect.gen(function* () {
+              for (const item of state.pending.values()) {
+                yield* Deferred.fail(item.deferred, new RejectedError())
+              }
+              state.pending.clear()
+            }),
+          )
+
+          return state
+        }),
+      )
+
+      const ask = Effect.fn("Question.ask")(function* (input: {
+        sessionID: SessionID
+        questions: Info[]
+        tool?: { messageID: MessageID; callID: string }
+      }) {
+        const pending = (yield* InstanceState.get(state)).pending
+        const id = QuestionID.ascending()
+        log.info("asking", { id, questions: input.questions.length })
+
+        const deferred = yield* Deferred.make<Answer[], RejectedError>()
+        const info: Request = {
+          id,
+          sessionID: input.sessionID,
+          questions: input.questions,
+          tool: input.tool,
+        }
+        pending.set(id, { info, deferred })
+        Bus.publish(Event.Asked, info)
+
+        return yield* Effect.ensuring(
+          Deferred.await(deferred),
+          Effect.sync(() => {
+            pending.delete(id)
+          }),
+        )
+      })
+
+      const reply = Effect.fn("Question.reply")(function* (input: { requestID: QuestionID; answers: Answer[] }) {
+        const pending = (yield* InstanceState.get(state)).pending
+        const existing = pending.get(input.requestID)
+        if (!existing) {
+          log.warn("reply for unknown request", { requestID: input.requestID })
+          return
+        }
+        pending.delete(input.requestID)
+        log.info("replied", { requestID: input.requestID, answers: input.answers })
+        Bus.publish(Event.Replied, {
+          sessionID: existing.info.sessionID,
+          requestID: existing.info.id,
+          answers: input.answers,
+        })
+        yield* Deferred.succeed(existing.deferred, input.answers)
+      })
+
+      const reject = Effect.fn("Question.reject")(function* (requestID: QuestionID) {
+        const pending = (yield* InstanceState.get(state)).pending
+        const existing = pending.get(requestID)
+        if (!existing) {
+          log.warn("reject for unknown request", { requestID })
+          return
+        }
+        pending.delete(requestID)
+        log.info("rejected", { requestID })
+        Bus.publish(Event.Rejected, {
+          sessionID: existing.info.sessionID,
+          requestID: existing.info.id,
+        })
+        yield* Deferred.fail(existing.deferred, new RejectedError())
+      })
+
+      const list = Effect.fn("Question.list")(function* () {
+        const pending = (yield* InstanceState.get(state)).pending
+        return Array.from(pending.values(), (x) => x.info)
+      })
+
+      return Service.of({ ask, reply, reject, list })
+    }),
+  )
+
+  const { runPromise } = makeRuntime(Service, layer)

  export async function ask(input: {
    sessionID: SessionID
    questions: Info[]
    tool?: { messageID: MessageID; callID: string }
  }): Promise<Answer[]> {
-    return runPromiseInstance(S.Service.use((s) => s.ask(input)))
+    return runPromise((s) => s.ask(input))
  }

  export async function reply(input: { requestID: QuestionID; answers: Answer[] }) {
-    return runPromiseInstance(S.Service.use((s) => s.reply(input)))
+    return runPromise((s) => s.reply(input))
  }

  export async function reject(requestID: QuestionID) {
-    return runPromiseInstance(S.Service.use((s) => s.reject(requestID)))
+    return runPromise((s) => s.reject(requestID))
  }

  export async function list() {
-    return runPromiseInstance(S.Service.use((s) => s.list()))
+    return runPromise((s) => s.list())
  }
 }
--- a/packages/opencode/src/question/service.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/question/service.ts
@@ -1,172 +0,0 @@
-import { Deferred, Effect, Layer, Schema, ServiceMap } from "effect"
-import { Bus } from "@/bus"
-import { BusEvent } from "@/bus/bus-event"
-import { SessionID, MessageID } from "@/session/schema"
-import { Log } from "@/util/log"
-import z from "zod"
-import { QuestionID } from "./schema"
-
-const log = Log.create({ service: "question" })
-
-export namespace Question {
-  // Schemas
-
-  export const Option = z
-    .object({
-      label: z.string().describe("Display text (1-5 words, concise)"),
-      description: z.string().describe("Explanation of choice"),
-    })
-    .meta({ ref: "QuestionOption" })
-  export type Option = z.infer<typeof Option>
-
-  export const Info = z
-    .object({
-      question: z.string().describe("Complete question"),
-      header: z.string().describe("Very short label (max 30 chars)"),
-      options: z.array(Option).describe("Available choices"),
-      multiple: z.boolean().optional().describe("Allow selecting multiple choices"),
-      custom: z.boolean().optional().describe("Allow typing a custom answer (default: true)"),
-    })
-    .meta({ ref: "QuestionInfo" })
-  export type Info = z.infer<typeof Info>
-
-  export const Request = z
-    .object({
-      id: QuestionID.zod,
-      sessionID: SessionID.zod,
-      questions: z.array(Info).describe("Questions to ask"),
-      tool: z
-        .object({
-          messageID: MessageID.zod,
-          callID: z.string(),
-        })
-        .optional(),
-    })
-    .meta({ ref: "QuestionRequest" })
-  export type Request = z.infer<typeof Request>
-
-  export const Answer = z.array(z.string()).meta({ ref: "QuestionAnswer" })
-  export type Answer = z.infer<typeof Answer>
-
-  export const Reply = z.object({
-    answers: z
-      .array(Answer)
-      .describe("User answers in order of questions (each answer is an array of selected labels)"),
-  })
-  export type Reply = z.infer<typeof Reply>
-
-  export const Event = {
-    Asked: BusEvent.define("question.asked", Request),
-    Replied: BusEvent.define(
-      "question.replied",
-      z.object({
-        sessionID: SessionID.zod,
-        requestID: QuestionID.zod,
-        answers: z.array(Answer),
-      }),
-    ),
-    Rejected: BusEvent.define(
-      "question.rejected",
-      z.object({
-        sessionID: SessionID.zod,
-        requestID: QuestionID.zod,
-      }),
-    ),
-  }
-
-  export class RejectedError extends Schema.TaggedErrorClass<RejectedError>()("QuestionRejectedError", {}) {
-    override get message() {
-      return "The user dismissed this question"
-    }
-  }
-
-  interface PendingEntry {
-    info: Request
-    deferred: Deferred.Deferred<Answer[], RejectedError>
-  }
-
-  // Service
-
-  export interface Interface {
-    readonly ask: (input: {
-      sessionID: SessionID
-      questions: Info[]
-      tool?: { messageID: MessageID; callID: string }
-    }) => Effect.Effect<Answer[], RejectedError>
-    readonly reply: (input: { requestID: QuestionID; answers: Answer[] }) => Effect.Effect<void>
-    readonly reject: (requestID: QuestionID) => Effect.Effect<void>
-    readonly list: () => Effect.Effect<Request[]>
-  }
-
-  export class Service extends ServiceMap.Service<Service, Interface>()("@opencode/Question") {}
-
-  export const layer = Layer.effect(
-    Service,
-    Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const pending = new Map<QuestionID, PendingEntry>()
-
-      const ask = Effect.fn("Question.ask")(function* (input: {
-        sessionID: SessionID
-        questions: Info[]
-        tool?: { messageID: MessageID; callID: string }
-      }) {
-        const id = QuestionID.ascending()
-        log.info("asking", { id, questions: input.questions.length })
-
-        const deferred = yield* Deferred.make<Answer[], RejectedError>()
-        const info: Request = {
-          id,
-          sessionID: input.sessionID,
-          questions: input.questions,
-          tool: input.tool,
-        }
-        pending.set(id, { info, deferred })
-        Bus.publish(Event.Asked, info)
-
-        return yield* Effect.ensuring(
-          Deferred.await(deferred),
-          Effect.sync(() => {
-            pending.delete(id)
-          }),
-        )
-      })
-
-      const reply = Effect.fn("Question.reply")(function* (input: { requestID: QuestionID; answers: Answer[] }) {
-        const existing = pending.get(input.requestID)
-        if (!existing) {
-          log.warn("reply for unknown request", { requestID: input.requestID })
-          return
-        }
-        pending.delete(input.requestID)
-        log.info("replied", { requestID: input.requestID, answers: input.answers })
-        Bus.publish(Event.Replied, {
-          sessionID: existing.info.sessionID,
-          requestID: existing.info.id,
-          answers: input.answers,
-        })
-        yield* Deferred.succeed(existing.deferred, input.answers)
-      })
-
-      const reject = Effect.fn("Question.reject")(function* (requestID: QuestionID) {
-        const existing = pending.get(requestID)
-        if (!existing) {
-          log.warn("reject for unknown request", { requestID })
-          return
-        }
-        pending.delete(requestID)
-        log.info("rejected", { requestID })
-        Bus.publish(Event.Rejected, {
-          sessionID: existing.info.sessionID,
-          requestID: existing.info.id,
-        })
-        yield* Deferred.fail(existing.deferred, new RejectedError())
-      })
-
-      const list = Effect.fn("Question.list")(function* () {
-        return Array.from(pending.values(), (x) => x.info)
-      })
-
-      return Service.of({ ask, reply, reject, list })
-    }),
-  ).pipe(Layer.fresh)
-}
--- a/packages/opencode/src/server/routes/permission.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/server/routes/permission.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import { Hono } from "hono"
 import { describeRoute, validator, resolver } from "hono-openapi"
 import z from "zod"
-import { PermissionNext } from "@/permission"
+import { Permission } from "@/permission"
 import { PermissionID } from "@/permission/schema"
 import { errors } from "../error"
 import { lazy } from "../../util/lazy"
@@ -32,11 +32,11 @@ export const PermissionRoutes = lazy(() =>
          requestID: PermissionID.zod,
        }),
      ),
-      validator("json", z.object({ reply: PermissionNext.Reply, message: z.string().optional() })),
+      validator("json", z.object({ reply: Permission.Reply, message: z.string().optional() })),
      async (c) => {
        const params = c.req.valid("param")
        const json = c.req.valid("json")
-        await PermissionNext.reply({
+        await Permission.reply({
          requestID: params.requestID,
          reply: json.reply,
          message: json.message,
@@ -55,14 +55,14 @@ export const PermissionRoutes = lazy(() =>
            description: "List of pending permissions",
            content: {
              "application/json": {
-                schema: resolver(PermissionNext.Request.array()),
+                schema: resolver(Permission.Request.array()),
              },
            },
          },
        },
      }),
      async (c) => {
-        const permissions = await PermissionNext.list()
+        const permissions = await Permission.list()
        return c.json(permissions)
      },
    ),
--- a/packages/opencode/src/server/routes/pty.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/server/routes/pty.ts
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ export const PtyRoutes = lazy(() =>
        },
      }),
      async (c) => {
-        return c.json(Pty.list())
+        return c.json(await Pty.list())
      },
    )
    .post(
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ export const PtyRoutes = lazy(() =>
      }),
      validator("param", z.object({ ptyID: PtyID.zod })),
      async (c) => {
-        const info = Pty.get(c.req.valid("param").ptyID)
+        const info = await Pty.get(c.req.valid("param").ptyID)
        if (!info) {
          throw new NotFoundError({ message: "Session not found" })
        }
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ export const PtyRoutes = lazy(() =>
        },
      }),
      validator("param", z.object({ ptyID: PtyID.zod })),
-      upgradeWebSocket((c) => {
+      upgradeWebSocket(async (c) => {
        const id = PtyID.zod.parse(c.req.param("ptyID"))
        const cursor = (() => {
          const value = c.req.query("cursor")
@@ -159,8 +159,8 @@ export const PtyRoutes = lazy(() =>
          if (!Number.isSafeInteger(parsed) || parsed < -1) return
          return parsed
        })()
-        let handler: ReturnType<typeof Pty.connect>
-        if (!Pty.get(id)) throw new Error("Session not found")
+        let handler: Awaited<ReturnType<typeof Pty.connect>>
+        if (!(await Pty.get(id))) throw new Error("Session not found")

        type Socket = {
          readyState: number
@@ -176,17 +176,27 @@ export const PtyRoutes = lazy(() =>
          return typeof (value as { readyState?: unknown }).readyState === "number"
        }

+        const pending: string[] = []
+        let ready = false
+
        return {
-          onOpen(_event, ws) {
+          async onOpen(_event, ws) {
            const socket = ws.raw
            if (!isSocket(socket)) {
              ws.close()
              return
            }
-            handler = Pty.connect(id, socket, cursor)
+            handler = await Pty.connect(id, socket, cursor)
+            ready = true
+            for (const msg of pending) handler?.onMessage(msg)
+            pending.length = 0
          },
          onMessage(event) {
            if (typeof event.data !== "string") return
+            if (!ready) {
+              pending.push(event.data)
+              return
+            }
            handler?.onMessage(event.data)
          },
          onClose() {
--- a/packages/opencode/src/server/routes/session.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/server/routes/session.ts
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ import { Todo } from "../../session/todo"
 import { Agent } from "../../agent/agent"
 import { Snapshot } from "@/snapshot"
 import { Log } from "../../util/log"
-import { PermissionNext } from "@/permission"
+import { Permission } from "@/permission"
 import { PermissionID } from "@/permission/schema"
 import { ModelID, ProviderID } from "@/provider/schema"
 import { errors } from "../error"
@@ -88,8 +88,8 @@ export const SessionRoutes = lazy(() =>
        },
      }),
      async (c) => {
-        const result = SessionStatus.list()
-        return c.json(result)
+        const result = await SessionStatus.list()
+        return c.json(Object.fromEntries(result))
      },
    )
    .get(
@@ -1010,10 +1010,10 @@ export const SessionRoutes = lazy(() =>
          permissionID: PermissionID.zod,
        }),
      ),
-      validator("json", z.object({ response: PermissionNext.Reply })),
+      validator("json", z.object({ response: Permission.Reply })),
      async (c) => {
        const params = c.req.valid("param")
-        PermissionNext.reply({
+        Permission.reply({
          requestID: params.permissionID,
          reply: c.req.valid("json").response,
        })
--- a/packages/opencode/src/server/server.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/server/server.ts
@@ -12,9 +12,8 @@ import { Format } from "../format"
 import { TuiRoutes } from "./routes/tui"
 import { Instance } from "../project/instance"
 import { Vcs } from "../project/vcs"
-import { runPromiseInstance } from "@/effect/runtime"
 import { Agent } from "../agent/agent"
-import { Skill } from "../skill/skill"
+import { Skill } from "../skill"
 import { Auth } from "../auth"
 import { Flag } from "../flag/flag"
 import { Command } from "../command"
@@ -152,7 +151,7 @@ export namespace Server {
            providerID: ProviderID.zod,
          }),
        ),
-        validator("json", Auth.Info),
+        validator("json", Auth.Info.zod),
        async (c) => {
          const providerID = c.req.valid("param").providerID
          const info = c.req.valid("json")
@@ -331,7 +330,7 @@ export namespace Server {
          },
        }),
        async (c) => {
-          const branch = await runPromiseInstance(Vcs.Service.use((s) => s.branch()))
+          const branch = await Vcs.branch()
          return c.json({
            branch,
          })
--- a/packages/opencode/src/session/index.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/session/index.ts
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ import { SessionID, MessageID, PartID } from "./schema"

 import type { Provider } from "@/provider/provider"
 import { ModelID, ProviderID } from "@/provider/schema"
-import { PermissionNext } from "@/permission"
+import { Permission } from "@/permission"
 import { Global } from "@/global"
 import type { LanguageModelV2Usage } from "@ai-sdk/provider"
 import { iife } from "@/util/iife"
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ export namespace Session {
        compacting: z.number().optional(),
        archived: z.number().optional(),
      }),
-      permission: PermissionNext.Ruleset.optional(),
+      permission: Permission.Ruleset.optional(),
      revert: z
        .object({
          messageID: MessageID.zod,
@@ -300,7 +300,7 @@ export namespace Session {
    parentID?: SessionID
    workspaceID?: WorkspaceID
    directory: string
-    permission?: PermissionNext.Ruleset
+    permission?: Permission.Ruleset
  }) {
    const result: Info = {
      id: SessionID.descending(input.id),
@@ -423,7 +423,7 @@ export namespace Session {
  export const setPermission = fn(
    z.object({
      sessionID: SessionID.zod,
-      permission: PermissionNext.Ruleset,
+      permission: Permission.Ruleset,
    }),
    async (input) => {
      return Database.use((db) => {
--- a/packages/opencode/src/session/llm.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/session/llm.ts
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ import type { MessageV2 } from "./message-v2"
 import { Plugin } from "@/plugin"
 import { SystemPrompt } from "./system"
 import { Flag } from "@/flag/flag"
-import { PermissionNext } from "@/permission"
+import { Permission } from "@/permission"
 import { Auth } from "@/auth"

 export namespace LLM {
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ export namespace LLM {
    sessionID: string
    model: Provider.Model
    agent: Agent.Info
-    permission?: PermissionNext.Ruleset
+    permission?: Permission.Ruleset
    system: string[]
    abort: AbortSignal
    messages: ModelMessage[]
@@ -286,9 +286,9 @@ export namespace LLM {
  }

  async function resolveTools(input: Pick<StreamInput, "tools" | "agent" | "permission" | "user">) {
-    const disabled = PermissionNext.disabled(
+    const disabled = Permission.disabled(
      Object.keys(input.tools),
-      PermissionNext.merge(input.agent.permission, input.permission ?? []),
+      Permission.merge(input.agent.permission, input.permission ?? []),
    )
    for (const tool of Object.keys(input.tools)) {
      if (input.user.tools?.[tool] === false || disabled.has(tool)) {
--- a/packages/opencode/src/session/processor.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/session/processor.ts
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ import type { Provider } from "@/provider/provider"
 import { LLM } from "./llm"
 import { Config } from "@/config/config"
 import { SessionCompaction } from "./compaction"
-import { PermissionNext } from "@/permission"
+import { Permission } from "@/permission"
 import { Question } from "@/question"
 import { PartID } from "./schema"
 import type { SessionID, MessageID } from "./schema"
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ export namespace SessionProcessor {
              input.abort.throwIfAborted()
              switch (value.type) {
                case "start":
-                  SessionStatus.set(input.sessionID, { type: "busy" })
+                  await SessionStatus.set(input.sessionID, { type: "busy" })
                  break

                case "reasoning-start":
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ export namespace SessionProcessor {
                      )
                    ) {
                      const agent = await Agent.get(input.assistantMessage.agent)
-                      await PermissionNext.ask({
+                      await Permission.ask({
                        permission: "doom_loop",
                        patterns: [value.toolName],
                        sessionID: input.assistantMessage.sessionID,
@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ export namespace SessionProcessor {
                    })

                    if (
-                      value.error instanceof PermissionNext.RejectedError ||
+                      value.error instanceof Permission.RejectedError ||
                      value.error instanceof Question.RejectedError
                    ) {
                      blocked = shouldBreak
@@ -368,7 +368,7 @@ export namespace SessionProcessor {
              if (retry !== undefined) {
                attempt++
                const delay = SessionRetry.delay(attempt, error.name === "APIError" ? error : undefined)
-                SessionStatus.set(input.sessionID, {
+                await SessionStatus.set(input.sessionID, {
                  type: "retry",
                  attempt,
                  message: retry,
@@ -382,7 +382,7 @@ export namespace SessionProcessor {
                sessionID: input.assistantMessage.sessionID,
                error: input.assistantMessage.error,
              })
-              SessionStatus.set(input.sessionID, { type: "idle" })
+              await SessionStatus.set(input.sessionID, { type: "idle" })
            }
          }
          if (snapshot) {
--- a/packages/opencode/src/session/prompt.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/session/prompt.ts
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ import { fn } from "@/util/fn"
 import { SessionProcessor } from "./processor"
 import { TaskTool } from "@/tool/task"
 import { Tool } from "@/tool/tool"
-import { PermissionNext } from "@/permission"
+import { Permission } from "@/permission"
 import { SessionStatus } from "./status"
 import { LLM } from "./llm"
 import { iife } from "@/util/iife"
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ export namespace SessionPrompt {

    // this is backwards compatibility for allowing `tools` to be specified when
    // prompting
-    const permissions: PermissionNext.Ruleset = []
+    const permissions: Permission.Ruleset = []
    for (const [tool, enabled] of Object.entries(input.tools ?? {})) {
      permissions.push({
        permission: tool,
@@ -257,17 +257,17 @@ export namespace SessionPrompt {
    return s[sessionID].abort.signal
  }

-  export function cancel(sessionID: SessionID) {
+  export async function cancel(sessionID: SessionID) {
    log.info("cancel", { sessionID })
    const s = state()
    const match = s[sessionID]
    if (!match) {
-      SessionStatus.set(sessionID, { type: "idle" })
+      await SessionStatus.set(sessionID, { type: "idle" })
      return
    }
    match.abort.abort()
    delete s[sessionID]
-    SessionStatus.set(sessionID, { type: "idle" })
+    await SessionStatus.set(sessionID, { type: "idle" })
    return
  }

@@ -286,7 +286,7 @@ export namespace SessionPrompt {
      })
    }

-    using _ = defer(() => cancel(sessionID))
+    await using _ = defer(() => cancel(sessionID))

    // Structured output state
    // Note: On session resumption, state is reset but outputFormat is preserved
@@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ export namespace SessionPrompt {
    let step = 0
    const session = await Session.get(sessionID)
    while (true) {
-      SessionStatus.set(sessionID, { type: "busy" })
+      await SessionStatus.set(sessionID, { type: "busy" })
      log.info("loop", { step, sessionID })
      if (abort.aborted) break
      let msgs = await MessageV2.filterCompacted(MessageV2.stream(sessionID))
@@ -437,10 +437,10 @@ export namespace SessionPrompt {
            } satisfies MessageV2.ToolPart)) as MessageV2.ToolPart
          },
          async ask(req) {
-            await PermissionNext.ask({
+            await Permission.ask({
              ...req,
              sessionID: sessionID,
-              ruleset: PermissionNext.merge(taskAgent.permission, session.permission ?? []),
+              ruleset: Permission.merge(taskAgent.permission, session.permission ?? []),
            })
          },
        }
@@ -781,11 +781,11 @@ export namespace SessionPrompt {
        }
      },
      async ask(req) {
-        await PermissionNext.ask({
+        await Permission.ask({
          ...req,
          sessionID: input.session.id,
          tool: { messageID: input.processor.message.id, callID: options.toolCallId },
-          ruleset: PermissionNext.merge(input.agent.permission, input.session.permission ?? []),
+          ruleset: Permission.merge(input.agent.permission, input.session.permission ?? []),
        })
      },
    })
@@ -1271,7 +1271,7 @@ export namespace SessionPrompt {

        if (part.type === "agent") {
          // Check if this agent would be denied by task permission
-          const perm = PermissionNext.evaluate("task", part.name, agent.permission)
+          const perm = Permission.evaluate("task", part.name, agent.permission)
          const hint = perm.action === "deny" ? " . Invoked by user; guaranteed to exist." : ""
          return [
            {
@@ -1782,6 +1782,9 @@ NOTE: At any point in time through this workflow you should feel free to ask the
  export async function command(input: CommandInput) {
    log.info("command", input)
    const command = await Command.get(input.command)
+    if (!command) {
+      throw new NamedError.Unknown({ message: `Command not found: "${input.command}"` })
+    }
    const agentName = command.agent ?? input.agent ?? (await Agent.defaultAgent())

    const raw = input.arguments.match(argsRegex) ?? []
--- a/packages/opencode/src/session/session.sql.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/session/session.sql.ts
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import { sqliteTable, text, integer, index, primaryKey } from "drizzle-orm/sqlit
 import { ProjectTable } from "../project/project.sql"
 import type { MessageV2 } from "./message-v2"
 import type { Snapshot } from "../snapshot"
-import type { PermissionNext } from "../permission"
+import type { Permission } from "../permission"
 import type { ProjectID } from "../project/schema"
 import type { SessionID, MessageID, PartID } from "./schema"
 import type { WorkspaceID } from "../control-plane/schema"
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ export const SessionTable = sqliteTable(
    summary_files: integer(),
    summary_diffs: text({ mode: "json" }).$type<Snapshot.FileDiff[]>(),
    revert: text({ mode: "json" }).$type<{ messageID: MessageID; partID?: PartID; snapshot?: string; diff?: string }>(),
-    permission: text({ mode: "json" }).$type<PermissionNext.Ruleset>(),
+    permission: text({ mode: "json" }).$type<Permission.Ruleset>(),
    ...Timestamps,
    time_compacting: integer(),
    time_archived: integer(),
@@ -99,5 +99,5 @@ export const PermissionTable = sqliteTable("permission", {
    .primaryKey()
    .references(() => ProjectTable.id, { onDelete: "cascade" }),
  ...Timestamps,
-  data: text({ mode: "json" }).notNull().$type<PermissionNext.Ruleset>(),
+  data: text({ mode: "json" }).notNull().$type<Permission.Ruleset>(),
 })
--- a/packages/opencode/src/session/status.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/session/status.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 import { BusEvent } from "@/bus/bus-event"
 import { Bus } from "@/bus"
-import { Instance } from "@/project/instance"
+import { InstanceState } from "@/effect/instance-state"
+import { makeRuntime } from "@/effect/run-service"
 import { SessionID } from "./schema"
+import { Effect, Layer, ServiceMap } from "effect"
 import z from "zod"

 export namespace SessionStatus {
@@ -42,36 +44,56 @@ export namespace SessionStatus {
    ),
  }

-  const state = Instance.state(() => {
-    const data: Record<string, Info> = {}
-    return data
-  })
-
-  export function get(sessionID: SessionID) {
-    return (
-      state()[sessionID] ?? {
-        type: "idle",
-      }
-    )
+  export interface Interface {
+    readonly get: (sessionID: SessionID) => Effect.Effect<Info>
+    readonly list: () => Effect.Effect<Map<SessionID, Info>>
+    readonly set: (sessionID: SessionID, status: Info) => Effect.Effect<void>
  }

-  export function list() {
-    return state()
-  }
+  export class Service extends ServiceMap.Service<Service, Interface>()("@opencode/SessionStatus") {}

-  export function set(sessionID: SessionID, status: Info) {
-    Bus.publish(Event.Status, {
-      sessionID,
-      status,
-    })
-    if (status.type === "idle") {
-      // deprecated
-      Bus.publish(Event.Idle, {
-        sessionID,
+  export const layer = Layer.effect(
+    Service,
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const state = yield* InstanceState.make(
+        Effect.fn("SessionStatus.state")(() => Effect.succeed(new Map<SessionID, Info>())),
+      )
+
+      const get = Effect.fn("SessionStatus.get")(function* (sessionID: SessionID) {
+        const data = yield* InstanceState.get(state)
+        return data.get(sessionID) ?? { type: "idle" as const }
      })
-      delete state()[sessionID]
-      return
-    }
-    state()[sessionID] = status
+
+      const list = Effect.fn("SessionStatus.list")(function* () {
+        return new Map(yield* InstanceState.get(state))
+      })
+
+      const set = Effect.fn("SessionStatus.set")(function* (sessionID: SessionID, status: Info) {
+        const data = yield* InstanceState.get(state)
+        yield* Effect.promise(() => Bus.publish(Event.Status, { sessionID, status }))
+        if (status.type === "idle") {
+          yield* Effect.promise(() => Bus.publish(Event.Idle, { sessionID }))
+          data.delete(sessionID)
+          return
+        }
+        data.set(sessionID, status)
+      })
+
+      return Service.of({ get, list, set })
+    }),
+  )
+
+  const { runPromise } = makeRuntime(Service, layer)
+
+  export async function get(sessionID: SessionID) {
+    return runPromise((svc) => svc.get(sessionID))
+  }
+
+  export async function list() {
+    return runPromise((svc) => svc.list())
+  }
+
+  export async function set(sessionID: SessionID, status: Info) {
+    return runPromise((svc) => svc.set(sessionID, status))
  }
 }
--- a/packages/opencode/src/session/system.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/session/system.ts
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ import PROMPT_CODEX from "./prompt/codex.txt"
 import PROMPT_TRINITY from "./prompt/trinity.txt"
 import type { Provider } from "@/provider/provider"
 import type { Agent } from "@/agent/agent"
-import { PermissionNext } from "@/permission"
+import { Permission } from "@/permission"
 import { Skill } from "@/skill"

 export namespace SystemPrompt {
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ export namespace SystemPrompt {
  }

  export async function skills(agent: Agent.Info) {
-    if (PermissionNext.disabled(["skill"], agent.permission).has("skill")) return
+    if (Permission.disabled(["skill"], agent.permission).has("skill")) return

    const list = await Skill.available(agent)

--- a/packages/opencode/src/share/share-next.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/share/share-next.ts
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ export namespace ShareNext {
  }> {
    const headers: Record<string, string> = {}

-    const active = Account.active()
+    const active = await Account.active()
    if (!active?.active_org_id) {
      const baseUrl = await Config.get().then((x) => x.enterprise?.url ?? "https://opncd.ai")
      return { headers, api: legacyApi, baseUrl }
--- a/packages/opencode/src/skill/index.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/skill/index.ts
@@ -1 +1,262 @@
-export * from "./skill"
+import os from "os"
+import path from "path"
+import { pathToFileURL } from "url"
+import z from "zod"
+import { Effect, Layer, ServiceMap } from "effect"
+import { NamedError } from "@opencode-ai/util/error"
+import type { Agent } from "@/agent/agent"
+import { Bus } from "@/bus"
+import { InstanceState } from "@/effect/instance-state"
+import { makeRuntime } from "@/effect/run-service"
+import { Flag } from "@/flag/flag"
+import { Global } from "@/global"
+import { Permission } from "@/permission"
+import { Filesystem } from "@/util/filesystem"
+import { Config } from "../config/config"
+import { ConfigMarkdown } from "../config/markdown"
+import { Glob } from "../util/glob"
+import { Log } from "../util/log"
+import { Discovery } from "./discovery"
+
+export namespace Skill {
+  const log = Log.create({ service: "skill" })
+  const EXTERNAL_DIRS = [".claude", ".agents"]
+  const EXTERNAL_SKILL_PATTERN = "skills/**/SKILL.md"
+  const OPENCODE_SKILL_PATTERN = "{skill,skills}/**/SKILL.md"
+  const SKILL_PATTERN = "**/SKILL.md"
+
+  export const Info = z.object({
+    name: z.string(),
+    description: z.string(),
+    location: z.string(),
+    content: z.string(),
+  })
+  export type Info = z.infer<typeof Info>
+
+  export const InvalidError = NamedError.create(
+    "SkillInvalidError",
+    z.object({
+      path: z.string(),
+      message: z.string().optional(),
+      issues: z.custom<z.core.$ZodIssue[]>().optional(),
+    }),
+  )
+
+  export const NameMismatchError = NamedError.create(
+    "SkillNameMismatchError",
+    z.object({
+      path: z.string(),
+      expected: z.string(),
+      actual: z.string(),
+    }),
+  )
+
+  type State = {
+    skills: Record<string, Info>
+    dirs: Set<string>
+    task?: Promise<void>
+  }
+
+  type Cache = State & {
+    ensure: () => Promise<void>
+  }
+
+  export interface Interface {
+    readonly get: (name: string) => Effect.Effect<Info | undefined>
+    readonly all: () => Effect.Effect<Info[]>
+    readonly dirs: () => Effect.Effect<string[]>
+    readonly available: (agent?: Agent.Info) => Effect.Effect<Info[]>
+  }
+
+  const add = async (state: State, match: string) => {
+    const md = await ConfigMarkdown.parse(match).catch(async (err) => {
+      const message = ConfigMarkdown.FrontmatterError.isInstance(err)
+        ? err.data.message
+        : `Failed to parse skill ${match}`
+      const { Session } = await import("@/session")
+      Bus.publish(Session.Event.Error, { error: new NamedError.Unknown({ message }).toObject() })
+      log.error("failed to load skill", { skill: match, err })
+      return undefined
+    })
+
+    if (!md) return
+
+    const parsed = Info.pick({ name: true, description: true }).safeParse(md.data)
+    if (!parsed.success) return
+
+    if (state.skills[parsed.data.name]) {
+      log.warn("duplicate skill name", {
+        name: parsed.data.name,
+        existing: state.skills[parsed.data.name].location,
+        duplicate: match,
+      })
+    }
+
+    state.dirs.add(path.dirname(match))
+    state.skills[parsed.data.name] = {
+      name: parsed.data.name,
+      description: parsed.data.description,
+      location: match,
+      content: md.content,
+    }
+  }
+
+  const scan = async (state: State, root: string, pattern: string, opts?: { dot?: boolean; scope?: string }) => {
+    return Glob.scan(pattern, {
+      cwd: root,
+      absolute: true,
+      include: "file",
+      symlink: true,
+      dot: opts?.dot,
+    })
+      .then((matches) => Promise.all(matches.map((match) => add(state, match))))
+      .catch((error) => {
+        if (!opts?.scope) throw error
+        log.error(`failed to scan ${opts.scope} skills`, { dir: root, error })
+      })
+  }
+
+  // TODO: Migrate to Effect
+  const create = (discovery: Discovery.Interface, directory: string, worktree: string): Cache => {
+    const state: State = {
+      skills: {},
+      dirs: new Set<string>(),
+    }
+
+    const load = async () => {
+      if (!Flag.OPENCODE_DISABLE_EXTERNAL_SKILLS) {
+        for (const dir of EXTERNAL_DIRS) {
+          const root = path.join(Global.Path.home, dir)
+          if (!(await Filesystem.isDir(root))) continue
+          await scan(state, root, EXTERNAL_SKILL_PATTERN, { dot: true, scope: "global" })
+        }
+
+        for await (const root of Filesystem.up({
+          targets: EXTERNAL_DIRS,
+          start: directory,
+          stop: worktree,
+        })) {
+          await scan(state, root, EXTERNAL_SKILL_PATTERN, { dot: true, scope: "project" })
+        }
+      }
+
+      for (const dir of await Config.directories()) {
+        await scan(state, dir, OPENCODE_SKILL_PATTERN)
+      }
+
+      const cfg = await Config.get()
+      for (const item of cfg.skills?.paths ?? []) {
+        const expanded = item.startsWith("~/") ? path.join(os.homedir(), item.slice(2)) : item
+        const dir = path.isAbsolute(expanded) ? expanded : path.join(directory, expanded)
+        if (!(await Filesystem.isDir(dir))) {
+          log.warn("skill path not found", { path: dir })
+          continue
+        }
+
+        await scan(state, dir, SKILL_PATTERN)
+      }
+
+      for (const url of cfg.skills?.urls ?? []) {
+        for (const dir of await Effect.runPromise(discovery.pull(url))) {
+          state.dirs.add(dir)
+          await scan(state, dir, SKILL_PATTERN)
+        }
+      }
+
+      log.info("init", { count: Object.keys(state.skills).length })
+    }
+
+    const ensure = () => {
+      if (state.task) return state.task
+      state.task = load().catch((err) => {
+        state.task = undefined
+        throw err
+      })
+      return state.task
+    }
+
+    return { ...state, ensure }
+  }
+
+  export class Service extends ServiceMap.Service<Service, Interface>()("@opencode/Skill") {}
+
+  export const layer: Layer.Layer<Service, never, Discovery.Service> = Layer.effect(
+    Service,
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const discovery = yield* Discovery.Service
+      const state = yield* InstanceState.make(
+        Effect.fn("Skill.state")((ctx) => Effect.sync(() => create(discovery, ctx.directory, ctx.worktree))),
+      )
+
+      const ensure = Effect.fn("Skill.ensure")(function* () {
+        const cache = yield* InstanceState.get(state)
+        yield* Effect.promise(() => cache.ensure())
+        return cache
+      })
+
+      const get = Effect.fn("Skill.get")(function* (name: string) {
+        const cache = yield* ensure()
+        return cache.skills[name]
+      })
+
+      const all = Effect.fn("Skill.all")(function* () {
+        const cache = yield* ensure()
+        return Object.values(cache.skills)
+      })
+
+      const dirs = Effect.fn("Skill.dirs")(function* () {
+        const cache = yield* ensure()
+        return Array.from(cache.dirs)
+      })
+
+      const available = Effect.fn("Skill.available")(function* (agent?: Agent.Info) {
+        const cache = yield* ensure()
+        const list = Object.values(cache.skills).toSorted((a, b) => a.name.localeCompare(b.name))
+        if (!agent) return list
+        return list.filter((skill) => Permission.evaluate("skill", skill.name, agent.permission).action !== "deny")
+      })
+
+      return Service.of({ get, all, dirs, available })
+    }),
+  )
+
+  export const defaultLayer: Layer.Layer<Service> = layer.pipe(Layer.provide(Discovery.defaultLayer))
+
+  export function fmt(list: Info[], opts: { verbose: boolean }) {
+    if (list.length === 0) return "No skills are currently available."
+
+    if (opts.verbose) {
+      return [
+        "<available_skills>",
+        ...list.flatMap((skill) => [
+          "  <skill>",
+          `    <name>${skill.name}</name>`,
+          `    <description>${skill.description}</description>`,
+          `    <location>${pathToFileURL(skill.location).href}</location>`,
+          "  </skill>",
+        ]),
+        "</available_skills>",
+      ].join("\n")
+    }
+
+    return ["## Available Skills", ...list.map((skill) => `- **${skill.name}**: ${skill.description}`)].join("\n")
+  }
+
+  const { runPromise } = makeRuntime(Service, defaultLayer)
+
+  export async function get(name: string) {
+    return runPromise((skill) => skill.get(name))
+  }
+
+  export async function all() {
+    return runPromise((skill) => skill.all())
+  }
+
+  export async function dirs() {
+    return runPromise((skill) => skill.dirs())
+  }
+
+  export async function available(agent?: Agent.Info) {
+    return runPromise((skill) => skill.available(agent))
+  }
+}
--- a/packages/opencode/src/skill/service.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/skill/service.ts
@@ -1,238 +0,0 @@
-import os from "os"
-import path from "path"
-import { pathToFileURL } from "url"
-import z from "zod"
-import { Effect, Layer, ServiceMap } from "effect"
-import { NamedError } from "@opencode-ai/util/error"
-import type { Agent } from "@/agent/agent"
-import { Bus } from "@/bus"
-import { InstanceContext } from "@/effect/instance-context"
-import { Flag } from "@/flag/flag"
-import { Global } from "@/global"
-import { Permission } from "@/permission/service"
-import { Filesystem } from "@/util/filesystem"
-import { Config } from "../config/config"
-import { ConfigMarkdown } from "../config/markdown"
-import { Glob } from "../util/glob"
-import { Log } from "../util/log"
-import { Discovery } from "./discovery"
-
-export namespace Skill {
-  const log = Log.create({ service: "skill" })
-  const EXTERNAL_DIRS = [".claude", ".agents"]
-  const EXTERNAL_SKILL_PATTERN = "skills/**/SKILL.md"
-  const OPENCODE_SKILL_PATTERN = "{skill,skills}/**/SKILL.md"
-  const SKILL_PATTERN = "**/SKILL.md"
-
-  export const Info = z.object({
-    name: z.string(),
-    description: z.string(),
-    location: z.string(),
-    content: z.string(),
-  })
-  export type Info = z.infer<typeof Info>
-
-  export const InvalidError = NamedError.create(
-    "SkillInvalidError",
-    z.object({
-      path: z.string(),
-      message: z.string().optional(),
-      issues: z.custom<z.core.$ZodIssue[]>().optional(),
-    }),
-  )
-
-  export const NameMismatchError = NamedError.create(
-    "SkillNameMismatchError",
-    z.object({
-      path: z.string(),
-      expected: z.string(),
-      actual: z.string(),
-    }),
-  )
-
-  type State = {
-    skills: Record<string, Info>
-    dirs: Set<string>
-    task?: Promise<void>
-  }
-
-  type Cache = State & {
-    ensure: () => Promise<void>
-  }
-
-  export interface Interface {
-    readonly get: (name: string) => Effect.Effect<Info | undefined>
-    readonly all: () => Effect.Effect<Info[]>
-    readonly dirs: () => Effect.Effect<string[]>
-    readonly available: (agent?: Agent.Info) => Effect.Effect<Info[]>
-  }
-
-  const add = async (state: State, match: string) => {
-    const md = await ConfigMarkdown.parse(match).catch(async (err) => {
-      const message = ConfigMarkdown.FrontmatterError.isInstance(err)
-        ? err.data.message
-        : `Failed to parse skill ${match}`
-      const { Session } = await import("@/session")
-      Bus.publish(Session.Event.Error, { error: new NamedError.Unknown({ message }).toObject() })
-      log.error("failed to load skill", { skill: match, err })
-      return undefined
-    })
-
-    if (!md) return
-
-    const parsed = Info.pick({ name: true, description: true }).safeParse(md.data)
-    if (!parsed.success) return
-
-    if (state.skills[parsed.data.name]) {
-      log.warn("duplicate skill name", {
-        name: parsed.data.name,
-        existing: state.skills[parsed.data.name].location,
-        duplicate: match,
-      })
-    }
-
-    state.dirs.add(path.dirname(match))
-    state.skills[parsed.data.name] = {
-      name: parsed.data.name,
-      description: parsed.data.description,
-      location: match,
-      content: md.content,
-    }
-  }
-
-  const scan = async (state: State, root: string, pattern: string, opts?: { dot?: boolean; scope?: string }) => {
-    return Glob.scan(pattern, {
-      cwd: root,
-      absolute: true,
-      include: "file",
-      symlink: true,
-      dot: opts?.dot,
-    })
-      .then((matches) => Promise.all(matches.map((match) => add(state, match))))
-      .catch((error) => {
-        if (!opts?.scope) throw error
-        log.error(`failed to scan ${opts.scope} skills`, { dir: root, error })
-      })
-  }
-
-  // TODO: Migrate to Effect
-  const create = (instance: InstanceContext.Shape, discovery: Discovery.Interface): Cache => {
-    const state: State = {
-      skills: {},
-      dirs: new Set<string>(),
-    }
-
-    const load = async () => {
-      if (!Flag.OPENCODE_DISABLE_EXTERNAL_SKILLS) {
-        for (const dir of EXTERNAL_DIRS) {
-          const root = path.join(Global.Path.home, dir)
-          if (!(await Filesystem.isDir(root))) continue
-          await scan(state, root, EXTERNAL_SKILL_PATTERN, { dot: true, scope: "global" })
-        }
-
-        for await (const root of Filesystem.up({
-          targets: EXTERNAL_DIRS,
-          start: instance.directory,
-          stop: instance.project.worktree,
-        })) {
-          await scan(state, root, EXTERNAL_SKILL_PATTERN, { dot: true, scope: "project" })
-        }
-      }
-
-      for (const dir of await Config.directories()) {
-        await scan(state, dir, OPENCODE_SKILL_PATTERN)
-      }
-
-      const cfg = await Config.get()
-      for (const item of cfg.skills?.paths ?? []) {
-        const expanded = item.startsWith("~/") ? path.join(os.homedir(), item.slice(2)) : item
-        const dir = path.isAbsolute(expanded) ? expanded : path.join(instance.directory, expanded)
-        if (!(await Filesystem.isDir(dir))) {
-          log.warn("skill path not found", { path: dir })
-          continue
-        }
-
-        await scan(state, dir, SKILL_PATTERN)
-      }
-
-      for (const url of cfg.skills?.urls ?? []) {
-        for (const dir of await Effect.runPromise(discovery.pull(url))) {
-          state.dirs.add(dir)
-          await scan(state, dir, SKILL_PATTERN)
-        }
-      }
-
-      log.info("init", { count: Object.keys(state.skills).length })
-    }
-
-    const ensure = () => {
-      if (state.task) return state.task
-      state.task = load().catch((err) => {
-        state.task = undefined
-        throw err
-      })
-      return state.task
-    }
-
-    return { ...state, ensure }
-  }
-
-  export class Service extends ServiceMap.Service<Service, Interface>()("@opencode/Skill") {}
-
-  export const layer: Layer.Layer<Service, never, InstanceContext | Discovery.Service> = Layer.effect(
-    Service,
-    Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const instance = yield* InstanceContext
-      const discovery = yield* Discovery.Service
-      const state = create(instance, discovery)
-
-      const get = Effect.fn("Skill.get")(function* (name: string) {
-        yield* Effect.promise(() => state.ensure())
-        return state.skills[name]
-      })
-
-      const all = Effect.fn("Skill.all")(function* () {
-        yield* Effect.promise(() => state.ensure())
-        return Object.values(state.skills)
-      })
-
-      const dirs = Effect.fn("Skill.dirs")(function* () {
-        yield* Effect.promise(() => state.ensure())
-        return Array.from(state.dirs)
-      })
-
-      const available = Effect.fn("Skill.available")(function* (agent?: Agent.Info) {
-        yield* Effect.promise(() => state.ensure())
-        const list = Object.values(state.skills).toSorted((a, b) => a.name.localeCompare(b.name))
-        if (!agent) return list
-        return list.filter((skill) => Permission.evaluate("skill", skill.name, agent.permission).action !== "deny")
-      })
-
-      return Service.of({ get, all, dirs, available })
-    }),
-  ).pipe(Layer.fresh)
-
-  export const defaultLayer: Layer.Layer<Service, never, InstanceContext> = layer.pipe(
-    Layer.provide(Discovery.defaultLayer),
-  )
-
-  export function fmt(list: Info[], opts: { verbose: boolean }) {
-    if (list.length === 0) return "No skills are currently available."
-
-    if (opts.verbose) {
-      return [
-        "<available_skills>",
-        ...list.flatMap((skill) => [
-          "  <skill>",
-          `    <name>${skill.name}</name>`,
-          `    <description>${skill.description}</description>`,
-          `    <location>${pathToFileURL(skill.location).href}</location>`,
-          "  </skill>",
-        ]),
-        "</available_skills>",
-      ].join("\n")
-    }
-
-    return ["## Available Skills", ...list.map((skill) => `- **${skill.name}**: ${skill.description}`)].join("\n")
-  }
-}
--- a/packages/opencode/src/skill/skill.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/skill/skill.ts
@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-import { runPromiseInstance } from "@/effect/runtime"
-import type { Agent } from "@/agent/agent"
-import { Skill as S } from "./service"
-
-export namespace Skill {
-  export const Info = S.Info
-  export type Info = S.Info
-
-  export const InvalidError = S.InvalidError
-  export const NameMismatchError = S.NameMismatchError
-
-  export type Interface = S.Interface
-
-  export const Service = S.Service
-  export const layer = S.layer
-  export const defaultLayer = S.defaultLayer
-
-  export const fmt = S.fmt
-
-  export async function get(name: string) {
-    return runPromiseInstance(S.Service.use((skill) => skill.get(name)))
-  }
-
-  export async function all() {
-    return runPromiseInstance(S.Service.use((skill) => skill.all()))
-  }
-
-  export async function dirs() {
-    return runPromiseInstance(S.Service.use((skill) => skill.dirs()))
-  }
-
-  export async function available(agent?: Agent.Info) {
-    return runPromiseInstance(S.Service.use((skill) => skill.available(agent)))
-  }
-}
--- a/packages/opencode/src/snapshot/index.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/snapshot/index.ts
@@ -1,44 +1,396 @@
-import { runPromiseInstance } from "@/effect/runtime"
-import { Snapshot as S } from "./service"
+import { NodeChildProcessSpawner, NodeFileSystem, NodePath } from "@effect/platform-node"
+import { Cause, Duration, Effect, Layer, Schedule, ServiceMap, Stream } from "effect"
+import { ChildProcess, ChildProcessSpawner } from "effect/unstable/process"
+import path from "path"
+import z from "zod"
+import { InstanceState } from "@/effect/instance-state"
+import { makeRuntime } from "@/effect/run-service"
+import { AppFileSystem } from "@/filesystem"
+import { Config } from "../config/config"
+import { Global } from "../global"
+import { Log } from "../util/log"

 export namespace Snapshot {
-  export const Patch = S.Patch
-  export type Patch = S.Patch
+  export const Patch = z.object({
+    hash: z.string(),
+    files: z.string().array(),
+  })
+  export type Patch = z.infer<typeof Patch>

-  export const FileDiff = S.FileDiff
-  export type FileDiff = S.FileDiff
+  export const FileDiff = z
+    .object({
+      file: z.string(),
+      before: z.string(),
+      after: z.string(),
+      additions: z.number(),
+      deletions: z.number(),
+      status: z.enum(["added", "deleted", "modified"]).optional(),
+    })
+    .meta({
+      ref: "FileDiff",
+    })
+  export type FileDiff = z.infer<typeof FileDiff>

-  export type Interface = S.Interface
+  const log = Log.create({ service: "snapshot" })
+  const prune = "7.days"
+  const core = ["-c", "core.longpaths=true", "-c", "core.symlinks=true"]
+  const cfg = ["-c", "core.autocrlf=false", ...core]
+  const quote = [...cfg, "-c", "core.quotepath=false"]

-  export const Service = S.Service
-  export const layer = S.layer
-  export const defaultLayer = S.defaultLayer
+  interface GitResult {
+    readonly code: ChildProcessSpawner.ExitCode
+    readonly text: string
+    readonly stderr: string
+  }
+
+  type State = Omit<Interface, "init">
+
+  export interface Interface {
+    readonly init: () => Effect.Effect<void>
+    readonly cleanup: () => Effect.Effect<void>
+    readonly track: () => Effect.Effect<string | undefined>
+    readonly patch: (hash: string) => Effect.Effect<Snapshot.Patch>
+    readonly restore: (snapshot: string) => Effect.Effect<void>
+    readonly revert: (patches: Snapshot.Patch[]) => Effect.Effect<void>
+    readonly diff: (hash: string) => Effect.Effect<string>
+    readonly diffFull: (from: string, to: string) => Effect.Effect<Snapshot.FileDiff[]>
+  }
+
+  export class Service extends ServiceMap.Service<Service, Interface>()("@opencode/Snapshot") {}
+
+  export const layer: Layer.Layer<Service, never, AppFileSystem.Service | ChildProcessSpawner.ChildProcessSpawner> =
+    Layer.effect(
+      Service,
+      Effect.gen(function* () {
+        const fs = yield* AppFileSystem.Service
+        const spawner = yield* ChildProcessSpawner.ChildProcessSpawner
+        const state = yield* InstanceState.make<State>(
+          Effect.fn("Snapshot.state")(function* (ctx) {
+            const state = {
+              directory: ctx.directory,
+              worktree: ctx.worktree,
+              gitdir: path.join(Global.Path.data, "snapshot", ctx.project.id),
+              vcs: ctx.project.vcs,
+            }
+
+            const args = (cmd: string[]) => ["--git-dir", state.gitdir, "--work-tree", state.worktree, ...cmd]
+
+            const git = Effect.fnUntraced(
+              function* (cmd: string[], opts?: { cwd?: string; env?: Record<string, string> }) {
+                const proc = ChildProcess.make("git", cmd, {
+                  cwd: opts?.cwd,
+                  env: opts?.env,
+                  extendEnv: true,
+                })
+                const handle = yield* spawner.spawn(proc)
+                const [text, stderr] = yield* Effect.all(
+                  [
+                    Stream.mkString(Stream.decodeText(handle.stdout)),
+                    Stream.mkString(Stream.decodeText(handle.stderr)),
+                  ],
+                  { concurrency: 2 },
+                )
+                const code = yield* handle.exitCode
+                return { code, text, stderr } satisfies GitResult
+              },
+              Effect.scoped,
+              Effect.catch((err) =>
+                Effect.succeed({
+                  code: ChildProcessSpawner.ExitCode(1),
+                  text: "",
+                  stderr: String(err),
+                }),
+              ),
+            )
+
+            const exists = (file: string) => fs.exists(file).pipe(Effect.orDie)
+            const read = (file: string) => fs.readFileString(file).pipe(Effect.catch(() => Effect.succeed("")))
+            const remove = (file: string) => fs.remove(file).pipe(Effect.catch(() => Effect.void))
+
+            const enabled = Effect.fnUntraced(function* () {
+              if (state.vcs !== "git") return false
+              return (yield* Effect.promise(() => Config.get())).snapshot !== false
+            })
+
+            const excludes = Effect.fnUntraced(function* () {
+              const result = yield* git(["rev-parse", "--path-format=absolute", "--git-path", "info/exclude"], {
+                cwd: state.worktree,
+              })
+              const file = result.text.trim()
+              if (!file) return
+              if (!(yield* exists(file))) return
+              return file
+            })
+
+            const sync = Effect.fnUntraced(function* () {
+              const file = yield* excludes()
+              const target = path.join(state.gitdir, "info", "exclude")
+              yield* fs.ensureDir(path.join(state.gitdir, "info")).pipe(Effect.orDie)
+              if (!file) {
+                yield* fs.writeFileString(target, "").pipe(Effect.orDie)
+                return
+              }
+              yield* fs.writeFileString(target, yield* read(file)).pipe(Effect.orDie)
+            })
+
+            const add = Effect.fnUntraced(function* () {
+              yield* sync()
+              yield* git([...cfg, ...args(["add", "."])], { cwd: state.directory })
+            })
+
+            const cleanup = Effect.fnUntraced(function* () {
+              if (!(yield* enabled())) return
+              if (!(yield* exists(state.gitdir))) return
+              const result = yield* git(args(["gc", `--prune=${prune}`]), { cwd: state.directory })
+              if (result.code !== 0) {
+                log.warn("cleanup failed", {
+                  exitCode: result.code,
+                  stderr: result.stderr,
+                })
+                return
+              }
+              log.info("cleanup", { prune })
+            })
+
+            const track = Effect.fnUntraced(function* () {
+              if (!(yield* enabled())) return
+              const existed = yield* exists(state.gitdir)
+              yield* fs.ensureDir(state.gitdir).pipe(Effect.orDie)
+              if (!existed) {
+                yield* git(["init"], {
+                  env: { GIT_DIR: state.gitdir, GIT_WORK_TREE: state.worktree },
+                })
+                yield* git(["--git-dir", state.gitdir, "config", "core.autocrlf", "false"])
+                yield* git(["--git-dir", state.gitdir, "config", "core.longpaths", "true"])
+                yield* git(["--git-dir", state.gitdir, "config", "core.symlinks", "true"])
+                yield* git(["--git-dir", state.gitdir, "config", "core.fsmonitor", "false"])
+                log.info("initialized")
+              }
+              yield* add()
+              const result = yield* git(args(["write-tree"]), { cwd: state.directory })
+              const hash = result.text.trim()
+              log.info("tracking", { hash, cwd: state.directory, git: state.gitdir })
+              return hash
+            })
+
+            const patch = Effect.fnUntraced(function* (hash: string) {
+              yield* add()
+              const result = yield* git(
+                [...quote, ...args(["diff", "--no-ext-diff", "--name-only", hash, "--", "."])],
+                {
+                  cwd: state.directory,
+                },
+              )
+              if (result.code !== 0) {
+                log.warn("failed to get diff", { hash, exitCode: result.code })
+                return { hash, files: [] }
+              }
+              return {
+                hash,
+                files: result.text
+                  .trim()
+                  .split("\n")
+                  .map((x) => x.trim())
+                  .filter(Boolean)
+                  .map((x) => path.join(state.worktree, x).replaceAll("\\", "/")),
+              }
+            })
+
+            const restore = Effect.fnUntraced(function* (snapshot: string) {
+              log.info("restore", { commit: snapshot })
+              const result = yield* git([...core, ...args(["read-tree", snapshot])], { cwd: state.worktree })
+              if (result.code === 0) {
+                const checkout = yield* git([...core, ...args(["checkout-index", "-a", "-f"])], { cwd: state.worktree })
+                if (checkout.code === 0) return
+                log.error("failed to restore snapshot", {
+                  snapshot,
+                  exitCode: checkout.code,
+                  stderr: checkout.stderr,
+                })
+                return
+              }
+              log.error("failed to restore snapshot", {
+                snapshot,
+                exitCode: result.code,
+                stderr: result.stderr,
+              })
+            })
+
+            const revert = Effect.fnUntraced(function* (patches: Snapshot.Patch[]) {
+              const seen = new Set<string>()
+              for (const item of patches) {
+                for (const file of item.files) {
+                  if (seen.has(file)) continue
+                  seen.add(file)
+                  log.info("reverting", { file, hash: item.hash })
+                  const result = yield* git([...core, ...args(["checkout", item.hash, "--", file])], {
+                    cwd: state.worktree,
+                  })
+                  if (result.code !== 0) {
+                    const rel = path.relative(state.worktree, file)
+                    const tree = yield* git([...core, ...args(["ls-tree", item.hash, "--", rel])], {
+                      cwd: state.worktree,
+                    })
+                    if (tree.code === 0 && tree.text.trim()) {
+                      log.info("file existed in snapshot but checkout failed, keeping", { file })
+                    } else {
+                      log.info("file did not exist in snapshot, deleting", { file })
+                      yield* remove(file)
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            })
+
+            const diff = Effect.fnUntraced(function* (hash: string) {
+              yield* add()
+              const result = yield* git([...quote, ...args(["diff", "--no-ext-diff", hash, "--", "."])], {
+                cwd: state.worktree,
+              })
+              if (result.code !== 0) {
+                log.warn("failed to get diff", {
+                  hash,
+                  exitCode: result.code,
+                  stderr: result.stderr,
+                })
+                return ""
+              }
+              return result.text.trim()
+            })
+
+            const diffFull = Effect.fnUntraced(function* (from: string, to: string) {
+              const result: Snapshot.FileDiff[] = []
+              const status = new Map<string, "added" | "deleted" | "modified">()
+
+              const statuses = yield* git(
+                [...quote, ...args(["diff", "--no-ext-diff", "--name-status", "--no-renames", from, to, "--", "."])],
+                { cwd: state.directory },
+              )
+
+              for (const line of statuses.text.trim().split("\n")) {
+                if (!line) continue
+                const [code, file] = line.split("\t")
+                if (!code || !file) continue
+                status.set(file, code.startsWith("A") ? "added" : code.startsWith("D") ? "deleted" : "modified")
+              }
+
+              const numstat = yield* git(
+                [...quote, ...args(["diff", "--no-ext-diff", "--no-renames", "--numstat", from, to, "--", "."])],
+                {
+                  cwd: state.directory,
+                },
+              )
+
+              for (const line of numstat.text.trim().split("\n")) {
+                if (!line) continue
+                const [adds, dels, file] = line.split("\t")
+                if (!file) continue
+                const binary = adds === "-" && dels === "-"
+                const [before, after] = binary
+                  ? ["", ""]
+                  : yield* Effect.all(
+                      [
+                        git([...cfg, ...args(["show", `${from}:${file}`])]).pipe(Effect.map((item) => item.text)),
+                        git([...cfg, ...args(["show", `${to}:${file}`])]).pipe(Effect.map((item) => item.text)),
+                      ],
+                      { concurrency: 2 },
+                    )
+                const additions = binary ? 0 : parseInt(adds)
+                const deletions = binary ? 0 : parseInt(dels)
+                result.push({
+                  file,
+                  before,
+                  after,
+                  additions: Number.isFinite(additions) ? additions : 0,
+                  deletions: Number.isFinite(deletions) ? deletions : 0,
+                  status: status.get(file) ?? "modified",
+                })
+              }
+
+              return result
+            })
+
+            yield* cleanup().pipe(
+              Effect.catchCause((cause) => {
+                log.error("cleanup loop failed", { cause: Cause.pretty(cause) })
+                return Effect.void
+              }),
+              Effect.repeat(Schedule.spaced(Duration.hours(1))),
+              Effect.delay(Duration.minutes(1)),
+              Effect.forkScoped,
+            )
+
+            return { cleanup, track, patch, restore, revert, diff, diffFull }
+          }),
+        )
+
+        return Service.of({
+          init: Effect.fn("Snapshot.init")(function* () {
+            yield* InstanceState.get(state)
+          }),
+          cleanup: Effect.fn("Snapshot.cleanup")(function* () {
+            return yield* InstanceState.useEffect(state, (s) => s.cleanup())
+          }),
+          track: Effect.fn("Snapshot.track")(function* () {
+            return yield* InstanceState.useEffect(state, (s) => s.track())
+          }),
+          patch: Effect.fn("Snapshot.patch")(function* (hash: string) {
+            return yield* InstanceState.useEffect(state, (s) => s.patch(hash))
+          }),
+          restore: Effect.fn("Snapshot.restore")(function* (snapshot: string) {
+            return yield* InstanceState.useEffect(state, (s) => s.restore(snapshot))
+          }),
+          revert: Effect.fn("Snapshot.revert")(function* (patches: Snapshot.Patch[]) {
+            return yield* InstanceState.useEffect(state, (s) => s.revert(patches))
+          }),
+          diff: Effect.fn("Snapshot.diff")(function* (hash: string) {
+            return yield* InstanceState.useEffect(state, (s) => s.diff(hash))
+          }),
+          diffFull: Effect.fn("Snapshot.diffFull")(function* (from: string, to: string) {
+            return yield* InstanceState.useEffect(state, (s) => s.diffFull(from, to))
+          }),
+        })
+      }),
+    )
+
+  export const defaultLayer = layer.pipe(
+    Layer.provide(NodeChildProcessSpawner.layer),
+    Layer.provide(AppFileSystem.defaultLayer),
+    Layer.provide(NodeFileSystem.layer), // needed by NodeChildProcessSpawner
+    Layer.provide(NodePath.layer),
+  )
+
+  const { runPromise } = makeRuntime(Service, defaultLayer)
+
+  export async function init() {
+    return runPromise((svc) => svc.init())
+  }

  export async function cleanup() {
-    return runPromiseInstance(S.Service.use((svc) => svc.cleanup()))
+    return runPromise((svc) => svc.cleanup())
  }

  export async function track() {
-    return runPromiseInstance(S.Service.use((svc) => svc.track()))
+    return runPromise((svc) => svc.track())
  }

  export async function patch(hash: string) {
-    return runPromiseInstance(S.Service.use((svc) => svc.patch(hash)))
+    return runPromise((svc) => svc.patch(hash))
  }

  export async function restore(snapshot: string) {
-    return runPromiseInstance(S.Service.use((svc) => svc.restore(snapshot)))
+    return runPromise((svc) => svc.restore(snapshot))
  }

  export async function revert(patches: Patch[]) {
-    return runPromiseInstance(S.Service.use((svc) => svc.revert(patches)))
+    return runPromise((svc) => svc.revert(patches))
  }

  export async function diff(hash: string) {
-    return runPromiseInstance(S.Service.use((svc) => svc.diff(hash)))
+    return runPromise((svc) => svc.diff(hash))
  }

  export async function diffFull(from: string, to: string) {
-    return runPromiseInstance(S.Service.use((svc) => svc.diffFull(from, to)))
+    return runPromise((svc) => svc.diffFull(from, to))
  }
 }
--- a/packages/opencode/src/snapshot/service.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/snapshot/service.ts
@@ -1,320 +0,0 @@
-import { NodeChildProcessSpawner, NodeFileSystem, NodePath } from "@effect/platform-node"
-import { Cause, Duration, Effect, Layer, Schedule, ServiceMap, Stream } from "effect"
-import { ChildProcess, ChildProcessSpawner } from "effect/unstable/process"
-import path from "path"
-import z from "zod"
-import { InstanceContext } from "@/effect/instance-context"
-import { AppFileSystem } from "@/filesystem"
-import { Config } from "../config/config"
-import { Global } from "../global"
-import { Log } from "../util/log"
-
-export namespace Snapshot {
-  export const Patch = z.object({
-    hash: z.string(),
-    files: z.string().array(),
-  })
-  export type Patch = z.infer<typeof Patch>
-
-  export const FileDiff = z
-    .object({
-      file: z.string(),
-      before: z.string(),
-      after: z.string(),
-      additions: z.number(),
-      deletions: z.number(),
-      status: z.enum(["added", "deleted", "modified"]).optional(),
-    })
-    .meta({
-      ref: "FileDiff",
-    })
-  export type FileDiff = z.infer<typeof FileDiff>
-
-  const log = Log.create({ service: "snapshot" })
-  const prune = "7.days"
-  const core = ["-c", "core.longpaths=true", "-c", "core.symlinks=true"]
-  const cfg = ["-c", "core.autocrlf=false", ...core]
-  const quote = [...cfg, "-c", "core.quotepath=false"]
-
-  interface GitResult {
-    readonly code: ChildProcessSpawner.ExitCode
-    readonly text: string
-    readonly stderr: string
-  }
-
-  export interface Interface {
-    readonly cleanup: () => Effect.Effect<void>
-    readonly track: () => Effect.Effect<string | undefined>
-    readonly patch: (hash: string) => Effect.Effect<Snapshot.Patch>
-    readonly restore: (snapshot: string) => Effect.Effect<void>
-    readonly revert: (patches: Snapshot.Patch[]) => Effect.Effect<void>
-    readonly diff: (hash: string) => Effect.Effect<string>
-    readonly diffFull: (from: string, to: string) => Effect.Effect<Snapshot.FileDiff[]>
-  }
-
-  export class Service extends ServiceMap.Service<Service, Interface>()("@opencode/Snapshot") {}
-
-  export const layer: Layer.Layer<
-    Service,
-    never,
-    InstanceContext | AppFileSystem.Service | ChildProcessSpawner.ChildProcessSpawner
-  > = Layer.effect(
-    Service,
-    Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const ctx = yield* InstanceContext
-      const fs = yield* AppFileSystem.Service
-      const spawner = yield* ChildProcessSpawner.ChildProcessSpawner
-      const directory = ctx.directory
-      const worktree = ctx.worktree
-      const project = ctx.project
-      const gitdir = path.join(Global.Path.data, "snapshot", project.id)
-
-      const args = (cmd: string[]) => ["--git-dir", gitdir, "--work-tree", worktree, ...cmd]
-
-      const git = Effect.fnUntraced(
-        function* (cmd: string[], opts?: { cwd?: string; env?: Record<string, string> }) {
-          const proc = ChildProcess.make("git", cmd, {
-            cwd: opts?.cwd,
-            env: opts?.env,
-            extendEnv: true,
-          })
-          const handle = yield* spawner.spawn(proc)
-          const [text, stderr] = yield* Effect.all(
-            [Stream.mkString(Stream.decodeText(handle.stdout)), Stream.mkString(Stream.decodeText(handle.stderr))],
-            { concurrency: 2 },
-          )
-          const code = yield* handle.exitCode
-          return { code, text, stderr } satisfies GitResult
-        },
-        Effect.scoped,
-        Effect.catch((err) =>
-          Effect.succeed({
-            code: ChildProcessSpawner.ExitCode(1),
-            text: "",
-            stderr: String(err),
-          }),
-        ),
-      )
-
-      // Snapshot-specific error handling on top of AppFileSystem
-      const exists = (file: string) => fs.exists(file).pipe(Effect.orDie)
-      const read = (file: string) => fs.readFileString(file).pipe(Effect.catch(() => Effect.succeed("")))
-      const remove = (file: string) => fs.remove(file).pipe(Effect.catch(() => Effect.void))
-
-      const enabled = Effect.fnUntraced(function* () {
-        if (project.vcs !== "git") return false
-        return (yield* Effect.promise(() => Config.get())).snapshot !== false
-      })
-
-      const excludes = Effect.fnUntraced(function* () {
-        const result = yield* git(["rev-parse", "--path-format=absolute", "--git-path", "info/exclude"], {
-          cwd: worktree,
-        })
-        const file = result.text.trim()
-        if (!file) return
-        if (!(yield* exists(file))) return
-        return file
-      })
-
-      const sync = Effect.fnUntraced(function* () {
-        const file = yield* excludes()
-        const target = path.join(gitdir, "info", "exclude")
-        yield* fs.ensureDir(path.join(gitdir, "info")).pipe(Effect.orDie)
-        if (!file) {
-          yield* fs.writeFileString(target, "").pipe(Effect.orDie)
-          return
-        }
-        yield* fs.writeFileString(target, yield* read(file)).pipe(Effect.orDie)
-      })
-
-      const add = Effect.fnUntraced(function* () {
-        yield* sync()
-        yield* git([...cfg, ...args(["add", "."])], { cwd: directory })
-      })
-
-      const cleanup = Effect.fn("Snapshot.cleanup")(function* () {
-        if (!(yield* enabled())) return
-        if (!(yield* exists(gitdir))) return
-        const result = yield* git(args(["gc", `--prune=${prune}`]), { cwd: directory })
-        if (result.code !== 0) {
-          log.warn("cleanup failed", {
-            exitCode: result.code,
-            stderr: result.stderr,
-          })
-          return
-        }
-        log.info("cleanup", { prune })
-      })
-
-      const track = Effect.fn("Snapshot.track")(function* () {
-        if (!(yield* enabled())) return
-        const existed = yield* exists(gitdir)
-        yield* fs.ensureDir(gitdir).pipe(Effect.orDie)
-        if (!existed) {
-          yield* git(["init"], {
-            env: { GIT_DIR: gitdir, GIT_WORK_TREE: worktree },
-          })
-          yield* git(["--git-dir", gitdir, "config", "core.autocrlf", "false"])
-          yield* git(["--git-dir", gitdir, "config", "core.longpaths", "true"])
-          yield* git(["--git-dir", gitdir, "config", "core.symlinks", "true"])
-          yield* git(["--git-dir", gitdir, "config", "core.fsmonitor", "false"])
-          log.info("initialized")
-        }
-        yield* add()
-        const result = yield* git(args(["write-tree"]), { cwd: directory })
-        const hash = result.text.trim()
-        log.info("tracking", { hash, cwd: directory, git: gitdir })
-        return hash
-      })
-
-      const patch = Effect.fn("Snapshot.patch")(function* (hash: string) {
-        yield* add()
-        const result = yield* git([...quote, ...args(["diff", "--no-ext-diff", "--name-only", hash, "--", "."])], {
-          cwd: directory,
-        })
-        if (result.code !== 0) {
-          log.warn("failed to get diff", { hash, exitCode: result.code })
-          return { hash, files: [] }
-        }
-        return {
-          hash,
-          files: result.text
-            .trim()
-            .split("\n")
-            .map((x) => x.trim())
-            .filter(Boolean)
-            .map((x) => path.join(worktree, x).replaceAll("\\", "/")),
-        }
-      })
-
-      const restore = Effect.fn("Snapshot.restore")(function* (snapshot: string) {
-        log.info("restore", { commit: snapshot })
-        const result = yield* git([...core, ...args(["read-tree", snapshot])], { cwd: worktree })
-        if (result.code === 0) {
-          const checkout = yield* git([...core, ...args(["checkout-index", "-a", "-f"])], { cwd: worktree })
-          if (checkout.code === 0) return
-          log.error("failed to restore snapshot", {
-            snapshot,
-            exitCode: checkout.code,
-            stderr: checkout.stderr,
-          })
-          return
-        }
-        log.error("failed to restore snapshot", {
-          snapshot,
-          exitCode: result.code,
-          stderr: result.stderr,
-        })
-      })
-
-      const revert = Effect.fn("Snapshot.revert")(function* (patches: Snapshot.Patch[]) {
-        const seen = new Set<string>()
-        for (const item of patches) {
-          for (const file of item.files) {
-            if (seen.has(file)) continue
-            seen.add(file)
-            log.info("reverting", { file, hash: item.hash })
-            const result = yield* git([...core, ...args(["checkout", item.hash, "--", file])], { cwd: worktree })
-            if (result.code !== 0) {
-              const rel = path.relative(worktree, file)
-              const tree = yield* git([...core, ...args(["ls-tree", item.hash, "--", rel])], { cwd: worktree })
-              if (tree.code === 0 && tree.text.trim()) {
-                log.info("file existed in snapshot but checkout failed, keeping", { file })
-              } else {
-                log.info("file did not exist in snapshot, deleting", { file })
-                yield* remove(file)
-              }
-            }
-          }
-        }
-      })
-
-      const diff = Effect.fn("Snapshot.diff")(function* (hash: string) {
-        yield* add()
-        const result = yield* git([...quote, ...args(["diff", "--no-ext-diff", hash, "--", "."])], {
-          cwd: worktree,
-        })
-        if (result.code !== 0) {
-          log.warn("failed to get diff", {
-            hash,
-            exitCode: result.code,
-            stderr: result.stderr,
-          })
-          return ""
-        }
-        return result.text.trim()
-      })
-
-      const diffFull = Effect.fn("Snapshot.diffFull")(function* (from: string, to: string) {
-        const result: Snapshot.FileDiff[] = []
-        const status = new Map<string, "added" | "deleted" | "modified">()
-
-        const statuses = yield* git(
-          [...quote, ...args(["diff", "--no-ext-diff", "--name-status", "--no-renames", from, to, "--", "."])],
-          { cwd: directory },
-        )
-
-        for (const line of statuses.text.trim().split("\n")) {
-          if (!line) continue
-          const [code, file] = line.split("\t")
-          if (!code || !file) continue
-          status.set(file, code.startsWith("A") ? "added" : code.startsWith("D") ? "deleted" : "modified")
-        }
-
-        const numstat = yield* git(
-          [...quote, ...args(["diff", "--no-ext-diff", "--no-renames", "--numstat", from, to, "--", "."])],
-          {
-            cwd: directory,
-          },
-        )
-
-        for (const line of numstat.text.trim().split("\n")) {
-          if (!line) continue
-          const [adds, dels, file] = line.split("\t")
-          if (!file) continue
-          const binary = adds === "-" && dels === "-"
-          const [before, after] = binary
-            ? ["", ""]
-            : yield* Effect.all(
-                [
-                  git([...cfg, ...args(["show", `${from}:${file}`])]).pipe(Effect.map((item) => item.text)),
-                  git([...cfg, ...args(["show", `${to}:${file}`])]).pipe(Effect.map((item) => item.text)),
-                ],
-                { concurrency: 2 },
-              )
-          const additions = binary ? 0 : parseInt(adds)
-          const deletions = binary ? 0 : parseInt(dels)
-          result.push({
-            file,
-            before,
-            after,
-            additions: Number.isFinite(additions) ? additions : 0,
-            deletions: Number.isFinite(deletions) ? deletions : 0,
-            status: status.get(file) ?? "modified",
-          })
-        }
-
-        return result
-      })
-
-      yield* cleanup().pipe(
-        Effect.catchCause((cause) => {
-          log.error("cleanup loop failed", { cause: Cause.pretty(cause) })
-          return Effect.void
-        }),
-        Effect.repeat(Schedule.spaced(Duration.hours(1))),
-        Effect.delay(Duration.minutes(1)),
-        Effect.forkScoped,
-      )
-
-      return Service.of({ cleanup, track, patch, restore, revert, diff, diffFull })
-    }),
-  ).pipe(Layer.fresh)
-
-  export const defaultLayer = layer.pipe(
-    Layer.provide(NodeChildProcessSpawner.layer),
-    Layer.provide(AppFileSystem.defaultLayer),
-    Layer.provide(NodeFileSystem.layer), // needed by NodeChildProcessSpawner
-    Layer.provide(NodePath.layer),
-  )
-}
--- a/packages/opencode/src/storage/db.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/storage/db.ts
@@ -28,6 +28,10 @@ const log = Log.create({ service: "db" })

 export namespace Database {
  export const Path = iife(() => {
+    if (Flag.OPENCODE_DB) {
+      if (path.isAbsolute(Flag.OPENCODE_DB)) return Flag.OPENCODE_DB
+      return path.join(Global.Path.data, Flag.OPENCODE_DB)
+    }
    const channel = Installation.CHANNEL
    if (["latest", "beta"].includes(channel) || Flag.OPENCODE_DISABLE_CHANNEL_DB)
      return path.join(Global.Path.data, "opencode.db")
--- a/packages/opencode/src/tool/apply_patch.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/tool/apply_patch.ts
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ import { trimDiff } from "./edit"
 import { LSP } from "../lsp"
 import { Filesystem } from "../util/filesystem"
 import DESCRIPTION from "./apply_patch.txt"
-import { File } from "../file"
+import { Format } from "../format"

 const PatchParams = z.object({
  patchText: z.string().describe("The full patch text that describes all changes to be made"),
@@ -220,9 +220,7 @@ export const ApplyPatchTool = Tool.define("apply_patch", {
      }

      if (edited) {
-        await Bus.publish(File.Event.Edited, {
-          file: edited,
-        })
+        await Format.file(edited)
      }
    }

--- a/packages/opencode/src/tool/edit.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/tool/edit.ts
@@ -9,9 +9,9 @@ import { Tool } from "./tool"
 import { LSP } from "../lsp"
 import { createTwoFilesPatch, diffLines } from "diff"
 import DESCRIPTION from "./edit.txt"
-import { File } from "../file"
 import { FileWatcher } from "../file/watcher"
 import { Bus } from "../bus"
+import { Format } from "../format"
 import { FileTime } from "../file/time"
 import { Filesystem } from "../util/filesystem"
 import { Instance } from "../project/instance"
@@ -71,9 +71,7 @@ export const EditTool = Tool.define("edit", {
          },
        })
        await Filesystem.write(filePath, params.newString)
-        await Bus.publish(File.Event.Edited, {
-          file: filePath,
-        })
+        await Format.file(filePath)
        await Bus.publish(FileWatcher.Event.Updated, {
          file: filePath,
          event: existed ? "change" : "add",
@@ -108,9 +106,7 @@ export const EditTool = Tool.define("edit", {
      })

      await Filesystem.write(filePath, contentNew)
-      await Bus.publish(File.Event.Edited, {
-        file: filePath,
-      })
+      await Format.file(filePath)
      await Bus.publish(FileWatcher.Event.Updated, {
        file: filePath,
        event: "change",
--- a/packages/opencode/src/tool/registry.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/tool/registry.ts
@@ -7,14 +7,13 @@ import { GrepTool } from "./grep"
 import { BatchTool } from "./batch"
 import { ReadTool } from "./read"
 import { TaskTool } from "./task"
-import { TodoWriteTool, TodoReadTool } from "./todo"
+import { TodoWriteTool } from "./todo"
 import { WebFetchTool } from "./webfetch"
 import { WriteTool } from "./write"
 import { InvalidTool } from "./invalid"
 import { SkillTool } from "./skill"
 import type { Agent } from "../agent/agent"
 import { Tool } from "./tool"
-import { Instance } from "../project/instance"
 import { Config } from "../config/config"
 import path from "path"
 import { type ToolContext as PluginToolContext, type ToolDefinition } from "@opencode-ai/plugin"
@@ -27,106 +26,186 @@ import { Flag } from "@/flag/flag"
 import { Log } from "@/util/log"
 import { LspTool } from "./lsp"
 import { Truncate } from "./truncate"
-
 import { ApplyPatchTool } from "./apply_patch"
 import { Glob } from "../util/glob"
 import { pathToFileURL } from "url"
+import { Effect, Layer, ServiceMap } from "effect"
+import { InstanceState } from "@/effect/instance-state"
+import { makeRuntime } from "@/effect/run-service"

 export namespace ToolRegistry {
  const log = Log.create({ service: "tool.registry" })

-  export const state = Instance.state(async () => {
-    const custom = [] as Tool.Info[]
-
-    const matches = await Config.directories().then((dirs) =>
-      dirs.flatMap((dir) =>
-        Glob.scanSync("{tool,tools}/*.{js,ts}", { cwd: dir, absolute: true, dot: true, symlink: true }),
-      ),
-    )
-    if (matches.length) await Config.waitForDependencies()
-    for (const match of matches) {
-      const namespace = path.basename(match, path.extname(match))
-      const mod = await import(process.platform === "win32" ? match : pathToFileURL(match).href)
-      for (const [id, def] of Object.entries<ToolDefinition>(mod)) {
-        custom.push(fromPlugin(id === "default" ? namespace : `${namespace}_${id}`, def))
-      }
-    }
-
-    const plugins = await Plugin.list()
-    for (const plugin of plugins) {
-      for (const [id, def] of Object.entries(plugin.tool ?? {})) {
-        custom.push(fromPlugin(id, def))
-      }
-    }
-
-    return { custom }
-  })
-
-  function fromPlugin(id: string, def: ToolDefinition): Tool.Info {
-    return {
-      id,
-      init: async (initCtx) => ({
-        parameters: z.object(def.args),
-        description: def.description,
-        execute: async (args, ctx) => {
-          const pluginCtx = {
-            ...ctx,
-            directory: Instance.directory,
-            worktree: Instance.worktree,
-          } as unknown as PluginToolContext
-          const result = await def.execute(args as any, pluginCtx)
-          const out = await Truncate.output(result, {}, initCtx?.agent)
-          return {
-            title: "",
-            output: out.truncated ? out.content : result,
-            metadata: { truncated: out.truncated, outputPath: out.truncated ? out.outputPath : undefined },
-          }
-        },
-      }),
-    }
+  type State = {
+    custom: Tool.Info[]
  }

+  export interface Interface {
+    readonly register: (tool: Tool.Info) => Effect.Effect<void>
+    readonly ids: () => Effect.Effect<string[]>
+    readonly tools: (
+      model: { providerID: ProviderID; modelID: ModelID },
+      agent?: Agent.Info,
+    ) => Effect.Effect<(Awaited<ReturnType<Tool.Info["init"]>> & { id: string })[]>
+  }
+
+  export class Service extends ServiceMap.Service<Service, Interface>()("@opencode/ToolRegistry") {}
+
+  export const layer = Layer.effect(
+    Service,
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const cache = yield* InstanceState.make<State>(
+        Effect.fn("ToolRegistry.state")(function* (ctx) {
+          const custom: Tool.Info[] = []
+
+          function fromPlugin(id: string, def: ToolDefinition): Tool.Info {
+            return {
+              id,
+              init: async (initCtx) => ({
+                parameters: z.object(def.args),
+                description: def.description,
+                execute: async (args, toolCtx) => {
+                  const pluginCtx = {
+                    ...toolCtx,
+                    directory: ctx.directory,
+                    worktree: ctx.worktree,
+                  } as unknown as PluginToolContext
+                  const result = await def.execute(args as any, pluginCtx)
+                  const out = await Truncate.output(result, {}, initCtx?.agent)
+                  return {
+                    title: "",
+                    output: out.truncated ? out.content : result,
+                    metadata: { truncated: out.truncated, outputPath: out.truncated ? out.outputPath : undefined },
+                  }
+                },
+              }),
+            }
+          }
+
+          yield* Effect.promise(async () => {
+            const matches = await Config.directories().then((dirs) =>
+              dirs.flatMap((dir) =>
+                Glob.scanSync("{tool,tools}/*.{js,ts}", { cwd: dir, absolute: true, dot: true, symlink: true }),
+              ),
+            )
+            if (matches.length) await Config.waitForDependencies()
+            for (const match of matches) {
+              const namespace = path.basename(match, path.extname(match))
+              const mod = await import(process.platform === "win32" ? match : pathToFileURL(match).href)
+              for (const [id, def] of Object.entries<ToolDefinition>(mod)) {
+                custom.push(fromPlugin(id === "default" ? namespace : `${namespace}_${id}`, def))
+              }
+            }
+
+            const plugins = await Plugin.list()
+            for (const plugin of plugins) {
+              for (const [id, def] of Object.entries(plugin.tool ?? {})) {
+                custom.push(fromPlugin(id, def))
+              }
+            }
+          })
+
+          return { custom }
+        }),
+      )
+
+      async function all(custom: Tool.Info[]): Promise<Tool.Info[]> {
+        const cfg = await Config.get()
+        const question = ["app", "cli", "desktop"].includes(Flag.OPENCODE_CLIENT) || Flag.OPENCODE_ENABLE_QUESTION_TOOL
+
+        return [
+          InvalidTool,
+          ...(question ? [QuestionTool] : []),
+          BashTool,
+          ReadTool,
+          GlobTool,
+          GrepTool,
+          EditTool,
+          WriteTool,
+          TaskTool,
+          WebFetchTool,
+          TodoWriteTool,
+          WebSearchTool,
+          CodeSearchTool,
+          SkillTool,
+          ApplyPatchTool,
+          ...(Flag.OPENCODE_EXPERIMENTAL_LSP_TOOL ? [LspTool] : []),
+          ...(cfg.experimental?.batch_tool === true ? [BatchTool] : []),
+          ...(Flag.OPENCODE_EXPERIMENTAL_PLAN_MODE && Flag.OPENCODE_CLIENT === "cli" ? [PlanExitTool] : []),
+          ...custom,
+        ]
+      }
+
+      const register = Effect.fn("ToolRegistry.register")(function* (tool: Tool.Info) {
+        const state = yield* InstanceState.get(cache)
+        const idx = state.custom.findIndex((t) => t.id === tool.id)
+        if (idx >= 0) {
+          state.custom.splice(idx, 1, tool)
+          return
+        }
+        state.custom.push(tool)
+      })
+
+      const ids = Effect.fn("ToolRegistry.ids")(function* () {
+        const state = yield* InstanceState.get(cache)
+        const tools = yield* Effect.promise(() => all(state.custom))
+        return tools.map((t) => t.id)
+      })
+
+      const tools = Effect.fn("ToolRegistry.tools")(function* (
+        model: { providerID: ProviderID; modelID: ModelID },
+        agent?: Agent.Info,
+      ) {
+        const state = yield* InstanceState.get(cache)
+        const allTools = yield* Effect.promise(() => all(state.custom))
+        return yield* Effect.promise(() =>
+          Promise.all(
+            allTools
+              .filter((tool) => {
+                // Enable websearch/codesearch for zen users OR via enable flag
+                if (tool.id === "codesearch" || tool.id === "websearch") {
+                  return model.providerID === ProviderID.opencode || Flag.OPENCODE_ENABLE_EXA
+                }
+
+                // use apply tool in same format as codex
+                const usePatch =
+                  model.modelID.includes("gpt-") && !model.modelID.includes("oss") && !model.modelID.includes("gpt-4")
+                if (tool.id === "apply_patch") return usePatch
+                if (tool.id === "edit" || tool.id === "write") return !usePatch
+
+                return true
+              })
+              .map(async (tool) => {
+                using _ = log.time(tool.id)
+                const next = await tool.init({ agent })
+                const output = {
+                  description: next.description,
+                  parameters: next.parameters,
+                }
+                await Plugin.trigger("tool.definition", { toolID: tool.id }, output)
+                return {
+                  id: tool.id,
+                  ...next,
+                  description: output.description,
+                  parameters: output.parameters,
+                }
+              }),
+          ),
+        )
+      })
+
+      return Service.of({ register, ids, tools })
+    }),
+  )
+
+  const { runPromise } = makeRuntime(Service, layer)
+
  export async function register(tool: Tool.Info) {
-    const { custom } = await state()
-    const idx = custom.findIndex((t) => t.id === tool.id)
-    if (idx >= 0) {
-      custom.splice(idx, 1, tool)
-      return
-    }
-    custom.push(tool)
-  }
-
-  async function all(): Promise<Tool.Info[]> {
-    const custom = await state().then((x) => x.custom)
-    const config = await Config.get()
-    const question = ["app", "cli", "desktop"].includes(Flag.OPENCODE_CLIENT) || Flag.OPENCODE_ENABLE_QUESTION_TOOL
-
-    return [
-      InvalidTool,
-      ...(question ? [QuestionTool] : []),
-      BashTool,
-      ReadTool,
-      GlobTool,
-      GrepTool,
-      EditTool,
-      WriteTool,
-      TaskTool,
-      WebFetchTool,
-      TodoWriteTool,
-      // TodoReadTool,
-      WebSearchTool,
-      CodeSearchTool,
-      SkillTool,
-      ApplyPatchTool,
-      ...(Flag.OPENCODE_EXPERIMENTAL_LSP_TOOL ? [LspTool] : []),
-      ...(config.experimental?.batch_tool === true ? [BatchTool] : []),
-      ...(Flag.OPENCODE_EXPERIMENTAL_PLAN_MODE && Flag.OPENCODE_CLIENT === "cli" ? [PlanExitTool] : []),
-      ...custom,
-    ]
+    return runPromise((svc) => svc.register(tool))
  }

  export async function ids() {
-    return all().then((x) => x.map((t) => t.id))
+    return runPromise((svc) => svc.ids())
  }

  export async function tools(
@@ -136,39 +215,6 @@ export namespace ToolRegistry {
    },
    agent?: Agent.Info,
  ) {
-    const tools = await all()
-    const result = await Promise.all(
-      tools
-        .filter((t) => {
-          // Enable websearch/codesearch for zen users OR via enable flag
-          if (t.id === "codesearch" || t.id === "websearch") {
-            return model.providerID === ProviderID.opencode || Flag.OPENCODE_ENABLE_EXA
-          }
-
-          // use apply tool in same format as codex
-          const usePatch =
-            model.modelID.includes("gpt-") && !model.modelID.includes("oss") && !model.modelID.includes("gpt-4")
-          if (t.id === "apply_patch") return usePatch
-          if (t.id === "edit" || t.id === "write") return !usePatch
-
-          return true
-        })
-        .map(async (t) => {
-          using _ = log.time(t.id)
-          const tool = await t.init({ agent })
-          const output = {
-            description: tool.description,
-            parameters: tool.parameters,
-          }
-          await Plugin.trigger("tool.definition", { toolID: t.id }, output)
-          return {
-            id: t.id,
-            ...tool,
-            description: output.description,
-            parameters: output.parameters,
-          }
-        }),
-    )
-    return result
+    return runPromise((svc) => svc.tools(model, agent))
  }
 }
--- a/packages/opencode/src/tool/task.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/tool/task.ts
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ import { SessionPrompt } from "../session/prompt"
 import { iife } from "@/util/iife"
 import { defer } from "@/util/defer"
 import { Config } from "../config/config"
-import { PermissionNext } from "@/permission"
+import { Permission } from "@/permission"

 const parameters = z.object({
  description: z.string().describe("A short (3-5 words) description of the task"),
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ export const TaskTool = Tool.define("task", async (ctx) => {
  // Filter agents by permissions if agent provided
  const caller = ctx?.agent
  const accessibleAgents = caller
-    ? agents.filter((a) => PermissionNext.evaluate("task", a.name, caller.permission).action !== "deny")
+    ? agents.filter((a) => Permission.evaluate("task", a.name, caller.permission).action !== "deny")
    : agents
  const list = accessibleAgents.toSorted((a, b) => a.name.localeCompare(b.name))

--- a/packages/opencode/src/tool/tool.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/tool/tool.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import z from "zod"
 import type { MessageV2 } from "../session/message-v2"
 import type { Agent } from "../agent/agent"
-import type { PermissionNext } from "../permission"
+import type { Permission } from "../permission"
 import type { SessionID, MessageID } from "../session/schema"
 import { Truncate } from "./truncate"

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ export namespace Tool {
    extra?: { [key: string]: any }
    messages: MessageV2.WithParts[]
    metadata(input: { title?: string; metadata?: M }): void
-    ask(input: Omit<PermissionNext.Request, "id" | "sessionID" | "tool">): Promise<void>
+    ask(input: Omit<Permission.Request, "id" | "sessionID" | "tool">): Promise<void>
  }
  export interface Info<Parameters extends z.ZodType = z.ZodType, M extends Metadata = Metadata> {
    id: string
--- a/packages/opencode/src/tool/truncate-effect.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/tool/truncate-effect.ts
@@ -1,137 +0,0 @@
-import { NodePath } from "@effect/platform-node"
-import { Cause, Duration, Effect, Layer, Schedule, ServiceMap } from "effect"
-import path from "path"
-import type { Agent } from "../agent/agent"
-import { AppFileSystem } from "@/filesystem"
-import { evaluate } from "@/permission/evaluate"
-import { Identifier } from "../id/id"
-import { Log } from "../util/log"
-import { ToolID } from "./schema"
-import { TRUNCATION_DIR } from "./truncation-dir"
-
-export namespace Truncate {
-  const log = Log.create({ service: "truncation" })
-  const RETENTION = Duration.days(7)
-
-  export const MAX_LINES = 2000
-  export const MAX_BYTES = 50 * 1024
-  export const DIR = TRUNCATION_DIR
-  export const GLOB = path.join(TRUNCATION_DIR, "*")
-
-  export type Result = { content: string; truncated: false } | { content: string; truncated: true; outputPath: string }
-
-  export interface Options {
-    maxLines?: number
-    maxBytes?: number
-    direction?: "head" | "tail"
-  }
-
-  function hasTaskTool(agent?: Agent.Info) {
-    if (!agent?.permission) return false
-    return evaluate("task", "*", agent.permission).action !== "deny"
-  }
-
-  export interface Interface {
-    readonly cleanup: () => Effect.Effect<void>
-    /**
-     * Returns output unchanged when it fits within the limits, otherwise writes the full text
-     * to the truncation directory and returns a preview plus a hint to inspect the saved file.
-     */
-    readonly output: (text: string, options?: Options, agent?: Agent.Info) => Effect.Effect<Result>
-  }
-
-  export class Service extends ServiceMap.Service<Service, Interface>()("@opencode/Truncate") {}
-
-  export const layer = Layer.effect(
-    Service,
-    Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const fs = yield* AppFileSystem.Service
-
-      const cleanup = Effect.fn("Truncate.cleanup")(function* () {
-        const cutoff = Identifier.timestamp(Identifier.create("tool", false, Date.now() - Duration.toMillis(RETENTION)))
-        const entries = yield* fs.readDirectory(TRUNCATION_DIR).pipe(
-          Effect.map((all) => all.filter((name) => name.startsWith("tool_"))),
-          Effect.catch(() => Effect.succeed([])),
-        )
-        for (const entry of entries) {
-          if (Identifier.timestamp(entry) >= cutoff) continue
-          yield* fs.remove(path.join(TRUNCATION_DIR, entry)).pipe(Effect.catch(() => Effect.void))
-        }
-      })
-
-      const output = Effect.fn("Truncate.output")(function* (text: string, options: Options = {}, agent?: Agent.Info) {
-        const maxLines = options.maxLines ?? MAX_LINES
-        const maxBytes = options.maxBytes ?? MAX_BYTES
-        const direction = options.direction ?? "head"
-        const lines = text.split("\n")
-        const totalBytes = Buffer.byteLength(text, "utf-8")
-
-        if (lines.length <= maxLines && totalBytes <= maxBytes) {
-          return { content: text, truncated: false } as const
-        }
-
-        const out: string[] = []
-        let i = 0
-        let bytes = 0
-        let hitBytes = false
-
-        if (direction === "head") {
-          for (i = 0; i < lines.length && i < maxLines; i++) {
-            const size = Buffer.byteLength(lines[i], "utf-8") + (i > 0 ? 1 : 0)
-            if (bytes + size > maxBytes) {
-              hitBytes = true
-              break
-            }
-            out.push(lines[i])
-            bytes += size
-          }
-        } else {
-          for (i = lines.length - 1; i >= 0 && out.length < maxLines; i--) {
-            const size = Buffer.byteLength(lines[i], "utf-8") + (out.length > 0 ? 1 : 0)
-            if (bytes + size > maxBytes) {
-              hitBytes = true
-              break
-            }
-            out.unshift(lines[i])
-            bytes += size
-          }
-        }
-
-        const removed = hitBytes ? totalBytes - bytes : lines.length - out.length
-        const unit = hitBytes ? "bytes" : "lines"
-        const preview = out.join("\n")
-        const file = path.join(TRUNCATION_DIR, ToolID.ascending())
-
-        yield* fs.ensureDir(TRUNCATION_DIR).pipe(Effect.orDie)
-        yield* fs.writeFileString(file, text).pipe(Effect.orDie)
-
-        const hint = hasTaskTool(agent)
-          ? `The tool call succeeded but the output was truncated. Full output saved to: ${file}\nUse the Task tool to have explore agent process this file with Grep and Read (with offset/limit). Do NOT read the full file yourself - delegate to save context.`
-          : `The tool call succeeded but the output was truncated. Full output saved to: ${file}\nUse Grep to search the full content or Read with offset/limit to view specific sections.`
-
-        return {
-          content:
-            direction === "head"
-              ? `${preview}\n\n...${removed} ${unit} truncated...\n\n${hint}`
-              : `...${removed} ${unit} truncated...\n\n${hint}\n\n${preview}`,
-          truncated: true,
-          outputPath: file,
-        } as const
-      })
-
-      yield* cleanup().pipe(
-        Effect.catchCause((cause) => {
-          log.error("truncation cleanup failed", { cause: Cause.pretty(cause) })
-          return Effect.void
-        }),
-        Effect.repeat(Schedule.spaced(Duration.hours(1))),
-        Effect.delay(Duration.minutes(1)),
-        Effect.forkScoped,
-      )
-
-      return Service.of({ cleanup, output })
-    }),
-  )
-
-  export const defaultLayer = layer.pipe(Layer.provide(AppFileSystem.defaultLayer), Layer.provide(NodePath.layer))
-}
--- a/packages/opencode/src/tool/truncate.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/tool/truncate.ts
@@ -1,18 +1,144 @@
+import { NodePath } from "@effect/platform-node"
+import { Cause, Duration, Effect, Layer, Schedule, ServiceMap } from "effect"
+import path from "path"
 import type { Agent } from "../agent/agent"
-import { runtime } from "@/effect/runtime"
-import { Truncate as S } from "./truncate-effect"
+import { makeRuntime } from "@/effect/run-service"
+import { AppFileSystem } from "@/filesystem"
+import { evaluate } from "@/permission/evaluate"
+import { Identifier } from "../id/id"
+import { Log } from "../util/log"
+import { ToolID } from "./schema"
+import { TRUNCATION_DIR } from "./truncation-dir"

 export namespace Truncate {
-  export const MAX_LINES = S.MAX_LINES
-  export const MAX_BYTES = S.MAX_BYTES
-  export const DIR = S.DIR
-  export const GLOB = S.GLOB
+  const log = Log.create({ service: "truncation" })
+  const RETENTION = Duration.days(7)

-  export type Result = S.Result
+  export const MAX_LINES = 2000
+  export const MAX_BYTES = 50 * 1024
+  export const DIR = TRUNCATION_DIR
+  export const GLOB = path.join(TRUNCATION_DIR, "*")

-  export type Options = S.Options
+  export type Result = { content: string; truncated: false } | { content: string; truncated: true; outputPath: string }
+
+  export interface Options {
+    maxLines?: number
+    maxBytes?: number
+    direction?: "head" | "tail"
+  }
+
+  function hasTaskTool(agent?: Agent.Info) {
+    if (!agent?.permission) return false
+    return evaluate("task", "*", agent.permission).action !== "deny"
+  }
+
+  export interface Interface {
+    readonly cleanup: () => Effect.Effect<void>
+    /**
+     * Returns output unchanged when it fits within the limits, otherwise writes the full text
+     * to the truncation directory and returns a preview plus a hint to inspect the saved file.
+     */
+    readonly output: (text: string, options?: Options, agent?: Agent.Info) => Effect.Effect<Result>
+  }
+
+  export class Service extends ServiceMap.Service<Service, Interface>()("@opencode/Truncate") {}
+
+  export const layer = Layer.effect(
+    Service,
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const fs = yield* AppFileSystem.Service
+
+      const cleanup = Effect.fn("Truncate.cleanup")(function* () {
+        const cutoff = Identifier.timestamp(Identifier.create("tool", false, Date.now() - Duration.toMillis(RETENTION)))
+        const entries = yield* fs.readDirectory(TRUNCATION_DIR).pipe(
+          Effect.map((all) => all.filter((name) => name.startsWith("tool_"))),
+          Effect.catch(() => Effect.succeed([])),
+        )
+        for (const entry of entries) {
+          if (Identifier.timestamp(entry) >= cutoff) continue
+          yield* fs.remove(path.join(TRUNCATION_DIR, entry)).pipe(Effect.catch(() => Effect.void))
+        }
+      })
+
+      const output = Effect.fn("Truncate.output")(function* (text: string, options: Options = {}, agent?: Agent.Info) {
+        const maxLines = options.maxLines ?? MAX_LINES
+        const maxBytes = options.maxBytes ?? MAX_BYTES
+        const direction = options.direction ?? "head"
+        const lines = text.split("\n")
+        const totalBytes = Buffer.byteLength(text, "utf-8")
+
+        if (lines.length <= maxLines && totalBytes <= maxBytes) {
+          return { content: text, truncated: false } as const
+        }
+
+        const out: string[] = []
+        let i = 0
+        let bytes = 0
+        let hitBytes = false
+
+        if (direction === "head") {
+          for (i = 0; i < lines.length && i < maxLines; i++) {
+            const size = Buffer.byteLength(lines[i], "utf-8") + (i > 0 ? 1 : 0)
+            if (bytes + size > maxBytes) {
+              hitBytes = true
+              break
+            }
+            out.push(lines[i])
+            bytes += size
+          }
+        } else {
+          for (i = lines.length - 1; i >= 0 && out.length < maxLines; i--) {
+            const size = Buffer.byteLength(lines[i], "utf-8") + (out.length > 0 ? 1 : 0)
+            if (bytes + size > maxBytes) {
+              hitBytes = true
+              break
+            }
+            out.unshift(lines[i])
+            bytes += size
+          }
+        }
+
+        const removed = hitBytes ? totalBytes - bytes : lines.length - out.length
+        const unit = hitBytes ? "bytes" : "lines"
+        const preview = out.join("\n")
+        const file = path.join(TRUNCATION_DIR, ToolID.ascending())
+
+        yield* fs.ensureDir(TRUNCATION_DIR).pipe(Effect.orDie)
+        yield* fs.writeFileString(file, text).pipe(Effect.orDie)
+
+        const hint = hasTaskTool(agent)
+          ? `The tool call succeeded but the output was truncated. Full output saved to: ${file}\nUse the Task tool to have explore agent process this file with Grep and Read (with offset/limit). Do NOT read the full file yourself - delegate to save context.`
+          : `The tool call succeeded but the output was truncated. Full output saved to: ${file}\nUse Grep to search the full content or Read with offset/limit to view specific sections.`
+
+        return {
+          content:
+            direction === "head"
+              ? `${preview}\n\n...${removed} ${unit} truncated...\n\n${hint}`
+              : `...${removed} ${unit} truncated...\n\n${hint}\n\n${preview}`,
+          truncated: true,
+          outputPath: file,
+        } as const
+      })
+
+      yield* cleanup().pipe(
+        Effect.catchCause((cause) => {
+          log.error("truncation cleanup failed", { cause: Cause.pretty(cause) })
+          return Effect.void
+        }),
+        Effect.repeat(Schedule.spaced(Duration.hours(1))),
+        Effect.delay(Duration.minutes(1)),
+        Effect.forkScoped,
+      )
+
+      return Service.of({ cleanup, output })
+    }),
+  )
+
+  export const defaultLayer = layer.pipe(Layer.provide(AppFileSystem.defaultLayer), Layer.provide(NodePath.layer))
+
+  const { runPromise } = makeRuntime(Service, defaultLayer)

  export async function output(text: string, options: Options = {}, agent?: Agent.Info): Promise<Result> {
-    return runtime.runPromise(S.Service.use((s) => s.output(text, options, agent)))
+    return runPromise((s) => s.output(text, options, agent))
  }
 }
--- a/packages/opencode/src/tool/write.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/tool/write.ts
@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@ import { LSP } from "../lsp"
 import { createTwoFilesPatch } from "diff"
 import DESCRIPTION from "./write.txt"
 import { Bus } from "../bus"
-import { File } from "../file"
 import { FileWatcher } from "../file/watcher"
+import { Format } from "../format"
 import { FileTime } from "../file/time"
 import { Filesystem } from "../util/filesystem"
 import { Instance } from "../project/instance"
@@ -42,9 +42,7 @@ export const WriteTool = Tool.define("write", {
    })

    await Filesystem.write(filepath, params.content)
-    await Bus.publish(File.Event.Edited, {
-      file: filepath,
-    })
+    await Format.file(filepath)
    await Bus.publish(FileWatcher.Event.Updated, {
      file: filepath,
      event: exists ? "change" : "add",
--- a/packages/opencode/src/util/effect-zod.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/util/effect-zod.ts
@@ -60,6 +60,12 @@ function union(ast: SchemaAST.Union): z.ZodTypeAny {
  const items = ast.types.map(walk)
  if (items.length === 1) return items[0]
  if (items.length < 2) return fail(ast)
+
+  const discriminator = (ast as any).annotations?.discriminator
+  if (discriminator) {
+    return z.discriminatedUnion(discriminator, items as [z.ZodObject<any>, z.ZodObject<any>, ...z.ZodObject<any>[]])
+  }
+
  return z.union(items as [z.ZodTypeAny, z.ZodTypeAny, ...Array<z.ZodTypeAny>])
 }

--- a/packages/opencode/test/account/service.test.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/test/account/service.test.ts
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import { Duration, Effect, Layer, Option, Schema } from "effect"
 import { HttpClient, HttpClientResponse } from "effect/unstable/http"

 import { AccountRepo } from "../../src/account/repo"
-import { Account } from "../../src/account/effect"
+import { Account } from "../../src/account"
 import { AccessToken, AccountID, DeviceCode, Login, Org, OrgID, RefreshToken, UserCode } from "../../src/account/schema"
 import { Database } from "../../src/storage/db"
 import { testEffect } from "../lib/effect"
--- a/packages/opencode/test/agent/agent.test.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/test/agent/agent.test.ts
@@ -1,16 +1,20 @@
-import { test, expect } from "bun:test"
+import { afterEach, test, expect } from "bun:test"
 import path from "path"
 import { tmpdir } from "../fixture/fixture"
 import { Instance } from "../../src/project/instance"
 import { Agent } from "../../src/agent/agent"
-import { PermissionNext } from "../../src/permission"
+import { Permission } from "../../src/permission"

 // Helper to evaluate permission for a tool with wildcard pattern
-function evalPerm(agent: Agent.Info | undefined, permission: string): PermissionNext.Action | undefined {
+function evalPerm(agent: Agent.Info | undefined, permission: string): Permission.Action | undefined {
  if (!agent) return undefined
-  return PermissionNext.evaluate(permission, "*", agent.permission).action
+  return Permission.evaluate(permission, "*", agent.permission).action
 }

+afterEach(async () => {
+  await Instance.disposeAll()
+})
+
 test("returns default native agents when no config", async () => {
  await using tmp = await tmpdir()
  await Instance.provide({
@@ -54,7 +58,7 @@ test("plan agent denies edits except .opencode/plans/*", async () => {
      // Wildcard is denied
      expect(evalPerm(plan, "edit")).toBe("deny")
      // But specific path is allowed
-      expect(PermissionNext.evaluate("edit", ".opencode/plans/foo.md", plan!.permission).action).toBe("allow")
+      expect(Permission.evaluate("edit", ".opencode/plans/foo.md", plan!.permission).action).toBe("allow")
    },
  })
 })
@@ -83,8 +87,8 @@ test("explore agent asks for external directories and allows Truncate.GLOB", asy
    fn: async () => {
      const explore = await Agent.get("explore")
      expect(explore).toBeDefined()
-      expect(PermissionNext.evaluate("external_directory", "/some/other/path", explore!.permission).action).toBe("ask")
-      expect(PermissionNext.evaluate("external_directory", Truncate.GLOB, explore!.permission).action).toBe("allow")
+      expect(Permission.evaluate("external_directory", "/some/other/path", explore!.permission).action).toBe("ask")
+      expect(Permission.evaluate("external_directory", Truncate.GLOB, explore!.permission).action).toBe("allow")
    },
  })
 })
@@ -216,7 +220,7 @@ test("agent permission config merges with defaults", async () => {
      const build = await Agent.get("build")
      expect(build).toBeDefined()
      // Specific pattern is denied
-      expect(PermissionNext.evaluate("bash", "rm -rf *", build!.permission).action).toBe("deny")
+      expect(Permission.evaluate("bash", "rm -rf *", build!.permission).action).toBe("deny")
      // Edit still allowed
      expect(evalPerm(build, "edit")).toBe("allow")
    },
@@ -501,9 +505,9 @@ test("Truncate.GLOB is allowed even when user denies external_directory globally
    directory: tmp.path,
    fn: async () => {
      const build = await Agent.get("build")
-      expect(PermissionNext.evaluate("external_directory", Truncate.GLOB, build!.permission).action).toBe("allow")
-      expect(PermissionNext.evaluate("external_directory", Truncate.DIR, build!.permission).action).toBe("deny")
-      expect(PermissionNext.evaluate("external_directory", "/some/other/path", build!.permission).action).toBe("deny")
+      expect(Permission.evaluate("external_directory", Truncate.GLOB, build!.permission).action).toBe("allow")
+      expect(Permission.evaluate("external_directory", Truncate.DIR, build!.permission).action).toBe("deny")
+      expect(Permission.evaluate("external_directory", "/some/other/path", build!.permission).action).toBe("deny")
    },
  })
 })
@@ -525,9 +529,9 @@ test("Truncate.GLOB is allowed even when user denies external_directory per-agen
    directory: tmp.path,
    fn: async () => {
      const build = await Agent.get("build")
-      expect(PermissionNext.evaluate("external_directory", Truncate.GLOB, build!.permission).action).toBe("allow")
-      expect(PermissionNext.evaluate("external_directory", Truncate.DIR, build!.permission).action).toBe("deny")
-      expect(PermissionNext.evaluate("external_directory", "/some/other/path", build!.permission).action).toBe("deny")
+      expect(Permission.evaluate("external_directory", Truncate.GLOB, build!.permission).action).toBe("allow")
+      expect(Permission.evaluate("external_directory", Truncate.DIR, build!.permission).action).toBe("deny")
+      expect(Permission.evaluate("external_directory", "/some/other/path", build!.permission).action).toBe("deny")
    },
  })
 })
@@ -548,8 +552,8 @@ test("explicit Truncate.GLOB deny is respected", async () => {
    directory: tmp.path,
    fn: async () => {
      const build = await Agent.get("build")
-      expect(PermissionNext.evaluate("external_directory", Truncate.GLOB, build!.permission).action).toBe("deny")
-      expect(PermissionNext.evaluate("external_directory", Truncate.DIR, build!.permission).action).toBe("deny")
+      expect(Permission.evaluate("external_directory", Truncate.GLOB, build!.permission).action).toBe("deny")
+      expect(Permission.evaluate("external_directory", Truncate.DIR, build!.permission).action).toBe("deny")
    },
  })
 })
@@ -582,7 +586,7 @@ description: Permission skill.
        const build = await Agent.get("build")
        const skillDir = path.join(tmp.path, ".opencode", "skill", "perm-skill")
        const target = path.join(skillDir, "reference", "notes.md")
-        expect(PermissionNext.evaluate("external_directory", target, build!.permission).action).toBe("allow")
+        expect(Permission.evaluate("external_directory", target, build!.permission).action).toBe("allow")
      },
    })
  } finally {
--- a/packages/opencode/test/bus/bus.test.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/test/bus/bus.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,181 @@
+import { afterEach, describe, expect, test } from "bun:test"
+import z from "zod"
+import { Bus } from "../../src/bus"
+import { BusEvent } from "../../src/bus/bus-event"
+import { Instance } from "../../src/project/instance"
+import { tmpdir } from "../fixture/fixture"
+
+const TestEvent = {
+  Ping: BusEvent.define("test.ping", z.object({ value: z.number() })),
+  Pong: BusEvent.define("test.pong", z.object({ message: z.string() })),
+}
+
+function withInstance(directory: string, fn: () => Promise<void>) {
+  return Instance.provide({ directory, fn })
+}
+
+describe("Bus", () => {
+  afterEach(() => Instance.disposeAll())
+
+  describe("publish + subscribe", () => {
+    test("subscriber receives matching events", async () => {
+      await using tmp = await tmpdir()
+      const received: number[] = []
+
+      await withInstance(tmp.path, async () => {
+        Bus.subscribe(TestEvent.Ping, (evt) => {
+          received.push(evt.properties.value)
+        })
+        // Give the subscriber fiber time to start consuming
+        await Bun.sleep(10)
+        await Bus.publish(TestEvent.Ping, { value: 42 })
+        await Bus.publish(TestEvent.Ping, { value: 99 })
+        // Give subscriber time to process
+        await Bun.sleep(10)
+      })
+
+      expect(received).toEqual([42, 99])
+    })
+
+    test("subscriber does not receive events of other types", async () => {
+      await using tmp = await tmpdir()
+      const pings: number[] = []
+
+      await withInstance(tmp.path, async () => {
+        Bus.subscribe(TestEvent.Ping, (evt) => {
+          pings.push(evt.properties.value)
+        })
+        await Bun.sleep(10)
+        await Bus.publish(TestEvent.Pong, { message: "hello" })
+        await Bus.publish(TestEvent.Ping, { value: 1 })
+        await Bun.sleep(10)
+      })
+
+      expect(pings).toEqual([1])
+    })
+
+    test("publish with no subscribers does not throw", async () => {
+      await using tmp = await tmpdir()
+
+      await withInstance(tmp.path, async () => {
+        await Bus.publish(TestEvent.Ping, { value: 1 })
+      })
+    })
+  })
+
+  describe("unsubscribe", () => {
+    test("unsubscribe stops delivery", async () => {
+      await using tmp = await tmpdir()
+      const received: number[] = []
+
+      await withInstance(tmp.path, async () => {
+        const unsub = Bus.subscribe(TestEvent.Ping, (evt) => {
+          received.push(evt.properties.value)
+        })
+        await Bun.sleep(10)
+        await Bus.publish(TestEvent.Ping, { value: 1 })
+        await Bun.sleep(10)
+        unsub()
+        await Bun.sleep(10)
+        await Bus.publish(TestEvent.Ping, { value: 2 })
+        await Bun.sleep(10)
+      })
+
+      expect(received).toEqual([1])
+    })
+  })
+
+  describe("subscribeAll", () => {
+    test("receives all event types", async () => {
+      await using tmp = await tmpdir()
+      const received: string[] = []
+
+      await withInstance(tmp.path, async () => {
+        Bus.subscribeAll((evt) => {
+          received.push(evt.type)
+        })
+        await Bun.sleep(10)
+        await Bus.publish(TestEvent.Ping, { value: 1 })
+        await Bus.publish(TestEvent.Pong, { message: "hi" })
+        await Bun.sleep(10)
+      })
+
+      expect(received).toContain("test.ping")
+      expect(received).toContain("test.pong")
+    })
+  })
+
+  describe("multiple subscribers", () => {
+    test("all subscribers for same event type are called", async () => {
+      await using tmp = await tmpdir()
+      const a: number[] = []
+      const b: number[] = []
+
+      await withInstance(tmp.path, async () => {
+        Bus.subscribe(TestEvent.Ping, (evt) => a.push(evt.properties.value))
+        Bus.subscribe(TestEvent.Ping, (evt) => b.push(evt.properties.value))
+        await Bun.sleep(10)
+        await Bus.publish(TestEvent.Ping, { value: 7 })
+        await Bun.sleep(10)
+      })
+
+      expect(a).toEqual([7])
+      expect(b).toEqual([7])
+    })
+  })
+
+  describe("instance isolation", () => {
+    test("events in one directory do not reach subscribers in another", async () => {
+      await using tmpA = await tmpdir()
+      await using tmpB = await tmpdir()
+      const receivedA: number[] = []
+      const receivedB: number[] = []
+
+      await withInstance(tmpA.path, async () => {
+        Bus.subscribe(TestEvent.Ping, (evt) => receivedA.push(evt.properties.value))
+        await Bun.sleep(10)
+      })
+
+      await withInstance(tmpB.path, async () => {
+        Bus.subscribe(TestEvent.Ping, (evt) => receivedB.push(evt.properties.value))
+        await Bun.sleep(10)
+      })
+
+      await withInstance(tmpA.path, async () => {
+        await Bus.publish(TestEvent.Ping, { value: 1 })
+        await Bun.sleep(10)
+      })
+
+      await withInstance(tmpB.path, async () => {
+        await Bus.publish(TestEvent.Ping, { value: 2 })
+        await Bun.sleep(10)
+      })
+
+      expect(receivedA).toEqual([1])
+      expect(receivedB).toEqual([2])
+    })
+  })
+
+  describe("instance disposal", () => {
+    test("InstanceDisposed is delivered to wildcard subscribers before stream ends", async () => {
+      await using tmp = await tmpdir()
+      const received: string[] = []
+
+      await withInstance(tmp.path, async () => {
+        Bus.subscribeAll((evt) => {
+          received.push(evt.type)
+        })
+        await Bun.sleep(10)
+        await Bus.publish(TestEvent.Ping, { value: 1 })
+        await Bun.sleep(10)
+      })
+
+      // Instance.disposeAll triggers the finalizer which publishes InstanceDisposed
+      await Instance.disposeAll()
+      await Bun.sleep(50)
+
+      expect(received).toContain("test.ping")
+      expect(received).toContain(Bus.InstanceDisposed.type)
+    })
+  })
+})
--- a/packages/opencode/test/config/config.test.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/test/config/config.test.ts
@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ test("resolves env templates in account config with account token", async () =>
  const originalToken = Account.token
  const originalControlToken = process.env["OPENCODE_CONSOLE_TOKEN"]

-  Account.active = mock(() => ({
+  Account.active = mock(async () => ({
    id: AccountID.make("account-1"),
    email: "user@example.com",
    url: "https://control.example.com",
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
Kit Langton	36930fd922	remove unnecessary double-check in getOrCreate (Effect.sync is atomic)	2026-03-21 22:01:41 -04:00
Kit Langton	327309e089	fix(bus): prevent race in getOrCreate with double-check after yield	2026-03-21 21:56:00 -04:00
Kit Langton	d46865da99	test(bus): add instance isolation and multiple subscriber tests	2026-03-21 21:51:23 -04:00
Kit Langton	1209e7e470	add runCallback to makeRuntime, simplify forkStream, add bus tests - Add runCallback to makeRuntime (returns interrupt function directly) - Simplify forkStream to use runCallback instead of runFork + Fiber.interrupt - Add 6 bus tests covering publish/subscribe, unsubscribe, subscribeAll, and InstanceDisposed delivery on instance disposal	2026-03-21 21:49:37 -04:00
Kit Langton	9b9802aaac	simplify: extract forkStream, fix dead event test subscribers, update docs	2026-03-21 21:44:32 -04:00
Kit Langton	7401f8223d	effectify Bus service: migrate to Effect PubSub + InstanceState - Replace manual subscription Map with PubSub.unbounded per instance - Per-type PubSubs + wildcard PubSub, cleaned up via addFinalizer - InstanceDisposed published before PubSub shutdown so subscribers see it - Replace makeRunPromise with makeRuntime (single runtime with runPromise + runFork) - Update all 19 services to use makeRuntime destructuring - Legacy facade preserved: publish/subscribe/subscribeAll same signatures - subscribe/subscribeAll fork stream consumer fibers, return interrupt function - Extract Format.file() for explicit formatting, remove event-driven subscription - Inline Format.file() calls in write/edit/apply_patch tools - Drop Bus.once (zero callers)	2026-03-21 21:41:29 -04:00
Kit Langton	3da88c870d	effectify Bus service: migrate to Effect PubSub + InstanceState - Replace manual subscription Map with PubSub.unbounded per instance - Per-type PubSubs + wildcard PubSub, cleaned up via addFinalizer - InstanceDisposed published before PubSub shutdown so subscribers see it - Add makeRuntime to run-service.ts (single runtime with runPromise + runFork) - Legacy facade preserved: publish/subscribe/subscribeAll same signatures - subscribe/subscribeAll fork stream consumer fibers, return interrupt function - Extract Format.file() for explicit formatting, remove event-driven subscription - Inline Format.file() calls in write/edit/apply_patch tools - Drop Bus.once (zero callers) - Keep makeRunPromise as deprecated wrapper for existing services	2026-03-21 21:38:54 -04:00
Kit Langton	13bac9c91a	effectify Pty service (#18572 )	2026-03-22 01:17:13 +00:00
Kit Langton	fe53af4819	effectify ToolRegistry service (#18571 )	2026-03-22 01:06:01 +00:00
opencode-agent[bot]	e82c5a9a28	chore: generate	2026-03-22 00:51:19 +00:00
Kit Langton	3236f228fb	effectify Plugin service (#18570 )	2026-03-22 00:50:22 +00:00
Kit Langton	0e0e7a4a4b	effectify Command service (#18568 )	2026-03-22 00:21:41 +00:00
Kit Langton	10a3d6c54e	effectify SessionStatus service (#18565 )	2026-03-21 23:55:07 +00:00
opencode-agent[bot]	832b8e252e	chore: update nix node_modules hashes	2026-03-21 19:17:12 +00:00
Sebastian	040f551c57	Upgrade opentui to 0.1.88 (#18079 )	2026-03-21 19:00:42 +00:00
Protocol Zero	cc818f8032	fix(provider): only set thinkingConfig for models with reasoning capability (#18283 )	2026-03-21 11:57:52 -05:00
opencode-agent[bot]	d5337b41f4	chore: update nix node_modules hashes	2026-03-21 15:47:15 +00:00
opencode-agent[bot]	9f7a76d6c0	chore: generate	2026-03-21 15:34:05 +00:00
Brendan Allan	6a16db4b92	app: manage mutation loading states with tanstack query (#18501 )	2026-03-21 23:33:04 +08:00
Brendan Allan	9ad6588f3e	app: allow navigating projects with keybinds (#18502 )	2026-03-21 22:13:09 +08:00
opencode-agent[bot]	fb6bf0b35e	chore: generate	2026-03-21 13:12:54 +00:00
Dax Raad	f80343b875	fix annotation	2026-03-21 09:11:15 -04:00
Frank	9b805e1cc4	wip: zen	2026-03-21 04:07:51 -04:00
opencode-agent[bot]	2e0d5d2308	chore: generate	2026-03-21 04:52:23 +00:00
Kit Langton	38e0dc9ccd	Move service state into InstanceState, flatten service facades (#18483 )	2026-03-21 04:51:35 +00:00
opencode-agent[bot]	40aeaa120d	chore: generate	2026-03-21 03:11:28 +00:00
Kit Langton	6a64177589	fix(zen): emit cost chunk in client-facing format, not upstream format (#16817 )	2026-03-20 23:10:34 -04:00
Dax Raad	5dc47905a9	allow customizing DB location	2026-03-20 22:49:55 -04:00
Aiden Cline	dc0044882c	ignore: add danieljoshuanazareth to disavow list (#18476 )	2026-03-20 21:34:07 -04:00
github-actions[bot]	45ae7dc653	Update VOUCHED list https://github.com/anomalyco/opencode/issues/18464#issuecomment-4101766628	2026-03-21 01:28:40 +00:00
Dax Raad	129fe1e350	ci	2026-03-20 17:00:05 -04:00
Kit Langton	214a6c6cf1	fix: switch consumers to service imports to break bundle cycles (#18438 )	2026-03-20 20:55:46 +00:00
Dax Raad	3f249aba6d	commit and push	2026-03-20 16:36:19 -04:00
Dax Raad	5c6ec1caac	fix question cross out	2026-03-20 15:50:04 -04:00